Chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458955732 ImageFile L amphetamine.svg ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize 244 ImageName Stereo, Kekul , skeletal formula of levoamphetamine SystematicName 2 R 1 Phenylpropan 2 amine ref Cite web title Amphetamine PubChem Public Chemical Project url http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 32893&loc ec rcs work The PubChem Project publisher National Center for Biotechnology Information accessdate 26 September 2011 location USA date 08 August 2005 at Descriptors Computed from Structure ref Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 156 34 3 PubChem 32893 PubChem Ref Pubchemcite correct Pubchem ChemSpiderID 30477 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider EINECS 205 850 8 ChEBI 42724 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 19393 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI Beilstein 2432739 Gmelin 1125855 SMILES C C H N Cc1ccccc1 SMILES1 C C H N CC1 CC CC C1 StdInChI 1S C9H13N c1 8 10 7 9 5 3 2 4 6 9 h2 6,8H,7,10H2,1H3 t8 m1 s1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey KWTSXDURSIMDCE MRVPVSSYSA N StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider Section2 Chembox Properties C 9 N 1 H 13 MolarMass 135.2062 g mol sup 1 sup ExactMass 135.104799421 g mol sup 1 sup LogP 1.789 Section3 Chembox Pharmacology AdminRoutes Oral Legal US Rx only Levoamphetamine or levamfetamine is a psychostimulant known to increase wakefulness and Focus cognitive process focus in association with decreased appetite and Fatigue medical fatigue . Levoamphetamine is the left handed levorotary stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule. It possesses much weaker dopaminergic activity than the dextrorotary isomer dextroamphetamine and acts as a binding selectivity selective releasing agent of norepinephrine , similarly to levomethamphetamine . Chemistry Levoamphetamine is the levorotary stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule. The amphetamine racemate contains two st ... more details
Drugbox IUPAC name S 1 cyclohexyl N methylpropan 2 amine image Levopropylhexedrine.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status Rx only routes of administration Oral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 6192 97 8 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 71197 ChemSpiderID 64333 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 4R3L4TYV09 Chemical data C 10 H 21 N 1 molecular weight 155.28 g mol smiles N C H CC1CCCCC1 C C Levopropylhexedrine Eventin is a psychostimulant used as an anorectic in Germany . ref name isbn3 88763 075 0 cite book author Swiss Pharmaceutical Society title Index Nominum 2000 International Drug Directory Book with CD ROM publisher Medpharm Scientific Publishers location Boca Raton year 2000 pages isbn 3 88763 075 0 oclc doi url http books.google.com books?id 5GpcTQD L2oC&lpg PA1421&pg PA606 v onepage&q &f false ref ref name pmid13558159 cite journal author HOFER R, LOCKER A title Therapeutic experiences with the appetite depressant eventin. language German journal Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1946 volume 108 issue 14 pages 304 6 year 1958 month April pmid 13558159 doi url ref It has also been used in the anticonvulsant preparation barbexaclone in combination with phenobarbital to offset sedation . ref name pmid14606 cite journal author Oliveira C, Fernandes I, De Lima JM, Musse R title Clinical trial with barbexaclone in epilepsies language Portuguese journal Arquivos De Neuro psiquiatria volume 35 issue 1 pages 68 72 year 1977 month March pmid 14606 doi url ref ref name pmid6139756 cite journal author Iven H, Feldbusch E title Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital and propylhexedrine after administration of barbexaclone in the mouse journal Naunyn Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology volume 324 issue 2 pages 153 9 year 1983 month September pmid 6139756 doi url ref ref name isbn0 7923 0964 2 cite book author Seyffart, G. title Drug dosage in renal insufficiency publisher Kluwer Aca ... more details
Distinguish spironolactone Drugbox verifiedrevid 450796896 IUPAC name 2 piperidin 1 ylmethyl cyclohexanone image Pimeclone.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status Rx only routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 534 84 9 CAS supplemental br CAS 6966 09 2 hydrochloride HCl ATC prefix None ATC suffix PubChem 197861 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 171258 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII F0PVL84ZWR Chemical data C 12 H 21 N 1 O 1 molecular weight 195.30 g mol smiles O C1C CCCC1 CN2CCCCC2 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H21NO c14 12 7 3 2 6 11 12 10 13 8 4 1 5 9 13 h11H,1 10H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PRFPQYGTPKDLHJ UHFFFAOYSA N Pimeclone Karion , Spiractin is a drug described as either a psychostimulant or a respiratory stimulant conflicting reports which is sold in Europe . ref name isbn3 88763 075 0 cite book author Swiss Pharmaceutical Society title Index Nominum 2000 International Drug Directory Book with CD ROM publisher Medpharm Scientific Publishers location Boca Raton year 2000 pages isbn 3 88763 075 0 oclc doi url http books.google.com books?id 5GpcTQD L2oC&lpg PA836&dq Pimeclone&pg PA836 v onepage&q Pimeclone&f false ref ref name isbn0 412 46630 9 cite book author David J. Triggle title Dictionary of pharmacological agents publisher Chapman & Hall location London year 1997 pages isbn 0 412 46630 9 oclc doi url http books.google.com books?id A0THacd46ZsC&lpg PA1615&dq pimeclone&pg PA1615 v onepage&q pimeclone&f false ref It was first chemical synthesis synthesized in 1927. ref name isbn0 412 46630 9 cite book author David J. Triggle title Dictionary of pharmacological agents publisher Chapman & Hall location London year 1997 pages isbn 0 412 46630 9 oclc doi url http books.google.com books?id A0THacd46ZsC&lpg PA1615&dq pimeclone&pg PA1615 v onepage&q pimeclone&f ... more details
ADHD and narcolepsy as psychostimulant s, obesity as anorectic s, clinical depression depression and anxiety ... deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD and narcolepsy as psychostimulant s, obesity as anorectic s, clinical ... more details
Drugbox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 432850456 IUPAC name RS ethyl 2 phenyl 2 piperidin 2 ylacetate image Ethylphenidate.svg image2 Ethylphenidate 3D ball model.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status Unregulated not illegal US routes of administration N A Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability Variable protein bound Unknown metabolism liver Hepatic transesterification of prodrugs methylphenidate and ethanol excretion Urine Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 57413 43 1 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 3080846 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 2338571 Chemical data C 15 H 21 N 1 O 2 molecular weight 247.33274 g mol smiles CCOC O C C1CCCCN1 C2 CC CC C2 InChI 1 C15H21NO2 c1 2 18 15 17 14 12 8 4 3 5 9 12 13 10 6 7 11 16 13 h3 5,8 9,13 14,16H,2,6 7,10 11H2,1H3 InChIKey AIVSIRYZIBXTMM UHFFFAOYAR StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C15H21NO2 c1 2 18 15 17 14 12 8 4 3 5 9 12 13 10 6 7 11 16 13 h3 5,8 9,13 14,16H,2,6 7,10 11H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey AIVSIRYZIBXTMM UHFFFAOYSA N Ethylphenidate EP is a potent stimulant psychostimulant that acts as both a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor , meaning it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter s in the brain, by binding to, and partially blocking the transporter protein s that normally remove those monoamine s from the synaptic cleft . It is most commonly formed when Alcoholic beverage ethanol and methylphenidate are coingested, via liver hepatic transesterification . ref name Markowitz Cite pmid 10820132 ref Ethylphenidate formation appears ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 444227052 IUPAC name RS 2 dimethylamino 5 phenyl 1,3 oxazol 4 5 H one image Thozalinone.svg width 200px imagename 1 1 mixture racemate drug name Thozalinone Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status Rx only routes of administration Oral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 655 05 0 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 12602 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 12082 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 68X5932947 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D06115 Chemical data C 11 H 12 N 2 O 2 molecular weight 204.225 g mol smiles O C2 N C OC2c1ccccc1 N C C InChI 1 C11H12N2O2 c1 13 2 11 12 10 14 9 15 11 8 6 4 3 5 7 8 h3 7,9H,1 2H3 InChIKey JJSHYECKYLDYAR UHFFFAOYAD StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C11H12N2O2 c1 13 2 11 12 10 14 9 15 11 8 6 4 3 5 7 8 h3 7,9H,1 2H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey JJSHYECKYLDYAR UHFFFAOYSA N Thozalinone Stimsen is a psychostimulant that has been used as an antidepressant in Europe . ref name pmid4378772 cite journal author Greenblatt EN, Osterberg AC title Some pharmacologic properties of thozalinone, a new excitant journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology volume 7 issue 4 pages 566 78 year 1965 month July pmid 4378772 doi 10.1016 0041 008X 65 90042 6 url ref ref name isbn0 412 54090 8 cite book author title Dictionary of organic compounds publisher Chapman & Hall location London year 1996 pages isbn 0 412 54090 8 oclc doi url http books.google.com ?id C3Uo1co4Wv0C&lpg PA2539&dq thozalinone&pg PA2539 v onepage&q ref ref name isbn0 412 82910 X cite book author title Merck index on CD ROM Windows publisher Chapman & Hall EPD location London year 1998 pages isbn 0 412 82910 X oclc doi accessdate ref ref name pmid4962734 cite journal author Gallant DM, Bishop MP, Scrignar CB, Hornsby L, Moore B, Inturrisi BB title A double blind study of thozalinone C1 39,808 in depresse ... more details
skills and organization of tasks, and may help prevent tic disorders. Because it is a psychostimulant ... mg for adults. As with all psychostimulant compounds, some individuals may respond to a small ... more details
File Laz r Edeleanu.png thumb Laz r Edeleanu, Romanian chemist and inventor Laz r Edeleanu IPA ro laz r ede le anu 1861, Bucharest 1941 was a Romania n chemist of Jewish origin. ref http www.romanianjewish.org en fedrom 08 01.html The Romanian Jewish Community bot generated title at www.romanianjewish.org ref He was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine at the University of Berlin and the inventor of the modern method of oil refinery refining petroleum crude oil . His childhood and studies Edeleanu, son of Jewish turner Shaye Edeleanu, was raised in Bucharest and in the town of Foc ani . As he showed an early aptitude for science, was sent at the age of 12 to study in Bucharest at the prestigious St. Sava College. Lived in poor housing conditions, in a basement room and earned his living through giving private lessons. ref http art zone.ro personalitati lazar edeleanu.html biography on net ref So could he receive his baccalaureate in 1882. After ending high school, he worked hard as worker in order to go on and study chemistry at the Berlin University with August Wilhelm von Hofmann A.W. Hofmann , C.F. Rammelsberg and Hermann von Helmholtz H.L. Helmholtz . In 1887, he received the title of Doctor in Chemistry with the thesis On the derivatives of fatty phenylmethacrylic and phenylisobutyric acids original title in German Ueber einige Derivate der Phenylmethacryls ure und der Phenylisobutters ure , in which he described phenylisopropylamine, a psychostimulant nervous system stimulant also known as amphetamine or benzedrine . His research activity in England and Romania After receiving his doctorate, Edeleanu worked for a time at the Royal College of Artillery in London as lecturer and assistant to professor Hodgkinson. During this period he collaborated with C.F. Cross and E.J. Bevan to create a type of artificial silk artificial fireproof silk and with R. Meldola to create oxazine based dye s. Back in Romania, he was hired by chemist Constantin I. Istrati as ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 401641231 IUPAC name methyl 1R,2S,3S,5S 3 4 bromophenyl 8 methyl 8 azabicyclo 3.2.1 octane 2 carboxylate image RTI 51.png Clinical data tradename Identifiers CAS number 135367 08 7 ATC prefix ATC suffix PubChem 22595194 Chemical data C 16 H 20 Br 1 N 1 O 2 molecular weight 338.240 g mol smiles CN1 C H 2CC C H 1 C H C H C2 C3 CC C C C3 Br C O OC 2 Carbomethoxy 3 4 bromophenyl tropane RTI 51 , bromopane is a semi synthetic alkaloid in the phenyltropane group of psychostimulant compounds. First publicized in the 1990s, it has not been used enough to have gained a fully established profile. RTI 51 can be expected to have properties lying somewhere in between RTI 31 and RTI 55 . Importantly it has a ratio of monoamine reuptake inhibition of D S N 1.8 10.6 37.4nM respectively which is an unusual balance of effects not produced by other commonly used compounds although RTI 121 is similar, but more Dopamine transporter DAT selective . ref name pmid11749256 cite journal author Singh S title Chemistry, design, and structure activity relationship of cocaine antagonists journal Chemical Reviews volume 100 issue 3 pages 925 1024 year 2000 month March pmid 11749256 doi 10.1021 cr9700538 url ref It has been used in its sup 76 sup Br Isotopic labeling radiolabelled form to map the distribution of dopamine transporters in the brain. ref Loch C, M ller L, Ottaviani M, Halldin C, Farde L, Maziere B. Synthesis of 2 carbomethoxy 3 4 76Br bromophenyl tropane 76Br CBT , a PET tracer for in vivo imaging of the dopamine uptake sites. Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals . 1995 36 4 385 392. ref class wikitable caption Comparison of halogens caption Halogen Atomic Atomic Weight EN Bond Length Fluorine 9 19.0 4.0 Chlorine 17 35.5 3.2 Bromine 35 79.9 3.0 Iodine 53 127 2.7 Modern research seems to confirm the above hypothesis. ref Cite pmid 15957006 ref However, earlier work produced more scattered results. ref Cite pmid 7480516 ref Based upon what is ... more details
Drugbox name Aceglutamide IUPAC name N sup 2 sup Acetyl small L small glutamine image Aceglutamide.svg alt caption Clinical data tradename Glumal Acutil S KW 110 Drugs.com drugs.com international aceglutamide MedlinePlus pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA OTC, Rx only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD Benz POM, CD Anab POM or CD Inv POM legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 2490 97 3 CASNo Ref cascite correct ATCvet ATC prefix none if uncategorised ATC suffix UNII 01J18G9G97 PubChem 25561 ChemSpiderID 23836 DrugBank synonyms N Acetyl small L small glutamine Chemical data C 7 H 12 N 2 O 4 molecular weight 188.181 g mol smiles NC CC C H NC C O C O O O InChI 1 C7H12N2O4 c1 4 10 9 5 7 12 13 2 3 6 8 11 h5H,2 3H2,1H3, H2,8,11 H,9,10 H,12,13 InChIKey KSMRODHGGIIXDV UHFFFAOYAP StdInChI 1S C7H12N2O4 c1 4 10 9 5 7 12 13 2 3 6 8 11 h5H,2 3H2,1H3, H2,8,11 H,9,10 H,12,13 StdInChIKey KSMRODHGGIIXDV UHFFFAOYSA N melting point 197 melting notes ref name Merck Merck Index , 11th Edition, 21 ref Aceglutamide is a psychostimulant and nootropic ref name Merck used to improve memory and concentration. ref cite book title Dictionary of pharmacological agents editor1 first F editor1 last Macdonald year 1997 publisher location isbn 978 0 412 46630 4 page A 00018 pages url http books.google.com ?id DeX7jgInYFMC&pg PA4&dq 22Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents 22 aceglutamide v onepage&q&f false accessdate ref Chemically, it is the acetyl derivative chemistry derivative of the amino acid glutamine small L small glutamine . The salt chemistry salt aceglutamide aluminum also known as KW 110 and Glumal is effective in the treatment of ulcers. ref cite journal pmid ... more details
as Prozac an antidepressant , Viagra for erectile dysfunction , Valium a tranquiliser , Ritalin a psychostimulant , Serostim a synthetic growth hormone and Provigil a psychostimulant . ref RPSGB p.12 ... more details
Image Pyrocatechol.svg thumb 80px Catechol Image Dopamin Dopamine.svg thumb 140px dopamine Image Noradrenalin Noradrenaline.svg thumb 140px norepinephrine noradrenaline Image Adrenalin Adrenaline.svg thumb 140px epinephrine adrenaline Catecholamines are molecules that have a catechol nucleus consisting of benzene with two hydroxyl side groups, and a side chain amine. ref cite book author Fitzgerald, P. A. chapter Chapter 11. Adrenal Medulla and Paraganglia editor1 last Gardner editor1 first D. G. editor2 last Shoback editor2 first D. title Greenspan s Basic & Clinical Endocrinology edition 9th location New York publisher McGraw Hill year 2011 url http www.accessmedicine.com content.aspx?aID 8404198 accessdate October 26, 2011 ref They include dopamine , as well as the Fight or flight response fight or flight hormone s adrenaline epinephrine in US English and noradrenaline norepinephrine in US English released by the adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland s in response to stress. ref cite web url http myhealth.ucsd.edu library healthguide en us support topic.asp?hwid te7424 publisher University of California location San Diego work Health Library title Catecholamines ref They are called catecholamines because they contain a catechol or 1,2 dihydroxybenzene group. They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine . ref name Purves cite book editor Purves, D. Augustine, G. J. Fitzpatrick, D. Hall, W. C. LaMantia, A. S. McNamara, J. O. White, L. E. title Neuroscience edition 4th publisher Sinauer Associates pages 137 138 year 2008 isbn 978 0 87893 697 7 ref In the human body, the most abundant catecholamines are epinephrine adrenaline , norepinephrine noradrenaline and dopamine , all of which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine . Various psychostimulant stimulant drugs are catecholamine analogues. Catecholamines are water soluble and are 50 bound to plasma proteins, so they circulate in the bloodstream. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the e ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 449576702 IUPAC name 5 O hydroxy hydroxy 2 trimethylammonio ethoxy br phosphoryl oxy phosphoryl cytidine image Citicoline.svg Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com international citicoline pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 987 78 0 ATC prefix N06 ATC suffix BX06 PubChem 13805 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 16736209 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1618340 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 536BQ2JVC7 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D00057 Chemical data C 14 H 27 N 4 O 11 P 2 charge molecular weight 489.332 g mol smiles C N C C OP O O OP O O OC C H 2O C H N1 C C C N N C1 O C H O C H 2O InChI 1 C12H22N4O11P2 c1 16 2,3 26 29 22,23 27 28 20,21 24 6 7 9 17 10 18 11 25 7 15 5 4 8 13 14 12 15 19 h4 5,7,9 11,17 18H,6H2,1 3H3, H3 ,13,14,19,20,21,22,23 t7 ,9 ,10 ,11 m1 s1 InChIKey OPDHNBAEGPICKZ QCNRFFRDBT StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H22N4O11P2 c1 16 2,3 26 29 22,23 27 28 20,21 24 6 7 9 17 10 18 11 25 7 15 5 4 8 13 14 12 15 19 h4 5,7,9 11,17 18H,6H2,1 3H3, H3 ,13,14,19,20,21,22,23 t7 ,9 ,10 ,11 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey OPDHNBAEGPICKZ QCNRFFRDSA N synonyms Cytidine diphosphate choline Citicoline International Nonproprietary Name INN , also known as cytidine diphosphate choline CDP Choline & cytidine 5 diphosphocholine is a psychostimulant nootropic . It is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline . Sold in ... more details
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