Oswaldo Handro 1908&ndash 1986 was a Brazil ian botanist who specialized in pteridophyte s and spermatophyte s. ref cite web url http asaweb.huh.harvard.edu 8080 databases botanists?id 131370 publisher Harvard University Herbaria title Index of Botanists accessdate 2008 06 20 ref botanist Handro Handro References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Handro, Oswaldo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1908 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1986 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Handro, Oswaldo Category 1908 births Category 1986 deaths Category Brazilian botanists Brazil botanist stub es Oswaldo Handro ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 Sandro Alessandro Pignatti born 1930 is an Italians Italian Botany botanist specialising in pteridophyte s and spermatophyte s. ref Cite web url http www.ipni.org ipni idAuthorSearch.do jsessionid 268FB1A0DB7FB2BA07C31299C9DDE065?id 7694 1&back page title Author Details publisher The International Plant Name Index accessdate 14 December 2011 ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Pignatti, Sandro ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Italian botanist DATE OF BIRTH 1930 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Pignatti, Sandro Category Italian botanists Category 1930 births Category Living people Italy botanist stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Isoetes histrix image image width 240px regnum Plant ae divisio Lycopodiophyta classis Isoetopsida ordo Isoetales familia Isoetaceae genus Iso tes species I. histrix binomial Isoetes histrix binomial authority Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint Vincent Bory Isoetes histrix Land Quillwort is an aquatic pteridophyte native to the Mediterranean region , northwestern Africa , and the coasts of western Europe northwest to Cornwall . It occurs mainly in temporarily wet habitats, otherwise called vernal pool s. The leaf leaves are 3 8 cm long, and estivation summer deciduous . It differs from Isoetes durieui by its large black scales between the leaves, though these are not always present, and a surface of megaspores with tubercles, whereas I durieui has a network of ridges. References http rbg web2.rbge.org.uk cgi bin nph readbtree.pl feout?FAMILY XREF &GENUS XREF Isoetes&SPECIES XREF histrix&TAXON NAME XREF &RANK Flora Europaea Isoetes histrix Category Isoetes histrix Category Lycophyte species Lycophyte stub de Isoetes histrix ... more details
A sporeling is a young plant or fungus produced by a germinated spore , similar to a seedling derived from a germinated seed . They occur in alga e, fungus fungi , lichen s, bryophyte s and Pteridophyte seedless vascular plant s. Sporeling development Most spores germinate by first producing a germ rhizoid or holdfast followed by a germ tube emerging from the opposite end. The germ tube develops into the hypha , protonema or thallus tissue thallus of the gametophyte . In seedless vascular plants such as fern s and lycopodiophyta , the term sporeling refers to the young sporophyte growing on the gametophyte. These sporelings develop via an embryo stage from a fertilized egg inside an archegonium and depend on the gametophyte for their early stages of growth before becoming independent sporophytes. Young fern sporelings can often be found with the prothallus gametophyte still attached at the base of their frond s. External links British Pteridological Society http www.nhm.ac.uk hosted sites bps wof wof.htm An introduction to ferns contains a picture of a sporeling fern attached to the prothallus botany stub Category Plant morphology Category Plant reproduction Category Fungal morphology and anatomy ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 See Wikipedia WikiProject Indian cities for details Infobox Indian Jurisdiction native name Ogla type Small Spot latd 29.72 longd 80.39 state name Uttarakhand district Pithoragarh district Pithoragarh leader title leader name altitude population as of population total population density area magnitude sq. km area total area telephone postal code vehicle code range sex ratio unlocode website footnotes Ogla is a small scenic place in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand state of India in the Didihat tehsil . It lies in the crossroads of Kailash Man sarover pilgrimage highway. Nearby places include Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary , the Charama army base, and Narayan Nagar . It was at one time road terminus for many villages and the starting point for journeys on foot. Lying among dense pine forests, it leads on to Didihat , Dharchula , Darma Valley , Bhagichaura , Jauljibi , and Kanalichhina and is known as the gateway to Garkha . Himalayas Himalayan peaks of India and Nepal such as Panchchuli and Annapurna are visible from the village. Ogla is rich in Pinus roxburghii , Rhododendron , Myrica , and Quercus forest with rich Bryophyte and Pteridophyte flora . Category Hill stations in India Category Villages in Pithoragarh district Uttarakhand geo stub sv Kumaun ... more details
Taxobox name Isoetes appalachiana status G4 status system TNC status ref ref name natureserve Cite web publisher NatureServe title Isoetes appalachiana work NatureServe Explorer url http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Isoetes appalachiana accessdate 2007 12 19 ref regnum Plant ae divisio Lycopodiophyta classis Isoetopsida ordo Isoetales familia Isoetaceae genus Isoetes species I. appalachiana binomial Isoetes appalachiana binomial authority D.F.Brunton & D.M.Britton synonyms Isoetes engelmannii var. georgiana small Engelm. small Isoetes appalachiana , commonly known as the Appalachian quillwort not to be confused with its close relative Isoetes engelmannii , which shares the same common name , is an aquatic pteridophyte that is widely distributed in the eastern United States . It is most frequently encountered at low to middle elevations of the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania , though its range extends from there south to Florida and Alabama along the eastern slopes of the mountains. It is a tetraploid and is grouped in the Isoetes engelmannii complex. ref name natureserve References reflist External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ISAP Profile at USDA PLANTS Database Category Isoetes appalachiana Category Lycophyte species Lycophyte stub az Isoetes appalachiana ... more details
Ferdinand Joseph L Herminier 1802 1866 was a French botanist and zoologist born in Basse Terre , Guadeloupe . He was the son of naturalist F lix Louis L Herminier 1779 1833 , and a student of Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville 1777 1850 , of whom he published a revision of works in 1827. As a botanist , L Herminier specialized in the study of pteridophyte s and bryophytes of Guadeloupe. Alone, and with his father he performed ornithology ornithological studies on Guadeloupe, however these notes and specimens were destroyed during the earthquake of 1843. As a physician, he was director of the island s hospital, and in 1866 died at Pointe Pitre . botanist L Herm. L Herminier, Ferdinand Joseph References Reflist This article is based on a translation of an article from the French Wikipedia. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Lherminier, Ferdinand Joseph ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1802 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1866 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Lherminier, Ferdinand Joseph Category French botanists Category French ornithologists Category 1802 births Category 1866 deaths France botanist stub France zoologist stub Ornithologist stub es Ferdinand Joseph L Herminier fr Ferdinand Joseph L Herminier pt Ferdinand Joseph L Herminier ... more details
Image Liverwort prothallus.jpg thumb right Liverwort Prothallus A prothallium , or prothallus from Latin pro forwards and Greek language Greek thallos twig is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte , i.e. a spore bearing plant with vascular tissue . Occasionally the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a Marchantiophyta liverwort or Sphagnum peat moss as well. The prothallium develops from a Germination germinating spore . It is a short lived and inconspicuous heart shaped structure typically 2 5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoid s root like hairs growing underneath, and the sex organs archegonium female and antheridium male . Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs . Image Dixonia prothallus.jpg thumb right 250px Prothallus of the tree fern Dicksonia antarctica note new moss plants for scale Alternation of generations Pteridophyte Spore bearing plants , like all plants, go through a life cycle of alternation of generations . The fully grown sporophyte , what the layman refers to as the fern , produces genetically unique spore s in the sori by meiosis . The haploid spores fall from the sporophyte and germinate by mitosis , given the right conditions, into the gametophyte stage, the prothallus. The prothallus then develops independently for several weeks it grows sex organs and produces ovum ova and sperm flagellated sperm . After rainfall, the sperm are able to swim to the ova for fertilization to form a diploid sporophyte cell. This cell divides by mitosis and grows out of the gametophyte into a new fern, which will produce new spores that will grow into new prothallia etc., thus completing the life cycle of the organism . Advantages of alternation of generations There are two important evolutionary advantages to the alternation of generations plant life cycle. Firstly, by ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Isoetes engelmannii image Isoetes engelmannii 001 pvd.jpg image width 250px image caption Line drawing from Britton & Brown s 1913 Illustrated Flora of the Northern States, Canada, and British Possessions status G4 status system TNC status ref ref name natureserve Cite web publisher NatureServe title Isoetes engelmanii work NatureServe Explorer url http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Isoetes engelmannii accessdate 2007 12 19 ref regnum Plant ae divisio Lycopodiophyta classis Isoetopsida ordo Isoetales familia Isoetaceae genus Isoetes species I. engelmanii binomial Isoetes engelmanii binomial authority A.Braun. Isoetes engelmannii , commonly known as Engelmann s quillwort or Appalachian quillwort not to be confused with the newly described Isoetes appalachiana , is an aquatic pteridophyte and is the most widely distributed species of its genus in eastern North America . Its range extends from Ontario in the north, south to Florida and west Arkansas and Missouri .It can be found from April to October in temporary pools, bogs, marshes, stream edges, swamps and along wet roadsides. Description Isoetes engelmannii is an emergant aquatic perennial pteridophyte . The rootstock rhizomorph is almost globose and normally has 2 lobes. The bright green, pliable leaf leaves are evergreen and become paler towards the base and gradually taper to a point at the apex. They are typically about 60 cm in length, but they range from 10cm up to 90 cm long. They are arranged spirally. The wall of the sporangium typically lacks any pigment, but sometimes it may be streaked with brown. The wikt velum velum covers less than a quarter of the sporangium. The megaspore s are white in colour and measure 400 to 560 m in diameter. Their texture is reticulate i.e. net like and the lamella mycology lamella te ridges are unbroken. The girdle that runs between these ridges is obscured by the heavy reticulation. The microspore s are grey in colour ... more details
refimprove date March 2011 Italic title Taxobox name Arthropleura image Fossil Footprints Arthropleura geograph.org.uk 1994274.jpg image caption Remaining footprints, Laggan Harbour, Isle of Arran, Scotland fossil range fossil range Late Carboniferous Early Permian regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Myriapoda classis Arthropleurida This may be a subgroup of Diplopoda millipedes ordo Arthropleuridea ordo authority Waterlot, 1934 familia Arthropleuridae familia authority Zittel, 1848 genus extinction Arthropleura genus authority Jordan & Meyer, 1854 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Arthropleura armata Arthropleura moyseyii Arthropleura Greek for rib joint was a 0.3 2.6 metre 1 8.5 feet long relative of centipede s and millipede s, native to the Upper Carboniferous Ma 340 280 of what is now northeastern North America and Scotland . It is the largest known land invertebrate of all time, and would have had few predator s. Description and behavior What Arthropleura ate is a matter of debate among scientist s, as none of the fossil s have the mouth preserved. However, it is reasonably certain that it would have had a sharp and powerful set of jaw s. Based on this assumption, it used to be thought that Arthropleura was carnivorous , but recently discovered fossils have been found with fern pteridophyte spore s in the gut and in associated coprolite s, ref cite journal author A. C. Scott, W. G. Chaloner & S. Paterson year 1985 title Evidence of pteridophyte arthropod interactions in the fossil record journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh volume 86B pages 133 140 url http eprints.rhul.ac.uk 87 1 34Scottetal1985.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF ref suggesting that the creature ate plant s. Fossilized footprints from Arthropleura have been found in many places. These appear as long, parallel rows of small prints, which show that it moved quickly across the forest floor, swerving to avoid obstacles, such as trees and rocks. Arthro ... more details
Taxobox name Ophioglossales image Botrychium 4.jpg image width 200px image caption Botrychium lunaria regnum Plantae divisio Pteridophyta classis Psilotopsida ordo Ophioglossales ordo authority Link subdivision ranks Families and Genera subdivision Family Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum incl. Cheiroglossa the adders tongues Helminthostachys Mankyua Family Botrychiaceae Moonwort Botrychium incl. Grape fern Botrypus Botrypus virginianus Botrypus the rattlesnake fern Sceptridium the grape ferns Ophioglossales lit. snake tongue plant are a small group of pteridophyte plant s. Traditionally they are included in the division Pteridophyta , the fern s, originally as a family and later as the order Ophioglossales . In some classifications this group is placed in a separate division, the Ophioglossophyta , but recent molecular systematic studies have shown the Ophioglossales to be closely related to the Psilotales . The most recent classification by Smith et al. 2006 places these two orders together in class Psilotopsida . ref name Smith 2006 cite journal doi 10.2307 25065646 last Smith first Alan R. coauthors Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, & Paul G. Wolf year 2006 title A classification for extant ferns url http www.pryerlab.net publication fichier749.pdf format PDF journal Taxon volume 55 issue 3 pages 705 731 jstor 25065646 ref Ophioglossales contains a single family, Ophioglossaceae, which in some classifications is sometimes split into two or three families, the Ophioglossum adders tongues , Ophioglossaceae , and the moonwort s and grape ferns, Botrychiaceae . The distinct species Helminthostachys zeylanica is sometimes given its own family, Helminthostachyaceae. A recently discovered species and new genus, Mankyua chejuense , makes the picture more complicated. Most recent treatments of the Ophioglossoids have treated all of them in Ophioglossaceae. The plants have short lived spore s formed in sporangium sporangia lacking an annulus ... more details
one source date November 2011 Rhizoids are specialized root like tissues that are similar in design and function to the roots of more developed land plants but without forming a true organ. They are found primarily projecting from the base or bottom of more basal plant groups such as bryophyte s and pteridophyte s, as well as non plant groups such as fungi , and some algae . Rhizoids are a single tissue , whereas roots themselves are organs composed of multiple tissues that collectively carry out a common function. Plants originated in water, from where they gradually migrated to land during their long course of evolution. In water or near it, plants could absorb water from their surroundings, with no need for any special absorbing organ or tissue. Additionally, in the primitive states of plant development, tissue differentiation and division of labor was minimal, thus the requirement for specialized water absorbing tissue was not required. Once plants colonized land however, they required specialized tissues to absorb water efficiently, and also to anchor themselves to the land. Rhizoids absorb water by capillary action, in which water moves up between threads of rhizoids and not through each of them as it does in roots. In fungi , rhizoids are small branching hyphae that grow downwards from the stolon s that anchor the fungus to the Substrate biology substrate , where they release digestive enzyme s and absorb digested organic material. That is why fung are called heterotrophs by absortion. In land plants, rhizoids are trichome s that anchor the plant to the ground. In the Marchantiophyta liverworts , they are absent or unicellular, but multicelled in moss es. In vascular plant s they are often called Trichome Root hairs root hairs , and may be unicellular or multicellular. In certain algae , there is an extensive rhizoidal system that allows the alga to anchor itself to a sandy Substrate from which it can absorb nutrients. ref http www.sciencedirect.com science ... more details
The Blatter Herbarium , in St. Xavier s College, Bombay , is a major Herbarium in India . It is listed in the Index Herbariorum , published by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy and New York Botanical Garden . The Herbarium specializes in the vascular plants of western India algae, mosses, and fungi of Mumbai seed samples of medicinally and economically important plants of Maharashtra , and wood samples of Maharashtra. The institute holds the largest botanical collection in western India. History The Herbarium was founded by the Jesuit priest and taxonomist, Ethelbert Blatter , SJ. It was renamed in his honour in 1941 by his associate and director of the Herbarium, Father Henry Santapau, Jesuit SJ . Father Santapau went on to direct the Botanical Survey of India, and was recognized by the Indian Government with a Padmashri in 1964 for his services to Indian botany. The two priests are regarded as pioneers in Indian plant taxonomy, and contributed over 500 scientific articles to various journals. They also wrote a number of books, like The Flora of Aden, Arabia Beautiful Flowers of Kashmir The Bombay Grasses Palms of Asia Orchids of Bombay Medicinal and Poisonous plants of India Flora of Khandala Acanthaceae of Bombay , and Trees of Bombay . The Herbarium is currently engaged in a variety of national projects, including surveys of medicinally and economically important plants of Western Maharashtra, the flora of Ratnagiri District, ethnobiology of Goa Tribals, and the trees of Mumbai. Many scholars make use of the institute s facilities to conduct post graduate and doctoral studies. Collections The Herbarium contains a flowering plants collection that dates back to 1816, with over 3,00,000 specimens from all over India. It maintains type materials for about 400 plants which have been identified as new species over a period of time. It holds large alga , fungus , bryophyte , pteridophyte and gymnosperm collections. It also has obtained specimens from reg ... more details
Image Nikko Botanical Garden, Japan 1.jpg thumb right 250px Nikko Botanical Garden in winter The nihongo Nikko Botanical Garden Nikk Shokubutsuen 26 acres, 10.5 hectares, 104,490 m is a botanical garden operated by the Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo , and located at 1842 Hanaishi, Nikk , Tochigi , Japan, on rolling terrain with streams and ponds at 647 meters above sea level. It is open daily except Mondays during the warmer months an admission fee is charged. The garden was established in 1902 as a branch of the Koishikawa Botanical Garden , Tokyo, to specialize in the study of alpine plant s. It was first located near Toshogu Shrine , but in 1911 moved to its current site, and in 1950 enlarged to include part of the Tamozawa Goyotei garden, a summer house of Japan s royal family. Today the garden contains about 2,200 species 130 species of pteridophyte s, 70 species of gymnosperm s, and 2,000 species of angiosperm s , with good collections of temperate trees and shrubs, including 22 of the 24 indigenous Japanese Acer genus Acer species, more than 10 species of Japanese Prunus , and 80 rhododendron species. Many herbaceous species are grown beneath the trees, as well as more specialized collections in rockeries, bog gardens, and a fern garden about 60 species . The rockeries contain about 100 species of Japanese alpine plants, together with plants from the Himalayas and Korea . gallery Image Nikko Botanical Garden, Japan 2.jpg Image Nikko Botanical Garden, Japan 3.jpg Image Nikko Botanical Garden, Japan 4.jpg Image Newton s apple tree in the Botanical Gardens, the University of Tokyo.jpg Image Old water well of Koishikawa Yojosho.jpg gallery See also List of botanical gardens in Japan References and external links http www.bg.s.u tokyo.ac.jp nikko NikkoBGe.html Nikko Botanical Garden http www.nikko jp.org english shigai plant.html Nikko Tourist Association coord 36 45 N 139 36 E region JP type city display title Category Botanical gardens in ... more details
Taxobox regnum Plant ae divisio Pteridophyta classis Pteridopsida ordo Salviniales familia Marsileaceae genus Marsilea species M. drummondii binomial Marsilea drummondii binomial authority A.Braun Marsilea drummondii is a species of fern known by the common name nardoo . It is native to Australia, where it is widespread and common, particularly in inland regions. It is a rhizome rhizomatous perennial aquatic plant aquatic fern that roots in mud substrates and produces herbage that floats on the surface of quiet water bodies. It occurs in water up to one meter deep. ref name anbg http www.anbg.gov.au cpbr WfHC Marsilea drummondii index.html Marsilea drummondii . Australian National Botanic Gardens ANBG . ref It occurs in abundance after flood s. ref name thomas Thomas, A. http www.abc.net.au science articles 2007 03 08 2041341.htm Nardoo, the desert fern. ABC Science. March 8, 2007 ref It can form mats on the water s surface and cover the ground in carpets as floodwaters recede. It is variable in appearance and occurs in many types of wetland habitat. In general the frond is made up of two pairs of leaflets and is borne erect when not floating. The plant produces Sporocarp ferns sporocarps which can remain viable for 50 years and only release spores after being thoroughly soaked. ref name anbg The sporocarps are biological dispersal dispersed by birds that eat them but cannot digest them, and by flowing water. ref name anbg The sporocarp is used for food by Australian Aborigines , who collect and grind them to powder which they mix with water to make a dough . ref name anbg ref name peru Perumal, G. 2010 . http ethnoleaflets.com leaflets pterido.htm Ethnomedicinal use of pteridophyte from Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14 161. ref ref http www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au education Resources bush foods Marsilea drummondii Marsilea drummondii . Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney. ref The sporocarp can be toxic due to high levels of thiamina ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Isoetes valida status G4 status system TNC status ref ref name natureserve Cite web publisher NatureServe title Isoetes valida work NatureServe Explorer url http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Isoetes valida accessdate 2007 12 20 ref regnum Plant ae divisio Lycopodiophyta classis Isoetopsida ordo Isoetales familia Isoetaceae genus Isoetes species I. valida binomial Isoetes valida binomial authority Engelm. Clute synonyms I. caroliniana br I. engelmannii var. caroliniana br I. engelmannii var. valida Isoetes valida , commonly known as the strong quillwort or true quillwort , is an aquatic pteridophyte native to eastern North America . It is found primarily in the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania south to Alabama and Georgia U.S. state Georgia . In addition, one collection of the plant was made in a railway ditch in Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington , Delaware in the 1860s, but this was most likely an accidental introduction. ref name britton citation last Brunton first Daniel F. Britton, Donald M. journal American Fern Journal volume 86 year 1996 pages 16 25 title Taxonomy and Distribution of Isoetes valida doi 10.2307 1547604 issue 1 jstor 1547604 author2 Britton, Donald M publisher American Fern Society ref ref name flora Citation last Taylor first W. Carl Luebke, Neil T. Britton, Donald M. Hickey, R. James Brunton, Daniel F. contribution Isoetes caroliniana year 1993 title Flora of North America editor last Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993 volume 2 contribution url http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 250076850 place New York & Oxford publisher Oxford University Press ref References reflist External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ISVA2 Profile at USDA PLANTS Database http www.efloras.org object page.aspx?object id 86511&flora id 1 Range Map from Flora of North America http www.efloras.org object page.aspx?object id 86492&flora id 1 Illustration from ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Isoetes tegetiformans image Isoetes tegetiformans.jpg status G1 status system TNC status ref ref name natureserve Cite web publisher NatureServe title Isoetes tegetiformans work NatureServe Explorer url http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Isoetes tegetiformans accessdate 2008 01 25 ref regnum Plant ae divisio Lycopodiophyta classis Isoetopsida ordo Isoetales familia Isoetaceae genus Isoetes species I. tegetiformans binomial Isoetes tegetiformans binomial authority Rury Isoetes tegetiformans , commonly known as mat forming quillwort or mat forming Merlin s grass , is an aquatic pteridophyte endemism endemic to the U.S. States U.S. State of Georgia U.S. state Georgia . It grows exclusively in shallow, temporary pools on granite outcrops, often with only 2 cm of soil. Only 7 populations are known to exist, and three of these have been destroyed since the plant s discovery in 1976. The remaining populations are threatened with habitat destruction due to quarrying, though the species is protected under the Endangered Species Act U.S. Endangered Species Act . New leaves quickly sprout after fall and winter rains, but during the dry summer months these typically shrivel. ref name natureserve ref Cite book last Taylor first W. Carl Luebke, Neil T. Britton, Donald M. Hickey, R. James Brunton, Daniel F. contribution Isoetes tegetiformans year 1993 title Flora of North America editor last Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993 volume 2 contribution url http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 250076859 place New York & Oxford publisher Oxford University Press postscript None ref File Mat forming quillwort Isoetes tegetiformans .JPG left thumb Mat forming quillwort Isoetes tegetiformans References reflist External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ISTE Profile at USDA PLANTS Database http www.efloras.org object page.aspx?object id 86524&flora id 1 Range Map from Flora of North Ame ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Isoetes melanospora status G1 status system TNC status ref ref name natureserve Cite web publisher NatureServe title Isoetes melanospora work NatureServe Explorer url http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Isoetes melanospora accessdate 2008 01 28 ref regnum Plant ae divisio Lycopodiophyta classis Isoetopsida ordo Isoetales familia Isoetaceae genus Isoetes species I. melanospora binomial Isoetes melanospora binomial authority George Engelmann Engelm. Isoetes melanospora , commonly known as black spored quillwort or black spored Merlin s grass , is a rare and endangered aquatic pteridophyte endemic to the U.S. States of Georgia U.S. state Georgia and South Carolina . It grows exclusively in shallow, temporary pools on granite outcrops, often with only 2 cm of soil. 11 populations are known to exist in Georgia, while only one has been recorded in South Carolina, though this population is believed to be extirpated. The number of sites has dropped from 18 following its discovery due to habitat destruction caused by quarrying, trash dumping and trampling. New leaves quickly sprout after fall and winter rains, but during the dry summer months these typically shrivel. ref name natureserve ref Cite book last Taylor first W. Carl Luebke, Neil T. Britton, Donald M. Hickey, R. James Brunton, Daniel F. contribution Isoetes melanospora year 1993 title Flora of North America editor last Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993 volume 2 contribution url http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 1&taxon id 250076860 place New York & Oxford publisher Oxford University Press postscript None ref The black spored quillwort, a federally listed endangered species , is sometimes found growing with Gratiola amphiantha pool sprite Amphianthus pusillus , another imperiled plant species. Both are protected at Stone Mountain in Georgia. ref name five USFWS. http ecos.fws.gov docs five year review doc1987.pdf Granite Outc ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mountain Spleenwort image Asplenium montanum specimen.jpg status G5 status system TNC regnum Plant ae divisio Pteridophyta classis Polypodiopsida ordo Polypodiales familia Aspleniaceae genus Asplenium species A. montanum binomial Asplenium montanum binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. Asplenium montanum is commonly known as the mountain spleenwort , a simple reflection of the scientific name. Description It is a small but intricately divided fern. Taxonomy The mountain spleenwort is the parent of a number of Asplenium hybrids including species of hybrid origin , most notably the species Bradley s spleenwort , Asplenium bradleyi , and the lobed spleenwort , Asplenium pinnatifidum . Distribution and habitat A. montanum is found on acid rocks. sfn Lellinger 1985 p 243 Typically, it grows in rock crevices sfn Lellinger 1985 p 243 into which moisture seeps from within the rock strata. It is found in the Appalachian Mountains from Vermont and Massachusetts southwestward to Tennessee , Alabama , and Georgia U.S. state Georgia , and to a lesser extent in the Ohio Valley in Ohio , Indiana , and Kentucky . One outlying population in Missouri is considered historical. sfn Kartesz 2010 A collection from the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan was considered valid by M. L. Fernald , but is of questionable authenticity the population has never been relocated. sfn Drife Drife 1990 file Asplenium montanum parsons.GIF left 250px thumb Illustration from How to Know the Ferns by Frances Theodora Parsons 1899 illustration by Marion Satterlee Citations reflist References citation first1 Donald C. last1 Drife first2 Joyce E. last2 Drife title Oliver A. Farwell s early pteridophyte records from the Keweenaw Peninsula journal Michigan Botanist volume 29 year 1990 pages 89 96 citation first John T. last Kartesz chapter Asplenium title Biota of North America Program year 2010 url http www.bonap.org BONAPmaps2010 Asplenium.html citation first David B. last Lellinge ... more details
Lycopodium powder is a yellow tan dust like powder historically used as a flash powder . It is composed of the dry spore s of clubmoss plants, various pteridophyte fern relatives principally in the genera Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum . When mixed with air, the spores are highly flammable because of their high fat content and their large surface area per unit of volume a single spore s diameter is about 33 micrometre micrometers m , ref http en.wikipedia.org wiki Lycopodium powder ivcov , Z.Gregorov , E.Pabst, W., Porous alumina ceramics produced with lycopodium spores as pore forming agents Journal of Materials Science, v 42,i 20 p 8760 8764 ref requiring about 30 laid side by side to span a millimeter, or 750 to span an inch. Preferred source species are Lycopodium clavatum Lycopodium clavatum wolf s foot clubmoss and Diphasiastrum digitatum Diphasiastrum digitatum common groundcedar because these widespread and often locally abundant species are both prolific in their spore production and easy to collect. fact date September 2011 The principal early use of lycopodium powder was in photography , to provide the extra light needed for portraits and other low light photography before the invention of flash photography flash bulb s. It has also been used in fireworks and explosive s, fingerprint powder s, as a covering for Pill pharmacy pill s, and as an ice cream stabilizer. Today, the principal use of the powder is to create flashes or flames that are large and impressive but relatively easy to manage safely in magic paranormal magic acts and for movie theatre cinema and theater theatrical special effects . Lycopodium powder is also sometimes used as a lubricating dust on skin contacting Natural rubber latex natural rubber goods, such as condom s and medical gloves . ref http www.nhm.ac.uk nature online species of the day scientific advances industry lycopodium clavatum commercial uses index.html Commercial uses Lycopodium Powder . Natural History Museum . ref In p ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Leather ferns image Acrostichum aureum wk sori.jpg caption A. aureum , showing sori regnum Plant ae divisio Pteridophyta classis Pteridopsida ordo Polypodiales familia Pteridaceae subfamilia Ceratopteridoideae genus Acrostichum genus authority L. subdivision ranks Species Acrostichum aureum Acrostichum danaeifolium Acrostichum speciosum synonyms small Chrysodium F e small Image Acros aure 080627 0097 smlu.jpg left thumb A. aureum growing in Indonesia Acrostichum is a fern genus in the Ceratopteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae . ref name Christenhusz 2011 It was one of the original Pteridophyta pteridophyte genera delineated by Linnaeus . It was originally drawn very broadly, including all ferns that had sori apparently acrostichoid , or distributed in a solid mass across the back of the frond, rather than organized in discrete sori. This led Linnaeus to include such species as Asplenium platyneuron in the genus, because the specimen he received had sori so crowded that it appeared acrostichoid. Since Acrostichum aureum is regarded as the type for the genus, it is now narrowly circumscribed only to the natural genus of three species, that are allied to the genus Ceratopteris . They are collectively known as the leather ferns or leather swamp ferns , genus members commonly being found in swamps. The species of Acrostichum are massive ferns, with fronds up to 12 feet 3.5 meters tall, that depend on a semi aquatic existence. They do not withstand prolonged immersion, but require wet roots. The species Acrostichum aureum is known to have a high saltwater tolerance, growing in mangrove s. Species Acrostichum aureum small L. small Acrostichum danaeifolium small Langsd. Fisch. small Acrostichum speciosum small Willd. small Acrostichum preaureum fossil plant. References Reflist refs ref name Christenhusz 2011 http www.mapress.com phytotaxa content 2011 f pt00019p054.pdf Christenhusz et al. , 2011 Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian Chun Zhang & H ... more details
The endemic species of Taiwan are organism s that are Endemic ecology endemic to the island of Taiwan &mdash that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth . Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan. align center id toc style width 90 style background pink align center width 20 Category align center width 20 Total species align center width 20 Endemic species & ssp. align center width 20 Percentages align center List of mammals in Taiwan Mammals 70 align left 45 64 align center List of birds in Taiwan Birds 450 align left 84 19 align center List of reptiles in Taiwan Reptiles 85 align left 27 32 align center List of amphibians in Taiwan Amphibians 32 align left 10 31 align center List of freshwater fishes in Taiwan Freshwater Fishes 220 align left 36 16 align center List of butterflies in Taiwan Butterflies 400 align left 50 13 align center Total 1,257 align left 252 20 Percentages of endemism endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan. ref Hsieh, C. F. 2002 Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47 4 298 310. ref align center id toc style width 90 style background lightgreen align center width 20 Category align center width 20 Total native species align center width 20 Endemic species & ssp. align center width 20 Percentages align center Pteridophyte s 629 align left 72 11 align center Gymnosperm s 28 align left 18 64 align center Dicotyledon s 2,410 align left 750 31 align center Monocotyledon s 1,010 align left 227 23 align center Total 4,077 align left 1,067 26 Endemic mammals style clear right padding 7px background none align right Image .jpg 150px thumb Formosan Serow Image Formosan macaque.jpg 150px thumb Formosan Macaque Order Artiodactyla Even toed Ungulates Formosan Serow Naemorhedus swinhoei Gray Order Insectivora Shrews Formosan Shrew Soriculus fumidus Thomas Tada s Shrew Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano Koshun Shrew Soriculus sodalis Thomas Order Rodent ia Rodents Formosan Field Vole A ... more details
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