unreferenced date December 2011 Maryland PublicInterestResearchGroup MaryPIRG is a student activism student activist non profit organization and one of many PIRG State PIRGs . It works on a variety of local activist activities, including environmentalism environmental activism , textbook trading on college campuses, and help for the homeless. They also provide internship s and work study jobs for students at the University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland . In the summer of 2005, MaryPIRG began work on a campaign to reduce nitrogen pollution in the Chesapeake Bay , a major component both in Maryland s environment and economy. In addition to the student chapter, MaryPIRG also has a full office in both Baltimore and Washington, D.C. . Category PublicInterestResearch Groups Category Government watchdog groups in the United States Category Political advocacy groups in the United States Category University of Maryland, College Park Category Non profit organizations based in Maryland PublicInterestResearchGroup Category University of Maryland Student Organizations Nonprofit org stub ... more details
External links http www.nypirg.org New York PublicInterestResearchGroup official website NYTtopic organizations n new york publicinterestresearchgroup Category PublicInterestResearch Groups ... in New York Category New York PublicInterestResearchGroup, Inc. sv New York PublicInterestResearchGroup ... more details
Massachusetts PublicInterestResearchGroup MASSPIRG is a non profit organization that is one of the largest of the state PublicInterestResearch Groups PIRG organizations. It works on a variety of political activities, including textbook trading on college campuses. They also provide internship s and work study jobs for students on Massachusetts college campuses.Along with the Massachusetts Service Alliance , MASSPIRG helped create Massachusetts Community Water Watch, an organization that works specifically on environmental political issues. MassPIRG has come under fire in several schools, where students wish to see PIRGS funding cut. History The PublicInterestResearch Groups emerged at the behest of Ralph Nader who, during a college speaking tour, called on students to form political groups. Criticism and Rebuttal The book Activism, Inc How the Outsourcing of Grassroots Campaigns Is Strangling Progressive Politics in America by Columbia University sociologist Dana Fisher, is based on an ethnographic study she did in a stratified random sample of fund canvass offices during the summer of 2003. Fisher charges the corporatized fundraising model of which the Fund is an example with mistreating idealistic young people by using them as interchangeable parts and providing them with insufficient training Fisher also believes that the outsourcing of grassroots organizing by groups like the Sierra Club and Greenpeace to organizations like the Fund has led to the decay of grassroots infrastructure and opportunities for involvement on the left A summary of this book can be found at http www.sup.org html book pages 0804752176 Press 20Release.pdf . 6 7 The Fund has created a website ... Water Watch Category PublicInterestResearch Groups Category Government watchdog groups in the United ... Margie Alt Frank Gorke Surf Del Mar Joyce Elaine Roop Affiliate Organizations the Fund for PublicInterestResearch Environment Massachusetts Human Rights Campaign Sierra Club References references ... more details
00166.xml historical records of MPIRG are available for research use at the http www.mnhs.org Minnesota Historical Society. references Category PublicInterestResearch Groups Category Government ... together in collective action to advocate in the publicinterest, and to use the activity fees they collected ... advocates in the public policy arena. MPIRG s unique strategy to empower students has led to an impressive ... MPIRG research and legislation created a state ban on fluorocarbons . 1978 Passed the Boundary Waters ... legislation in the nation to stop Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation SLAPP , which ... more details
For the public radio show formerly named PublicInterest Kojo Nnamdi for the journal The PublicInterest Politics Refimprove date December 2009 The publicinterest refers to the common well being or general welfare. The publicinterest is central to policy debate s, politics, democracy and the nature ... is positive, there is little, if any, consensus on what exactly constitutes the publicinterest ... Dictionary, Publicinterest means the people s general welfare and well being something in which the populace as a whole has a stake. ref http law.yourdictionary.com publicinterest Law.yourdictionary.com ref According to the Random House Dictionary, Publicinterest is 1. the welfare or well being of the general ... interest. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse publicinterest Dictionary.reference.com ref Economist Lok Sang Ho in his Public Policy and the PublicInterest Routledge, 2012, published 2011 argues that the publicinterest must be assessed impartially and therefore defines the publicinterest ... benefit or suffer from a change, the publicinterest is by definition enhanced whenever that change ... approach The definitions of publicinterest based on the ex post or consequential approach ... before it can be declared to be in the publicinterest at one extreme, an action has to benefit every single member of society in order to be truly in the publicinterest at the other extreme, any action can be in the publicinterest as long as it benefits some of the population and harms none. But these extreme ... go along with the change, if the change is in the publicinterest. Hicks stated that the losers must NOT be able to bribe the gainers from forgoing the change, if the change is good for the publicinterest ... to a consensus and agree that the change enhances the publicinterest. But it should be clear that some acts in the publicinterest can be bad for some individuals. There may be an agreement that some ... ante approach to the definition of the publicinterest would encompass this. Publicinterest law According ... more details
The PublicInterest 1965 2005 was a quarterly public policy journal founded by established New York intellectuals Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol in 1965. ref Irving Kristol, Forty good years, PublicInterest, Spring 2005, Issue 159, pp 5 11 is Kristol s retrospective in the final issue. ref It was a leading Neoconservatism neoconservative journal on political economy and culture, aimed at a readership of journalists, scholars, and policy makers. Its varied content included, e.g., the performance of the Great Society, the fate of social security, the character of Generation X , crime and punishment, love and courtship, the culture wars, the tax wars, the state of the underclass, the salaries of the overclass . It eschewed foreign and defense policy. ref name foreign cite book url http books.google.com ?id SJK OheaZIMC&lpg PA254&dq 22The 20Public 20Interest 22 20Kristol 20 22 foreign 7Cdefense 20policy 22&pg PA254 v onepage&q 22The 20Public 20Interest 22 20Kristol 20 22 foreign 7Cdefense 20policy 22 title Foreign policy theories, actors, cases authorlink Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield, Timothy Dunne publisher Oxford University Press date 2008 accessdate 2010 08 20 p. 254 ...arguments for US domestic, social, and economic arrangements were featured in the pages of The PublicInterest, edited by Kristol, while foreign policy issues were debated within the pages of Commentary... isbn 9780199215294 ref The magazine published such prominent writers and scholars as Seymour Martin Lipset ... publisher The PublicInterest date 2005 05 25 accessdate 2008 09 17 ref See also Irving Kristol Conservatism ... Charles Krauthammer writes on The PublicInterest s folding in the Washington Post http www.nationalaffairs.com archive publicinterest default.asp The PublicInterest Archives at National Affairs DEFAULTSORT PublicInterest, The Category American political magazines Category Defunct political magazines ... of public policy. Kristol relocated to Washington and took the magazine with him. In the early ... more details
The Center for Medicine in the PublicInterest CMPI is a non profit medical issues researchgroup that is partially funded by the pharmaceutical industry. ref cite news first Matthew last Herper title The Nissen Doctrine url http www.forbes.com sciencesandmedicine 2007 07 24 avandia diabetes nissen biz sci cx mh 0725avandia.html work Forbes date 2007 07 25 accessdate 2008 01 14 ref According to the its critics, it was originally a project of the Pacific Research Institute , an older corporate front established in conjunction with Philip Morris USA Philip Morris to fabricate academic support for the tobacco industry. ref name CAP cite web url http thinkprogress.org 2009 11 18 cmpi front group title Exclusive Attacks On Health Reform Orchestrated By Yet Another Shadowy Corporate Front Group CMPI last Lee Fang date Nov 18th, 2009 publisher Center for American Progress accessdate 19 November 2009 ref CMPI s agenda is research driven and deals with clinical outcomes and econometric studies that analyze the value of new medicines and genomic and molecular based medical innovation. It claims to do this from the consumer s perspective. CMPI is a 501 c 3 organization and as such is not permitted to devote a substantial part of its activity to lobbying, but its officers have written articles on various issues including price controls on pharmaceutical products in publicly funded healthcare schemes in the United States ref cite news first Robert last Goldberg title HillaryCare Comes Back url http www.weeklystandard.com Content Protected Articles 000 000 013 092fxiit.asp?pg 1 work The Weekly ... MAIN 20060705T003500 0018 work Economist Intelligence Unit publisher Economist Group date 2006 07 05 ... 0708 11570.html ref the pharmaceutical industry trade group Pfizer ref name politico the world s largest ... links http www.cmpi.org Official site References reflist DEFAULTSORT Center For Medicine In The PublicInterest Category Political and economic think tanks in the United States ... more details
Law Research and Guidance Foundation India More judgments on PublicInterest Environmental ...wikify reason quotes should be in italics instead of bold date September 2011 In Indian law , PublicInterest Litigation PIL OR means litigation for the protection of the publicinterest . It is litti .... In PublicInterest Litigation, the power to file a suit is given to a member of the public by the courts ... in cases where publicinterest is at stake. P. N. Bhagwati Justice P. N. Bhagwati and V. R. Krishna ... pil pil 10720.htm Introduction to PublicInterest Litigation ref Interference made by Courts in PublicInterest Litigations The Bombay High Court on 31 August 2006 directed the broadcasters ... s orders by tomorrow, in view of larger publicinterest. A division bench comprising Justices R M Lodha and S A Bubbey were hearing a PublicInterest Litigation PIL filed by Professor Pratibha ... to the police. Frivolous PILs PublicInterest Litigation is a RULE OF DECLRED LAW by the Courts of Record ... that the petition is being filed for a larger publicinterest and not just as a frivolous litigation ... S. H. Kapadia said huge costs would be imposed on litigants filing frivolous publicinterest litigation ... misuse of publicinterest litigation to wage business battles. A writ petition was filed in the Gujarat ... Act. The court must ensure that such unscrupulous and undesirable publicinterest litigation be not instituted ... s decision was on a publicinterest petition filed by one S Mangati Gopal Reddy, who alleged in court ... that judiciary has to be extremely careful to see that behind the beautiful veil of publicinterest ... to Court PublicInterest Litigation and the Public Sphere in Metropolitan India was originally published ... lived with dignity. Such cases may occur in publicinterest when the victims do not have the necessary ... Council s LEGAL eNEWS compares Indian and British experiences on publicinterest litigation http www.helplinelaw.com docs pub i litigation index.php Publicinterest litigation described on Helplinelaw ... more details
Infobox organization name PublicInterest Oversight Board bgcolor fgcolor image Pioblogo.jpg image border size alt caption map msize malt mcaption abbreviation motto formation 28 February 2005 extinction type Regulatory body status purpose Ensure that accountancy standards are in the publicinterest headquarters location region served membership language English leader title leader name main organ parent organization affiliations num staff num volunteers budget website http www.ipiob.org remarks The PublicInterest Oversight Board is an international body that oversees the International Federation of Accountants IFAC and seeks to improve the quality and publicinterest focus of the IFAC standards in the areas of audit, education, and ethics. ref name PIOBwhat Formation Creation of the PIOB in 2005 was triggered by a series of corporate scandals including the collapse of Enron and WorldCom in the United States and of Parmalat in Europe. These undermined public confidence in the conduct and competence of audit practitioners, leading to demand for an overhaul of the IFAC including an independent oversight body to ensure that all standards are in the publicinterest. ref cite web url http www.ipiob.org about why piob was created title Why the PIOB was created publisher PIOB accessdate 2011 06 07 ref The board was established through a collaborative effort by members of the international ... 2011 06 07 title International regulators and related organizations announce the PublicInterest ... of a PublicInterest Oversight Board for the International Accountancy Profession publisher FRC date 17 March 2005 accessdate 2011 06 07 ref Activities The PIOB oversees the publicinterest activities ... www.ifac.org About PIOB.php title PublicInterest Oversight Board publisher IFAC accessdate 2011 06 ... PublicInterest Oversight Board publisher Deloitte Global Services Limited. accessdate 2011 06 07 ... Deloitte Oversight The PIOB is accountable to the Monitoring Group, which is composed of the International ... more details
Infobox Organization name Center for Science in the PublicInterest image Centeresgtsd.jpg image border ... in the PublicInterest wants government to control our eating habits , Health Care News, May 2002 ... publisher Center for Science in the PublicInterest ref ref name CSPIFunding cite web accessdate 2008 ... Center for Science in the PublicInterest ref The organization receives about 5 to 10 percent of its ... for Science in the PublicInterest ref In 1998, the Center published a report entitled Liquid Candy ... in the PublicInterest. Project to Empower Students to Transform the Campus Drinking Culture Survival Skills for the Successful Advocate. Washington, DC Center for Science in the PublicInterest, n.d. ... Interest s Fourth National Integrity in Science Conference Rejuvenating Public Sector Science DEFAULTSORT Center For Science In The PublicInterest Category Advocacy groups Category Consumer organizations ... advocacy groups in the United States pt Center for Science in the PublicInterest sv Center for Science in the PublicInterest ... staff num volunteers budget website http cspinet.org cspinet.org remarks Center for Science in the PublicInterest CSPI is a Washington, D.C. based Non profit organization non profit watchdog journalism watchdog and consumer advocacy Advocacy groupgroup focusing on nutritional education and awareness ... policy. CSPI is headed by Michael F. Jacobson , who founded the group in 1971 along with James Sullivan ... date 1997 07 ref In 1994, the group first brought the issue of high saturated fat in movie popcorn to the public attention. In 2003, it worked with lawyer John F. Banzhaf III to pressure ice cream ... of Agriculture Department of Agriculture USDA into a single agency. Alcohol Policies Project The group ... group tries to wean the alcohol industry from full figured twins and other racy images . New York Times ... Reason ref Criticisms CSPI s public policy recommendations, and sometimes the organization s motivation ... more details
PublicInterest Watch PIW was established in September 2002 by Mike Hardiman . The PIW website states that the group was created in response to the growing misuse of charitable funds by nonprofit organizations and the lack of effort by government agencies to deal with the problem. In March 2006 the Wall Street Journal reported that PIW received approximately 95 of its funding from Exxon Mobil during the fiscal year ended July 31 2004. History PIW claims that it works to fight charitable trust abuse by exposing individual cases of abuse and advocating for stronger governmental oversight, including requirements for greater financial disclosure by charitable organizations . http www.publicinterestwatch.org about.htm In comments to the Internal Revenue Service IRS on possible changes to information required to be disclosed on Form 990 for non profit group s, PIW flagged some changes it wanted. US citizens, taxpayers and shareholders are entitled to know as much about the tax exempt entities to which the federal government provides tax subsidies, contracts or access to policy debates as they do ... Greenpeace under various laws, including the state s unfair business practice law. The PublicInterest ... information PublicInterest Watch br 1425 P Street, NW br Suite 706 br Washington, DC 20005 br http ... the Australian corporate think tank, the Institute of Public Affairs at an American Enterprise Institute ... of its claims to expertise, other than membership interest ii the qualifications of those who will speak or act on behalf of the organization iii the research undertaken by the tax exempt organization and iv whether the research has been assessed by independent peer review. In September 2003 PIW .... I don t have to reveal my funding because I am not mooching off the taxpayer. Contributions to PublicInterest Watch are not tax deductible, he said. http www.cnsnews.com ViewNation.asp?Page 5CNation ... headlines06 0322 10.htm US Did a Group Financed by Exxon Prompt IRS to Audit Greenpeace? , Wall ... more details
Overtime Class Action Suit Against the Fund for PublicInterestResearch Bot generated title ...refimprove date November 2007 The Fund for the PublicInterest formerly known as the Fund for PublicInterestResearch and generally referred to as the FFPIR or the Fund is a 501 c 4 non profit organization that runs the public fundraising and membership operations canvassing for several political nonprofit organizations. The FFPIR name reflects its origins as the fundraising arm of the PublicInterestResearch Groups PIRGs . Since the early 1980s, the Fund has also canvassed for other groups, working very closely with the Sierra Club , among others, but retains a special relationship with the PIRGs and other groups under the PIRG umbrella many PIRG employees direct Fund offices during the summer, many Fund offices share space with PIRG offices, and significant organizational infrastructure is shared between the Fund and the PIRGs. History The Fund was created in the 1980s to raise money and build membership for the State PIRGs. The Fund is now one of the largest grassroots political fundraising networks in the country, running more than 70 field offices for groups like the State PIRGs, the Sierra Club , Human Rights Campaign , and Environment America . FFPIR grew out of a MASSPIRG initiative campaign to pass the Bottle Bill where they first used door to door canvassing. The development of a membership and funding infrastructure independent of the campus chapters that had been until that time the center of the PIRG infrastructure reversed the decline in resources and influence that the PIRGs had been experiencing at that time, and initiated a shift in the PIRGs organizational model that saw the previously campus bound groups convert themselves into a mass membership lobbying ... title ref References reflist External links http www.fundforthepublicinterest.org Fund for the PublicInterest official website DEFAULTSORT Fund For The PublicInterest Category 501 c 4 nonprofit ... more details
Publicinterest immunity PII is a principle of English common law under which the English courts can grant a court order allowing one litigant to refrain from Discovery law disclosing evidence law evidence to the other litigants where disclosure would be damaging to the publicinterest . This is an exception to the usual rule that all parties in litigation must disclose any evidence that is relevant to the proceedings. In making a PII order, the court has to balance the publicinterest in the administration of justice which demands that relevant material is available to the parties to litigation and the publicinterest in maintaining the confidentiality of certain documents whose disclosure would ... the final decision on whether the balance of publicinterest was in favour of disclosure or not. Generally ... that a minister could discharge his duty by making his own judgment of where the publicinterest lies ... of children was clearly in the publicinterest and would be threatened by disclosure. Air Canada v. Secretary of State for Transport 1983 2 AC 384. A group of airline s claimed that the British Airports ... own judgment of where the publicinterest lies, and was not obliged to claim PII in all cases where it may be applicable. The Scott Inquiry found that publicinterest immunity certificates had been ... in the Matrix Churchill trial. Crown Prosecution Service v Paul Burrell 2002 A PublicInterest Immunity ... information would be harmful to the publicinterest and should not be made public. ref http www.guardian.co.uk ..., Nov 2002 ref Crown Prosecution Service v Cornish Stannary Parliament 2002 A PublicInterest Immunity ... and that measures restricting the rights of the defence so as to safeguard an important publicinterest ... PublicInterest Immunity http webjcli.ncl.ac.uk 1996 issue2 scott2.html The Use of PublicInterest Immunity ... it the first UK murder trial ever heard behind closed doors without access by press or public. A PublicInterest Immunity certificate was sought by the Home Secretary Jacqui Smith it was reported by the Times ... more details
PublicInterest Registry is a United States not for profit corporation created by the Internet Society in 2002 to manage the .org top level domain . It is incorporated in Pennsylvania . ref http www.isoc.org dotorg 10 8.shtml ref It took over the operation of the domain from VeriSign on 1 January 2003. Afilias manages the technical operations of the .org registry under a contract with the PublicInterest Registry. ref http www.pir.org about ref References reflist External links official http www.pir.org Category Domain name system Category Non profit organizations based in Pennsylvania Compu domain stub de PublicInterest Registry fr PublicInterest Registry ta ... more details
Under common law , publicinterest privilege prevents the compulsory disclosure of documents or information which is against the publicinterest. There is a balance between public interests if the publicinterest in secrecy is greater than the publicinterest in disclosure, it will be privileged. The publicinterest in disclosure is the principle that a court of justice ought not be denied access to relevant information, and that the opposing party should have access to all relevant information to make their case. ref Sankey v Whitlam 1978 142 CLR 1 at 39 ref Unlike other privileges, this right is not vested in any party or entity. The court may, of its own motion, prevent admission of evidence if it thinks it may disclose privileged information. The government need not be a party to proceedings for privilege to be raised. ref Sankey at 44 ref Privilege, being vested in the publicinterest and not a party, cannot be waived by a party. However, if the information has been published elsewhere this is a very strong factor towards the publicinterest of disclosure. ref Sankey at 45 ref This privilege may be claimed on two bases. Firstly, that the documents belong to a class of documents which the publicinterest requires should not be disclosed. In Australia , even for documents belonging to a very high level documents, such as cabinet papers, the court must interrogate whether it really is prejudicial to the publicinterest to disclose it. ref Sankey ref Australian judges in general have been more willing to disclose information than judges in England or Canada . ref Suzanne McNicol, Law of Privilege 1st ed, 1992 at 410 ref See also Privilege in general State Secrets Privilege , the United States equivalent Notes references law stub Category Evidence law ... more details
Primary sources date January 2008 Infobox NPO organization name Software in the PublicInterest organization logo Image Spi2.jpg organization motto organization type foundation June 16, 1997 location New York key people President Bdale Garbee fields Software services num members homepage http www.spi inc.org www.spi inc.org Software in the PublicInterest, Inc. SPI is a US 501 c 501 c 3 501 c 3 non profit organization formed to help other organizations create and distribute free software free open source software and open source hardware . Anyone is eligible to apply for membership, and contributing membership is available to those who participate actively in the free software community . SPI acts as a fiscal sponsor to many free software free and open source projects. SPI has hosted Wikimedia Foundation board elections and audited the tally as a neutral third party since 2007. Associated Projects Current associated projects of SPI are http www.spi inc.org projects Div col cols 2 http ankur.org.in ankur.org.in aptosid Arch Linux Debian Drizzle database server Drizzle Drupal Fluxbox freedesktop.org FreedomBox Fresco computing Fresco unmaintained Gallery Project Gallery GNUstep GNU TeXmacs Haskell programming language Haskell.org Jenkins software Jenkins LibreOffice http madwifi project.org ... Portal Free software http www.spi inc.org Official website org stub Debian DEFAULTSORT Software In The PublicInterest Category Organizations established in 1997 Category Debian Category Free and open source software organizations ar cs Software in the PublicInterest da Software in the PublicInterest de Software in the PublicInterest es Software in the PublicInterest fr Software in the PublicInterest it Software in the PublicInterest he nl Software in the PublicInterest ja Software in the PublicInterest pl Software in the PublicInterest pt Software in the PublicInterest ru Software in the PublicInterest ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In the context of secrecy laws, a publicinterest defence is a Defense legal defence which allows a defendant who disclosed classified or protected information to avoid criminality, if he can establish that the publicinterest in disclosure of the information outweighs the publicinterest in non disclosure. This is aimed at protecting whistleblower s of government misconduct. The inclusion of the defence has been a subject of debate in the legislative process of the Official Secrets Act 1989 of the United Kingdom . The defence was finally not included in the Act. The defence was also absent in secrecy laws in other countries based on the Act. Canada has reformed its secrecy laws in 2001, adding the defence in its Security of Information Act . However, its application is limited to situations where the defendant has followed a series of steps set out in the legislation before making the disclosure, and where the person s purpose in making the disclosure is to reveal an offence committed by another person in his official duties. The inclusion of the defence has been a subject of debate in Hong Kong in 2003 during its legislative process to implement Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 Article 23 of the Basic Law . See also Media in Hong Kong External links http laws.justice.gc.ca en O 5 section 15.html Publicinterest defence in Canada http www.basiclaw23.gov.hk english resources legco legco article article17.htm HKSAR Government s view on the publicinterest defence Category Criminal defenses ... more details
Globalize USA date December 2010 NOTOC A foreign policy interestgroup , according to Thomas Ambrosio , is a domestic advocacy group which seeks to directly or indirectly influence their government s foreign policy . ref name Ambrosio2002 Thomas Ambrosio Ambrosio, Thomas . 2002. Ethnic identity groups and U.S. foreign policy. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275975339 ref Historic development There has been a long term trend of increasing interest groups influence on the formulation of foreign policy in the United States according to John Dietrich Beginning in the early 1970s and continuing into the post Cold War era, the U.S. foreign policy making system has been transformed from the relatively closed and presidential dominated system of the early cold war into a more open, contentious, and pluralistic system. The president remains the most powerful actor, but he now must contend with an active ... time to research issues themselves. Consequently, they are forced to rely on outside sources of information interest groups provide this information, most likely with analysis or Spin public relations ... ref name Ambrosio2002 See also Interestgroup Ethnic interestgroup Further reading div class references ... Foreign Policy InterestGroup Category Advocacy groups Category International relations ..., think tank s, and public opinion. During this period, there also has been a sharp increase in the number of interest groups actively seeking to influence U.S. foreign policy. These interest ... has become more similar to its domestic policy making counterpart, with multiple interest groups using multiple channels to try to influence policy choices. ref name Dietrich1999 Dietrich, John W. Interest ... 1999 280 96. ref Tactics Foreign policy interest groups, according to John Dietrich ref name Dietrich1999 ... sciences Framing , Ambrosio describes, is the attempt by interest groups to place an issue on the government ... as necessary In addition to framing, supplying information and analysis, Ambrosio states that interest ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Publicinterest theory is an economic theory first developed by Arthur Cecil Pigou ref Pigou, A. C. 1932 The Economics of Welfare. London Macmillan and Co. ref that holds that regulation is supplied in response to the demand of the public for the correction of inefficient or inequitable market practices. Regulation is assumed initially to benefit society as a whole rather than particular vested interests. Citation needed date December 2010 The regulatory body is considered to represent the interest of the society in which it operates rather than the private interests of the regulators. ref Richard A. Posner, Theories of Economic Regulation, The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, Vol. 5, No. 2 Autumn, 1974 , pp. 335 358 ref Assumptions This theory assumes that economic market s are extremely fragile and apt to operate very inefficiently or inequitably if left alone. Citation needed date December 2010 The government is assumed to be a neutral arbiter. The publicinterest view holds that governments regulate banks to facilitate the efficient functioning of banks by ameliorating market failures, for the benefit of broader civil society. In banking, the publicinterest would be served if the banking system allocated resources in a socially efficient manner i.e. maximizing output and minimizing variance ref Misham, E. J. 1969 Welfare Economics An assessment Amsterdam and London North Holland publishing company. ref and performed well other functions ..., and providing tools for the management and trading of a variety of risk. ref Criticisms Publicinterest theory is usually contrasted with public choice theory that is more realistic about government ... or outcomes therefore it is not viewed as a valid theory. References references DEFAULTSORT PublicInterest Theory Category Public choice theory Econ policy stub ... the market from the entry of competitors. Critics believe this will only occur when the public ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Interestgroup liberalism is Theodore Lowi s term for the clientelism resulting from the broad expansion of public programs in the United States , including those programs which were part of the Great Society . Lowi s seminal book, first published in 1969, was titled The End of Liberalism , and presented a critique of the role of interest groups in American government, ref Theodore J. Lowi. The End of Liberalism The Second Republic of the United States , W W Norton & Co Inc. 2 edition, 1979. ISBN 0393090000 ref arguing that any group representing anything at all, is dealt with and judged according the political resources it bring to the table and not for the moral or rationalist strength of its interest. ref Peter J. Woolley, Albert Papa. American Politics Core Argument Current Controversy , 2nd ed. Prentice Hall 2002. pp. 174. ISBN 0 13 087919 3 ref Lowi s critique stood out in sharp contrast to theories of Pluralism political theory pluralism , championed by Robert Dahl and others, which argued that interest groups provide competition and a necessary democratic link between people and government. See also Interestgroup Client politics Interestgroup democracy Identity politics Reflist DEFAULTSORT InterestGroup Liberalism Category Liberalism Category Political science terms Category Identity politics Polisci stub ... more details
The PublicInterest Declassification Board PIDB is an advisory committee established by the United States Congress with the official mandate of promoting the fullest possible public access to a thorough, accurate, and reliable documentary record of significant U.S. national security decisions and activities ..., law, or archives. Established by the PublicInterest Declassification Act of 2000 Title VII of Act ... value, including records and materials of extraordinary publicinterest. Promotes the fullest possible public access to a thorough, accurate, and reliable documentary record of significant ... branch respond to the interest of the public in national security matters and promote reliable ... of extraordinary publicinterest that does not undermine the national security of the U.S. ... York Times Magazine . By Laws Article I. Purpose The purpose of the PublicInterest Declassification .... Article II. Authority PublicInterest Declassification Act of 2000 P.L. 106 567, December 27, 2000 ... of the views of the original classifying authority, that declassification is in the publicinterest ... discussion and received more than 150 thoughtful comments from members of the public. The PublicInterest ... and budget staff as an engineer at the Central Intelligence Agency and as a research and development ... and Research Assistant Secretary for Intelligence Policy and Coordination in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research from 1994 to 1998. From November 1990 to April 1994, she served as a professional staff .... Studeman holds a B.A. in history from the Sewanee The University of the South and an M.A. in public ... interest, Ungar has spoken frequently around the United States and in other countries on issues of American ... extent feasible, meetings of the board will be open to the public. In those instances where the Board ... to the Order to ensure adequate public input as the review moves forward. The PIDB was soliciting ... letter and a http www.archives.gov declassification pidb summary public comments.pdf summary of the comments ... more details
The term interestgroup refers to virtually any voluntary association that seeks to publicly promote and create advantages for its cause. It applies to a vast array of diverse organizations. This includes corporations, charitable organizations, civil rights groups, neighborhood associations, professional and trade associations. ref cite book last Baker first Joseph Losco, Ralph title Am gov year 2008 publisher McGraw Hill Higher Education location New York isbn 9780072965476 edition 2008 ed., 1st ed. ref Advocacy Advocacy group An interestgroup or special interestgroup that uses Advocacy.. Issue advocacy ads Issue only ads made by interest groups Lobby group An interestgroup or special interestgroup that uses Lobbying currently redirects to Advocacy group Learning and recreation Learned society Special InterestGroup A group of individuals sharing specialist knowledge. University society References references See also lookfrom interestgroup intitle interestgroup Advocacy Lobbying disambig fr Groupe d int r t homonymie ... more details
The Special InterestGroup SIG members participate in Study Groups, Expert Groups, Working Groups ... de Bluetooth Special InterestGroup es Bluetooth Special InterestGroup fr Bluetooth Special InterestGroup nds Bluetooth Special InterestGroup sl Bluetooth Special InterestGroup zh .... In 2001 Tom Siep served as the group s Managing Director and from 2002 2004 Mike McCamon led the group ... The Study Groups carry out research into their various areas which informs the development of the Bluetooth ... SIG public portal, http www.bluetooth.com English Technology Building Pages Qualifications.aspx . The Qualification ... use of one or both of these service types. See also Bluetooth IEEE 802.15 Task group 1 WPAN Bluetooth ... more details
An ethnic interestgroup or ethnic lobby , according to Thomas Ambrosio , ref name Ambrosio2002 Cite ... policy on domestic or foreign issues are referred to as advocacy group s. Those interest groups established by ethnic identity groups are referred as to ethnic interest groups . ref name Ambrosio2002 Characteristics Foreign concerns Main article Foreign policy interestgroup According to Thomas ... in foreign states, many ethnic interest groups focus on influencing the foreign policy of their host countries to benefit there foreign kin and thus act as foreign policy interestgroup s. h Variable ... of influence of an ethnic interestgroup are Organizational strength organizational unity, a professional ..., placement, and voter participation based on the group s electoral implications Salience and resonance of the message the ability to influence public opinion Push on an open door ethnic interest ... undemocratic to allow any small interestgroup to determine national foreign policy ... See also Advocacy group Diaspora politics Ethnic group Ethnic interest groups in the United States Ethnic nepotism List of ethnic interest groups in Canada Foreign policy interestgroup References ... Category Ethnic groups Interestgroup Category Ethnicity in politics Interestgroup ... foreign policy location publisher Praeger Publishers isbn 0275975339 ref is an advocacy group often a foreign policy interestgroup established along cultural, ethnic, religious or racial lines by an ethnic group for the purposes of directly or indirectly influencing the foreign policy of their resident ... According to Ambrosio, ref name Ambrosio2002 like other societal interest groups, ethnic identity groups establish formal organizations devoted to promoting group cohesiveness and addressing group ... for influence with a plethora of other special interest groups and institutional interests. ref name ... last2 Vanderbush title The Role of Ethnic Interest Groups in U.S. Foreign Policy The Case of the Cuban ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 About technical or social associations other uses Interestgroup disambiguation A Special InterestGroup SIG is a community with an interest in advancing a specific area of knowledge, learning or technology where members cooperate to effect or to produce solutions within their particular field, and may communicate, meet, and organize business conference conferences . They may at times also advocate or lobbying lobby on a particular issue or on a range of issues but are generally distinct from Advocacy groups and pressure groups which are normally set up for the specific political aim the distinction is not firm however and some organizations can adapt and change their focus over time. Mathematics SIGs The Mathematical Association of America includes several SIGs known collectively as SIGMAAs on mathematical areas. ref cite web url http www.maa.org SIGMAA title SIGMAA Special Interest Groups of the MAA accessdate 2009 01 19 work publisher Mathematical Association of America date 2008 08 22 ref Non technical SIGs Organizations which are not technical may also have Special Interest Groups which are normally focused on a mutual interest ref name The Community Discovered Special Interest Groups http communitydisc.westside66.org HTML sigs The Community Discovered Special Interest Groups , groups for specific interests within an educational organization. ref .... Together they organise a Pan SIG conference each year. See also Issue advocacy ads Interest versus express advocacy Lobbying Linux User Group Organizational structure Notes references External links http www.acm.org sigs ACM Special Interest Groups http chibangalore.mypublicsquare.com CHI Bangalore Group of HCI professionals, practitioners and students in Bangalore, the Silicon Valley of India Category Computer related organizations Category Mathematics organizations fr Special interestgroup nl Special InterestGroup ja Special InterestGroup ru ... more details
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