Infobox Organization name PublicKnowledge image Public Knowledge.svg image border size caption map msize mcaption abbreviation motto formation 2001, United States U.S. extinction type Non profit organization status purpose Communications Law & Policy, Intellectual Property, Technology Policy headquarters Washington, DC Washington , District of Columbia , United States U.S. location region served membership language leader title leader name main organ parent organization affiliations num staff num volunteers budget website http www.publicknowledge.org www.publicknowledge.org remarks PublicKnowledge is a non profit organization non profit Washington, D.C. based advocacy public interest group that is involved in intellectual property law , competition, and choice in the digital marketplace, and an open standard s end to end internet . Its co founders are David Bollier and Gigi Sohn current president , while Peter Suber is director of its Open access publishing open access project, and its directors include Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT professor Hal Abelson , Stanford University Stanford Stanford Law School Law professor Lawrence Lessig , and former Federal Communications Commission FCC chairman Reed Hundt . ref cite web url http www.publicknowledge.org about who title Who we are accessdate 2007 07 04 year 2007 publisher PublicKnowledge ref PublicKnowledge s work focuses on the three IP s of communications and copyright policy information policy , intellectual property , and Internet Protocol . While PublicKnowledge has taken part in many information policy debates ... TV tuners, PublicKnowledge led the successful legal campaign to have the rule overturned. ref ..., Since its 2001 founding, PublicKnowledge has risen to prominence as the pre eminent DC based policy ... Reflist External links http publicknowledge.org PublicKnowledge intellectual property activism ..., D.C. fr PublicKnowledge it PublicKnowledge ... more details
The PublicKnowledge Project is a non profit research initiative of the Faculty of Education ref http www.educ.ubc.ca Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia ref at the University of British Columbia , the Canadian Centre for Studies in Publishing ref http www.ccsp.sfu.ca Canadian Centre for Studies in Publishing ref at Simon Fraser University , the Simon Fraser University Library ref http www.lib.sfu.ca Simon Fraser University ref , and Stanford University . It is focused on the importance of making the results of publicly funded research freely available through Open access publishing open access policies, and on developing strategies for making this possible. It seeks to improve the scholarly and public quality of academic research through the development of innovative online environments. History The PKP was founded in 1998 by Dr. John Willinsky in the Department of Language and Literacy Education ref http www.lled.educ.ubc.ca University of British Columbia Department of Language and Literacy Education ref at the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , based on his research in education and publishing. Dr. Willinsky is a leading advocate of Open access publishing open access publishing, and has written extensively ref http pkp.sfu.ca biblio PKP Bibliography ref on the value of public research. The PKP s initial focus was on increasing access to scholarly research and output beyond the traditional academic environments. This soon led to a related interest in scholarly communication and publishing, and especially on ways to make it more cost effective and less reliant on commercial enterprises and their generally ... research communication in Canada. Growth 2005 to 2009 The PublicKnowledge Project grew between ... PublicKnowledge Project official site http pkp.sfu.ca ojs Open Journal Systems http pkp.sfu.ca ... Academic publishing de PublicKnowledge Project es PublicKnowledge Project it PublicKnowledge Project ... more details
The Project on Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy SKAPP , based at the George Washington University in Washington, DC , examines the nature of science and the ways in which it is both used and misused in government decision making and legal proceedings. Through empirical research , conversations among scholars, and publications, SKAPP aims to enhance understanding of how knowledge is generated and interpreted. SKAPP promotes transparent decision making based on the best available science in order to promote public safety and health. SKAPP provides information about the impacts of existing legislation and regulation on the drug safety, occupational health and safety, and environmental health. It has examined the use of science in regulation of specific hazards, including bisphenol A , beryllium , hexavalent chromium , and the butter flavoring chemical diacetyl . Support for SKAPP is provided by the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, the Open Society Institute, and the Rockefeller Family Fund. Past support has been provided by the Common Benefit Trust, a fund established pursuant to a court order in the Silicone Gel Breast Implant Products Liability litigation the Alice Hamilton Fund and the Bauman Foundation. Scientific Evidence and the Law The Supreme Court of the United States Supreme Court of the United States has issued three rulings which greatly impact the role scientists may play in providing expert testimony . These rulings are Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals , General Electric v. Joiner , and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael . Each address the gatekeeper role of the judge in determining the admissibility of expert testimony, with considerable implications for tort litigation. See also Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals ... DEFAULTSORT Project On Scientific Knowledge And Public Policy Skapp Category Evidence ... http www.defendingscience.org public health regulations Science in Government Decision ... more details
of knowledge Greek language Greek , Episteme in Celsus Library in Ephesus , Turkey. Knowledge ... of knowledge is called epistemology , and the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as justified true belief . However no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists, and there are numerous theories to explain it. The following quote from Bertrand Russell s Theory of Knowledge illustrates the difficulty in defining knowledge. The question how knowledge should be defined is perhaps the most ... sight it might be thought that knowledge might be defined as belief which is in agreement with the facts ... knows what sort of agreement between them would make a belief true. Let us begin with belief. Knowledge ... and reasoning while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of acknowledgment in human ... Press, 2002 , 238 266. ref Theories of knowledge File Knowledge Reid Highsmith.jpeg thumb left Robert Reid painter Robert Reid , Knowledge 1896 . Thomas Jefferson Building , Washington, D.C. see ... that philosophy s core was theory of knowledge, a theory distinct from the sciences because it was their foundation Without this idea of a theory of knowledge, it is hard to imagine what philosophy ... blockquote The definition of knowledge is a matter of on going debate among philosopher s in the field ... In Plato s Theaetetus dialogue Theaetetus , Socrates and Theaetetus discuss three definitions of knowledgeknowledge as nothing but perception, knowledge as true judgment, and, finally, knowledge ... knowledge it must be theory of justification justified , truth true , and belief believed . Some ... of alternatives proposed, including Robert Nozick s arguments for a requirement that knowledge ... knowledge. Richard Kirkham suggests that our definition of knowledge requires that the evidence for the belief ... is boiling. Wittgenstein sought to bypass the difficulty of definition by looking to the way knowledge is used in natural languages. He saw knowledge as a case of a family resemblance . Following this idea ... more details
Knowledge is a detailed familiarity with, or understanding of, a person, thing or situation. It can also refer to a concept in English law, see knowingly Taxicabs of the United Kingdom The Knowledge The Knowledge , the rigorous geographical training obligatory for London taxi drivers Knowledge band , Jamaican reggae group Knowledge rapper , England s first documented rapper The Knowledge book series The Knowledge book series , children s series Knowledge magazine , the former name of British music journal Kmag magazine Kmag Knowledge song Knowledge song , by ska core band Operation Ivy Knowledge TV channel , an educational television channel in British Columbia, formerly called Knowledge Network Techniques of Knowledge , the meditation techniques taught by Prem Rawat and others BBC Knowledge Worldwide , an international TV channel BBC Knowledge magazine BBC Knowledge , a British magazine KNOW FM , a Minnesota Public Radio station Carnal knowledge , Biblical term for sexual intercourse disambig fr Kennis nl Kennis doorverwijspagina ja ru ... more details
In the broadest sense knowledge environments may be defined as social practices, technological and physical arrangements intended to facilitate collaborative knowledge building , decision making, inference or discovery, depending on the epistemology epistemological premises and goals. Overview Knowledge environments departing from constructivist epistemology assume that knowledge about a domain is built ... of knowledge environments is to host and support activities of knowledge building, the means including ... ontologies . Wikipedia itself is prototypical example of a knowledge environment in this sense. From another perspective, the purpose of a knowledge environment can be defined as to facilitate consistent knowledge outcomes. Knowledge outcomes reveal themselves as learning, communication, goals, decisions, etc. Consistent knowledge outcomes imply predictable learning results or replicable communication results and predictable quality of decisions. The design of knowledge environments is both commonplace ... librarian and every database manager is a creator of a knowledge environment. At a specialised level knowledge environments need sophisticated architecture and modeling capabilities. This is necessary when the creator of the knowledge environment wants to deliver replicaple results in hundreds of specific instances of the same knowledge environment. On the other hand, the strengthening trend of public authorship leads to open ended ontologies by means of, say. tagging or folksonomy folksonomies . In a significant sense, knowledge environments are in such cases created not only by their authors or owners but also by the contributors of their ontologies. Types There are various kinds of knowledge ... the goal is collaborative knowledge building Learning environments where the main goal of the participants is to gain some kind of knowledge, skill, or conceptual clarity Virtual environments incorporating ... in which knowledge is constructed by means of collaborative authoring of text, but even non verbal ... more details
Procedural knowledge , also known as imperative knowledge , is the knowledge exercised in the performance ... property law. Procedural knowledge, or implicit knowledge is different from other kinds of knowledge , such as declarative knowledge , in that it can be directly applied to a task. For instance, the procedural knowledge one uses to solve problems differs from the declarative knowledge one possesses about problem solving because this knowledge is formed by doing ref name Koedinger Koedinger ... . In some legal systems, such procedural knowledge has been considered the intellectual property of a company, and can be transferred when that company is purchased. One limitation of procedural knowledge is its job dependence thus it tends to be less general than declarative knowledge. For example, a computer expert might have knowledge about a computer algorithm in multiple languages, or in pseudo ... knowledge is that it can involve more sense s, such as hands on experience, practice at solving problems, understanding of the limitations of a specific solution, etc. Thus procedural knowledge ... knowledge is one type of knowledge that can be possessed by an intelligent agent . Such knowledge ..., an AI system based on declarative knowledge might just contain a map of the building, together with information ... to use those actions to achieve the agent s goals. Cognitive psychology main Tacit knowledge In cognitive psychology , procedural knowledge is the knowledge exercised in the accomplishment of a task, and thus includes knowledge which, unlike declarative knowledge , cannot be easily articulated by the individual ... knowledge without even being aware that they are learning Stadler,1989 . For example, most individuals ... of attractiveness or being funny. This example illustrates the difference between procedural knowledge ... knowledge, though it is not an instance of know how. Of course, both forms of knowledge are, in many ... that procedural knowledge can be acquired by nonconscious processing of information about ... more details
exposure and building public trust by incorporating diverse opinion and speed knowledge transfer and knowledge utilization, as well as do knowledge mobilization e.g., by providing a conversation space to bridge gaps between research and practice . Common across perspectives is, knowledge communities can be employed to identify, create, represent, and or distribute knowledge within and or between populations Organizational behavior and structure Knowledge communities nurture and facilitate ongoing relationships and a Knowledge Ecosystem where ideas are exchanged on an ongoing basis. Knowledge ..., facilitators and the general public or a target population. While information within a knowledge community .... Public information within knowledge communities is sometimes covered by Creative Commons Licenses ...unreferenced date January 2008 originalresearch date January 2008 A knowledge community is community construct, stemming from the convergence of knowledge management as a field of study and social exchange ..., knowledge communities are now often referred to as a community of practice or virtual community of practice ... principles and subsequent structure of knowledge communities. Perspectives As a web or virtual construct, knowledge communities can be said to have evolved from bulletin board systems, web forums and online ... sites coming online at the turn of the millennia, knowledge communities can be described as another form of social media. The biggest difference between social network sites and knowledge communities ... exchange theory , a well established perspective is to view knowledge communities as a type of exchange ... value e.g., return on time investment to knowledge community members. Knowledge communities ..., representing and or distributing data, information and or knowledge in and via a community context on the pretext that more significant value will be created via a knowledge value chain. From an organizational perspective, knowledge communities serve to maintain the strong ties and weak ties of the organization ... more details
CIHR Institute for Population and Public Health, editor. Moving population and public health knowledge into action A casebook of knowledge translation stories chapter Piloting knowledge brokers to promote ... and practice decisions ref name Robeson2008 cite journal title Life as a knowledge broker in public ... the innovative capability of organizations in their network. In the field of public health , knowledge ... and Tools ref , which has knowledge brokers facilitating a public health Community of Practice References ...A Knowledge broker is an intermediary an organization or a person , that aims to develop relationships and networks with, among, and between producers and users of knowledge by providing linkages, knowledge Source text sources , and in some cases knowledge itself, e.g. technical know how , market insight ... of knowledge brokers are conceptualized and operationalized differently in various sectors and settings, a key feature appears to be the facilitation of knowledge exchange or sharing between and among various stakeholders, including researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. A knowledge broker ... first Andrew B. year 1998 title Firms as Knowledge Brokers Lessons in Pursuing Continuous Innovation journal California Management Review volume 40 issue 3 pages 209 227 ref The concept of knowledge brokers is closely related to the concept of knowledge spillover s. In the fields of public health , applied health services research , and social sciences , knowledge brokers are often referred to as bridges or intermediaries ref Cite journal author Jonathan Lomas title The in between world of knowledge ... environments Towards virtual knowledge brokers year 2006 journal Organization Studies pages ... E. last3 Sawhney first3 M. ref ref Cite journal author John N. Lavis title Research, public policymaking, and knowledge translation processes Canadian efforts to build bridges journal The Journal of continuing ... CIHR Institute for Population and Public Health year 2006 location Ottawa, ON ref that link producers ... more details
. How to Think Like a Knowledge Worker, United Nations Public Administration Network, New York. Simard ... intradoc groups public documents unpan unpan031277.pdf How to think like a knowledge worker UNPAN ...Multiple issues refimprove April 2009 essay April 2009 Knowledge workers are workers whose main Capital economics capital is knowledge . Typical examples may include software engineers , architects , or lawyers ... Harvard Business Press ref What differentiates knowledge work from other forms of work is its ..., H. 2011 . Knowledge worker roles and actions results of two empirical studies. Knowledge and Process ... abstract ref Also, despite the amount of research and literature on knowledge work there is yet to be a succinct definition of the term Py ri , 2005 . ref Py ri , P. 2005 . The concept of knowledge work revisited. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9.3, 116 127. doi 10.1108 13673270510602818 ref The issue of who knowledge workers are, and what knowledge work entails, however, is still debated. Mosco ... definition of knowledge work, such as Florida s view of it as specifically, the direct manipulation of symbols to create an original knowledge product, or to add obvious value to an existing one Mosco and McKercher, 2007 , which limits the definition of knowledge work to mainly creative work. They then contrast this view of knowledge work with the notably broader view which includes the handling ... element. Thirdly, one might consider a definition of knowledge work which includes, all workers involved in the chain of producing and distributing knowledge products 2007 , which allows for an incredibly broad and inclusive categorization of knowledge workers. It should thus be acknowledged that the term knowledge worker can be quite broad in its meaning, and is not always definitive in who it refers to. ref Mosco, V. and McKercher, C. Introduction Theorizing knowledge labor and the information society . Knowledge Workers in the information society. p. vii xxiv. ref Knowledge workers spend ... more details
Knowledge mobilization may be defined as putting available knowledge into active service to benefit society . It may be knowledge that has been gathered through systematic study or through experience. Both the research knowledge and experiential wisdom are worth sharing to the benefit of others. It is an obligation and a right to share and to have access to beneficial knowledge. As a matter of course, knowledge is shared among people, among experts and between people and the experts in many forums. Yet much knowledge does not reach those who need it in order to make better decisions that would benefit themselves, their family, community or the society at large, at national and global levels. Knowledge mobilization is a proactive process to ensure that knowledge, especially that created through ... of knowledge mobilization are many and encompass a variety of strategies including producer push, user pull, knowledge exchange and even co production of knowledge. These strategies may be informal ... and electronic means. Wikipedia is a good example of a knowledge mobilization tool. It provides a medium through which knowledge can be shared among users, for a collective benefit. Some define the sharing of experiential knowledge as knowledge management , and the sharing of research facts and findings as knowledge transfer , translation, exchange, brokering, interaction, or, mobilization. The latter ... that is transparent, systematic, reliable, collaborative and trustworthy. Since knowledge mobilization seeks to be informed by a variety of sources and resources, value is placed on accumulated knowledge .... The job of the knowledge mobilization specialist, in contrast, is to find, evaluate, synthesize and summarize facts and findings, with researchers and stakeholders in research knowledge working together ... process under different names, such as knowledge dissemination, knowledge translation, knowledge ... an interactive dialogue and engagement between the producers and users of the knowledge. This has ... more details
projects kdstudy public html 2005 chapter7.pdf Chapter 7 Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem A Research Strategy in Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem A Canadian Research Strategy, A Report ...Refimprove date November 2008 The idea of a knowledge ecosystem is an approach to knowledge management which claims to foster the dynamic evolution of knowledge interactions between entities to improve ... . ref Paul Shrivastava 1998 http www.facstaff.bucknell.edu shrivast KnowledgeEcology.html Knowledge Ecology Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training ref ref David A. Bray 2007 http papers.ssrn.com sol3 papers.cfm?abstract id 984600 Knowledge Ecosystems A Theoretical Lens for Organizations ... that attempt either to manage or direct outcomes, knowledge ecosystems espouse that knowledge strategy ... link?JPSJ 78 034803 Agent Based Approach for Revitalization Strategy of Knowledge Ecosystem J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 ref The suitability between knowledge and problems confronted defines the degree of fitness of a knowledge ecosystem. Articles discussing such ecological approaches typically incorporate elements of complex adaptive systems theory. Known implementation considerations of knowledge ... knowledge ecology as a productive operation, it is helpful to focus on the knowledge ecosystem that lies at its core. Like natural ecosystems, these knowledge ecosystems have inputs, throughputs and outputs ... of systems may be integrated to form a complete ecosystem. These systems consist of interlinked knowledge resources, databases, human experts, and artificial knowledge agents that collectively provide an online knowledge for anywhere anytime performance of organizational tasks. The availability of knowledge ... shrivast KnowledgeEcology.html Knowledge Ecology Knowledge Ecosystems for Business Education and Training . ref Key elements of networked knowledge systems ref Homa Bahrami,J. Stuart Evans 2005 . http www.springerlink.com content j6478760q7066588 The Research Laboratory Silicon Valley s Knowledge ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Knowledge Politics is a virtual think tank operating from the United Kingdom, focusing exclusively on promoting political and policy research on the subject of the information society . Aims and origins Knowledge Politics was launched in late 2006 by a group of current and former students of the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield . The organisation describes ... out by specific teams at think tanks such as the Institute for Public Policy Research and The Work Foundation . Knowledge Politics cites three academic theorists as the inspiration behind its work ... theorist of the social changes Knowledge Politics seeks to address. The name of the organisation provides ... knowledge reflects the goal of using new information and communication networks not just to generate profit but to enhance the level of learning and education across society. This theme is alluded to in the Knowledge ... Knowledge Politics work is divided into seven themes or workstreams the knowledge economy ... governance, and technology & society. Knowledge Politics defines its primary function as providing a gateway .... An extensive set of links on the Knowledge Politics website demonstrates this. But the organisation .... To date, all of Knowledge Politics publications have been written mainly or entirely by external contributors. The first pamphlet published was by Dr Karol Jakubowicz, defending the principle of public ... the future of intellectual property in the digital age. Most recently Knowledge Politics published ... . Three Members of Parliament have contributed to Knowledge Politics publications Derek Wyatt ... between the information society and localism. Most of the early attention gained by Knowledge Politics within the UK policy community concerned their overt campaigning in favour of public service ..., which came at a time when a reduction public funding of the British Broadcasting Corporation was announced by the UK government. External links http www.knowledgepolitics.org.uk Knowledge Politics Category ... more details
also Commons Information Commons Libre knowledge Open Knowledge Open Content Copyleft Public ownership ... default.asp?ttype 2&tid 11012 Understanding Knowledge as a Commons http www.ercim.eu publication Ercim News enw66 ioannidis.html From Digital Libraries to Knowledge Commons http www.knowledgecommons.org Open Knowledge Commons & 8220 Shared Purpose. Global Access. Common Knowledge.& 8221 http www.idlo.int publications TraditionalKnowledge.pdf Imagining A Traditional Knowledge Commons A community approach to sharing traditional knowledge for non commercial research Category Public commons Category ...The knowledge commons encompass immaterial and collectively owned goods in the information age . Normatively loaded, it promotes free share of knowledge. Some argue that since the modern commons resource is information, the tragedy of the commons has no effect within the knowledge commons information ... of information. Author Clay Shirky cites Wikipedia.org as an example of the successful mining of the knowledge ... derived from the medieval economic system the commons . Today, the knowledge commons act as a frame ... such as the Public Library of Science or the Science Commons , Free Software and Open Design ... Knowledge as a Commons From Theory to Practice last Hess first Charlotte coauthors Ostrom ... 08357 7 pages 12 13 ref the conceptual background of the knowledge commons encompasses two intellectual ... of the Public Domain journal Law and Contemporary Problems publisher volume 66 issue ... property rights and privatization of knowledge. Second, a tradition rooted in the United States, which sees the knowledge commons as a shared space allowing for free speech and democratic practices ... in the knowledge commons is often driven by collective intelligence respectively the wisdom of crowds and is related to knowledge communism as it was defined by Robert K. Merton , according to whom ... A main principle of the knowledge commons is that the traditional copyright is being replaced by copyleft ... more details
The Knowledge Building KB theory was created and developed by Carl Bereiter and Marlene Scardamalia for describing what a community of learners needs to accomplish in order to create knowledge . The theory addresses the need to educate people for the knowledge society knowledge age society , in which knowledge and innovation are pervasive. ref Scardamalia & Bereiter, 2003 ref Overview Scardamalia & Bereiter distinguish between Knowledge building and learning. They see learning as an internal, almost unobservable process that results in changes of beliefs, attitudes, or skills. By contrast, Knowledge building is seen as creating or modifying publicknowledge. KB produces knowledge that lives in the world , and is available to be worked on and used by other people. Knowledge building refers to the process ... a group, at a level beyond their initial knowledge level, and should be directed towards advancing the understanding ..., p. 5 ref Knowledge building can be considered as deep Constructivism learning theory constructivism ... of the hallmarks of Knowledge building is a sense of we superseding the sense of I , a feeling that the group ... software can enable such an environment, one being Knowledge Forum , which supports many of the prerequisite processes of Knowledge building. Bereiter and colleagues ref 1997, p. 12 ref state that Knowledge building projects focus on understanding rather than on accomplishing tasks, and on collaboration rather than on controversy. Knowledge building may be defined simply as the creation ... knowledge work of all kinds . ref Bereiter & Scardamalia, 2003, p. 13 ref Setting children on a Knowledge building trajectory is a promising foundation for education in the knowledge age Scardamalia ... of Knowledge , Scardamalia proposes 12 principles of Knowledge building.MT Principles of Knowledge building Scardamalia 2002 ref Scardamalia 2002 ref identifies twelve principles of Knowledge building as follows Real ideas and authentic problems. In the classroom as a Knowledge building community ... more details
transfer . Knowledge transfer between public and private domains With the move of advanced ...Knowledge transfer in the fields of organizational development and organizational learning is the practical problem of transferring knowledge from one part of the organization to another or all other part s of the organization. Like knowledge management , knowledge transfer seeks to organize, create, capture or distribute knowledge and ensure its availability for future users. It is considered to be more ... would accomplish the knowledge transfer. Knowledge transfer is more complex because 1 knowledge ... cite journal last Argote first L. coauthors Ingram, P. year 2000 title Knowledge transfer A Basis ... 82 issue 1 pages 150 169 doi 10.1006 obhd.2000.2893 ref and 2 much knowledge in organizations is tacit knowledge tacit or hard to articulate. ref name Nonaka Takeuchi 1995 cite book last Nonaka first I. coauthors Takeuchi, H. year 1995 title The Knowledge Creating Company publisher Oxford University Press location New York, NY ref The subject has been taken up under the title of knowledge management since the 1990s. Background Argote & Ingram 2000 define knowledge transfer as the process through ... name Argote Ingram 2000 p. 151 . They further point out the transfer of organizational knowledge i.e., routine or best practices can be observed through changes in the knowledge or performance of recipient units. The transfer of organizational knowledge, such as best practices, can be quite ... of best practice within the firm proposed that knowledge transfer within a firm is inhibited by factors other than a lack of incentive. How well knowledge about best practices remains broadly accessible within a firm depends upon the nature of that knowledge, from where or whom it comes ... ref Three related concepts are knowledge utilization , research utilization and implementation , which ... journal Milbank Quarterly volume 82 issue 4 pages 581 629 ref The study of knowledge utilization ... more details
Open Knowledge is a term used to denote a set of principles and methodologies related to the production and distribution of knowledge works in an open manner. Knowledge is interpreted broadly to include Data scientific, historical, geographic or otherwise Content such as music, films or books General information for example that produced by government and other administrative bodies As set out in the http www.opendefinition.org okd Open Knowledge Definition , knowledge is open if one is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it without legal, social or technological restriction. In this sense Open Knowledge can be seen as being a superset of open data , open content and open access publishing libre open access with the aim of highlighting the commonalities between these different groups. The concept is also heavily related to open source , with many concepts and processes directly borrowed or ported from previous work on open source for example the http okd.okfn.org Open Knowledge Definition is directly derived from the Open Source Definition . History Similarly to other open concepts such as open data and open content , though the term is rather new, the concept is old. For example, one of the earliest printed texts of which we have record is a copy of the Buddhist Diamond sutra produced ... . ref http www.rufuspollock.org economics papers value of the public domain.html The Value of the Public Domain ref Organisations and Activities promoting Open Knowledge http www.taxpayeraccess.org Alliance for Taxpayer Access ATA http www.openscholarship.org Enabling Open Scholarship EOS Open Knowledge Foundation http www.okfn.org http www.opendefinition.org okd The Open Knowledge Definition http ... Resources Coalition http www.talis.com Talis See also Knowledge commons Definition of Free Cultural Works Open access publishing Open content Open data Open Knowledge Network Open source http oad.simmons.edu ... Knowledge es Conocimiento abierto fr Culture libre it Open knowledge nl Open knowledge fi Avoin ... more details
, T., & Joseph, R. 2003 . Public Policy in Knowledge Based Economies Foundations and Frameworks. Cheltenham ... id 984598 IS Driven Organizational Responsiveness in a Knowledge Economy http www.carleton.ca kbe Public ...Refimprove date November 2008 Economic systems sidebar The knowledge economy is a term that refers either to an economy of knowledge focused on the production and management of knowledge in the frame of economy economic constraints, or to a knowledge based economy. In the second meaning, more frequently used, it refers to the use of knowledge technologies such as knowledge engineering and knowledge ... difference is that in a knowledge economy, knowledge is a product, while in a knowledge based economy, knowledge is a tool. This difference is not yet well distinguished in the subject matter ... to a knowledge economy, as an extension of an information society . The transition requires that the rules ..., globalized economy where knowledge resources such as trade secret know how and expertise are as critical as other economic resources. According to analysts of the knowledge economy, these rules need to be rewritten at the levels of firms and industries in terms of knowledge management and at the level of public policy as knowledge policy or knowledge related policy. Citation needed date May 2008 Concepts A key concept of the knowledge economy is that knowledge and education often referred ... asset It can be defined as The concept that supports creation of knowledge by organizational employees and helps and encourages them to transfer and better utilize their knowledge that is in line with company organization goals The initial foundation for the Knowledge Economy was first introduced ... the difference between the manual worker page 2 and the knowledge worker . The manual worker, according to him, works with his hands and produces goods or services. In contrast, a knowledge worker page 3 works with his or her head not hands, and produces ideas, knowledge, and information. The key ... more details
works of traditional knowledge expire, they fall into the public domain. ref name Graber 2008 174 ... a right to use the knowledge of indigenous people ... traditional cultural expressions are not in the public ... knowledge is an essential and public source of cultural creativity. Part of the debate involves the question of whether or not traditional knowledge is part of the public sphere, national commons, or global ... Tribes of Washington on Folklore, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Public Domain, July 09, 2003 ... knowledge TK , indigenous knowledge IK , traditional environmental knowledge TEK and local knowledge ... peoples indigenous , or local community communities . Traditional knowledge also encompasses the wisdom , knowledge, and teachings of these communities. In many cases, traditional knowledge has been oral tradition orally passed for generations from person to person. Some forms of traditional knowledge ... s. Other forms of traditional knowledge are expressed through different means. ref Acharya, Deepak ... Traditional knowledge typically distinguishes one community from another. For some communities, traditional knowledge takes on a personal and spirituality spiritual meaning. Traditional knowledge can also reflect a community s interests. Some communities depend on their traditional knowledge for survival. This is particularly true of traditional environmental knowledge, which refers to a particular form of place based knowledge of the diversity and interactions among plant and animal species ... conceptualise knowledge within a naturalistic framework, and emphasize the gradation of recent knowledge into knowledge acquired over many generations. These accounts use terms like adaptively acquired knowledge , socially constructed knowledge, and other terms that emphasize the social aspects of knowledge. Local knowledge and traditional knowledge may be thought of as distinguished by the length ... studies in the naturalistic tradition demonstrate that traditional knowledge is not a natural category ... more details
it. An alternative model is based on treating knowledge as a public good and hence encouraging free sharing of knowledge. This is often referred to as attention economy . Currently there is no consensus among researchers on relative merits of these two approaches. History A knowledge economy include the concept of exchanging knowledge based products and services. However, as discussed by Stewart ... knowledge as a public good. Quora , Stack Overflow , Metafilter Ask Metafilter , Yahoo Answers ...Expert verify date November 2008 refimprove section date November 2008 A knowledge market is a mechanism for distributing knowledge resources. There are two views on knowledge and how knowledge markets can function. One view uses a legal construct of intellectual property to make knowledge a typical ..., McGraw Hill, 342 p. ref , knowledge is very different from physical products. For example, it can ... it once, and once sold, it cannot be recalled. Further, knowledge begets more knowledge in a never ending cycle. Understanding of knowledge markets is beginning to emerge. As would be expected, they are very different in form from traditional markets. Knowledge markets have been variously described ... Prusak. 1998. Working Knowledge How Organizations Manage What They Know. Harvard Business School ..., sharing, or exchange of information and knowledge among providers and users. This transactional approach assumes that knowledge based products or services are available for distribution, that someone ... 1991 ref Nonaka, Ikujiro. 1991. The Knowledge Creating Company. Harvard Business Review, Nov. Dec ... of Knowledge. Harvard Business School Press. 334 p. ref . At the marketing end of the spectrum, a number ... necessary to succeed in a digital economy. Knowledge markets may also be sequential in nature. Simard 2006 ref Simard, Albert. 2006. Knowledge markets More than Providers and Users. IPSI BgD Internet Research Society Transactions, 2 2 4 9. ref describes a cyclic end to end knowledge market ... more details
The concept of the knowledge divide refers to the gaps in standards of living and economic development that exist between those who can find, create, manage, process, and disseminate information or knowledge ... in the 21st century of a global information society has resulted in the emergence of knowledge as a valuable ... Toward Knowledge Societies Paris UNESCO, 2005 , 158 159. ref The rapid dissemination of information ... uneven ability to assimilate knowledge and information has resulted in potentially expanding gaps in knowledge between individuals and nations. ref Joseph Stiglitz, Knowledge as a Global Public Good, in Global Public Goods International Cooperation in the 21st Century, ed. I. Kahl et al. Oxford University Press, 1999 , 318. ref Introduction In the 21st century, the emergence of the knowledge society becomes pervasive ref UNESCO World Report 2005 Towards Knowledge Societies retrieved ... Information Society Commission 2002 . Building the Knowledge Society Report to Government, December ..., to come up with new ideas, people need to produce and manage knowledge. This is why knowledge has become essential for all societies. The Knowledge Divide Between Nations According to UNESCO and the World Bank , ref World Bank World Development Report Knowledge for Development New York Oxford University Press, 1999 . ref knowledge gaps between nations may occur due to the varying degrees by which ..., and transmit knowledge. Vital to the spread of knowledge and information between nations are such freedoms ... of the press . ref UNESCO 2005, 28. ref Democracy Plurality of knowledge and information This includes a diverse media ref UNESCO 2005, 28. ref and the acceptance of diverse forms of knowledge. ref ... system This will affect the dissemination of knowledge or movement of ideas within and between nations. ref Stiglitz, 317 318. ref Effective education system Gaps in knowledge between nations can exist ... to become a knowledge society, primary education must focus on basic literacy and must be universally ... more details
orphan date April 2009 Knowledge for Climate is a research programme that aims to develop applied knowledge, through cooperation between the Dutch government, the business community and scientific research institutes, in order to ensure that long term decision making takes into account the effects of climate change . The programs goal is to timely and cost effective climate proofing of the Netherlands, in an international context. Organisation Wageningen University and Research Centre , the University of Utrecht , the VU University Amsterdam , KNMI institute KNMI and TNO Deltares have combined forces in this research programme to generate the applied knowledge, together with other academic institutes, the business community and the government central government, provinces, municipalities and water boards , necessary to assess investments in spatial planning, infrastructure and institutions in terms of their resistance to climate change and to make changes where necessary. Knowledge for Climate is therefore the scientific research programme that supports the National Programme for Spatial Adaptation to Climate Change ARK , conducted by the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment VROM , the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Manage ment VenW , the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality LNV , the Ministry of Economic Affairs EZ , the Association of Provincial Authorities IPO , the Association of Netherlands Municipalities VNG and the Association of Water Boards. References Reflist External links http www.knowledgeforclimate.org Knowledge for Climate Category Climate change in the Netherlands Category Climate change science ... more details
Coat rack Wikipedia date August 2011 Lead too short date August 2011 The democratization of knowledge is the acquisition and spread of knowledge amongst the common people, not just privileged elite s such as priests and academics. History The printing press was one of the early steps towards the democratization of knowledge. ref name spiegel cite news title Google s Total Library Putting The World s Books On The Web first Malte last Herwig url http www.spiegel.de international business 0,1518,473529 2,00.html newspaper Spiegel Online date 28 March 2007 accessdate 22 July 2011 ref Another small example of this during the Industrial Revolution was the creation of libraries for miners in some Scottish villages in the 18th century. ref For example, in Leadhills in 1741 and in Wanlockhead in 1756. Cite book title Philanthropy in Victorian Scotland author Olive Checkland url http books.google.com ?id JUG6AAAAIAAJ page 138 year 1980 isbn 9780859760416 postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either ... ref Wikipedia is rapidly turning into a real time reference tool in which public entries can be updated ... of knowledge in the modern era. In the Digital Age Wikipedia co founder, Larry Sanger ... We Know On the New Politics of Knowledge ref that Professionals are no longer needed for the bare ... the existence of common knowledge and pits it against knowledge that everyone agrees on. In terms of democratization of knowledge, Wikipedia has played a major role. For instance, Wikipedia has attracted ... Book Search has been pointed to as an example of democratization of knowledge, but Malte Herwig .... ref name spiegel Scientific knowledge The website eBird has been described as an example of democratization of scientific knowledge, Citation needed date March 2011 as it enlists amateurs ... property References reflist Use dmy dates date August 2011 DEFAULTSORT Democratization Of Knowledge Category Knowledge Socio stub nl Democratisering van kennis ... more details
settings, and, of course, in schools and public libraries. As a Knowledge River graduate, you can ...Orphan date April 2010 Refimprove date March 2010 Knowledge River is a program within the School of information Resources and Library Science SIRLS at the University Of Arizona University of Arizona in Tucson that focuses on educating information professionals who have experience with and sensitivity to Hispanic and Native American populations. ref Berry III, J. 2004 . Knowledge River. Library Journal, 129 7 , 55. ref Knowledge River also fosters understanding of library and information issues from the perspectives of Hispanic and Native Americans and advocates for culturally sensitive library and information services to these communities. Knowledge River brings Hispanics and American Indians into the SIRLS graduate program and succeeds by building coalitions between the library, library school, academic departments on campus and the surrounding community and serves as a role model of how it can be done. ref Hankins, R, Saunders M & Situ, P. 2003 Diversity initiatives vs. residency programs. College and Research Libraries News, 64 5 , 308 310, 315. ref Each year, Knowledge River selects a cohort of students to be Knowledge River Scholars. Knowledge River Scholars receive a financial aid package and opportunities for academic support, specialized advising, and professional development activities, as well as regular SIRLS services and activities. Financial aid for Knowledge River Scholars comes mainly in the form of Graduate Assistantships, which allow students to gain practical experience in libraries and other information environments. Knowledge River Scholars graduate with an American Library Association ALA accredited MA in Information Resources and Library Science . Librarian ... as academic or public librarians. This grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Science was awarded to launch the Knowledge River project, aimed at increasing minority recruitment in library ... more details
Activist knowledge or dissident knowledge , refers to the ideological and ideational aspects of social movements such as challenging or reformulating dominant political ideas and ideologies, and developing new concepts, thoughts and meanings through the contentional interactions with social, political, cultural and economic authorities. ref cite book last Hosseini first S A Hamed title Alternative Globalizations An Integrative Approach to Studying Dissident Knowledge in the Global Justice Movement year 2010 publisher Routledge location New York isbn 978 0 415 49476 2 url http www.routledge.com 9780415494762 ref The cognitive or ideational aspects of social movements have been theorized by a group ... into ideas... Activist knowledge is, by definition, a process of trans forming social consciousness ... in public spheres , around a vital set of interrelated social issues, in order to explain and respond ... out of a social movement s relations with and contributions to both existing knowledge spheres and social reality. ref name hosseini339 cite journal last Hosseini first S A Hamed title Activist Knowledge ... 11 The meaning and knowledge making processes in social movements are not however restricted to information acquisition and processing, social psychological cognitions, practical knowledge, deliberative contemplations in public spheres, discursive and ideological transformations, framing and so on. Activist dissident knowledge is formed through both strategic and communicative actions in confronting dominant social processes. Such knowledge is shaped at a very pragmatic level that differs in nature despite some overlaps from the academic level of knowledge production, the institutional level ... social movements special issue 1 1 http interfacejournal.nuim.ie ?p 941 Movement knowledge McGill Journal of Education special issue 44 1 http mje.mcgill.ca index.php MJE issue view 272 Knowledge production ... of Knowledge ... more details
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