Computer Shopper could refer to the following publications Computer Shopper UK magazine a home computer magazine published in the United Kingdom Computer Shopper US magazine a home computer magazine published in the United States Both of these magazines cover similar topics and have the same name, but are unrelated. disambig Category Computer magazine disambiguations ... more details
The ARRA for Automatische Relais Rekenmachine Amsterdam , Automatic Relay Calculator Amsterdam was the first Dutch computer, and was built from relay s for the Dutch Mathematical Centre Dutch Mathematisch Centrum , which later became the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica CWI . It was designed and built by Carel Scholten and Bram Loopstra , and was finished in 1952. Because of reliability problems it was soon taken out of commission, and updated to the ARRA II, which actually was a completely new design. See also Other computers designed and built at the Mathematical Centre ARRA II computer FERTA computer ARMAC computer Other very early Dutch computers P3 computer PASCAL computer PETER computer PTERA computer STEVIN computer Testudo computer Electrologica X1 X1 computer X2 computer X4 computer Electrologica X8 X8 computer ZEBRA computer ZERO computer DEFAULTSORT Arra Computer Category Electro mechanical computers Category Science and technology in the Netherlands Category One of a kind computers Comp eng stub nl ARRA I ... more details
Coord 25 2 59.8 N 121 22 30.8 E region ID type landmark display title Distinguish Quantum Computer Infobox company company name Quanta Computer, Inc. company logo company type Public TSE 2382 foundation Taipei, Taiwan 1988 location Taoyuan County, Taiwan Taoyuan County , Taiwan key people Barry Lam , Founder, CEO industry Computer hardware br Electronics products Notebook s, Smart Phone s, Server computing Server s, Digital television s, and others market cap United States Dollar US 3.9 billion 2008 revenue profit USD 37.8 1000000000 number billion 2010 num employees over 60,000 worldwide homepage url http www.quantatw.com Quanta Computer Incorporated TSE 2382 is a Taiwan based manufacturer of notebook computer s and other electronic hardware . It is the largest manufacturer of notebook computers in the world. ref http www.laptop.org One Laptop per Child ref Its customers include Apple Inc. , Compaq , Dell , Gateway, Inc. Gateway , Hewlett Packard Company Hewlett Packard , ref cite news last Lander first Mark title Taiwan Maker of Notebook PC s Thrives Quietly url http query.nytimes.com ..., intelligent functions and size. Quanta Computer was announced as the original design manufacturer ... date 27 June 2008 ref Court case In 2008, LG Electronics Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. sued the Quanta Computer company for patent infringement , when Quanta used Intel components ... 937 Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. 06 937 ref References Reflist External links http ... Quanta market share Portal Companies Major information technology companies Category Computer ... in Taoyuan County, Taiwan Category Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange Category Computer hardware companies Tech company stub Taiwan company stub cs Quanta Computer de Quanta Computer es Quanta Computer fr Quanta Computer id Quanta Computer it Quanta Computers nl Quanta Computers ja pt Quanta Computer vi Quanta Computers zh ... more details
Computer Sciences can refer to The general field of computer science Computer Sciences Corporation , the Fortune 500 Information Technology company disambig ... more details
Sage computer may refer to SAGE Computer Technology . m68k computer system company in the 1980s AN FSQ 7 , American air defense system disambig ... more details
A Computer DJ is defined as a DJ who uses a computer or laptop to play digital audio digital music encoded audio files, to a public crowd. Originally due to file size storage issues this was usually using lossy codec files e.g. . MP3 mp3 . Advanced Audio Coding aac , however as drive space increased, this improved to using original uncompressed PCM files e.g. . WAV wav . Audio Interchange File Format aiff which do not offer support for metadata, hence why latterly the metadata included and smaller file sized lossless codec files e.g. . Free Lossless Audio Codec flac . m4a , Apple Lossless ALAC are used. As well as a laptop or computer, MIDI controller s are also used to provide a more tactile, and useful interface for control of DJ Software by providing physical controls similar to those of record decks or CDJ s and DJ mixer s. External Hard Disk Drive s and Audio Interfaces Sound Card s are also commonly utilized. By using a sound card with multiple stereo outputs, or two sound cards, a Computer DJ can use a conventional DJ mixer by routing one software deck out of one sound card into one channel of the mixer, and likewise for the other deck. Some DJ software packages allow a single stereo channel to be broken into two mono outputs which correspond to two player decks. Most DJ Software ... DJs who have previously only used Vinyl or CDs to integrate a laptop into their setup. Computer controllers ... Compact discs. in 1998, manufacturers joined with computer DJing pioneers to offer professional ... s first dedicated computer DJ convention and learning program, the CPS Computerized Performance System DJ Summit . Computer DJ ing has since become popular with many professional electronic artists, though there is still considerable debate as whether or not the dependence on a computer in performance ... and Daft Punk use computer technology. Software Some notable DJ Software Ableton Live . Serato ... designed for Computer DJs Hercules RMX Novation Twitch Numark V7 Pioneer DDJ S1 Traktor S4 ... more details
is made public by the organizations involved. Several computer security consulting firms produce ...About computer security exploits and defenses computer security through design and engineering computer security multiple issues refimprove December 2009 cleanup December 2008 essay December 2007 Computer security Computer insecurity refers to the concept that a computer system is always vulnerable to attack ... to take into consideration when designing a computer system , security can prove to be very important ... to their computer systems, with 42 percent claiming cyber security as their top risk. ref ... every type of cyber attack is on the rise. In 2009 respondents to the CSI Computer Crime and Security ... . 2009 CSI Computer Crime & Security Survey. Computer Security Institute. Computer Security Institute ... similarities yet many fundamental differences between computer and physical security . Just like real world security, the motivations for breaches of computer security vary between attackers, sometimes called Hacker computer security hackers or crackers. Some are thrill seekers or Vandalism vandal ... it. The precautions required for a home personal computer are very different for those of bank s Internet banking systems, and different again for a Classified information classified military computer network network . Other computer security writers suggest that, since an attacker using a network need know nothing about you or what you have on your computer, attacker motivation is inherently impossible ... a computer system, it is important to first understand the various types of attacks that can be made against it. These threat computer threats can typically be classified into one of these seven categories Exploits main Exploit computer security An exploit from the same word in the French language ... behavior to occur on computer software, hardware, or something electronic usually computerized . This frequently includes such things as gaining control of a computer system or allowing ... more details
Refimprove date June 2011 Computer Ethics is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing ... maner title A Very Shory History of Computer Ethics last Bynum first Terrell Ward publisher Southern ... at Georgia Southern University has categorized the ethical decisions related to computer technology ..., A, & Henry, J. Journal of business ethics. Computer Ethics The Role of Personal, Informal, and Formal ... To understand the foundation of computer ethics, it is important to look into the different ... the tradition s key concepts derive from ancient Greek philosophy . The conceptual foundations of computer ... by Luciano Floridi . The term computer ethics was first coined by Dr. Walter Maner, a professor at Boston ... programs in academic settings. History The concept of computer ethics originated in 1950 when ... , published a book called The Human Use of Human Beings which laid out the basic foundations of computer ethics and made Norbert Wiener the father of computer ethics. Later on, in 1966 another MIT professor ... s first computer crime was committed. A programmer was able to use a bit of computer code to stop ... into the 1960s Donn Parker , who was an author on computer crimes, led to the development of the first code of ethics in the field of computer technology. Citation needed date October 2011 In 1970, a medical ... it came to dealing with computers. The term Computer ethics was thus invented. During the same year ... code of ethics due to which, by the middle of the 1970s new privacy and computer crime ... his second significant addition to the field of computer ethics. He published a book titled Computer ... Abbe Mowshowitz ,a professor of Computer Science at the City College of New York, published an article ... there, developed the first ever curriculum for a university course on computer ethics. To make sure he kept the interests of students alive in computer ethics, he launched an essay contest where the subject students had to write about was computer ethics. In 1985, he published a journal titled ... more details
of a one man exhibition. In 1963 Joan Shogren of San Jose State University wrote a computer program based on artistic principles, resulting in an early public showing of computer art in San Jose, California ... ART 2009 Online Digital Art Gallery, exhibited at IV09 and CG09 computer Graphics conferences, at Pompeu ... Bank University Computer art is any art in which computer s play a role in production or display ... painting with algorithm art and other digital techniques. As a result, defining computer art by its end product can thus be difficult. Computer art is by its nature evolutionary since changes in technology ..., most individuals involved in the creation of computer art were in fact engineers and scientists because ... tool. In the summer of 1962, Dr. A. Michael Noll programmed a digital computer at Bell Telephone ... The Beginnings of Computer Art in the United States A Memoir, Leonardo, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1994 , pp. 39 44. ref His later computer generated patterns simulated paintings by Piet Mondrian and Bridget ... PDFs dietrich leonardo.pdf format PDF title Visual Intelligence The First Decade of Computer Art accessdate ... used the patterns to investigate aesthetic preferences in the mid 1960s. Computer art dates back to at least ... 978 0 8109 9236 8 ref The first two exhibitions of computer art were held in 1965 Generative Computergrafik, February 1965, at the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart, Germany, and Computer Generated Pictures ... in London hosted one of the most influential early exhibitions of computer art Cybernetic Serendipity ... , and Charles Csuri . ref name ReferenceA One year later, the Computer Arts Society was founded, also ... Williams published Computer Program for Artists ART 1 in 1970. ref cite journal author Nash, Katherine coauthors Richard H. Williams title Computer Program for Artists ART I journal Leonardo ... the first Graphical User Interface GUI in the 1970s. The first Macintosh computer is released in 1984 ... Processing RIP is typically built into the printer or supplied as a software package for the computer ... more details
Computer performance is characterized by the amount of useful work accomplished by a computer system compared to the time and resources used. Depending on the context, good computer performance may involve one or more of the following Short Response time technology response time for a given piece of work High throughput rate of processing work Low utilization of computing resource s High availability of the computing system or application Fast or highly compact data compression and decompression High Bandwidth computing bandwidth short data transmission time Performance metrics Computer performance ... viewdoc download?doi 10.1.1.123.501&rep rep1&type pdf ref Aspect of software quality Computer software ... that is important in human computer interaction s. Technical and non technical definitions The performance of any computer system can be evaluated in measurable, technical terms, using one or more of the metrics ... in computer performance means the same thing that performance means in other contexts, that is, it means How well is the computer doing the work it is supposed to do? ref Computer Performance Analysis ... affect overall computer performance. Because there are too many programs to test a CPU s speed ... measurements include Instructions per second Most consumers pick a computer architecture normally ... relatively uninformed on computer benchmarks, some of them pick a particular CPU based on operating ... Clarify date October 2009 Computer programmers who program directly in assembly language want a CPU ... leading to a brainiac CPU design. ref http www.mdronline.com mpr public editorials edit13 17.html ... efficiency Benchmark computing Computer architecture FURPS Network performance Optimization computer ... Software performance testing Performance tuning References references Category Computer performance Computer performance bg de Leistung Informationstechnisches System ko it Computer performance simple Computer performance sv Datorprestanda uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Fotonasw bebnowa.jpg thumb 230px ScanView photosetter DotMate5000 otheruses CTF Computer to Film CTF is a print workflow involving the printing from a computer, straight to film. This film is then burned onto a lithographic plate, using a plate burner . The plate is then put on an offset printing press to make a product usually thousands of copies . This process requires a clean environment, skilled workers, and a well thought out proofing system workflow to maximize quality. CTF is being replaced with the more advanced Computer to plate CTP Computer to Plate technology. See also Computer to plate computer DEFAULTSORT Computer To Film Category Printing terminology Category Print production Publish stub de Computer to Film es Computer to film fr Computer to film pl CtF ... more details
A computer is a program machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. Computer may also refer to Computer magazine , a magazine the covers current computing related issues Human computer , a person whose job it is to perform mathematical calculations Computer , a List of characters in Courage the Cowardly Dog Courage.2C the Cowardly Dog character in the cartoon series Courage the Cowardly Dog Personal computer PC , any computer useful for individuals, and intended to be operated directly by an end user OK Computer , a 1997 album by Radiohead disambig bg Computer de Rechner el he ne ro Computer dezambiguizare ... more details
Hatnote This article is primarily about a certain class of Personal computer s from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. See home server and home automation for other uses of a computer in a home. Image Cpc464.computer.750pix.jpg ... Color Computer Tandy Color Computer 3 , featured a version of the BASIC programming language. The sometimes sprawling nature of the well outfitted home computer system is very much in evidence. Image .... However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business ... TV Ad for Atari Home computers from YouTube ref ref http wotsit.thingy.com haj old computer ads.html Home computer ads ref ref http www.theoldcomputer.com library 27s tv adverts summary.htm More home computer TV ads ref but these were seldom realized in practice. For example, using a typical 1980s home computer as a home automation appliance would require the computer to be kept powered on at all ... . If no packaged software was available for a particular application, the home computer user was required to learn computer programming a significant time commitment many new computer owners weren t willing to make. Still, for others the home computer offered the first opportunity to learn to program ... changing Commodore 64 from CNN ref Today the line between business and home computer market segments ... may be the sales outlet through which they are purchased. Another change from the home computer ... home computer use. ref name reimer Cite news author Jeremy Reimer title Personal Computer Market ... s ECHO IV explored the possible utility of a computer in the home. ref http drdobbs.com 184404040 ... 2 Echo.pdf James Tomayko Anecdotes Electronic Computer for Home Operation, The First Home Computer ref In 1969, the Honeywell Kitchen Computer Kitchen Computer Honeywell Kitchen Computer was marketed ... Computer Products and Non Products in Design History , from Journal of Design History , Vol. 23 No.2 doi 10.1093.jdh epq010 ref Computers became affordable for the general public in the 1970s due ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 The term computer generated most often refers to a sound or visual that has been created in whole or in part with the aid of computer software . It can, but does not customarily, refer to something produced solely by computer hardware , like a noise from a hard drive hard disk drive or a printed page from a computer printer printer although the object printed on the paper may be computer generated, the physical page itself is not . br Sounds and visuals are the most easily computer generated objects. They are created either from the ground up, or by using real world models recorded by a microphone or camera , over which computer generated objects are placed. See also Computer animation Computer art Computer graphics Computer generated holography Computer generated imagery CGI Computer generated music Category User interfaces Compu stub ... more details
About personal computers in general hardware components of personal computers Personal computer hardware pp move indef Infobox title Personal computer image File Computer aj aj ashton 01.svg 250px caption An illustration of a modern personal desktop computer A personal computer PC is any general purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user with no intervening computer operator. In contrast ... expensive minicomputer and mainframe computer mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually ... , databases , Web browser s and e mail clients, digital media playback, Personal computer ... by a cable or a wireless connection. A personal computer may be a desktop computer or a laptop , tablet computer tablet , or a handheld PC . While early PC owners usually had to write their own programs .... Since the early 1990s, Microsoft software and Intel hardware have dominated much of the personal computer ... date 29 January 2010 quote The iPad is not a personal computer in the sense that we currently ... such as netbook s, Notebook computer notebooks , Tablet computer tablets , and smartphone s. ref ... computer that were far too costly for individual business use at the time. The Programma 101 was the first commercial desktop computer . By the early 1970s, people in academic or research institutions had the opportunity for single person use of a LINC computer system in interactive mode for extended ... PARC , had a graphical operating system GUI that later served as inspiration for Apple Inc. Apple Computer ... peripherals such as keyboards, computer display s, disk drives, and printers. Micral N was the earliest ... I Apple I computer circuit board, which was fully prepared and contained about 30 chips. The first successfully mass marketed personal computer was the Commodore PET introduced in January 1977. It was soon ... hardware. Through the 1980s, home computercomputer s were further developed for household ... more details
About computer security through design and engineering computer security exploits and defenses computer insecurity Computer security Refimprove date September 2010 Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computer s and networks. The objective of computer ... intended users. The term computer system security means the collective processes and mechanisms by which ... and methodologies of computer security often differ from most other computer technologies because of its somewhat elusive objective of preventing unwanted computer behavior instead of enabling wanted computer behavior. Security by design Main Security by design The technologies of computer security are based on logic . As security is not necessarily the primary goal of most computer applications ... Trust all the software to abide by a security policy but the software is not trustworthy this is computer ... a security policy with protection mechanism mechanisms that are not trustworthy again this is computer ... Computer security compromised by hardware failure Hardware based or assisted computer security offers an alternative to software only computer security. Devices such as dongle s may be considered more ... operating systems Main Security focused operating system One use of the term computer security refers ... security policies are absolutely enforced in an operating environment. An example of such a Computer ... with such methodology represent the state of the art Clarify date February 2009 WHAT ART? of computer ... at the highest level Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria Orange Book A 1 to operate over the range ... and access control lists Main Access control list Capability computers Within computer systems, two ... . First the Plessey System 250 and then Cambridge CAP computer demonstrated the use of capabilities ... operating system s where security is not an add on. Applications Computer security is critical in almost any technology driven industry which operates on computer systems. Computer security can also ... more details
Computer optimization may mean Solving an optimization mathematics optimization problem using a computer . Optimizing the performance of a computer system via Category Computer hardware tuning hardware tuning and or adjusting some operating system related settings either directly or using a piece of Category Computer system optimization software computer system optimization software . e.g., using disk defragmentation software. dab ... more details
Computer mathematics could refer to Scientific computing constructing numerical solutions and using computers to analyse and solve scientific and engineering problems Theoretical computer science collection of topics of computer science that focuses on the more abstract and mathematical aspects of computing Disambig SyN ... more details
My Computer may refer to A component or more precisely, a system folder in the Microsoft Windows file manager Windows Explorer , which itself is sometimes called My Computer My Computer band , from Manchester, England disambig ru ... more details
An organic computer may refer to a wetware computer , a computer made from biological materials organic computing , an emerging computing paradigm where a system and its components and subsystems are well coordinated in a purposeful manner. disambig ... more details
Triglav was a computer from Slovenia developed in the 1980s. See also http muzej.kiberpipa.org en ?page id 126 Page on Triglav at Kiberpipa Cyberpipe s computer museum Slovene computers Category Computing by computer model Compu hardware stub ... more details
Image RS Chess Computer.JPG thumb 1990s Pressure sensory chess computer with LCD screen Image ChessPlusIPad.jpg thumb Chess For the iPad Computer chess is computer architecture encompassing computer hardware hardware and computer software software capable of playing chess autonomously without human guidance. Computer chess acts as solo entertainment allowing players to practice and to better themselves when no human opponents are available , as aids to chess analysis, for computer chess competitions ... on the ICs.jpg thumb right Computer Chess IC bearing the name of developer Franz Morsch see also Deep ... for free. These engines are able to play a game that, when run on an up to date personal computer , can ... date 18 March 2007 publisher Computerschach und Spiele accessdate 21 May 2008 ref Swedish Chess Computer ... Swedish Chess Computer Association date 26 September 2008 accessdate 20 October 2008 ref and WBEC ... official computer chess tournaments such as CCT 8 and 9, ref http www.cctchess.com cct8 index.html CCT 8 results , http www.cctchess.com cct9 index.html CCT 9 results ref 2006 Dutch Open Computer Championship ... 17th International Computer Chess Championship IPCCC 2007 in Paderborn dead link date April 2010 ref and the 15th World Computer Chess Championship . As of December 17, 2010, Houdini chess Houdini is now ... ref Computers versus humans Main Human computer chess matches For a time in the 1970s and 1980s it was unclear ..., International Master David Levy chess player David Levy made a famous bet that no chess computer ... Chess 4.7 the strongest computer at the time , but acknowledged then that it would not be long before he would be surpassed. In 1989, Levy was defeated by the computer Deep Thought chess computer ... Deep Blue that Kasparov lost his first game to a computer at tournament time controls in Deep Blue Kasparov, 1996, Game 1 . This game was, in fact, the first time a reigning world champion had lost to a computer ... by conventional anti computer tactics play conservatively for a long term advantage the computer ... more details
Computer fraud is the use of information technology to commit fraud . In the United States, computer fraud is specifically proscribed by the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act , which provides for jail time and fines. Notable incidents Unauthorized access at North Bay Abdulswamad Jessica Quitugua Sabatia , a former accounts payable clerk for North Bay Health Care Group, admitted to using her computer to access North Bay s accounting software without authorization, and in turn issued various checks payable ... 875,035. On May 27, 2004, Sabatia, plead guilty to two counts of computer fraud, and faces ... to monitor his computer activity, and perform 240 hours of community service. Malicious Systems Admin at UBS A disgruntled computer systems administrator for http www.ubs.com UBS PaineWebber was charged with using a logic bomb to cause more than 3 million in damage to the company s computer network ... of 10 years in federal prison and a 1 million fine and one charge of computer fraud which carries ... for conspiracy, unauthorized access of a protected computer, access device fraud, money laundering ... accessed a computer database owned and operated by Acxiom Corporation, a company that stores ... David L. Smith , a 31 year old New Jersey programmer was accused of unleashing the Melissa computer ... on the users Microsoft Outlook address book. Each infected computer would infect 50 additional computers ..., resulting in substantial interruption and impairment of public communications and services. Many system administrators had to disconnect their computer system from the internet. Companies such as Microsoft ... Department s Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section, and the Defense Criminal Investigative ... for the studies described above. http www.usdoj.gov criminal cybercrime 1030NEW.htm The Computer ... Computer Security Statistics Crimes and Penalties External links http blogs.ittoolbox.com security investigator Information Security & Computer Fraud Cases & Investigations http www.ubs.com Union ... more details
dumb terminal sometimes also refers to publiccomputer terminals that are limited to monochrome ...unreferenced date October 2011 A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical computer hardware hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing ... on the host computer for its processing power is called a dumb terminal or thin client . A personal computer can run software that terminal emulation emulates the function of a terminal, sometimes allowing ... with history many Who date May 2011 in the computer industry realized that an affordable video data ... Datapoint Computer Terminal Corporation was announced in 1967 and shipped in 1969, making it one of the earliest ... 72 columns rather than the later more common choice of 80. Early video computer displays were sometimes ... required in a terminal. Most terminals were connected to mainframe computer s and often had a green or amber screen. Typically terminals communicate with the computer via a serial port , often using ... at Datapoint Computer Terminal Corporation as the processor for the Datapoint 2200 . Image ... computer terminal types are the various Wyse models whose Wyse 60 was a best seller&mdash many are still ... PCs could, however, emulate a terminal, if connected to a mainframe computer. Eventually microprocessor ... sometimes text console is a serial computer interface for text entry and display. Information ... or video display terminal VDT . Originally text terminals were electronic computer terminals connected ... the text terminal as it is convenient for computer programmers and appropriate for command line ... to operate a computer. Modern computers have a built in keyboard and display for the console. Some ... have Virtual console computer user interface virtual consoles to provide several text terminals on a single computer. A terminal emulator is a computer program in a graphical windowing system that lets ... typically 24 are visible. Unix systems typically Buffer computer science buffer the input text until ... more details
pp move indef File Morris Worm.jpg thumb Morris Worm source code disk at the Computer History Museum . File Conficker.svg thumb Spread of Conficker worm . A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often, it uses a computer network to spread itself. This is due to security shortcomings on the target computer. Unlike a computer ... almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer. Payloads Many worms that have been ... computer to allow the creation of a zombie computers zombie computer under control of the worm author ... opened by Mydoom , and at least one which? how soon released after the news went public instance ... it, and did its work without the consent of the computer s owner or user. Some worms, such as XSS ... queue in the infected computer. Another study proposed what seems to be the first computer ... dangerous computer worms Worms spread by exploiting vulnerabilities in operating systems. NOTE ... on Dependable and Secure Computing, computer scientists describe a potential new way to combat internet ... view 541456 work Newswise title A New Way to Protect Computer Networks from Internet Worms accessdate ... the behavior of the suspected computer. ref Moskovitch R., Elovici Y., Rokach L. 2008 , http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0167947308000315 Detection of unknown computer worms ... Nullroute Nullrouting TCP Wrapper libwrap enabled network service daemon computer software daemon s History ... year 1975 isbn 0060105593 ref On November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris , a Cornell University computer ... the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act . ref Cite book last Dressler first J. title Cases and Materials ... year 2007 isbn 9780314177193 ref See also Computer surveillance Computer virus Helpful worm E mail spam Spammer viruses Spam Timeline of notable computer viruses and worms Trojan horse computing XSS ... www.digitalthreat.net ?p 17 Worm Evolution Paper from Digital Threat Malware DEFAULTSORT Computer ... more details
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