Communal ownership is an ownership of a territorial commune and its bodies of self administration. Communal ownership is similar to municipal or publicownership. ref http kursmf.com.ua mf 14 1.htm 14.1.Principle of communal ownership Vladymyrov,K.M.,Chuiko,N.H.,Rohalskyi,O.F. Local finances Studying textbook 2005 ref Communal ownership is not part of State ownership state or private property . See also Commons Common ownership Constitutional economics Public space References reflist Bibliography Vladymyrov, K.M., Chuiko, N.H., Rohalskyi, O.F. Local finances Studying textbook 2005 , recommendation from the Ministry of Education Ukraine Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine http kursmf.com.ua index.htm External links Law of Ukraine, Civil Code, Book Third Ownership Rights and other Property Rights , Part I Ownership Rights http zakon.rada.gov.ua cgi bin laws main.cgi?page 6&nreg 435 15 Law of Ukraine Category Property law Category Political economy Law stub ... more details
Merge Government owned corporation date March 2012 State ownership , also called publicownership , government ownership or state property , are property interests that are vested in the State polity state , rather than an individual or communities . ref Cite book last Clarke first Alison coauthors and Paul Kohler title Property law commentary and materials publisher Cambridge University Press year 2005 pages 40 url http www.google.com books?id JnzxTbFwdLMC&dq 22public property 22 property theory&lr &as brr 3&source gbs navlinks s isbn 0 521 61489 9, 9780521614894 ref State ownership may refer to state ownership or control of any asset , industry , or Business enterprise at any level, Central ... full community non state ownership. The process of bringing an asset into publicownership is called ... 3&source gbs navlinks s isbn 0 521 61489 9, 9780521614894 ref Public property main public property There is a distinction to be made between state ownership and public property . The former may ... debt Public finance Liberalization Municipalization Nationalization Ownership society Private property Private sector Privatization Public company Public good Public sector Public services Regulation ... of a government owned corporation corporatization from other forms of government ownership may be a precursor to privatization . User rights When ownership of a resource is vested in the state, or any ... or that organization, such as a research laboratory, while public property refers to assets and resources that are available to the entire public for use, such as a public park see public space . By nation ... Union, more than Norway, when it comes to State ownership. ref http www.dn.no forsiden kommentarer ... a microphone after a televised debate, and the Norwegian public could hear his characterization of Norway as the last Soviet state. Back then, it was about state ownership, and in that regard few nations ... 2 DEFAULTSORT Public Property Category Property law Category Political economy Law stub sv Statligt ... more details
journals jls 19 2 19 2 1.pdf ref Examples of collective ownership include modern forms of corporate ownership as well as producer cooperatives, which are in contrast to forms of common ownership, such as a public ... sometimes socialists classify socialism as publicownership of the means of production and define ... Public or state ownership of industry is viewed as a temporary measure during ... as implicitly by all public bodies. Most co operatives have some element of common ownership, but some ...Economic systems sidebar Common ownership is a principle according to which the assets of an Business ... or by a public institution such as a governmental body. It is therefore in contrast to publicownership . Thus, rather than being owners of the enterprise, its members are held to be trustee s of it and its assets for future generations. Common ownership is a way of neutralising Capital economics ... of capital. Many socialist movements advocate common ownership of the means of production ... between collective ownership such as Private enterprise corporate private ownership and State enterprise state ownership and common property. ref name Httpwspusorgpublicownershipandcommonownership http wspus.org 1947 11 publicownership and common ownership ref In political philosophy , common ownership refers to joint or collective ownership by all individuals in society. Common ownership ... ownership differs from collective ownership . The former means property open for access to anyone ... ownership of land is an example of customary land ownership in tribal societies which predates ... on the land have common ownership through tradition . History of common ownership See also Communalism Before the Neolithic Revolution , tribe s practiced communal ownership of all assets, which preceded private ownership. ref cite book last LeFevre first Robert authorlink Robert LeFevre title The Philosophy of Ownership url http www.mises.org books ownership.pdf year 1971 page 20 ref The Indigenous ... more details
Public School Reform Meets the Ownership Society. Routledge http www.routledge.com books details 9780415961233 ...more footnotes date January 2012 original research date January 2012 Ownership society is a slogan for a model ... personal Moral responsibility responsibility , economic liberty , and the owning of property . The ownership ... Bill for Fiscal 03 , Feb 21, 2003 Scott Lindlaw . From 2004 Bush supporters described the ownership ... ownership , medicine , education and savings . The idea that the welfare of individuals is directly ..., it was implemented by measures such as the sale at affordable prices of public housing to tenants right to buy program , and privatization . Ownership and control As formulated by the Cato Institute ... with a generalised idea of ownership . The conceptual link here is by means of the idea that private property , the most familiar and everyday form of ownership, is being extended. Control is closely associated with ownership in that sense. This Cato Institute formulation is not, however, in terms of positive policies. It is more accurately a definition of ownership by taking the state out of the loop. So, for example, in health care ownership is not being defined just on the basis of informed ... ownership of property and political stake holding . This was an idea discussed in Europe and America ... and unexpected consequences Consistently with the basic tenet, proponents of an ownership society ... likely to favour a pattern of property ownership based on the purchase, rather than rental .... For example, ownership in one s child s education, for a parent, might be in the form ... of an unexpected or unintended consequence of government policy favouring direct share ownership, through ... numbered in millions. This broad based ownership created an administrative overhead, for example ..., you have a vital stake in the future of our country. The more ownership there is in America, the more .... President George W. Bush, June 17, 2004 We re creating... an ownership society in this country ... more details
Co ownership is a legal concept where two or more co owners share the legal ownership of a property . For the concept of co ownership in different legal codes, see Concurrent estate for co ownership in the common law system Co ownership football for co ownership in association football. compartecipazione in Italy Disambig pt Co propriedade fi Yhteisomistus sv Sam gander tt ... more details
Individualism sidebar Freedom Self ownership or sovereignty of the individual , individual sovereignty .... According to G. Cohen, the concept of self ownership is that each person enjoys, over himself ... Davidson described those possessed of a mind conducive to self ownership as sovereign individuals ... there can be defense of self ownership which can be critical of the idea of private property. The anarchist ... ref Self ownership and labour markets Ian Shapiro says that markets in labour affirm self ownership, because if self ownership were not recognized then people would not be allowed to sell the use ... as an implementation of the concept of self ownership, as are some portions of the United States Bill of Rights Bill of Rights . Citation needed date January 2012 Self ownership could be viewed as a decentralized .... Henry David Thoreau regarded self ownership as a key component in achieving utopia , while libertarianism libertarian political philosopher Robert Nozick based his theory of property ownership on the premise of self ownership. Disagreement about distinctions The trouble of defining the border of the self ... surgery in order to deliver a healthy baby. Even though self ownership advocates civil rights , it does ... from the original meaning of self ownership . The debate is further complicated as many individuals recognize the right of ownership to include the right to destruction what one has constructed, one ... right, but also as an honorable action. Discussion of the boundary of self with respect to ownership ...?facID 28 Meir Dan Cohen in his essays on The Value of Ownership and Responsibility and the Boundaries of the Self . The emphasis of this work is in illuminating the phenomenology of ownership ... basis for legal conceptions and debates about responsibility and ownership. Defining the borders ... liberal view of self ownership holds that money is alienable because it can be physically ... self ownership, if affirmed, extends. From this springs the idea of a wage slave or a debt slave ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Foreign ownership refers to the complete or majority ownership control of a business or Natural resource resource in a country by individuals who are not citizens of that country, or by company law companies whose headquarters are not in that country. See also Foreign Investment Review Agency Canada Holding company Subsidiary Foreign ownership of companies of Canada Foreign direct investment DEFAULTSORT Foreign Ownership Category Foreign direct investment Business term stub ... more details
is 40 percent less than before it sold the stock. Long term cross ownership of shares combined with a high ... cross ownership Cross ownership also refers to a type of media ownership in which one type of communications ... or TV station . One example is The New York Times s former ownership of WQXR FM WQXR Radio and the Chicago ... Commission generally does not allow cross ownership, to keep from one license holder having too much local media ownership, unless the license holder obtains a waiver, such as News Corporation and the Tribune Company have in New York. The mid 1970s cross ownership guidelines grandfathered ... News ownership of WPIX Television and Radio. DEFAULTSORT Cross Ownership Category Management Category ... more details
wiktionarypar participation In finance , participation is an ownership interest in a Mortgage loan mortgage or other loan . In particular, loan participation is a cooperation of multiple lenders to issue a loan known as participation loan to one borrower. This is usually done in order to reduce individual risk s of the lenders. The term is also used as a synonym to profit sharing , an incentive whereby employees of a company receive a share of the profits of the company. References Black s Law Dictionary DEFAULTSORT Participation Ownership Category Basic financial concepts Category Business law law term stub ... more details
Refimprove date November 2007 In business , fractional ownership is a percentage Share finance share ... and optionally purchase a fraction of a new asset. Whether fractional ownership provides a financial ... additional benefits for owners, such as capital loss allowances, while others might penalize ownership over renting. Aviation Fractional ownership offers an individual or company the option to purchase ... 200 flight hours per year of an aircraft. ref name aopa frax cite journal title Fractional Ownership ..., requests a flight, and drives to the airport. History The term fractional ownership originally became ... ownership concept has since been extended to smaller aircraft and has now become common for single ... fractional ownership, this is often known as group flying. Fractional ownership has played a significant ... manufacturers actively support fractional ownership programs. Fractional property ownership Refimprove date May 2007 Fractional ownership simply means the division of any asset into portions ... or deed to the property, and for tax benefits. Shared ownership of the property and its deed ... ownership is not the same as timeshare . Fractional ownership affords much of the freedom and usage benefits offered in timeshare, however, the fundamental difference with fractional ownership ... appreciates in value, then so do the shares. As with whole ownership, fractional owners can sell ... investment . Real property The practice of joining together with family and friends to share ownership .... Outside the USA a non commercial form of fractional ownership has been in existence for several ... ownership has caused extensive rebranding in other industries where similar concepts, such as real ... ownership is that with a timeshare you buy the right to use a property, but with fractional ownership, you are buying real estate. You get a deeded piece of real estate, just not for the entire ... 1021 4 pages 168 ref Fractional ownership divides a property into more affordable segments for individuals ... more details
Creator ownership is an arrangement in which the creator or creators of a work of fiction retain full ownership of the material, regardless of whether it is self publishing self published or by a corporate publisher. In some fields of publishing , such as fiction writing , creator ownership is a standard arrangement. In other fields such as comic book s, recording industry recorded music , or motion picture s creator ownership has traditionally been uncommon, with either work for hire or publisher purchase of the material being standard practice. Comic books Origins Most successful United States American comics have been traditionally either sold to their publishers before publication, or produced as work for hire. Consequently, creator s rights have long been a source of conflict, going back to the industry s late 1930s origins. Citation needed date July 2010 Creator owned titles began to appear during the late 1960s underground comix movement, and in the superhero genre with the mid 1970s creation of the short lived company Atlas Seaboard Comics . Neal Adams and the Comics Creators Guild During the 1970s, superstar artist Neal Adams was politically active in the industry, and attempted ... Struggle for Ownership of Superman and Superboy journal The Comics Journal issue 263 pages 13 17 ... the mature readers anthology Epic Illustrated , offering its writers and artists ownership rights ... has been published by four succeeding publishing houses. In the mid to late 1980s, creator ownership ... s rights and ownership, would see him burn bridges with a number of other publishers over the course ... creators to work for a publisher while maintaining ownership of their work. ref name Rebels Wiater, Stanley ... for creator owned projects. Pros and cons of creator ownership The financial advantages and disadvantages of creator ownership vary. Popular writer Peter David has frequently pointed out that his .... Steven Bissette and Scott McCloud, pp. 72 92. Groth, Gary. Creator vs. Corporate Ownership ... more details
The New York Times date November 12, 2011 quote Community ownership seems to resonate in these days ... Finance http www.regulateonline.org content view 365 31 Innovative Models of Financing, Ownership and Management ... more details
. Home Truths Property Ownership and Housing Wealth in Australia. Melbourne Melbourne University Press, 2000, p2. ref The prevalence of home ownership has meant that renters and owners are not divided ... households are home owners. ref Kemeny, Jim. A Political Sociology of Home Ownership in Australia. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 13 1977 47 52. ref In the past, home ownership ... dav Affordability See Australian property bubble Home ownership in modern Australia, however, is becoming ... time low in the late 1990s. ref Badcock, Blair and Andrew Beer. Home Truths Property Ownership ... ability to retain their homes. ref Badcock, Blair and Andrew Beer. Home Truths Property Ownership ... business negative gearing unhealthy says anz boss 20110602 1fiz8.html ref See also Public housing ... more details
An employee stock ownership plan ESOP is a defined contribution plan that provides a company s workers with an ownership interest in the company. Under the ESOP, companies provide their employees with stock ownership, typically at no cost to the employees. Shares are given to employees and are held in the ESOP .... The National Center for Employee Ownership estimates that there are approximately 11,300 employee stock ownership plans for over 13 million employees in the United States. ref http www.esop.org ESOP Employee Stock Ownership Plan Facts . ref Notable U.S. employee owned corporations include the 150,000 ... S ESOP study.pdf S Corp ESOP Legislation Benefits and Costs Public Policy and Tax Analysis ... Ownership for the Long Term The Challenge of the Mature ESOP Company. Staubus, Martin. 2011. ref ... gains associated with employee ownership. A study of a cross section of Subchapter S firms with an Employee Stock Ownership Plan shows that S ESOP companies performed better in 2008 compared to non ... S ESOP study.pdf S Corp ESOP Legislation Benefits and Costs Public Policy and Tax Analysis ... and Costs Public Policy and Tax Analysis. Freeman, Steven F. and Michael Knoll. 29 July 2008. ref A study conducted by the National Center for Employee Ownership found that S ESOP account balances ... and Wealth Accumulation in S ESOP Companies. Rosen, Corey. The National Center for Employee Ownership ... provide retirement savings plans for employees. Employee ownership appears to increase production and profitability, and improve employees dedication and sense of ownership. ref Paton, R. 1989 Reluctant ... and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, Oct., 1995. ref ref Gates, J. 1998 The Ownership Solution ... However, NBER Publications. ref ref Rosen, C., Case, J., Staubus, M., 2005 Equity Why Employee Ownership ... ownership can increase the employees financial risk if the company does poorly, ref Cornforth, C. 1988 ... National Center for Employee Ownership, 2010, Research on Employee Ownership, Corporate Performance ... more details
States , data on ownership and market share of media companies is not held in the public domain ...Original research date October 2009 Journalism Concentration of media ownership also known as media consolidation ... ownership becoming more concentrated. Such negative effects that could come into play are lack of competition ..., Concentration of Ownership. Global Issues, Updated 02 Jan. 2009. Accessed 21 Mar. 2011. http www.globalissues.org article 159 media conglomerates mergers concentration of ownership ref Media oligopoly ..., Concentration of Ownership. Global Issues, Updated 02 Jan. 2009. Accessed 21 Mar. 2011. http www.globalissues.org article 159 media conglomerates mergers concentration of ownership ref Elimination ... Pub Co, 2008. Print. ref Debates and issues Concentration of media ownership is very frequently ... When media ownership is concentrated in one or more of the ways mentioned above, a number of undesirable ... media is primarily loyal to sponsors, i.e. advertisers and government rather than to the public interest. Only a few companies representing the interests of a minority elite control the public airwaves ... and dependable in serving the public interest. Freedom of the press and editorial independence ... that do not serve their interests, the public suffers, since they are not adequately informed of some ... press. The force of public opinion cannot be resisted when permitted freely to be expressed. The agitation ... last Baker first C. Edmund title Media concentration and democracy why ownership matters New York ... of the concentration of media ownership is a shift to neoliberal deregulation policies, which is a market ... 2001 volume 52 issue 10 ref Critics of media deregulation and the resulting concentration of ownership ... as to reduce the accountability of information providers to the public. The ultimate consequence of consolidation, critics argue, is a poorly informed public, restricted to a reduced array of media options .... ref citation book last Baker first C. Edmund title Media concentration and democracy why ownership ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 The Municipal Ownership League was an United States American Third party United States third party formed in 1904 by controversial newspaper business magnate magnate and Congressman William Randolph Hearst for the purpose of contesting elections in New York City . Hearst, a lifelong Democratic Party United States Democrat , formed the party chiefly as a means of toppling the Tammany Hall political machine , a faction of the Democratic Party which then dominated city politics, and specifically to defeat Tammany crony George B. McClellan, Jr. , who was then running for a second term as Mayor of New York City . In addition to its anti Tammany stance, the League was chiefly concerned with publicownership municipal ownership of public utility public utilities , which were then in the hands of massive business combines called Trust 19th century trusts . Although Hearst had no wish to run on the League s ticket himself, feeling that a resounding loss would cripple his ambition to one day be elected President of the United States , he announced his candidacy for Mayor after failing to recruit attorney Charles Evans Hughes or Judge Samuel Seabury judge Samuel Seabury for the job. During the course of the election, Hearst, despite the opposition of Tammany, both major parties, the local Socialist Party of America Socialists , and every major newspaper other than his own, managed to create an coalition of trade union ists, immigrant s, Progressive Era Progressive reformers, and disaffected Democrats and Republican Party United States Republicans . On Election Day politics Election Day , November 7, 1905, Hearst polled 224,929 votes, or 37.16 . However, Mayor McClellan polled 228,397 votes 37.74 , and was thus narrowly re elected. After the election, well substantiated accusations of electoral fraud surfaced against McClellan and Tammany, but the results were not overturned. In addition to Hearst, the League fielded candidates for city council , borough ... more details
Use dmy dates date August 2010 File Tin Fu Court.jpg thumb 250px Tin Fu Court , a public housing estate of the Home Ownership Scheme in Tin Shui Wai , Hong Kong File Kam Hay Court.jpg thumb 250px Kam Hay Court in Ma On Shan The Home Ownership Scheme HOS zh c is a subsidized sale programme of public .... Resale Public housing units in Home Ownership Scheme housing estates are subject to sale restrictions of the Housing Ordinance. The Home Ownership Scheme Secondary Market is only open to eligible low income residents and low income tenants of rental public housing. Three years after being assigned HOS public housing units, owners are allowed to obtain a certificate from the Housing Authority ... as part of the government policy for public housing, to give the poor a chance to purchase as well as rent public housing from the government. Under the scheme, the government sells apartment flats ... incomes exceeded the Home Ownership Scheme requirements, but still had trouble affording private ... Ownership Scheme estates indefinitely, although the scheme remains in force at existing estates. History ... 29 January 2007 ref In 1987, forecasting that the demand for home ownership was on the rise, the Government ... of apartments available for purchase by public housing tenants. Initially, 2,000 scheme members would ... 35 50 per cent discount to the prevailing market . Owners who have sold their HOS public housing units will no longer be eligible for any form of public housing. In general, they are allowed after ... by excessive unfair competition from schemes such as the HOS. It was pointed out that a public rental tenant moving into a second hand Home Ownership Scheme flat would receive three lots of subsidies ... at the time were either transformed into public housing, or sold off to private developers. ref Cite ... See also List of Home Ownership Scheme courts in Hong Kong References Reflist External links http www.housingauthority.gov.hk ... http www.cityu.edu.hk hkhousing prm hos.htm History of Home Ownership Scheme , City University ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Total benefits of ownership TBO is a calculation that tries to summarize the positive effects of acquisition of new computer components . These effects might be increases in high value work, improvements in accuracy and efficiency, improvements in decision making or improvements in customer service. See also Total cost of ownership TCO DEFAULTSORT Total Benefits Of Ownership Category Product management Category Management accounting Category Costs Category Decision theory Econ stub ... more details
be possible to restore customary ownership of land alienated for public purposes during the colonial ...Use dmy dates date December 2011 The Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party or Our Party ref name RNZI 51445 cite news url http www.rnzi.com pages news.php?op read&id 51445 title New Solomons party aims to add stability to parliamentary politics date 18 January 2010 work Radio New Zealand International accessdate 1 November 2011 ref is a political party in the Solomon Islands . The party was established on 16 January 2010 and officially launched a month later ref name RNZI 51968 cite news url http www.rnzi.com pages news.php?op read&id 51968 title Solomons political party headed by the Opposition Leader launched date 16 February 2010 work Radio New Zealand International accessdate 1 November 2011 ref by the leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands Prime Minister , Manasseh Sogavare , and eight opposition MPs. ref cite web url http www.rnzi.com pages news.php?op read&id 17941 title New political party launched in Solomon Islands publisher Radio New Zealand International date 17 January 2010 accessdate 2010 01 18 ref It intends to contest the upcoming Solomon Islands general election, 2010 2010 elections . The party has stated its intention to invest Solomon Islands dollar 780 million over a period of 4 years in the rural economy from our own sources to improve the participation of our people in economic development . Provincial governments would be required to take an active part in rural development. ref http www.solomonstarnews.com news national ... ownership policy implemented in Vanuatu . ref http www.solomonstarnews.com news national 2697 our ... , he stated OUR Party is founded on Christian principles. OUR Party is committed to restore the ownership ... Ownership, Unity And Responsibility Party Category Political parties in the Solomon Islands Category Political parties established in 2010 Category Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party ... more details
Merge Media of Australia date March 2010 update date February 2010 Media ownership in Australia is distributed between commercial, national public broadcasters and not for profit community broadcasters. Australian media ownership has been described as one of the most concentrated in the world. ref Citation last Jones first Paul author link last2 Pusey first2 Michael author2 link title Mediated Political Communication in Australia leading issues, new evidence journal Australian Journal of Social Issues volume 43 issue 4 pages 583 599 origyear year 2008 month url archiveurl archivedate doi id ref For example, 11 of the 12 capital city daily papers are owned by either Rupert Murdoch s News Corporation or by John Fairfax Holdings . ref http www.aph.gov.au library INTGUIDE SP Media Regulation.htm Media Ownership Regulation in Australia Bot generated title ref Major companies Nine Entertainment Co. Nine Entertainment Co. previously PBL Media is a media company owned by CVC Asia Pacific . Originally a 50 50 joint venture with Consolidated Media Holdings . Has diverse interests including the Nine ... Government legislated specific controls over the ownership of broadcasting on television and radio in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992. These effectively prohibit ownership of more than ... s legislative reach over print media ownership is largely limited to general competition ... Media Ownership Regulation in Australia Bot generated title ref On 14 March 2005, the Australian Government announced proposals to amend the current media ownership laws. ref http www.austlii.edu.au ... SelecTV . Ownership of these stations and affiliates is mostly shared between PBL Media , Seven ... Ownership Concentration of media ownership References reflist External links http www.australianpolitics.com issues media ownership http www.apo.org.au linkboard results.chtml?filename num 00622 Media Policy Online http www.aph.gov.au library INTGUIDE SP media regulations.htm Media Ownership Regulation ... more details
unreferenced date December 2006 According to Gartner Group , who created this evaluation method, the abbreviation TVO means total value of ownership . Differs from total cost of ownership TCO in that it considers the benefits of alternative investments. It is a comparative measure that evaluates the TCO and any additional benefits, such as the mobility of laptops when compared to desktop computers. Category Microeconomics Category Finance microeconomics stub ... more details
nofootnotes date February 2011 Foreign ownership of companies of Canada has long been a controversial political issue in Canada . Concerns regarding foreign ownership generally regard ownership of previously Canadian assets by individuals or companies based in other countries. Note that the exact definition of foreign owned is debated, and that this article uses the working definition established at foreign ownership . Some estimates state that more than 50 of the petroleum and gas industry and more than 50 of all manufacturing in Canada is foreign owned and foreign controlled. Historically, foreign ownership was a political issue in Canada in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when it was believed by some that U.S. investment had reached new heights though its levels had actually remained stable for decades , and then in the 1980s, during debates over the Free Trade Agreement. But the situation has changed, since in the interim period Canada itself became a major investor and owner of foreign corporations. Since the 1980s, Canada s levels of investment and ownership in foreign companies have been larger than foreign investment and ownership in Canada. In some smaller countries, such as Montenegro, Canadian investment is sizable enough to make up a major portion of the economy. In the British province of Northern Ireland, for example, Canada is the largest foreign investor. By becoming foreign owners themselves, Canadians have become far less politically concerned about investment within Canada. Of note is that Canada s largest companies by value, and largest employers, tend to be foreign .... , previously BC Gas a public utility company , sold to American owned energy giant Kinder Morgan ... a target of state owned China Metals Corp. , but had backed out in 2005 amid public concern in Canada ... to General Electric Co. Tim Hortons , sold to US Wendy s International in 1995, later to be sold to the public an initial public offering IPO in 2005. CN Rail , the historic Canadian railway, now estimated ... more details
Co ownership is a system whereby two association football football clubs own the contract of a player jointly, although the player is only registered to play for one club. It is not a universal system, but is used in some countries, including Italy, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. This type of deal differs from Third party ownership in association football third party ownership , in that in the latter, the player s contract is owned by a non footballing entity, such as a management company. Italy Co ownership is common in Italian football. ref cite news title Parma sign Paloschi url http www.fifa.com worldfootball clubfootball news newsid 862302.html work fifa.com publisher FIFA F d ration Internationale de Football Association date 27 August 2008 accessdate 25 February 2010 ref They are regulated by Article 102 bis of Italian Football Federation FIGC Internal Organizational Regulations Norme Organizzative Interne della FIGC and are officially known as rights of participation diritti di partecipazione . ref name NOIF cite web title Norme Organizzative Interne della F.I.G.C. trans title F.I.G.C. Internal Organizational Regulations url http www.figc.it Assets contentresources 2 ContenutoGenerico 56. plit C 2 ContenutoGenerico 3817 Sezioni lstSezioni numSezione 1 lstCapitoli numCapitolo 6 upfFileUpload it.pdf format PDF work figc.it publisher Italian Football Federation Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio at Art. 102 bis accessdate 3 September 2010 language Italian ref For a co ownership to be set, a player must have at least two years left in his current contract. The co ownership ... When a player is in co ownership between two teams, he can still be sent on a free Loan association ... that the other owning club and the player agree. ref name NOIF An example of co ownership in practice ... a dispute over the rightful ownership of the player, it would have been settled by sealed bidding ... share. ref name adriano See also Transfer association football Third party ownership in association ... more details
The ownership of Arsenal F.C. Arsenal Football Club is considerably different from that of other clubs in Football in England English football . It is owned by a parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, which has relatively few shares which are infrequently traded. Historically, the club has been owned by descendants of the Bracewell Smith and Hill Wood families, but since 2007 the club has attracted outside interest and two rival tycoons have acquired significant share holdings. As of July 1, 2011, the majority shareholder in the club is the American Stan Kroenke , who holds 66.64 of the parent company. His rival, the Russian Uzbek Alisher Usmanov , owns 29.11 ref name arsenalboard cite web url http www.arsenal.com the club corporate info the arsenal board title Club Holdings work Arsenal Holdings Plc ref . Under Takeover Panel rules, Kroenke must in due course make an offer for every available share in the club. ref name guardian2011 cite web url http www.guardian.co.uk football 2011 apr 10 stan kroenke control arsenal title American Stan Kroenke to take full control of Arsenal work The Guardian date 2011 10 10 author Scott, Matt ref Overview Arsenal s parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a financial quote non quoted public limited company , whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,217 shares in Arsenal have been issued, ref name annualreport2007 cite web url http www.arsenal.com assets files documents jul 08 gun 1215525940 Arsenal Annual Report May 2007.pdf title Arsenal FC Annual Report 2006 07 publisher Arsenal Football Club ref and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE Group FTSE or Alternative Investment Market AIM instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on PLUS Markets PLUS http www.plusmarketsgroup.com ... title Arsenal Shares Buyout? ref Current shareholders Out of date Image arsenal ownership 3.JPG ... ref In April 2011, Kroenke extended his ownership of the club by purchasing the shareholdings ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
