Publicparticipation is a political principle or practice, and may also be recognised as a right right to publicparticipation . The terms publicparticipation may be used interchangeably with the concept or practice of stakeholder engagement and or popular participation. Generally publicparticipation .... The principle of publicparticipation holds that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision making process. Publicparticipation implies that the public s contribution ... Values for the Practice of PublicParticipation ref ref name autogenerated1 http www.co intelligence.org CIPol publicparticipation.html Principles of PublicParticipation Bot generated title ref Public ... Publicparticipation is part of people centred or human centric principles, which have emerged in Western ... , public policy and international relief and development programs. Publicparticipation is advanced by the humanism humanist movements. Publicparticipation may be advanced as part of a people first paradigm shift. In this respect publicparticipation may challenge the concept that big is better ... than one and arguing that publicparticipation can sustain productive and durable change. ref name ... ref The role of publicparticipation in economic and human development was enshrined in the 1990 ... and Transformation Bot generated title ref Public policy In some countries publicparticipation ... discussion forums, or deliberative citizens juries. There are many different publicparticipation ... mechanisms, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 30 2 , 251 290. ref Publicparticipation is viewed as a tool, intended to inform planning, organising or funding of activities. Publicparticipation ... practice. ref http www.involve.org.uk evaluation ref In the USA publicparticipation in administrative ... period of time. Publicparticipation is typically mandatory for rules promulgated by executive ... societies. Publicparticipation is a regarded as one potential solution to the crisis in public trust ... more details
Publicparticipation geographic information systems PPGIS was born, as a term, in 1996 at the meetings of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis NCGIA . ref Sieber, R. 2006. PublicParticipation and Geographic Information Systems A Literature Review and Framework. Annals of the American ... ppgishom.html PublicParticipation GIS, NCGIA Workshop Orono, Maine, US, 10 13 July 1996 ref PPGIS is meant ...., 2008. PublicParticipation GIS PPGIS , in K. Kemp Eds. Encyclopedia of GIS Sage Publications, p. 351 .... PublicParticipation and Geographic Information Systems A Literature Review and Framework. Annals of the American ... with the public to let them learn the technologies, then producing their own GIS. Publicparticipation .... Examples PublicParticipation in decision making processes works not only to identify ..., D, Langford, M. Using IT approaches to promote publicparticipation in renewable energy planning ... publicparticipation. Through a multi criteria spatial decision support system stakeholders were able ... planning and publicparticipation An application to the strategic planning of wind farm sites. 2009 ... publicparticipation in spatial planning for transportation system development, ref Zhong, E. A model .... ref Kingston, R. Community decision making PublicParticipation in Local Policy Decision ..., R., & Turton, I. 1999. Virtual Slaithwaite A web based publicparticipation Planning for Real ... planning Spatial empowerment and publicparticipation. http www.ncgia.ucsb.edu varenius ppgis papers ... the dots. Journal of Housing and Community Development 59 6 35 38. Sieber, Rene. PublicParticipation ... PPgis.Net Blog http dusk2.geo.orst.edu gis student bibs slurie.htm PublicParticipation ... of marginalized populations, who have little voice in the public arena, through geographic technology education and participation. PPGIS uses and produces digital maps, satellite imagery, sketch maps ... evaluated by Sawicki and Peterman. ref Craig, et al. 2002. Community Participation and Geographic ... more details
name ART115 EPC Article 115 ref This is a form of publicparticipation to patent examination. Filing ... for public to challenge validity of patents after they issue PublicparticipationPublic Patent Foundation Reexamination , US procedure for public to challenge validity of patents after they issue. Peer ... and PatentFizz DEFAULTSORT PublicParticipation In Patent Examination Category Patent law Category ...The involvement of the public in patent examination has been proposed and is currently used in some forms to help identifying relevant prior art and, more generally, to help assessing whether patent application s and invention s meet the requirements of patent patent law , such as novelty patent novelty , inventive step and non obviousness inventive step or non obviousness , and sufficiency of disclosure . Rationale The rationale for publicparticipation in patent application review is that knowledgeable ... where the public may submit prior art and commentary relevant to a given patent application and patent ... documents 1100 1134.htm sect1134 35 USC 122 plus MPEP commentary ref The public may, however, provide ... and public comment is sought. After the lapsing of a certain period 90 days in Australia ... the quality of patent examination, as well as re examination, through the involvement of the public ... reviewed by members of the interested public. They can submit prior art along with commentary and vote ... applications have been opened to the public and 8 have completed reviews. Over 28,000 site visits have ... peertopatent 2008 04 public successf.html PUBLIC SUCCESSFULLY PARTICIPATES IN U.S. PATENT EXAMINATION ... the public can comment on all pending published US patent applications. ref http www.patentdebate.com ... provides a community review format for enlisting members of the public to search for prior art ... title Requesting prior art from the public in exchange for a reward . ref Article One Partners ... members of the public to search for prior art for issued patents. bounty reward Bounties were offered ... more details
Censorship A strategic lawsuit against publicparticipation SLAPP is a lawsuit that is intended to censorship ... that it is in the public interest to encourage continued participation in matters of public significance, and that this participation should not be chilled through abuse of the judicial process ... facilities. Following the decision in Fraser v. Saanich , the Protection of PublicParticipation Act ... was largely formed by the first case to discuss and apply the Protection of PublicParticipation ... title Strategic Lawsuits against PublicParticipation SLAPPs and other abusive lawsuits last ... State s Free Speech Protections publisher http www.anti slapp.org The PublicParticipation Project ... D. Mass. 2003 . publisher http www.anti slapp.org The PublicParticipation Project www.anti slapp.org ... lawsuit against publicparticipation. The Supreme Court rejected that claim and affirmed the District ... the moving party s rights to publicparticipation. The Supreme Court explained blockquote Preexisting ... rights, may legitimately limit a party s publicparticipation. It would be illogical to read sections ... page 48, Strategic Lawsuits Against PublicParticipation The British Columbia Experience, RECEIL ... with the democratic process, and that Publicparticipation and dissent is an important part ... Legal threat Media transparency Publicparticipation col break Spamigation Vexatious litigation ... PublicParticipation Coming to a Controversy Near You Australian article, includes history of SLAPPs ... Against PublicParticipation Category Legal terms Category Tort law Category Lawsuits Category Abuse ... work ON THE MEDIA http onthemedia.org onthemedia.org publisher WNYC National Public Radio , PBS author ... on a substantive issue of some public interest or social significance. The concept originators later dropped the notion that government contact had to be about a public issue to be protected by the Right ... where it includes suits about speech on any public issue. ref name ccp 425 16 01 cite web url ... more details
orphan date June 2009 The Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Public Life at Local Level is a treaty of the Council of Europe , adopted in 1992. It grants alien law foreigners the right to vote in local election s, provided that they fulfil the same legal requirements as apply to nationals and have been lawful and habitual residents in the State concerned for the 5 years preceding the elections. The convention came into force in 1997, after the fourth ratification. As of 2010, the Convention has been ratified by eight member states. 5 more states have signed the convention, but not yet ratified it. ref http www.conventions.coe.int Treaty Commun ChercheSig.asp?NT 144&CM 2&DF 6 14 2009&CL ENG ref References reflist External links http www.conventions.coe.int Treaty en Treaties Html 144.htm Text of the Convention Category Council of Europe conventions and covenants Category Election law Category Immigration law Category Local government Category Treaties concluded in 1992 Category Treaties entered into force in 1997 Category Immigration to Europe Category 1992 in Europe Category 1997 in Europe Euro law stub de Europ isches bereinkommen ber die Beteiligung von Ausl ndern am kommunalen ffentlichen Leben fr Convention sur la participation des trangers la vie publique au niveau local ru ... more details
wiktionarypar participationParticipation may refer to Participation decision making , a notion in theory of management, economics and politics Participation ownership , sharing something in common with others Participation philosophy Participation Finance , getting some benefit from the performance of a certain underlying asset e participation , refers to participation in e government, and is related to the involvement of the citizen in the democratic process. Participant Participant redirects here. Participant Productions disambig id Partisipasi es Participaci n sh Participacija sr ... more details
Image Ceep.jpg thumb right CEEP European Centre of Enterprises with PublicParticipation and of Enterprises of General economic Interest CEEP Centre europ en des entreprises participation publique et des entreprises d int r t conomique g n ral is a European Union European association to represent public enterprises and enterprises which carry out services of general economic interest, whatever their ownership or status. CEEP is one of the three social partners UNICE and CEEP as employers associations and ETUC as employee s association on European level, recognized by the European Commission and it represents public sector employers in the European Social Dialogue. CEEP, and its Brussels office General Secretariat, represents the interests of its members before European institutions. By means of contacts to European institutions such as the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee as well as the departments of the EU Commission, as a social partner CEEP is consulted by the Directorate Generals of the European Commission on draft European Union regulation Regulations , European Union directive Directives and other legislation of interest to its members. CEEP sends representatives and observers to committees and consultative bodies of the European institutions, and so is able to keep its members up to date on the latest developments at European level which are of interest to them. President of CEEP is CEO of VKU, Hans Joachim Reck. External links http www.ceep.eu Website of CEEP http www.udpt.sk doc medzvztahy CEEP 20Activity 20Report 202008.pdf CEEP Activity Report 2008 http www.ppe.uk.com Website of the British section of CEEP Category Labour relations Category Organizations based in Europe Category Economy of the European Union de European Centre of Enterprises with PublicParticipation and of Enterprises of General Economic Interest fr Centre europ en des entreprises participation publique et des entreprises d int r t conomique g n ral ... more details
In social sciences, participation inequality consists of difference between levels of participation of various groups in certain activities. Common examples include differing levels of participation in democratic, electoral politics, by social class, race, gender, etc. differing levels of participation in online communities as described by Jakob Nielsen usability consultant Jakob Nielsen . ref http www.useit.com alertbox participation inequality.html ref In politics, participation inequality typically affects the kinds of individuals, such as the young, the poor and those with little formal education ref name enumtoNRE cite journal url http www.irpp.org choices archive vol9no7.pdf format PDF title From Enumeration to the National Register of Electors An Account and an Evaluation last Black first Jerome H. journal Choices publisher Institute for Research on Public Policy volume 9 number 7 issn 0711 0677 date 7 August 2003 accessdate 2011 03 30 ref who tend to not take the initiative to participate in electoral and related events. State enumeration, such as was done in Canada before the implementation of the National Register of Electors in 1996, worked to augment voter turnout among all segments of society and thus mitigated a natural tendency toward participation inequality in electoral politics . ref name enumtoNRE See also 1 rule Internet culture 1 rule Pareto principle References references Category Politics Category Sociological terms politics stub socio stub ... more details
Economics of participation is an umbrella term spanning the economic analysis of worker cooperative s, labor managed firm s, profit sharing , gain sharing , employee ownership , ESOP s, works councils , codetermination , and other programs and policies by which employees participate in decision making and or financial results in firms. Relevant Scholarly Organizations and Journals Journals and other publications Economic and Industrial Democracy Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics Journal of Comparative Economics Economic Analysis Journal Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory and Labor Managed Firms Scholarly associations International Association for the Economics of Participation Contributing Scholars David Ellerman Derek C. Jones James Meade Jaroslav Vanek External links http ocean.st.usm.edu w300388 International Association for the Economics of Participation IAFEP website Category Economics terminology econ stub ... more details
Creative Participation is a term used in social sciences to describe the position of the observer towards the observed. Creative Participation originally a Lucien L vy Bruhl term from the 1920 s for analysing social relations of cultural groupings, modified and revived by the German ethnologist http www.ifeas.uni mainz.de info Magisterabgeschlossen.html V. Dahlheimer rewrites the traditional participant observation approach and leaves more room for non materialistic cognition. Dynamic movements which can not be measured from disconnected or relative viewpoints can be captured by means of feelings. Verification of data through creative participation is possible through practical conception only and can at best be validated by empirical means. Creative Participation seeks to counteract classical problems in social science like i.e. rigid defense of theory, personal ambition, and weight of tradition which can lead to social and personal fragmentation. In consumer psychology Creative Participation is defined as consumers co creation of novel and valuable products, services, ideas, consumption experiences with firms during their purchase or consumption process. According to Need for Uniqueness theory, one of consumers motivations for creative participation may come from their need for unique products. When consumers need to acquire the symbol of distinct self by unique products, they are driven to create. Creative Participation is also used as an educational training method. It can breakdown barriers between participants and agencies , and encourage creative problem solving, and the building of positive relationships. In the political world Creative Participation presents the theory and practice of innovative forms of political participation, i.e. citizens cooperate in public ... of Social Participation . The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 27, No.1 Jul., 1921 , pp. 22 ... Systeme, 2007. DDC Notation 306 DDC22ger Creative Participation Responsibility Taking in the Political ... more details
. Participation in political science and theory of management refers to direct publicparticipation ... groups public documents un unpan028607.pdf E participation Country Index Provides an index on E ...lowercase Cleanup date July 2010 Refimprove date July 2010 e participation also written e Participation and e Participation is the generally accepted term referring to Information and communication technologies ICT supported participation in processes involved in government and governance . Processes may concern administration, service delivery, decision making and policy making. E participation is hence closely related to e government and e governance participation decision making participation ... of citizen and customer has become clearer. A more detailed definition sees e participation as the use ... and not only citizen related top down government initiatives. So e participation can be seen ... regions, nations, and local and global communities Harv Clift 2003 . The complexity of e participation processes results from the large number of different participation areas, involved stakeholders ... democratic model define at which part of the democratic processes participation is permitted such as direct ... to be reached, the arenas where it takes places becomes social arenas for ICT supported participation. On the definition The term participation means taking part in joint activities for the purpose of reaching a common goal. This encompasses both trivial situations in which participation mainly has ... often requires two or more people acting in a coordinated manner. But participation, even in trivial ... of complexity and context. When participation becomes complicated, decision making becomes ... and tools for e participation A number of tools and models have emerged as part of the Web 2.0 that can be used or inspire the design of architecture for e participation. In particular, the emergence ... to design socially mediating technology that support public government collaborations Harv Kriplean ... more details
wiktionarypar participation In finance , participation is an ownership interest in a Mortgage loan mortgage or other loan . In particular, loan participation is a cooperation of multiple lenders to issue a loan known as participation loan to one borrower. This is usually done in order to reduce individual risk s of the lenders. The term is also used as a synonym to profit sharing , an incentive whereby employees of a company receive a share of the profits of the company. References Black s Law Dictionary DEFAULTSORT Participation Ownership Category Basic financial concepts Category Business law law term stub ... more details
trial journal Health Expectations An International Journal Of PublicParticipation In Health Care ...File Seattle physician with patient 1999.jpg thumb As part of the patient participation model, patients work with physicians to decide on the best treatment option. Patient participation , also called ... of patient participation in nursing care journal Journal Of Clinical Nursing year 2008 volume ... Factors influencing older patients participation in care A review of the literature journal International ... journal author Buchanan A title Medical paternalism journal Philos Public Aff volume 7 issue 4 pages ... October pmid 8409892 doi ref A recent review of 115 patient participation studies, for example ... and patient participation, may be preferred by different patients. Many well renowned health agencies ... of the fact that many factors influence medical decisions, the basic premise of patient participation ... values and beliefs. The Ecological Model The ecological model of patient participation ... main components of patient participation. ref name Cegala cite journal author Cegala DJ title An exploration of factors promoting patient participation in primary care medical interviews journal Health ... understood the information. The second facet of patient participation, as proposed by this model, is assertive ... of patient participation is expressions of concern, including affective responses such as anxiety, worry, or negative feelings. The extent of participation can be determined based on how often a patient displays these four overarching behaviors. Factors that Predict Participation There are certain patient ... participation levels. However, other research has offered conflicting evidence for the effect of age on level of participation. One study found that age did not inversely relate to participation ... role in patient participation. Recent research has shown that, in general, low numeracy individuals ... role in the patient participation model. Researchers have developed specific measures to evaluate ... more details
The widening participation in higher education is a major component of government education policy in the United Kingdom and Europe . It consists of an attempt to increase not only the numbers of young people entering higher education, but also the proportion from so called under represented groups those from lower income families, Disability people with disabilities and some Minority group ethnic minorities . In this way it is hoped to redress the inequalities in participation between social class es. Widening participation is one of the strategic objectives of the Higher Education Funding Council for England HEFCE . The issue of widening participation became a Politics political issue after the Laura Spence Affair which hit the headlines in 2000 and after the 2003 University of Bristol admissions ... is linked to the Labour Party UK Labour government s target of increasing participation in higher ... Team for HEFCE s Widening Participation Activities. Based at Edge Hill University in the North West of England , Action on Access provides an invaluable resource for widening participation practitioners ... action Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills References Young participation in higher ... participation research addressing the barriers to participation in higher education , Report to HEFCE ... www.hefce.ac.uk pubs rdreports 2006 rd13 06 How to think about widening participation in UK higher ... 2006 rd13 06 Review of widening participation research addressing the barriers to participation ... DIUS http www.nao.org.uk publications 0102 widening participation in he.aspx Widening participation ... Paper The future of Higher Education, 2003 http www.hefce.ac.uk widen HEFCE Widening participation ... National co ordination team for widening participation in higher education http www.purepotential.org ... charity working to promote widerning participation. Widening Participation in the United Kingdom Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Widening Participation Category Education in the United ... more details
Youth participation is the active engagement of young people throughout their communities. It is often used as a short hand for youth participation in any many forms, including decision making, sports, schools and any activity where young people are not historically engaged. Coinage Youth participation ... for Youth in the United States defined youth participation as blockquote ...Youth participation ... features of youth participation are provision for critical reflection on the participatory activity ... Association CMHA established a definition of meaningful youth participation as blockquote Meaningful youth participation involves recognizing and nurturing the strengths, interests, and abilities ... of developmental processes, cultures and unique individuals in the world, participation is not any one phenomenon. There are various definitions of participation. A basic concept of participation however ... involvement is active, voluntary and informed. ref UNICEF Commonwealth Youth Programme Participation Toolkits 2006 Book One p7 ref Examples In these forms, youth participation activities may include ... organizations Youth participation often requires some measure of student voice or youth voice , as well ... Roger Hart created a model for thinking about youth participation as a continuum of activities. Entitled the Ladder of Participation, this spectrum identifies eight types of youth participation ranging ... as partners . ref Hart s Ladder of Participation is from 1992 Children s Participation From Tokenism ... Project has identified a range of youth participation in social change through his Cycle ... youth participation, while Daniel Ho Sang has analyzed models according to a horizontal continuum ... Participation and Community Change. New York Hawthorne Press. p 3. ref See also Association of Young ... on Resources for Youth UNICEF Commonwealth Youth Programme , both of which are focused on youth participation ... Irish National Youth Website http www.thecommonwealth.org Document 154211 162033 youth participation ... more details
Participation exemption is a general term relating to an exemption from taxation for a shareholder in a company on dividend s received, and potential capital gains arising on the sale of shares . Background The justification for a participation exemption is to eliminate double taxation of shareholders. In any accounting period , a company may pay a form of corporate income tax on its taxable profit which reduces the amount of post tax profit available for distribution by dividend to shareholders. In the absence of a participation exemption, or other form of tax relief, shareholders may pay tax on the amount of dividend income received. This results in double taxation as the dividend is paid out of taxed profits of the company. A participation exemption will typically provide that certain types of dividends are not taxed in the hands of shareholders. In addition, many participation exemption ... s share capital is held for a specified period. A participation exemption may apply to qualifying ... May 2008 Participation exemption regimes The existence of a participation exemption under a local .... Countries with a participation exemption include Austria Belgium Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Norway ... Participation exemptions generally limit taxation of a parent company corporation in its country ... of the subsidiary. Participation exemptions are only relevant in countries which tax companies on their income ... systems provide a partial exemption. A few extend this treatment to interest or other forms of participation ... percent of the equity of the subsidiary in order to qualify for participation exemption. In addition ... by tax authorities in order to benefit from participation exemption. This requirement, however, is becoming less prevalent. Alternatives to participation exemption Some jurisdictions offer alternative forms of tax relief which are designed to achieve similar results to a participation exemption. See also Dividends received deduction DEFAULTSORT Participation Exemption Category Taxation Category Corporate ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2009 technical November 2010 unreferenced December 2009 A participation certificate PC is a financial instrument of a form of financing used by municipality municipal or government entities which allows an individual to buy a share of the lease revenue s of an agreement made by these entities. It is different from a Bond finance bond issued by these agencies since these are secured by those revenues. Municipal and Government entities use this instrument to circumvent the restrictions that might exists on the amount of debt other forms of instruments able to take on. Another form of participation certificate is used by bank s to ease liquidity . In this case banks have the option to share their Credit finance credit asset s with other banks by issuing participation certificates. With this participation approach, banks and financial institutions come together either on risk sharing or non risk sharing basis. While providing short term funds, participation certificates can also be used to reduce risk. The rate at which these certificates can be issued will be negotiable depending on the interest rate scenario. Category Finance finance stub ... more details
Wiktionary participation Expert subject date August 2011 In Philosophy participation is the inverse of inherence . Accident philosophy Accidents are said to inhere in Substance theory substance . Substances, in turn, participate in their accidents. For example, the color red is said to inhere in the red apple. Conversely, the red apple participates in the color red. Participation also is predicated by analogy to a dependence relations between accidents. Thus an act may be said to participate in time in the sense that every act must occur at some time. In a similar way, color may be said to inhere in space, meaning that a color occurs only on the surface of a body and thus only in space. Inherence, on the other hand, would not normally be predicated analogously of accidents. Category Metaphysics Philo stub ... more details
Refimprove date May 2011 The participation criterion is a voting system criterion . It is also known ..., December 1994 date December 1994 ref as follows In a deterministic framework, the participation criterion ... framework, the participation criterion says that the addition of a ballot, where each candidate ... voting , range voting , and the Borda count all satisfy the participation criterion. Citation needed ... and Democracy accessdate 2011 05 12 ref fail. Voting systems that fail the participation criterion ... choice win. The participation criterion for voting systems is one example of a Participation constraint mechanism design rational participation constraint for social choice mechanism design mechanisms in general. TOC limit limit 3 Quorum requirements The most common failure of the participation ... quorum requirements. Citation needed date May 2011 A public referendum , for example, that required majority approval and a certain number of voters to participate in order to pass would fail the participation ... no s , by contrast, would pass the participation criterion. Examples Copeland Main Copeland s method This example shows that Copeland s method violates the Participation criterion. Assume four candidates ... and made B Condorcet winner and thus, overcoming A. Hence, Copeland fails the Participation ... voting violates the Participation criterion. Assume three candidates A, B and C and 15 potential voters ... least preference. Thus, Instant runoff voting fails the Participation criterion. Kemeny Young method Main Kemeny Young method This example shows that the Kemeny Young method violates the Participation ... to overcome the first one. Thus, Kemeny Young fails the Participation criterion. Majority Judgment Main Majority Judgment This example shows that Majority Judgment violates the Participation criterion ... rating to Good , since another voter agreed with this rating. Thus, Majority Judgment fails the Participation ... violates the Participation criterion. Assume four candidates A, B, C, D with 18 potential voters and the following ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Participation dance , also known as group participation dance or audience participation dance , is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles based on purpose. The purpose of this type of dance is to actively encourage dancing participation in a group. The dancing that is encouraged might be among those who would otherwise be passive dance viewers, or it might be among dancers who are encouraged to dance in a new way, or with new partners. This compares to other major dance categories based on purpose Ceremonial dance Competitive dance Erotic dance Performance dance Social dance Participation dance is also the common name for social game s based on dancing. These can be seen, for example, at weddings, festivals, and other large social gatherings. Some of these dances consist of a few simple steps which are learned during participation, either from simple instructions given by a dance leader or from watching others who are already experienced at the routine. Examples are Electric Slide , Macarena song Macarena , YMCA song YMCA , and the Chicken Dance . Other participation dances have an easily learned song that is sung to the music and which may act as a reminder of the steps. Examples are the Hokey cokey , and the similar Hokey Pokey . Cuing by a danceleader is not uncommon in this type of participation dance. Others incorporate some kind of game. Participation dance games Elimination Elimination rules disqualify a dancer or dancers. This can be include of lack of endurance, entering a particular part of the floor, a specific age, and so on. Follow the leader A designated leader makes some motions, usually repeating several times, and the rest repeat the motions. In some cases the dancers form a chain or a file. Examples ... of participation game for dancers that have some skills in Social dance social dancing . During ... DEFAULTSORT Participation Dance Category Dance ... more details
Reflist External links http www.orcadigital.com products participation tv Orca Digital s Participation TV platform http www.ofcom.org.uk consult condocs participation introduction Ofcom s regulation of UK Participation TV http www.mobilemarketingmagazine.co.uk 2006 01 participation t.html Mobile Marketing Magazine s explanation of Participation TV Leading UK Participation TV broadcasters producers ... Club Paradiso adult DEFAULTSORT Participation Tv Category Television genres ... more details
participation and psychology Studies have also found that the nature and the level of participation ... Citation needed date October 2009 . Participation in the social web Expand section date October 2009 Online participation is relevant in different systems of the social web such as Blogging Harv ... e participation Knowledge ecosystem Legitimate peripheral participation br in Community of practice ... cite journal ref harv last Bishop first J. year 2007 title Increasing participation in online ... of Online Cooperation Gifts and Public Goods in Cyberspace editor last Smith editor first Marc ... that influence participation editor last Foth editor first M. title Handbook of research on urban ... factors Incentives for participation and contribution in Wikipedia editor last Barak editor first A. title ... the Contribution, Participation, Skills, and Reputation equity a person can gain by actively engaging in online communities. DEFAULTSORT Online Participation Category Social psychology Category Virtual ... more details
Participation loans are loans made by multiple lenders to a single borrower. Several banks, for example, might chip in to fund one extremely large loan, with one of the banks taking the role of the lead bank. This lending institution then recruits other banks to participate and share the risks and profits. The lead bank typically originates the loan, takes responsibility for the loan servicing of the participation loan, organizes and manages the participation, and deals directly with the borrower. Participations in the loan are sold by the lead bank to other banks. A separate contract called a loan participation agreement is structured and agreed among the banks. Loan participations can either be made on a pari passu basis with equal risk sharing for all loan participants, or on a senior subordinated basis, where the senior lender is paid first and the subordinate loan participation paid only if there is sufficient funds left over to make the payments. Such senior subordinated loan participations can be structured either on a LIFO Last In First Out or FIFO First In First Out basis see FIFO and LIFO accounting . The five biggest reasons that financial institutions use participation loans are as follows Selling loan participations allows the lead bank to originate an exceptionally large loan that would otherwise be too large for it to handle by itself. By engaging other banks as participants, the lead bank can remain within its own legal lending limits and still come up with sufficient cash for funding. Banks that buy loan participations share in the profits of the lead bank. If a lending institution isn t doing much business on its own, or is in a slow market, it can team up with a profitable lead bank in a healthier market to generate more lending income. Buying participation loans is a way for banks to diversify their assets. By investing a variety of loans in different ... greater than average risk. Selling participation loans allows the lead bank to keep control of more ... more details
Participation bias is a phenomenon in which the results of elections , studies , Opinion poll polls , etc. become non representative because the participants disproportionately possess certain traits which affect the outcome. For instance, a study found that those who refused to answer a survey on AIDS tended to be older, attend church more often, are less likely to believe in the confidentiality of surveys, and have lower sexual self disclosure. ref cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1G1 54128117.html title Participation Bias in AIDS Related Telephone Surveys Results From the National AIDS Behavioral Survey NABS Non Response Study. ref See also Selection bias References reflist Category Social sciences Category Bias science stub ... more details
Participation mystique , or mystical participation, refers to the instinctive human tie to symbolic fantasy emanations. This symbolic life precedes or accompanies all mental and intellectual differentiation. The concept is closely tied to that of Projection psychology projection because these contents, which are often mythological motifs, project themselves into situations and objects, including other persons, as readily as we project color into the objects we perceive. and there was me thinking I was just seeing light reflected off them Carl Jung Jung defines Participation Mystique as one of his basic definitions in Psychological Types , crediting it to L vy Bruhl . Blockquote PARTICIPATION MYSTIQUE is a term derived from L vy Bruhl. It denotes a peculiar kind of psychological connection with objects, and consists in the fact that the subject cannot clearly distinguish himself from the object but is bound to it by a direct relationship which amounts to partial identity. Jung, 1921 1971 paragraph 781 . blockquote Jung used the term throughout his writings after L vy Br hl s work was published in 1912. Jung referred to it consistently with the French terminology rather than using the English mystical participation until Man and His Symbols was published after his death. Blockquote The further we go back into history, the more we see personality disappearing beneath the wrappings of collectivity. And if we go right back to primitive psychology, we find absolutely no trace of the concept of an individual. Instead of individuality we find only collective relationship or what L vy Bruhl calls participation mystique Jung, 1921 1971 par. 12 . blockquote Jung s concept of Attitude ... to participation mystique. Blockquote I am reminded of another mental case who was neither a poet .... His primitive participation mystique took it for granted that his agitations were plainly the agitations ... French ethnologist Lucien L vy Br hl called a mystical participation Jung et. al., 1964 24 . blockquote ... more details
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