Whole value may refer to Ethic whole value , see Value ethics Whole value Economic whole value, a quantity used to describe things in a domain. Whole values are not themselves things, but measures of things. As such they do not have an identity of consequence. ref http fit.c2.com wiki.cgi?WholeValue fit.c2.com Whole Value ref References reflist dab ... more details
value theory value assigned to life in general, or to specific living organisms. In social ... , and globalization . Discussions about the value of life would be more or less limited to university philosophy departments and religious groups if it were not for the fact that this value must be calculated .... It is not commonly attached to lives of individuals or used to compare the value of one person s life ... lives or producing lives. Treatment in economics There is no standard concept for the value of a specific ... with regard to their health, economists often consider the value of a statistical life VSL . The VSL is the value that an individual places on a Marginal concepts marginal change in their likelihood of death. Note that the VSL is very different from the value of an actual life. It is the value placed ... last Viscusi first Kip coauthors Joseph E. Aldy title The Value of a Statistical Life A Critical ... the Value of Life? A Meta Analysis journal Journal of Policy Analysis and Management year 2001 volume ... employed, the estimated economic value of these benefits ranges from 5.6 to 49.4 trillion, in 1990 ... annual compliance expen ditures in the private sector and program implementation costs in the public sector, totaled 523 billion in 1990 dollars. The value of improvements to health conditions were converted ... with Value of Life calculations since it came under regular attack in the 1980s and 1990s for the Social .... The assignment of a value to individual life is one possible approach to attempting to make rational ... to obtain a marginal benefit amount, some estimation of the dollar value of life is required ... useful to put a precise economic value on a given life. There can be no such thing as a perfectly ... sustainable . Estimates of the value of life In the US, the following estimates have been applied to the value of life. The estimates are either for one year of additional life or for the statistical value of a single life. 50 000 per year of quality life international standard most private and government ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In the study of collectibles , historic value means an increase in Value economics value because of history historical aging. Collectibles Rares Rarity DEFAULTSORT Historic Value Category Collecting Econ stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Extrinsic value is value which arises because of an agreement Although the intrinsic value economics value of a 100 currency note is not much more than the value of any similar piece of paper with a comparable graphic on it, it has a practical value an extrinsic value of 100. This type of value is regularly associated with Representative money . If its issuing authority were to fail to honor the note s value, it would soon become nearly worthless. See also Intrinsic value ethics Value disambiguation DEFAULTSORT Extrinsic Value Category Money Econ stub ... more details
Reproductive value may refer to several ideas Reproductive value social psychology , the attributes of a potential partner in mate selection Reproductive value population genetics , the contribution of an individual to the future generations disambig ... more details
Negative value may refer to Negative predictive value in statistics Negative ethic or philosophic value insolvency disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 The value grid model was proposed by Pil and Holweg as a means to show that the way firms compete has shifted away from the linear value chain way management theory has traditionally thought about value chain management. The advantages of a value grid framework, as opposed to value chains, is in allowing companies managers to strategize and coordinate operations. Common non linear value chain strategies include influencing demand, modifying information access, exploring multitier penetration, managing risk, seizing value, integrating value, creating new value propositions, exploiting value chains across tiers, pursuing pinch point mapping, and defining demand enablers. Literature Pil, F.K. and Holweg, M. 2006 Evolving from value chain to value grid. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47 4 72 80 See also Value chain Supply chain management DEFAULTSORT Value Grid Category Strategic management Chain Category Value Category Process management ... more details
L value or L value may refer to A value computer science that has an address The value assigned to an L shell , a particular set of planetary magnetic field lines A measure of brightness of a lunar eclipse on the Danjon scale See also R value disambiguation disambig ... more details
Terminal value can mean several things Terminal value accounting , the salvage or residual value of an asset Terminal value finance , the future discounted value of all future cash flows beyond a given date Terminal value philosophy , core moral beliefs Terminal value in Backus Naur form , a grammar definition denoting a symbol that never appears on the left hand side of the grammar list In computer science generally, character s that signify the end of a line disambiguation ... more details
Value America or VA was a dot com company founded in Nevada in 1996 ref name standard Perine, Keith. http findarticles.com p articles mi m0HWW is 33 3 ai 66682364 An American Dream Gone Bad , The Industry Standard , August 28, 2000. Retrieved September 10, 2007. ref by Craig Winn and Rex Scatena, and relocated to Charlottesville, Virginia Charlottesville , Virginia in February 1998. ref name standard Its business model involved connecting customers on the Web directly to manufacturers, with the intent of providing better pricing and faster shipping a Just In Time business just in time model similar to those used by Wal Mart and Dell . Customers could order a wide range of products from VA s website ... 10, 2007. ref Value America was backed by Microsoft co founder Paul Allen s Vulcan Inc. Vulcan Ventures and FedEx co founder Frederick W. Smith . ref name news wolverton Initial Success Value America s initial public offering in April 1999 was a success on the first day the stock closed at 55 ... www.resellerratings.com store Value America Value America Customer Ratings, Reviews and Prices at ResellerRatings ... Order to Aid Public Comment , June 2000. Retrieved September 10, 2007. ref Also, many of the products Value America was trying to sell were easily available in many other places, making it difficult ... E tailer Value America cuts staff, loses execs CNET News.com, December 29, 1999. Retrieved September ... executed. ref name news wolverton By 2000, Value America was failing due to the negative effect that the communication problems had on their customer service. The stock had fallen to 72 cents and Value ... 244388.html Value America files for bankruptcy, lays off 185 , CNET News.com, August 11, 2000. Retrieved ... &contentId A58834 2000Oct22 Value America To Sell Off E Services Business , The Washington ... view of the collapse of Value America, written by the 5 people who founded the company, and increased its value to 2.3 billion. Believing the mantra that entrepreneurs never make good managers , it was at this point ... more details
Nihongo Baribari Value Sekai Baribari Baryuu or Baribari Value Around the World is a weekly panel game show that is currently being broadcast from 22 00 Japan Standard Time JST until 22 54 every Wednesday it is produced by Mainichi Broadcasting System MBS TV in Osaka , Japan . Quiz questions are set by reporters on location, who ask celebrity panelists in the studio to guess the prices of various things. In the show s original format, panelists guessed the prices of expensive or unusual items or services from around the world. In the present format, however, they are asked to guess prices related to the lifestyles of the rich. The rich people visited are generally in Japan, although questions are sometimes sent from overseas. Baribari started airing in Japan on April 15, 2003. From the start of its run until October 2005, the show was being broadcast between 22 00 JST and 22 54 every Tuesday. It earned consistently good ratings every week. On October 19, 2005, its showtime was moved to Wednesdays from 22 00 until 22 54. Its ratings faltered for a while, then recovered. Baribari is well known as a celebrity introduction show in Japan. This quiz show has introduced to the public celebrities such as Japanese celebrity surgeon Yuko Ikeda and her beloved daughter Kanako Ikeda . External links http mbs.jp baribari Baribari Value around the World in Japanese language Japanese http special.auctions.yahoo.co.jp html baribarivalue Baribari Value special website Category Japanese game shows ja ... more details
Marxism File Surplus value.jpg thumb The production of surplus value, from Karl Marx s Capital in Lithographs , by Hugo Gellert , 1934 Surplus value is a concept used famously by Karl Marx in his critique ... proudhon and marx on exploitation . ref It refers roughly to the new value created by workers in excess of their own labour cost, a value which Marx said was appropriated by the capitalist as gross ... www.marxists.org archive marx works 1867 c1 ch08.htm ref Quotation Surplus value and the rate of surplus value are... the invisible essence to be investigated, whereas the rate of profit and hence the form of surplus value as profit are visible surface phenomena Karl Marx, Capital Vol. 3 , Pelican ... was mainly due to the competitive striving to obtain maximum surplus value from the employment ... slumbered in the lap of social labor? Theory The problem of explaining the source of surplus value is expressed by Friedrich Engels as follows Quotation Whence comes this surplus value? It cannot come either from the buyer buying the commodities under their value, or from the seller selling them above their value. For in both cases the gains and the losses of each individual cancel each other, as each ... as follows Quotation If the exchange value of a product equals the labour time contained in the product, then the exchange value of a working day is equal to the product it yields, in other words ... amounts to the problem, how does production on the basis of exchange value solely determined by labour time lead to the result that the exchange value of labour is less than the exchange value of its ... an output value greater than what it costs to hire him. Although his wage seems to be based on hours worked, in an economic sense this wage does not reflect the full value of what the worker produces ... of 30, the capitalist obtains a surplus value of 10 his capital has not only been replaced by the operation ... action by workers. Definition Total surplus value in an economy Marx refers to the mass or volume of surplus ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In life insurance , value of in force is the present value of the Profit accounting profits that will emerge from a block of life insurance policies over time. The value of in force business is the present value of expected future earnings on in force business less the present value cost of holding capital required to support the in force business. DEFAULTSORT Value Of In Force Category Insurance Econ stub ... more details
Marxism The law of value is a central concept in Karl Marx s critique of political economy , first expounded ... law of value and chapter 3, titled Application of the Law of the Proportionality of Value . http www.marxists.org ... of human work the relative exchange value s of those products in trade, usually expressed ... necessary to produce them. ref Marx formulates the law of value as follows The magnitude of the value ... 1970. p. 29. ...the value of commodities is determined not by the labour time originally taken by their production .... ref Thus, the fluctuating exchange value of commodity Marxism commodities exchangeable products is regulated by their value , where the magnitude of their value is determined by the average quantity of human labour which is currently socially necessary to produce them see labor theory of value and value ... busy across more than two decades. Theorizing the value of labour products The law of value is often equated with the labour theory of value but this is strictly speaking an error, for five reasons. The law of value only states a general regulative principle about the necessary and inevitable relationship ... required to supply them. The labour theory of value in economics aims to explain how that determination actually works, what kinds of causal relationships are involved, how the law of value interacts with other economic laws, etc. For Marx himself, the labour theory of value referred only to the theory of value upheld by some of the classical political economists from William Petty to David Ricardo , who regarded human labour as the real substance of product value. Marx s value theory is not a theory of all value, but only of the value system involved in commodity production and commodity trade. Marx never referred to his own theory as a labour theory of value his own critique of the political economists was, that they all failed to explain satisfactorily how the determination of product value ... of absolute rent, without violating the law of value David Ricardo Ricardo , he said, had denied ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The value of control is a quantitiative measure of the value of controlling the outcome of an uncertainty variable . Decision analysis provides a means for calculating the value of both perfect and imperfect control . The former value, informally known as the value of wizardry , is an upper bound for the latter. Obtaining meaningful value of control measurements requires an awareness of important restrictions concerning the nature of free will and the meaning of counterfactual statements on the validity of this kind of analysis. See also Value of information Decision wizard Wizard Philo stub DEFAULTSORT Value Of Control Category Value Category Free will ... more details
Real value may refer to Real versus nominal value , real values are the actual values of something while nominal values are the stated values of something Real versus nominal value economics , nominal values are the face value of currency over long periods of time years , whereas real values have been corrected for inflation disambig ... more details
R value can refer to Properties of materials R value insulation , the efficiency of insulation of a house R value soils , stability of soils and aggregates for pavement construction value computer science r value , in computer science, a value that does not have an address in a computer language R factor crystallography , a measure of the agreement between the crystallographic model and the diffraction data In statistics, r or r value refers to the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient , often called simply correlation coefficient In the physical sciences, the gas constant is often denoted by the symbol R In ophthalmic optics, r value refers to the distance between the segment optical center and the segment top See also L value disambiguation disambig ... more details
Value in use is the net present value NPV of a cash flow or other benefits that an asset generates for a specific owner under a specific use. In the U.S., it is generally estimated at a use which is less than highest and best use, and therefore it is generally lower than market value . When a particular user enjoys special benefits, such as extraordinary financing, agglomeration benefits, or grandfathered zoning, then the value may be higher than market value , and the value is considered to be an investment value . International Valuation Standards The current edition of International Valuation Standards Committee International Valuation Standards IVS 2007 re states the IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards definition of value in use , which would allow for either a higher value than market value or a lower value than market valueValue in Use The present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or a cash generating unit ref PDF http www.ivsc.org pubs exp drafts ivs2.pdf Exposure Draft of Proposed Revised International Valuation Standard 2 Bases Other than Market Value, June, 2006 204 Kibibyte KiB application pdf, 209584 bytes ref . As defined in IVS2, investment value is the valuation equivalent of the accounting accountancy concept of value in use. Whereas IFRS s define the accountancy concepts of fair value and value in use in operational terms, IVSs define Market Value and Investment Value by way of generalised definitions. References references DEFAULTSORT Value In Use Category Real estate valuation Category Valuation Category Mortgage econ theory stub de Value in use ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 Equity value is the value of a company available to owners or shareholders. It is the enterprise value plus all cash and cash equivalents, short and long term investments, and less all money market short term debt , long term debt and minority interests. Equity value accounts for all the ownership interest in a firm including the value of unexercised stock options and securities convertible to equity. From a mergers and acquisitions academic perspective, equity value differs from market capitalization or market value in that it incorporates all equity interests in a firm whereas market capitalization or market value only reflects those common shares currently outstanding. Calculating Equity Value Equity value can be calculated two ways, either the intrinsic value method, or the fair market value method. The intrinsic value method is calculated as follows Equity Value Market capitalization Amount that in the money stock options are in the money Value of Stock equity issued from in the money convertible security convertible securities Proceeds from the conversion of convertible securities The fair market value method is as follows Equity Value Market capitalization fair value of all stock Option finance options in the money and out of the money , calculated using the Black Scholes formula or a similar method Value of convertible security convertible securities in excess of what the same securities would be valued without the conversion attribute The fair market value method more accurately captures the value of out of the money securities. stock market Category Mathematical finance Category Fundamental analysis econ stub de Equity Value ... more details
In philosophy, value is a property of object philosophy objects , including physical object s as well as abstract object s e.g. Action philosophy actions , representing their degree of importance or worth. fact date February 2012 The study of it is included in value theory . An object with philosophic value may be termed an ethic or philosophic good . Similar concepts Philosophic value is sometimes used synonymously with goodness . However, goodness has many other meanings as well. Ethic value Main Ethic value Similar to that ethics may be regarded as a subfield of philosophy, ethic value may be regarded as a subgroup of philosophic value . Ethic value denotes something s degree of importance, with the aim of determining what action or life is best to do, or at least attempt to describe the value of different actions. It may be described as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, putting value to them. It deals with right conduct and good life, in the sense that a highly, or at least relatively highly, valuable action or may be regarded as good , and an action of low, or at least relatively low, value may be regarded as bad . See also Meaning of life Purpose in life Intrinsic value ethics Instrumental value Category Value fi Arvo pt Valor filosofia simple Good philosophy sk Hodnota filozofia ... more details
Value conversion is the act of converting one type of value or financial instrument into another type of negotiable value. In the securities profession the definition of conversion value is very narrowly defined as the positive difference between the market price of a convertible security and the price at which it is convertible. The larger topic of Value conversion is relevant to the managing of intangible assets or intellectual capital . It refers to the act of transforming financial to non financial value or an intangible asset into a financial asset. Intangible asset management has largely focused on valuation of intangible assets like trying to assign a financial value to an asset such as reputation. The theme of value conversion also runs through social exchange theory and more classical views of exchange value . References 1 Allee, Verna. Value Network Analysis and Value Conversion of Tangible and Intangible Assets, Journal of Intellectual Capital. ISSN , Publisher Emerald Insights, Year 2008, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 5 24, Digital Object Identifier, doi 10.1108 14691930810845777 Econ stub Category Capital ... more details
Function value may refer to In mathematics, the value of a function mathematics function when applied to an argument In computer science, a closure computer science closure disambiguation ... more details
Citations missing date August 2009 Other uses Value disambiguation In ethics , value is a property of object ... actions , representing their degree of importance . Ethic value denotes something s degree ... attempt to describe the value of different actions Axiology . It may be described as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, putting value to them. It deals with right conduct and good ... as ethically good adjective sense , and an action of low, or at least relatively low, value may be regarded ... it increases, decreases or alters. An object with ethic value may be termed an ethic or philosophic good noun sense . Study Ethical value may be regarded as a study under ethics , which, in turn, may ... value may be regarded as a subgroup of the more broad and vague philosophic value . Ethical value ..., or at least attempt to describe the value of different actions. It may be described as treating actions themselves as abstract objects, putting value to them. It deals with right conduct and good ... as good , and an action of low, or at least relatively low, value may be regarded as bad . The study of ethical value is also included in value theory . Similar concepts Ethical value is sometimes used ... be regarded as more ambiguous. Absolute and relative See Value personal and cultural There is a distinction between relative or personal or cultural value and absolute or noumenal value not to be confused with mathematical absolute value . Relative value is subjective, depending on individual and cultural views, and is therefore synonymous with personal and cultural value . Absolute value, on the other ... views, as well as independent of whether it is apprehended or not. Relative value may be regarded as an experience by Subject philosophy subjects of the absolute value. Relative value thus varies with individual and cultural interpretation, while absolute value remains constant, regardless of individual or collective experience of it. Relative value may be explained as an assumption from which ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
