- Pukao
Image Ahu Tahai.jpg thumb 150px Re erected tuff moai at Ahu Tahai with restored scoria pukao and replica coral eyes. Pukao are the hats or topknots formerly placed on top of some moai statues on Easter Island . They were all carved from a very light red volcanic stone scoria , which was quarried from a single source at Puna Pau . Pukao are cylindrical in shape with a dent on the underside to fit on the head of the moai and a boss or knot on top. They fitted onto the moai in such a way that the pukao protruded forwards. Their size varies in proportion to the moai they were on but they can be up to 8 feet tall and 8 feet in diameter. The pukao was balanced as a separate piece on top of the head of a moai. It is not known how they were raised and placed but theories include them being raised with the statue or placed after the statue was erected. Pukao may have represented dressed hair or headdresses of red feathers worn by chiefs throughout Polynesia . To date, about 100 pukao have been documented archaeologically, but only at Easter Island Ahu Ahu with fallen statues or at the source quarry. Source of the Pukao The red colored hats were made from scoria, a reddish volcanic rock. ref cite book last Hamilton first Sue title Stone Worlds Narrative and Reflexive in Landscape Archaeology year 2007 publisher Left Coast Press location Walnut Creek, CA isbn 978 1 59874 218 3. ref The rocks were built in a quarry known as Puna Pau, which was located inside the crater of a volcano and on its outer lip. After the Pukao were made, they were rolled by hand or on tree logs to the site of the statues along an ancient road. The road was built out of a cement of compressed red scoria dust. ref ... the Easter Island statues has been solved. accessdate 29 November 2011 ref Over 70 discarded Pukao have ... sites in Easter Island archaeology stub Oceania stub Chile stub cs Pukao es Pukao eo Pukao eu Pukao pl Pukao pt Pukao zh ... more details
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- Pukao (seamount)
Infobox Seamount Name Pukao Seamount Photo Caption Depth span style white space nowrap Below Sea level span Height 2500 m Location west of Easter Island Range Prominence Coordinates Topographic map Type Submarine volcano Volcanic Arc Belt Sala Y Gomez ridge Age Pleistocene Last eruption 100,000 BCE The Pukao Seamount is a submarine volcano , the most westerly in the Easter Seamount Chain or Sala y G mez ridge . To the east are Moai seamount and then Easter Island . It rises over 2,500 metres from the ocean floor to within a few hundred metres of the sea surface. ref cite journal last Haase first Karsten M. coauthors Peter Stoffers and C. Dieter Garbe Sch nberg date October 1997 title The Petrogenetic Evolution of Lavas from Easter Island and Neighbouring Seamounts, Near ridge Hotspot Volcanoes in the SE Pacific journal Journal of Petrology volume 38 issue 06 pages 785 813 url http www.oxfordjournals.org our journals petroj online Volume 38 Issue 06 html ega038 gml.html accessdate 2010 03 16 doi 10.1093 petrology 38.6.785 ref The Pukao Seamount is fairly young, and believed to have developed in the last few hundred thousand years as the Nazca Plate floats over the Easter hotspot . See also Easter Island Geology Easter Island Sala y G mez References Reflist coord missing Chile Easter Island Category Submarine volcanoes Category Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean Category Hotspot volcanoes Category Pleistocene Category Volcanoes of Chile marine geo stub Chile geo stub ... more details
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- Easter hotspot
Image Hotspots.jpg right thumb 450px The Easter hotspot is marked 7 on map. The Easter hotspot is a volcano volcanic hotspot geology hotspot located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean . The hotspot created the Sala y G mez Ridge which includes Easter Island and the Pukao Seamount Pukao Seamount which is at the ridge s young western edge. The hotspot may also be responsible for the formation of the Tuamotu Archipelago , Line Islands , and the chain of seamounts lying in between. ref Cite journal author W. J. Morgan title Convection Plumes in the Lower Mantle url http www.mantleplumes.org Morgan1971.html journal Nature volume 230 year 1971 doi 10.1038 230042a0 issue 5288 pages 42 ref Opponents of the hotspot theory instead attribute Easter hotspot to the middle part of the Easter Fracture Zone . Fact date June 2009 See also Easter Island Geology Moai seamount Pukao Seamount Sala y G mez References reflist External links cite journal last Haase first Karsten M. coauthors Peter Stoffers and C. Dieter Garbe Sch nberg date October 1997 title The Petrogenetic Evolution of Lavas from Easter Island and Neighbouring Seamounts, Near ridge Hotspot Volcanoes in the SE Pacific journal Journal of Petrology volume 38 issue 6 pages 785 813 doi 10.1093 petrology 38.6.785 Geology of Chile DEFAULTSORT Easter Hotspot Category Regional geology Category Volcanism of Chile Category Hotspots of the Pacific Ocean Volcanology stub ... more details
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- Puna Pau
Puna Pau is a quarry in a small crater or cinder cone on the outskirts of Hanga Roa in the south west of Easter Island a Chile an island in the Pacific Ocean . Puna Pau also gives its name to one of the seven regions of the Rapa Nui National Park . Image Puna Pau brochure 2.jpg right 290 px thumb Inside of park brochure for Puna Pau in Spanish language Spanish Image Puna Pau brochure 1.jpg left 290 px thumb Outside of park brochure for Puna Pau in English Puna Pau was the sole source of the red scoria that the Rapanui used to carve the pukao topknots that they put on the heads of some of their iconic moai statues. The stone from Puna Pau was also used for a few non standard moai including Rano Raraku Tukuturi Tukuturi and also for some Easter Island Petroglyphs petroglyphs . br Some examples of the use of red scoria from Puna Pau Gallery Image Moai Easter Island geod0095.jpg Rano Raraku Tukuturi Tukuturi , a moai at Rano Raraku Image Ahu Tahai.jpg Close up of red scoria pukao on the head of a moai at Easter Island Ahu Ahu Tahai Image Makemake.jpeg Easter Island Petroglyphs Petroglyphs Makemake mythology Makemake with two Tangata Manu birdmen Gallery References http www.eisp.org External links http www.netaxs.com trance rapanui.html Unofficial Easter Island Homepage http www.eisp.org Easter Island Statue project coord missing Chile Category Easter Island Category Cinder cones of Chile Category Archaeological sites in Easter Island Category Rock art of Oceania cs Puna Pau es Puna Pau eo Puna Pau pl Puna Pau ... more details
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- Moai (seamount)
Infobox Seamount Name Moai Depth Height 2,500 metres Map Image Orthographic projection centred over Easter Island.png 300px Orthographic projection centered on Easter Island Map caption Orthographic projection centered on Easter Island Summit area Location Pacific Ocean , west of Easter Island Group Coordinates Country Type Submarine volcano Volcanic group Sala y G mez ridge Age Pleistocene Last eruption 100,000 BCE Discovered Discovered by First visit Translation Language Pronunciation Photo Photo caption The Moai Seamount is a submarine volcano , the second most westerly in the Easter Seamount Chain or Sala y G mez ridge . It is east of Pukao Seamount Pukao seamount and west of Easter Island . It rises over 2,500 metres from the ocean floor to within a few hundred metres of the sea surface. ref cite journal last Haase first Karsten M. coauthors Peter Stoffers and C. Dieter Garbe Sch nberg date October 1997 title The Petrogenetic Evolution of Lavas from Easter Island and Neighbouring Seamounts, Near ridge Hotspot Volcanoes in the SE Pacific journal Journal of Petrology volume 38 issue 06 pages 785 813 url http www.oxfordjournals.org our journals petroj online Volume 38 Issue 06 html ega038 gml.html accessdate 2010 03 16 doi 10.1093 petrology 38.6.785 ref The Moai seamount is fairly young, having developed in the last few hundred thousand years as the Nazca Plate floats over the Easter hotspot . The Moai seamount was named after the moai statues of neighbouring Easter Island. See also Easter Island Geology Easter Island Sala y G mez References Reflist coord missing Chile Easter Island Category Submarine volcanoes Category Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean Category Hotspot volcanoes Category Pleistocene Category Volcanoes of Chile marine geo stub Chile geo stub ka ... more details
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- Scoria
. . Uses File Ahu Tahai.jpg thumb upright Tuff moai with red scoria pukao on its head Scoria ... of a red coloured scoria which the Rapanui people used to carve the pukao or topknots for their distinctive ... more details
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- List of submarine volcanoes
Protector Shoal convert sigfig 2 abbr on 27 m ft 1962 align right align left Pukao Seamount Pukao ... more details
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- Jewellery in the Pacific
Tahai.jpg thumb right Restored moai with Pukao headdress on Easter Island . Many examples of Pacific ..., some of which wear Pukao headdresses. It is thought that the moai with these adornments depicted ... more details
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- Rapa Nui National Park
Infobox Protected area name Rapa Nui National Park iucn category II photo Osterinsel Krater Rano Kao.jpg photo caption Rano Kau crater taken from the approach to Orongo location Easter Island , Chile nearest city Hanga Roa embedded1 designation list embed yes designation1 WHS designation1 date 1995 small 19th World Heritage Committee session small designation1 type Cultural designation1 criteria i, iii, v designation1 number http whc.unesco.org en list 715 715 designation1 free1name State Party designation1 free1value flag Chile designation1 free2name Region designation1 free2value List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas Latin America and the Caribbean lat d lat m lat s lat NS long d long m long s long EW area 71.3 km established 1935 visitation num visitation year governing body Corporaci n Nacional Forestal Rapa Nui National Park is a World Heritage Site located on Easter Island , Chile . The park is divided into seven sections Image Easter Island map en.svg left thumb Rapa Nui, showing the three main volcanoes Terevaka , Poike , Rano Kau , as well as Anakena beach, the islets including Motu Nui . Modern Hanga Roa and Mataveri International Airport , the ruins at Orongo and the quarry at Rano Raraku . It marks major Easter Island Ahu ahus with moai . Rano Kau which includes Orongo Puna Pau named after the quarry where the pukao were carved . Rano Raraku named after the quarry where most of the moai were carved . Anakena Ovahe Ahu Akivi Costa Norte Hanga Roa Urban Area . History Image Moai Rano raraku.jpg 200px thumb right alt three charcoal grey heads sticking out of a grassy hillside Moai at Rano Raraku , Easter Island The early history involves human settlement roughly one millennium before present. Subsequent overpopulation human overpopulation and resultant deforestation led to collapse of the human society. ref C. Michael Hogan. 2008 ref Archaeological evidence of the earlier habitation consists of the moai themselves as well as the pollen and fossil rec ... more details
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- Ahu Tongariki
Main Moai Easter Island Ahu Image Easter Island.jpg 300px thumb right Ahu Tongariki with Poike volcano in the background. The second moai from the right has a pukao on its head. Image Ahu Tongariki.jpg 300px right thumb Six of the fifteen moai at Ahu Tongariki. Image Easter Island Ahu 2006 .jpg 300px thumb right Ahu Tongariki is the largest Easter Island Ahu ahu on Rapa Nui Easter Island a Chile an island in the Pacific . Its moai were toppled during History of Easter Island The statue toppling the island s civil wars and in the twentieth century the ahu was swept inland by a tsunami . It has since been restored and has fifteen moai including an 86 tonne moai that was the heaviest ever erected on the island. Ahu Tongariki is kilometer from Rano Raraku and Poike in the Rapa Nui National Park . All the moai here face sunset during Summer Solstice. History Ahu Tongariki was the main centre and capital of the Hotu Iti , the eastern confederation of the Rapanui . ref Fischer 2005 Island at the end of the world ISBN 1 86189 282 9 ref Its moai were toppled during History of Easter Island The statue toppling the island s civil wars . In 1960, a tsunami caused by an earthquake off the coast of Chile swept Ahu Tongariki inland. Ahu Tongariki was substantially restored in the 1990s by a multidisciplinary team headed by archaeologists Claudio Cristino Director and Patricia Vargas Co director executive team , in a five year project carried out under an official agreement of the Chilean Government with Tadano Limited and the University of Chile . Location Image Easter Island map en.svg thumb 400px left Map of Rapa Nui showing major ahus with moai. Ahu Tongariki, and Rano Raraku are on the South coast just before Poike at the eastern end of the island. This ahu is on the south coast of Rapa Nui, close to two previous volcanoes, Rano Raraku and Poike . Poike is one of the three main extinct volcanoes that form Rapa Nui, which last erupted between 230,000 and 705,000 years ago. Rano ... more details
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- Relocation of moai objects
Island c. 2006 Pukao from Centro Cultural Recoleta. France Head Tuff 1.85m mus e du quai Branly ... D.C. United States 1886 E128370 0 EISP SI WDC 002 Removed from Ahu O Pepe. Pukao Red scoria ... more details
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- Moai
File Ahu Tahai.jpg thumb 150px Re erected tuff moai at Ahu Tahai with restored pukao and replica ... design until its demise with the advent of the Birdman religion, Tangata Manu . Pukao topknots and headdresses Main Pukao Some moai had pukao on their heads these were carved out of red scoria ... pukao on their heads. Moai must have been extremely expensive to craft and transport not only would ... more details
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- Hanga Roa
about the main town on Easter Island the Hangaroa zone in New Zealand Hangaroa River Image Easter Island map en.svg thumb left Easter Island, map showing Hanga Roa, Terevaka , Rano Kau , and Mataveri International Airport , as well as the main tourist attractions Orongo , Rano Raraku , Ahu Tongariki and Anakena Image Hangaroa Moais.jpg thumb Several Hanga Roa moai, including Ko Te Riku with a pukao on its head . In the mid ground is a side view of an Easter Island Ahu ahu with five moai. The Mataveri end of Hanga Roa is visible in the background with Rano Kau rising above it. File Hanga Roa Harbour.jpg thumb Harbour scene in Hanga Roa File Hanga Roa Post Office.jpg thumb Post office in Hanga Roa Hanga Roa is the main town, harbour and capital of the Chile an province of Easter Island . It is located in the southern part of the island s west coast, in the lowlands between the extinct volcanoes of Terevaka and Rano Kau . The population of 3,304 2002 census comprises 87 percent of the total population of the island. For much of the twentieth century, the rest of the island was leased to the Williamson Balfour Company and closed to the Rapanui in 1914, the population of Hanga Roa was just 250 and the rest of the island was inhabited by large populations of sheep. The island s main avenue, Avenida Atamu Tekena formerly Avenida Policarpo Toro , is the heart of the town. Many stores, hotels, restaurants, and the island s only supermarket and pharmacy are found alongside this road. In 1998, the road was renamed after nineteenth century Rapanui hero Atamu Te Kena it had previously been named after Captain Policarpo Toro , the Chilean Naval officer who annexed Easter Island to Chile in 1888. ref Steven R Fischer The island at the end of the world. Reaktion Books 2005 ISBN1 86189 282 9 page 248 ref The island s museum and also the Roman Catholic church, are located in the center of town. With the advent of the internet and the expansion of communication services by the Chilean ... more details
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- Rano Raraku
in that their eyes were not hollowed out, they do not have pukao and they were not cast ... more details
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- Mu (lost continent)
pukao on top of the giant moai statues of Easter Island. Citing W.J. Johnson , Churchward describes ..., the point is moot because the pukao are all made of native volcanic scoria . Archaeological and genetic ... url http books.google.com books?id slVobUjdzGMC rp p. 222 ref and the pukao on the moai are regarded ... more details
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- Geology of Chile
s starting with Pukao Seamount Pukao and then Moai seamount Moai , two seamounts to the west of Easter Island, and extending convert 2700 km mi abbr on east to the Nazca Seamount . ref seamounts Pukao ... more details
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- Nosepass and Probopass
now also has a red magnet hat top that resembles the pukao worn by some of the moai heads. Its ... more details
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- Isla Salas y Gómez
youngest mountains in the chain, Pukao Seamount Pukao and Moai seamount Moai are sea mounts to the west ... more details
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- List of volcanoes in Chile
volcano 370 1Ma coord 27.15 S 109.38 W type mountain Pukao seamount Pukao submarine volcano Rano Kau ... more details
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- Tuff
from Rano Raraku . The second moai from the right has a Pukao which is made of red Scoria . Tuff ... more details
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- Megalith
or Stazzone Broch Round Tower s Marae Polynesia Easter Island Ahu Ahu s with Moai and Pukao Easter ... more details
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- Rongorongo
statues and their fallen pukao topknots . Around one thousand sites with over four thousand glyphs ... more details
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