inline date January 2009 Chemical warfare vert A pulmonaryagent or choking agent is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim s ability to Respiratory system breathe . They operate by causing a build up of fluids in the lungs which then leads to Asphyxia suffocation . Exposure to the eyes and skin tend to be corrosive, causing blurred vision and severe deep burns. Inhalation of these agents cause burning of the throat, coughing, vomiting, headache, pain in chest, tightness in chest, and respiratory and circulatory failure. Examples of pulmonary agents include chlorine Chlorine gas Chloropicrin PS Diphosgene DP Phosgene CG Disulfur decafluoride Perfluoroisobutene Acrolein Diphenylcyanoarsine Phosgene is the most dangerous commonly used pulmonaryagent although disulfur decafluoride and perfluoroisobutene are both even more dangerous, with respectively 4 and 10 times the lethality of phosgene, neither is widely used . It is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions. It has a vapor density 3.4 times greater than that of air allowing it to remain low in the air for long periods of times. Phosgene leads to massive pulmonary edema, which reaches maximum symptoms in 12 hours after exposure followed by death within 24 48 hours. Chlorine is an element used in industry. It is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. It is used to make pesticides, rubber, and solvents. It is also used in drinking water and swimming pools to kill bacteria. The extent of poisoning caused by chlorine depends on the amount of chlorine a person is exposed to. History The first modern history use of a pulmonaryagent was by the British in the Crimean War Citation needed .... In 1917 the Germans also introduced the agent phosgene. By then both sides had mastered the techniques ... of Chemical Casualties Handbook Pulmonary Agents . Retrieved Nov. 7, 2004. Roland E. Langford, Introduction ... Pulmonary agents Weapon stub de Lungenkampfstoff ja ... more details
wiktionary agent An Agent is one who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him one ... Agency philosophy In sociology A social agent See structure and agency In law enforcement Special agent , title for a detective or investigator for a state, county, municipal, federal or tribal government Secret agent, spy involved in espionage . See Espionage Agents in espionage agents in espionage . In law Agent law , in commercial law, is a person who is authorized to act on behalf of another called the principal to create a legal relationship with a third party C & F Agent abbreviated from Clearing and Forwarding Agent India IN . Election agent , person legally responsible for the conduct of a candidate s political campaign UK Free agent , sports player whose contract with a team has expired Literary agent , person who represents writers and their written works to publishers, theatrical producers and film producers Press agent , professional publicist who acts on behalf of his or her client on all matters involving public relations Sports agent , person who procures and negotiates employment and endorsement deals for a player Talent agent or booking agent, person who finds jobs for actors, musicians and models, etc., in various entertainment businesses Foreign agent , person ... to the American public Patent agent or patent attorney , person who has the specialized ... relating to patent law and practice Real estate agent or real estate broker , person who acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real estate Travel agent, person who works on behalf of a travel agency Tuition agent, person who works on behalf of a tuition agency , specializing in introducing tutors to students requiring help in the academic area Yacht agent or yacht broker , specialist who acts as a representative for the sale of a yacht or boat In economics Agent economics ... as rational and broadly self interested actors As discussed by economists as the principal agent ... more details
Society European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. journal Am J Respir ... ref&cmd prlinks&id 16760357 ref . In general pulmonary rehabilitation refers to a series ... Sat title Pulmonary Rehabilitation url http emedicine.medscape.com article 319885 overview showall publisher eMedicine accessdate 8 June 2011 ref Pulmonary rehabilitation may be carried out in a variety ... intervention. ref name rcj cite web title Pulmonary Rehabilitation url http www.rcjournal.com ... 8 June 2011 ref Background Pulmonary rehabilitation is generally specific to the individual patient ... with lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF and cystic fibrosis, among others. Although the process is focused on the rehabilitation ... The setting of pulmonary rehabilitation varies by patient settings may include inpatient care , Ambulatory ... there are no universally accepted procedure codes for pulmonary rehabilitation, providers usually use codes for general Therapy therapeutic processes . ref name codes The goal of pulmonary rehabilitation ... be used in the process of pulmonary rehabilitation including Anti inflammatory agents inhaled steroids ... agents , Oral steroids , Antibiotics , Mucolytic agent s, Oxygen therapy , or Preventative therapy ... more details
For the 1922 film starring Oliver Hardy The Agent film Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name The Agent Cover theagentcover.jpg Artist Little Man Tate band Little Man Tate B side Just Can t Take It Released Start date 2006 3 6 df yes Format 7 vinyl , Music download Download Recorded 2006, Steelworks, Sheffield Genre Indie Rock Length Label Yellow Van Records Yellow Van Writer Windle Marriott Producer Shanks Audio sample? Certification This single The Agent br 2006 Next single What? What You Got? br 2006 Misc The Agent was the debut single by Sheffield based indie music indie band Little Man Tate band Little Man Tate . The single was initially released as a limited pressing of 1,800 copies on 7 gramophone record vinyl , on Yellow Van Records . The single peaked at 117 in the UK Singles Chart . The single was very highly rated by Planet Sound , who gave it 9 10, calling it the best single of 2006 thus far. Follow up single What? What You Got? also scored 9 10, making them one of only 3 artists to get 2 9 10 ratings with songs on one album, along with Muse band Muse and The Magic Numbers . Track listing The Agent Just Can t Take It External links http www.littlemantate.co.uk Official Website DEFAULTSORT Agent, The Category 2006 singles Category Little Man Tate songs Category Debut singles ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary embolism Image SaddlePE.PNG Caption Chest spiral CT scan with radiocontrast agent showing multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation and in the pulmonary artery pulmonary ... Pulmonary embolism PE is a blockage of the pulmonary artery main artery of the lung or one of its ... 39140 1 pages 1561 65 chapter Pulmonary thromboembolism ref Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include ... and imaging studies, usually CT pulmonary angiography . Treatment is typically with anticoagulant medication ... plasminogen activator tPA or may require surgical intervention via pulmonary thrombectomy . ref ... pulmonary component of the second heart sound , and raised jugular venous pressure . ref name Goldhaber A low grade fever may be present, particularly if there is associated pulmonary hemorrhage or infarction. ref cite journal author Stein PD, Sostman HD, Hull RD, et al. title Diagnosis of Pulmonary ... J title Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism increasing ... I, Dreyer JF, Barnes D, Forgie M, Kovacs G, Ward J, Kovacs MJ title Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. ANTELOPE Study Group journal Thromb. Haemost. volume ... title Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability ... pulmonary embolism journal Ann. Intern. Med. volume 144 issue 3 pages 157 64 year 2006 pmid 16461959 ... policy on evaluation and management of pulmonary embolism journal American Family Physician volume ... of the utility of the Wells score in identifying pulmonary embolism journal Med. J. Aust. volume ... SE, Buckley JD title Diagnostic pathways in acute pulmonary embolism recommendations of the PIOPED ... D dimer in combination with clinical pre test probability to rule out pulmonary embolism. A systematic ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Pulmonary plexus Latin plexus pulmonalis GraySubject 205 GrayPage 913 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648348 The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk . It supplies the Bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. External links eMedicineDictionary Pulmonary plexus Gray s autonomic Category Nerves of the head and neck neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Artery Name Pulmonary artery Latin truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis GraySubject 141 GrayPage 543 Imagemap Heart diagram 250px Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Pulmonary artery labeled at upper right. Image2 Alveoli diagram.png Caption2 ... BranchTo Vein pulmonary vein Precursor truncus arteriosus embryology truncus arteriosus Supplies MeshName Pulmonary Artery MeshNumber A07.231.114.715 DorlandsPre t 20 DorlandsSuf 12826098 The pulmonary ... heart , the pulmonary trunk pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ... cm 1.2 inches in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries left and right , which deliver de oxygenated blood to the corresponding lung . In contrast to the pulmonary arteries , the bronchial arteries supply mainly nutrition to the lungs themselves. Role in disease Pulmonary hypertension ... it also occurs as a consequence of pulmonary embolism and scleroderma . It is characterised by reduced ... File Thoracic cavity of foetus great vessels 2.JPG Fetal pulmonary artery Image Bronchial anatomy.jpg ... Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and vertebrate trachea trachea , and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta , while the left pulmonary ... Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image Alveolus ... of pulmonary artery. gallery gallery Image Gray556.png Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart ... mediastinum. Seen from behind.Crystal. Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary artery gallery See also Chronic obstructive lung disease Pulmonary hypertension Thromboembolic disease Pulmonary circulation Rasmussen s aneurysm External links GPnotebook 53805116 eMedicineDictionary pulmonary trunk ... cardiovascular system Arteries of chest DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Artery Category Arteries of the thorax ... simple Pulmonary artery sk P cna tepna sr sh Plu no arterijsko stablo ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Pulmonary valve Latin valva trunci pulmonalis GraySubject 138 GrayPage 532 Image Diagram of the human heart cropped .svg Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart . White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Image2 Gray494.png Caption2 Heart seen from above. Width 300 System MeshName Pulmonary Valve MeshNumber A07.541.510.738 The pulmonary valve sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve is the heart valves semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. Similar to the aortic valve , the pulmonary valve opens in cardiac cycle ventricular systole , when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonary valve. The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound S2 . The right heart is a low pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation . Additional images gallery Image Gray493.png Interior of right side of heart. Image Gray1216.svg Front of thorax , showing surface relations of bone s, lungs purple , pleura blue , and heart red outline . Heart valves are labeled with Bicuspid valve B , Tricuspid valve T , Aortic valve A , and P . Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary valves gallery See also Heart valve External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 20 07 00 http www.youtube.com watch?v i9jrNh2wFzE Adult Congenital Surgery Pulmonary Valve Replacement Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ca V lvula pulmonar de Pulmonalklappe ja nn Pulmonalklaff ... more details
In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thrombectomy , is an emergency procedure that removes blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical surgical thrombectomy or percutaneous percutaneous thrombectomy . ref Casazza F, Roncon L, Greco F. Pulmonary embolism treatment of the acute episode. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct 6 10 818 23. PMID 16270473. ref Surgical thrombectomies were once popular but were abandoned because of poor long term outcomes. Recently, in selected patients, they have gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique. ref Augustinos P, Ouriel K. Invasive approaches to treatment of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31 110 9 Suppl 1 I27 34. DOI 10.1161 01.CIR.0000140900.64198.f4 PMID 15339878. http circ.ahajournals.org cgi content full 110 9 suppl 1 I 27 Free Full Text . ref Relation to PTE Pulmonary thrombectomies and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy pulmonary thromboendarterectomies PTEs are both operations that remove thrombus. Aside from this similarity they differ in many ways. PTEs are done non emergently whilst pulmonary thrombectomies are typically done as an emergency procedure. PTEs typically are done using hypothermia and full cardiac arrest. PTEs are done for chronic pulmonary embolism, thrombectomies for severe acute pulmonary embolism. PTEs are generally considered a very effective treatment, surgical thrombectomies are an area of some controversy and their effectiveness a matter of some debate in the medical community. See also Pulmonary embolism Heart lung machine References references Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery Surgery stub ... more details
Pulmonary angiography or pulmonary arteriography is a cardiology cardiological medicine medical procedure. Pulmonary blood vessel s are X ray Medical uses x rayed to detect arteriovenous malformation s. Direct angiography is the injection of radiocontrast into the circulation with subsequent fluoroscopy direct X ray visualisation of the lungs. A more common form of direct angiography, is the catheterisation of the right atrium of the heart and injection of radiocontrast into the right heart. A popular form of pulmonary angiography is computed tomography pulmonary angiography CTPA . This involves venous contrast only. Invasive pulmonary angiography was first performed in 1931 by Egas Moniz and colleagues. ref cite journal author Moniz E, Carvalho L, Lima A title Angiopneumographie journal Presse Med year 1931 volume 39 pages 996 99 ref Robb and Steinberg described pulmonary angiography by infusion of peripheral radiocontrast. ref cite journal author Robb GP, Steinberg I title A practical method of visualization of the chambers of the heart, the pulmonary circulation, and the great blood vessels in man journal J Clin Invest year 1938 volume 17 pages 507 pmc 434806 doi 10.1172 JCI100977 ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id Mgl9G8oU1IkC&pg PA566 ref References reflist 2 External links http www.human body.org anatomical glossary 28 angiography pulmonary.html Referencing site for great detail on Pulmonary angiography Pulmonary angiography http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003813.htm Pulmonary angiography MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Category Cardiology treatment stub Medical imaging Category Projectional radiography pt Angiografia pulmonar ... more details
HCPCSlevel2 In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy , PTE , is an Surgery operation that removes organized blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Indication PTE is a treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension induced by recurrent chronic pulmonary emboli . Description of the surgery A PTE has significant ... author Dahm M, Mayer E, Eberle B, et al. title Surgical aspects of pulmonary thrombendarterectomy ... url ref . The reason for the complexity of procedure comes from the anatomy. The obvious part is that a pulmonary ... to the lungs has to be diverted from the pulmonary vasculature and lung function taken care of by a machine ... completely, unlike in an acute pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism, which is done without ... treatment of chronic pulmonary embolism using thromboembolectomy under extracorporeal circulation ... WR, Fedullo PF, Jamieson SW title Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension clinical picture ... thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CTEPH lungs also get blood from the bronchial arteries are often ... the optimal plane to dissect the pulmonary artery . If the surgeon dissects too deeply into the vessel wall the pulmonary vessels may rupture. If the surgeon does not dissect deep enough the clot breaks proximally during extraction and the distal part of the pulmonary vasculture will not have its pulmonary blood flow restored. The right lung is typically done first as it is easier. Video cameras angioscopes are used to see deeper into the pulmonary vasculture. At the end an almost beautiful negative of the pulmonary arteries exists as the emboli over time fill the larger vessels that feed ... the whole pulmonary tree the only part missing being what the person was living off before the surgery ... several challenges. Most patients get significant reperfusion pulmonary edema , at places where thrombi ... because with the thrombus removal the surgeon strips out the pulmonary endothelium. The challenge ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg thumb 400px Diagram of pulmonary circulation. Oxygen rich blood is shown in red oxygen depleted blood in blue. Pulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs , and returns oxygenated oxygen rich blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation . A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Course Pulmonary ... leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery, the only artery in the body that carries ... to the pulmonary vein, the only vein in the body that carries oxygen rich blood in the body, to the heart ... ventricle . Blood is then pumped through the semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery . Arteries From the right ventricle , blood is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the left and right pulmonary arteries one for each lung and travels through the lungs . Lungs The pulmonary arteries ... to all cells of the body. Veins The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins , which return it to the left heart , completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left ... circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. History According to R.A. Young, Wiberg ... bmj.1.4122.1 pmc 2176288 title The Pulmonary Circulation Before and After Harvey Part I year 1940 last1 Young first1 R. A. journal BMJ volume 1 issue 4122 pages 1 pmid 20782884 ref Pulmonary circulation ... until the dissections of William Harvey in 1616. Embryonic The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually ... between the two atria. When the lungs expand at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. Over the course ... known as the Fossa ovalis heart fossa ovalis in the adult heart. See also Pulmonary hypertension References ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary hemorrhage Image Pulmonary haemorrhage low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a pulmonary haemorrhage. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 P26, R04.8 ICD9 ICD9 770.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1002002 MeshID Pulmonary hemorrhage or pulmonary haemorrhage is an Acute medicine acute bleeding from the lung , especially in the upper respiratory tract and the endotracheal tube . When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive, associated with bleeding in other sites as well as more than one third of the lungs. ref name UCSF http www.ucsfhealth.org childrens health professionals manuals 29 PulmHemorrhage.pdf Pulmonary Hemorrhage Intensive Care Nursery House Staff Manual. UCSF Children s Hospital at UCSF Medical Center. 2004 The Regents of the University of California . Retrieved 2008 10 28. ref The onset of Pulmonary Hemorrhage is characterized by oozing of bloody fluid from the Human nose nose and endotracheal tube , as well as to a lesser extent in other places, accompanied by rapid worsening of patient respiration, cyanosis and, in severe cases, Shock circulatory shock . ref name UCSF Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities ... The outcome of treatment is dependent on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10 ... is 1 in 1,000 live births. ref name UCSF Pulmonary hemorrhage has a high mortality rate, 30 to 40 ... associated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage. Other associated factors are those that predispose to perinatal ... of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema , as the hematocrit is lower than normal blood usually ... pulmonary microvascular pressure, resulting in pulmonary edema. ref name UCSF Contributing factors include factors that favor increased filtration of fluid from pulmonary capillaries e.g., low concentration of plasma protein s, high Pulmonary alveolus alveolar surface tension, lung damage ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary edema Image PulmEdema.PNG Caption Pulmonary edema with small pleural effusions ... Pulmonary edema American English , or oedema British English both words from the Greek polytonic ... DorlandsDict three 000033856 pulmonary edema ref It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause ... blood from the pulmonary circulation cardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below, or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung noncardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below. ref name Ware Ware LB, Matthay MA. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2005 353 2788 96. DOI 10.1056 NEJMcp052699 ... avoiding further damage to the lung. Pulmonary edema, especially in the acute setting, can ... and signs The overwhelming symptom of pulmonary edema is shortness of breath difficulty breathing ... pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure. The chronic development of pulmonary edema may be associated ... File Pulmonary oedema.jpg thumb right X Ray showing Pulmonary oedema There is no one single test which confirms that breathlessness is caused by pulmonary edema, indeed in many cases the causes of shortness ... readings support the proposed diagnosis by suggesting a pulmonary shunt . Chest X ray will show fluid ... especially in cardiogenic pulmonary edema by demonstrating impaired left ventricular function, high central venous pressure central venous pressures and high pulmonary artery pressures. In certain ... 100 pg ml suggest a cardiac cause is unlikely. ref name Ware Causes Pulmonary edema is an accumulation ... may be direct injury or injury mediated by high pressures within the pulmonary circulation. When directly or indirectly caused by increased left ventricular pressure pulmonary edema may form when mean pulmonary pressure rises from the normal of 15 mmHg ref http www.nhlbi.nih.gov health dci Diseases pah pah what.html What Is Pulmonary Hypertension? From Diseases and Conditions Index DCI . National ... Sciences, 2001 ISBN 1560534206, 9781560534204 ref Broadly, the causes of pulmonary oedema can be divided ... more details
Bronchial anatomy Image Illu bronchi lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image Alveolus diagram.svg Alveolus diagram Image Gray494.png Heart seen from above. Image Gray503.png Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery. Image Gray504.png Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs. Image Gray556.png ... more details
A pulmonary tractotomy is a surgical technique to treat a penetrating lung injury . The tract of the lung injury is opened, and open bronchi and blood vessels are ligated sewn . Treatment of penetrating lung injuries Emergency surgery for a penetrating lung injury, e.g. an accident or a gunshot, is associated with a very high mortality rate . Such lung injuries cannot be treated with simple surgery they cannot be oversewn. If treated with simple surgery, blood vessels within the tract of the lung injury may continue to bleed and result in a haematoma which should be avoided. Or the patient may suffer a pulmonary air embolism and subsequently die. Penetrating lung injuries can be treated with a formal lung resection, or with pulmonary tractotomy. Comparison of treatments Pulmonary tractotomy is a lung sparing technique. It can prevent the need for formal lung resection. Its advantages over segmental lung resection include that it can be performed quicker it offers a rapid way to control bleeding haemorrhage and air leaks in patients with penetrating lung injuries. Also, pulmonary tractotomy can preserve healthy pulmonary tissue parenchyma this naturally is not possible with lung resection. ref Pulmonary tractotomy with selective vascular ligation for penetrating injuries to the lung. Wall MJ Jr, Hirshberg A, Mattox KL. Am J Surg. 1994 Dec 168 6 665 9. ref ref Stapled pulmonary tractotomy a rapid way to control hemorrhage in penetrating pulmonary injuries. Asensio JA, Demetriades ... TV. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Nov 185 5 486 7. ref ref Pulmonary tractotomy as an abbreviated thoracotomy ... C, Moore EE, Biffl WL, Franciose RJ, Offner PJ, Burch JM. J Trauma. 2002 Sep 53 3 483 7. ref ref Pulmonary ... is the same with pulmonary tractotomy and lung resection both are viable surgical treatment options ..., rather than the type of treatment. ref Pulmonary tractotomy versus lung resection viable options ... Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery ... more details
Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary ... of radiation radiotherapy . Other non medical causes of pulmonary toxicity can be chemical compounds and particulate matter. Presentation signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity Side effects on the lungs ... distress syndrome , solitary pulmonary mass even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases ... prohibited by law in most countries , or pulmonary nodule. The diagnosis should be made by a specialist, if possible. Correctly diagnosing pulmonary toxicity Lung symptoms in a patient who is taking a medicinal drug that can cause pulmonary toxicity should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxicity due to the medicinal drug , because some patients can have another i.e., simultaneous ... exercises. Case 12 2003. An 82 year old man with dyspnea and pulmonary abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17 348 16 1574 85. ref Pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs Within all classes of medicinal drugs that possibly can lead to pulmonary toxicity as a side effect, most pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer. ref Meadors M, Floyd J, Perry MC. Pulmonary toxicity ... MC. Radiation induced and chemotherapy induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jul 13 4 242 8. Review. ref Many medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity. A few medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently in medicine defined by international regulatory authorities such as the U.S. ... lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently or very frequently. These include above all amiodarone , as well as beta blockers , ACE inhibitors however, pulmonary toxicity of ACE inhibitors usually lasts only ... . Both oncologists and cardiologists are well aware of possible pulmonary toxicity. Treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs The treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs ... valid for all cases pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs. ref Camus P, Martin WJ 2nd ... more details
A Pulmonary Scientist is a health care occupation in the field of diagnostic studies related specifically to pulmonary function , the term Respiratory Scientist may also refer to a Pulmonologist who holds a medical degree and a doctoral degree MD PhD ref name pmid20617208 cite journal author O Donnell DE title The clinician scientist in respirology a vanishing phenotype journal Can Respir J year 2010 volume 17 issue 3 pages 104 7 pmid 20617208 doi pmc 2900135 url ref . Internationally pulmonary scientists have many different titles, such as pulmonary function techonologist, respiratory scientist, pulmonary scientist, cardiopulmonary specialist and in some places registered respiratory therapist s are also used in the role of pulmonary scientists. A physician in respiratory science is generally referred to as a physician in their title ie. Respiratory Physician Scientist ref name pmid20617208 . Respiratory science is a diminishing field of study and research even though the increase in respiratory related disease is increasing ref name pmid20617208 cite journal author O Donnell DE title ... 17 issue 3 pages 104 7 pmid 20617208 doi pmc 2900135 url ref . International Pulmonary Science Australia ... to describe the profession which is limited to Pulmonary Function Testing . Though there is no official ... Sleep Disorders Specialist and the Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist. The representative body is the Irish Association of Respiratory Scientists . United States Pulmonary Function Technologist Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist RPFT The registered pulmonary function technologist ... Care . Primarily the RPFT performs the technical function of pulmonary function test ing. Certified Pulmonary Function Technologist CPFT The certified pulmonary function technologist in the United States ... technologist technician the CPFT performs pulmonary function test ing. References references Health stub Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonary function testing Category Medicine ... more details
Infobox Ligament Name Pulmonary ligament Latin ligamentum pulmonale GraySubject 238 GrayPage 1090 Image Gray972.png Caption Mediastinal surface of right lung . Pulmonary ligament labeled at lower right. Image2 Caption2 From To MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492915 The root of the lung is covered in front, above, and behind by pleura at its inferior border, the investing layers come into contact. Here they form a sort of mesenteric fold, the pulmonary ligament , which extends between the inferior part of the mediastinal surface of the lung and the pericardium . The pulmonary ligament droops down from the hilum of lung hilum of the lung . Just above the diaphragm the ligament ends in a free falciform border. It serves to retain the inferior part of the lung in position. External links GPnotebook 33947708 SUNYAnatomyFigs 19 05 10 Gray s Thoracic cavity Category Pleura respiratory stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary atresia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 25 5 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 747.3 ... 2898 MeshName Pulmonary Atresia MeshNumber C14.240.670 Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs . The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery . In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close like one way doors. As these flaps open and close they allow blood to flow forward into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs ... . With the disease pulmonary atresia, the flap like openings are completely covered by a layer of tissue ... oxygenated blood for survival. Pulmonary atresia is not threatening to a developing fetus however .... Once the baby is born its lungs must now provide the oxygen needed for survival, but with Pulmonary atresia there is no opening on the pulmonary valve for blood to get to the lungs and become oxygenated and the only source of pulmonary blood flow is a patent ductus arteriosus . Due to this, the newborn baby is blue in color and pulmonary atresia can usually be diagnosed within hours or minutes after birth. Classification There are two types of pulmonary atresia. The first type is called pulmonary ... blockage of the pulmonary valve located on the right side of the heart. This blockage thus prevents ..., the structures on that side, such as the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid valve , are abnormally ... 100,000 live births. The second type of pulmonary atresia is called pulmonary atresia with ventricular ... is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia, as it stops the ductus arteriosus from closing, allowing mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. But prostaglandin E1 can be dangerous as it can ... be performed shortly after birth. A shunt can be created between the aorta and the pulmonary ... more details
Image IPF amiodarone.JPG thumb A chest X ray demonstrating pulmonary fibrosis due to amiodarone . Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation What is Pulmonary Fibrosis? Last updated October 19, 2009 ref Symptoms Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly Shortness of breath , particularly with exertion ... ref name pff Loss of appetite and rapid weight loss ref name pff Pulmonary fibrosis is suggested .... ref name medicinenet Cause See Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary ... pff However, pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In this case, it is termed idiopathic . ref name nlm Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . This is a diagnosis ... C has been found to exist in some families with a history of pulmonary fibrosis. ref name pff Diseases and conditions that may cause pulmonary fibrosis as a secondary effect include Inhalation of environmental ... pulmonaryfibrosis.html MedlinePlus Pulmonary Fibrosis Date last updated 09 February 2010 ref Hypersensitivity ... http www.medicinenet.com pulmonary fibrosis article.htm MedicineNet.com Pulmonary Fibrosis Retrieved ... pulmonary fibrosis a case report journal J Med Case Reports volume 2 issue pages 169 year 2008 pmid ... ref Radiation therapy to the chest ref name pff ref name medicinenet Pathogenesis See Fibrosis Pulmonary ... name pff In addition, decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease . It is the main ..., quadriplegia ref name pmid2780083 cite journal author Walker J, Cooney M, Norton S title Improved pulmonary function in chronic quadriplegics after pulmonary therapy and arm ergometry journal Paraplegia ... involve pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosis File Pulmon fibrosis.PNG thumb right HRCT of lung showing ... interstitial fibrosis. ref name medicinenet Misdiagnosis is common because, while overall pulmonary fibrosis is not rare, each individual type of pulmonary fibrosis is uncommon and the evaluation ... work ref Treatment and prevention Pulmonary fibrosis creates scar tissue. The scarring ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary arterial hypertension Image Plexiform lesion Pulmonary hypertension.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a plexiform lesion of the lung , as seen in irreversible pulmonary hypertension ... D006976 In medicine , pulmonary hypertension PH is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein , or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung Pulmonary circulation ..., all of which are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly ... al. title Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension journal J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. volume 43 ... hemoptysis coughing up blood . Pulmonary venous hypertension typically presents with shortness of breath while lying flat or sleeping orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea , while pulmonary arterial .... A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary hypertension, including ... insufficiency is also sought and, if present, is consistent with the presence of pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis Because pulmonary hypertension can be of five major types, a series of tests must be performed to distinguish pulmonary arterial hypertension from venous, hypoxic, thromboembolic, or miscellaneous varieties.. A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary ... heart sound, a loud P sub 2 sub or Pulmonary valve pulmonic valve closure sound part of the second heart sound , para sternal heave, possible S sub 3 sub or third heart sound , and pulmonary regurgitation ... of pulmonary hypertension and exclude other possible diagnoses. These generally include pulmonary function test s blood test s to exclude HIV , autoimmune diseases, and liver disease electrocardiography ... chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Biopsy of the lung is usually not indicated unless the pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due to an underlying interstitial lung disease. But lung ... Brain natriuretic peptide BNP level is also being used now to follow progress of patients with pulmonary ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Ventilation, physiology ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia ... cause of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia ... shunt is rarely over 4 in pathological conditions such as pulmonary contusion , the shunt fraction ... shunt refers to areas in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, shunt and its hypoxic effects would worsen. For example ... the hypoxia caused by shunting. A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation as occurs in pulmonary ... cite journal author Prentice D, Ahrens T title Pulmonary complications of trauma journal Critical ... without perfusion. Pulmonary shunting causes the blood supply leaving a shunted area of the lung ... at medstudents.com.br Respiratory physiology medicine stub A pulmonary shunt is a right to left shunt ... in a de oxygenated blood going to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure ... pressure of O2 then the defect in the lung is because of a pulmonary shunt. This is because ... more details
Pulmonary volutrauma Volutrauma is essentially damage to the lung caused by overdistention by a mechanical ventilator set for an excessively high tidal volume resulting in a syndrome similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome . ref name pmid21489320 cite journal author Albaiceta GM, Blanch L title Beyond volutrauma in ARDS the critical role of lung tissue deformation. journal Crit Care year 2011 volume 15 issue 2 pages 304 pmid 21489320 doi 10.1186 cc10052 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21489320 ref Volutrauma is separate from Pulmonary barotrauma because the mechanism of injury is excessive volume volutrauma , instead of pressure barotrauma . References references Mechanical ventilation Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonology ... more details
wikify date January 2011 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Pulmonary sequestration 001.jpg Caption DiseasesDB 32120 ICD10 ICD10 Q 33 2 q 30 ICD9 ICD9 748.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2628 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 585 MeshID D001998 A pulmonary sequestration also known as a bronchopulmonary sequestration or cystic lung lesion , is a medical condition wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood ... percent of all congenital pulmonary malformations , making it an extremely rare disorder. Sequestration ... of pulmonary sequestrations is derived from the thoracic or abdominal aorta . The remaining 25 ... intercostal , pulmonary , pericardiophrenic, Brachiocephalic artery innominate , internal mammary ... heart atrium via pulmonary veins establishing a left to right shunt medical shunt . Abnormal connections ... abnormalities. Patients present with signs and symptoms of pulmonary infection of a lower lobe ..., vertebral anomalies, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia, and colonic duplication Since ... dense mass within the thoracic cavity or pulmonary parenchyma. Recurrent infection can lead to the development ... venous drainage. CT CT scans have 90 accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration ... T1 weighted spin echo SE images may help in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by demonstrating ... Failure to have a pulmonary sequestration removed can leads to a number of complications. These include ... the EXIT procedure . The treatment for this is a segmentectomy via a thoracotomy . Pulmonary sequestrations ... via pulmonary veins, extra pulmonary sequestration drains to the IVC Sources cite journal author Truitt ... Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration journal Annals of Thoracic Surgery year 1998 pages 65 1144 6 pmid ... on pulmonary sequestrations http fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org pulmonary sequestration UCSF Fetal Treatment Center Pulmonary Sequestration Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system ... more details
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