Infobox disease Name Pulmonary arterial hypertension Image Plexiform lesion Pulmonary hypertension.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a plexiform lesion of the lung , as seen in irreversible pulmonary hypertension ... D006976 In medicine , pulmonary hypertension PH is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein , or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung Pulmonary circulation ..., all of which are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly ... al. title Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension journal J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. volume 43 ... hemoptysis coughing up blood . Pulmonary venous hypertension typically presents with shortness of breath while lying flat or sleeping orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea , while pulmonary arterial .... A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary hypertension, including ... insufficiency is also sought and, if present, is consistent with the presence of pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis Because pulmonary hypertension can be of five major types, a series of tests must be performed to distinguish pulmonary arterial hypertension from venous, hypoxic, thromboembolic, or miscellaneous varieties.. A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary ... heart sound, a loud P sub 2 sub or Pulmonary valve pulmonic valve closure sound part of the second heart sound , para sternal heave, possible S sub 3 sub or third heart sound , and pulmonary regurgitation ... of pulmonary hypertension and exclude other possible diagnoses. These generally include pulmonary function test s blood test s to exclude HIV , autoimmune diseases, and liver disease electrocardiography ... chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Biopsy of the lung is usually not indicated unless the pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due to an underlying interstitial lung disease. But lung ... Brain natriuretic peptide BNP level is also being used now to follow progress of patients with pulmonary ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Breathing ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1988 pages 139 isbn 0 7216 3870 8 oclc doi accessdate ref Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the lungs ... blood put out by the heart that is not completely oxygenated. In pathological conditions such as pulmonary ... in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary .... A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation as occurs in pulmonary embolism , for example ... Prentice D, Ahrens T title Pulmonary complications of trauma journal Critical Care Nursing Quarterly .... Pulmonary shunting causes the blood supply leaving a shunted area of the lung to have lower levels ... physiology medicine stub A pulmonary shunt is a right to left shunt. The shunt which means V ... going to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure oxygen at 100 for five ten ... in the lung is because of a pulmonary shunt. This is because although the PO2 of alveolar ... more details
Intravenous digital subtraction angiography IV DSA is a form of angiography which was first developed in the late 1970s. IV DSA uses a computer technique which compares an x ray image of a region of the body before and after radiodensity radiopaque iodine based dye has been injected Intravenous therapy intravenously into the body. Tissues and blood vessels on the first image are digitally subtracted from the second image, leaving a clear picture of the artery which can then be studied independently and in isolation from the rest of the body. Some studies have indicated that IV DSA is not suitable for patients with Diabetes mellitus diabetes or Renal failure renal insufficiency because the dye load is significantly higher than is used in angiography arteriography . However, IV DSA has been used successfully to study the vessels of the brain and heart and has helped detect carotid artery obstruction and to map patterns of Cerebrum cerebral blood flow. It also helps detect and diagnose lesions in the carotid arteries which is a potential cause of stroke s. IV DSA has also been useful in assessing patients prior to surgery and after coronary artery bypass surgery and some organ transplant transplant operations. See also Digital subtraction angiographyAngiography Angioplasty Sources cite book author Anagnostakos, Nicholas Peter Tortora, Gerard J. title Principles of Anatomy and Physiology publisher Harper & Row location San Francisco year 1990 isbn 0 06 046694 4 cite journal author Eddy AC, Nance DR, Goldman MA, et al. title Rapid diagnosis of thoracic aortic transection using intravenous digital subtraction angiography journal Am. J. Surg. volume 159 issue 5 pages 500 3 year 1990 month May pmid 2334014 doi 10.1016 S0002 9610 05 81255 3 http www.akita noken.go.jp provide ekigaku ... RN title A comparison of angiography, intravenous digital subtraction angiography and duplex ultrasound ... Angiography Category Vascular procedures Category Projectional radiography Category Neuroimaging treatment ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary sequestration Image Pulmonary sequestration 001.jpg Caption DiseasesDB ... 2628 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 585 MeshID D001998 A pulmonary sequestration also known as a bronchopulmonary ... that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply ... of all congenital pulmonary malformations , making it an extremely rare disorder. Sequestration s are classified ... is located outside the normal lung and has its own visceral pleura The blood supply of 75 of pulmonary ... , pulmonary , pericardiophrenic, Brachiocephalic artery innominate , internal mammary , celiac ... via pulmonary veins establishing a left to right shunt medical shunt . Abnormal connections to the vena .... Patients present with signs and symptoms of pulmonary infection of a lower lobe mass. It is believed ... anomalies, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia, and colonic duplication Since it is enveloped ... within the thoracic cavity or pulmonary parenchyma. Recurrent infection can lead to the development ... venous drainage. CT CT scans have 90 accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. The most ... T1 weighted spin echo SE images may help in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by demonstrating ... to have a pulmonary sequestration removed can leads to a number of complications. These include Hemorrhage ... . The treatment for this is a segmentectomy via a thoracotomy . Pulmonary sequestrations usually get their blood supply from the thoracic aorta . intrapulmonary sequestration drains via pulmonary veins, extra pulmonary sequestration drains to the IVC Sources cite journal author Truitt AK, Carr ... Pulmonary Sequestration journal Annals of Thoracic Surgery year 1998 pages 65 1144 6 pmid 9564949 ... pages 853 862 edition 6th External links http www.emedicine.com ped topic2628.htm Emedicine on pulmonary sequestrations http fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org pulmonary sequestration UCSF Fetal Treatment Center Pulmonary Sequestration Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system Category ... more details
Pulmonary volutrauma Volutrauma is essentially damage to the lung caused by overdistention by a mechanical ventilator set for an excessively high tidal volume resulting in a syndrome similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome . ref name pmid21489320 cite journal author Albaiceta GM, Blanch L title Beyond volutrauma in ARDS the critical role of lung tissue deformation. journal Crit Care year 2011 volume 15 issue 2 pages 304 pmid 21489320 doi 10.1186 cc10052 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21489320 ref Volutrauma is separate from Pulmonary barotrauma because the mechanism of injury is excessive volume volutrauma , instead of pressure barotrauma . References references Mechanical ventilation Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Pulmonary talcosis low mag cropped.jpg Caption Pulmonary talcosis. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 34117 ICD10 ICD10 J 62 0 j 60 ICD9 ICD9 502 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Pulmonary talcosis , less specifically referred to as talcosis , is a pulmonary disorder caused by talc . It has been related to silicosis resulting from inhalation of talc and silicates. It is also tied to heroin use where talc might be used as an adulterant to increase weight and street value. ref http books.google.com books?id OHW y6G7AWAC&pg PA934&lpg PA934&dq talcosis heroin use&source bl&ots zOfJgMZR s&sig D7SQafkS7zzJuIj2PDsrwcQ4pe0&hl en&ei uVjLSvqjMYeQtgeiwOzxAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 10 v onepage&q talcosis 20heroin 20use&f false ...For example, the injection of talc diluted heroin causes talcosis... Obstetric anesthesia principles and practice. By David H. Chestnut ref It is one of several noted associations and possible risks of heroin use. ref name pmid6655726 Cite journal last1 Davis first1 LL. title Pulmonary mainline granulomatosis talcosis secondary to intravenous heroin abuse with characteristic x ray findings of asbestosis. journal J Natl Med Assoc volume 75 issue 12 pages 1225 8 month Dec year 1983 doi PMID 6655726 pmc 2561715 pmid 6655726 ref References reflist 2 Category Lung diseases due to external agents medicine stub Respiratory pathology it Talcosi sl Talkoza ... more details
areas in radiography in the lung caused by pulmonary lacerations on the left of the image black arrows ... eMedicineTopic MeshID A pulmonary laceration is a chest injury in which lung tissue is torn or cut. ref name Karmy02 cite book chapter Pulmonary contusion author Sattler S, Maier RV editor Karmy ... serious than pulmonary contusion , pulmonary laceration involves disruption of the architecture of the lung ...&pg PA120&dq pulmonary contusion accessdate 2008 04 26 page 120 ref while pulmonary contusion does not. ref name Wicky00 Pulmonary laceration is commonly caused by penetrating trauma but may .... Causes Pulmonary laceration is a common result of penetrating trauma but may also be caused ... Essentials of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location ... doi 10.1016 j.rcl.2005.10.006 ref Pulmonary laceration may result from blunt and penetrating forces that occur in the same injury and may be associated with pulmonary contusion. ref name ullman03 cite journal author Ullman EA, Donley LP, Brady WJ title Pulmonary trauma emergency department evaluation ... name MillerLA06 As with contusions, pulmonary lacerations usually occur near solid structures in the chest such as ribs. ref name Collins07 Pulmonary laceration is suspected when rib fractures are present. ref name Hopkins08 Classification In 1988, a group led by R.B. Wagner divided pulmonary lacerations ... ?id Bif0zpmEWtAC&pg PT361&vq pulmonary laceration&dq pulmonary laceration ref In type ... EJ, Steinberg KP title Type 2 pulmonary laceration A marker of blunt high energy injury to the lung ... injury that may accompany pulmonary laceration A pulmonary laceration can cause air to leak out ... pulmonary contusion accessdate 2008 04 26 pages 532 ref and into the pleural cavity pleural space , if the laceration goes through to it. ref name mlr07 Pulmonary laceration invariably results in pneumothorax ... url http books.google.com ?id bzm12Y1RhBAC&pg PA64&dq pulmonary laceration ref Unlike hemothoraces ... more details
inline date January 2009 Chemical warfare vert A pulmonary agent or choking agent is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim s ability to Respiratory system breathe . They operate by causing a build up of fluids in the lungs which then leads to Asphyxia suffocation . Exposure to the eyes and skin tend to be corrosive, causing blurred vision and severe deep burns. Inhalation of these agents cause burning of the throat, coughing, vomiting, headache, pain in chest, tightness in chest, and respiratory and circulatory failure. Examples of pulmonary agents include chlorine Chlorine gas Chloropicrin PS Diphosgene DP Phosgene CG Disulfur decafluoride Perfluoroisobutene Acrolein Diphenylcyanoarsine Phosgene is the most dangerous commonly used pulmonary agent although disulfur decafluoride and perfluoroisobutene are both even more dangerous, with respectively 4 and 10 times the lethality of phosgene, neither is widely used . It is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions. It has a vapor density 3.4 times greater than that of air allowing it to remain low in the air for long periods of times. Phosgene leads to massive pulmonary edema, which reaches maximum symptoms in 12 hours after exposure followed by death within 24 48 hours. Chlorine is an element used in industry. It is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. It is used to make pesticides, rubber, and solvents. It is also used in drinking water and swimming pools to kill bacteria. The extent of poisoning caused by chlorine depends on the amount of chlorine a person is exposed to. History The first modern history use of a pulmonary agent was by the British in the Crimean War Citation needed date February 2012 and the Union in the Civil War, Citation needed date February 2012 using shells ... of Chemical Casualties Handbook Pulmonary Agents . Retrieved Nov. 7, 2004. Roland E. Langford, Introduction ... Pulmonary agents Weapon stub de Lungenkampfstoff ja ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary contusion Image Pulmonary contusion CT arrow.jpg Caption A CT scan showing a pulmonary contusion red arrow accompanied by a rib fracture blue arrow DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... MeshID Definition A pulmonary contusion or lung contusion is a contusion bruise of the lung , caused ... oxygen levels hypoxia medical hypoxia . Unlike pulmonary laceration , another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. Causes, history A pulmonary ... I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence ... overload can worsen pulmonary edema , which may be lethal. Prognosis, Epidemiology The severity ... pulmonary contusion is the most common type of potentially lethal chest trauma. It occurs in 30 75 of severe chest injuries. With an estimated mortality rate of 14 40 , pulmonary contusion plays a key .... Pulmonary contusion is usually accompanied by other injuries. Although associated injuries are often the cause of death, pulmonary contusion is thought to cause death directly in a quarter to half ... instead to the lung. Pulmonary contusion is associated with complications including pneumonia ... Image Alveolus diagram.svg thumb right The alveoli Pulmonary contusion and laceration are injuries to the lung tissue. Pulmonary laceration , in which lung tissue is torn or cut, differs from pulmonary contusion in that the former involves disruption of the macroscopic architecture of the lung ... name Wicky00 When lacerations fill with blood, the result is pulmonary hematoma , a collection ... 103 isbn 0 397 51732 7 ref Contusion involves hemorrhage in the pulmonary alveolus alveoli tiny air ... may have no symptoms at all. ref name Costantino06 However, pulmonary contusion is frequently associated .... ref name Fabian07 In general, pulmonary contusion tends to worsen slowly over a few days, ref name ... Crushed Saturn.jpg thumb right Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of pulmonary contusion ... more details
Pulmonary pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplasia neoplastic and non neoplastic disease s of the lung s and thorax thoracic pleura . Diagnostic specimens are often obtained via bronchoscope bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy , Computed tomography CT guided percutaneous biopsy, or thoracic surgery video assisted thoracic surgery VATS . The diagnosis of inflammation inflammatory or fibrosis fibrotic diseases of the lungs is considered by many pathologist s to be particularly challenging. Pathology stub Category Anatomical pathology ... more details
The pulmonary lobes may refer to 2 Left lung Lobes lobes of the left lung 3 Right lung Lobes lobes of the right lung disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue biology tissue of the lung . It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood. ref name White99 A lung laceration filled with air is called a pneumatocele . ref name White99 In some cases, both pneumatoceles and hematomas exist in the same injured lung. ref name Gavelli02 cite journal author Gavelli G, Canini R, Bertaccini P, Battista G, Bn C, Fattori R title Traumatic injuries imaging of thoracic injuries journal European Radiology volume 12 issue 6 pages 1273 1294 year 2002 month June pmid 12042932 doi 10.1007 s00330 002 1439 6 url ref Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles and commonly leave the lungs scarred. ref name White99 cite book author White C, Stern EJ title Chest Radiology Companion publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstown, MD year 1999 pages 80, 176 isbn 0 397 51732 7 oclc doi accessdate 2008 04 30 url http books.google.com ?id keNyAl8AArUC&pg PA176&dq pulmonary laceration ref A pulmonary contusion is another cause of bleeding within the lung tissue, but these result from microhemorrhages, multiple small bleeds, and the bleeding is not a discrete mass but rather occurs within the lung tissue. An indication of more severe damage to the lung than pulmonary contusion, a hematoma also takes longer to clear. ref name Moore03 cite book chapter Trauma to the chest wall and lung author Livingston DH, Hauser CJ title Trauma. Fifth Edition editor Moore EE, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL year 2003 publisher McGraw Hill Professional isbn 0071370692 accessdate 2008 06 30 pages 525 528 ref Unlike contusions, hematomas do not usually interfere with gas exchange in the lung, but they do increase the risk of infection and abscess formation. ref name mlr07 cite journal author Miller DL, Mansour KA title Blunt traumatic lung injuries journal Thoracic Surgery Clinics volume 17 issue 1 pages 57 61 year 2007 pmid 17650697 doi 10.1016 j.thorsurg.2007.03.017 ref References ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary hypoplasia Image Caption DiseasesDB 32488 ICD10 ICD10 Q 33 6 q 30 ICD9 ... radio 790 MeshID Pulmonary hypoplasia is incomplete development of the lung s, resulting in an abnormally low number or size of bronchopulmonary segment s or Pulmonary alveolus alveoli . A congenital ... with normal development of the lungs. Primary idiopathic pulmonary hypoplasia is rare and usually not associated with other maternal or fetal abnormalities. Incidence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9 11 per 10,000 live birth s and 14 per 10,000 births. ref name Cadichon Pulmonary hypoplasia is a common ... in stillbirth s, although not regarded as a cause of these. Causes Causes of pulmonary hypoplasia include a wide variety of congenital malformations and other conditions in which pulmonary hypoplasia ... 22 Pulmonary hypoplasia title Congenital malformations evidence based evaluation and management editor1 ... masses of the neck such as cervical teratoma also can cause pulmonary hypoplasia, presumably by interfering with the fetus s ability to fill its lungs. In the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia, the EXIT ... TM, Flake AW, Adzick NS title Severe pulmonary hypoplasia associated with giant cervical ... Warsaw, Poland 1960 volume 58 issue 7 8 pages 462 5 year 2005 pmid 16425805 doi url issn ref Pulmonary ... of oligohydramnios and cervical cord transection on lung growth in experimental pulmonary hypoplasia ... year 1997 month July pmid 9240585 doi url issn ref Pulmonary hypoplasia is associated with Dextrocardia ... pmid 9639726 doi url issn ref Diagnosis Medical diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero may use imaging ... pulmonary hypoplasia measurement of the chest trunk length ratio in fetuses journal Pediatric Surgery ... of pulmonary hypoplasia journal Pediatric Radiology volume 31 issue 9 pages 669 72 year 2001 month September ... pulmonary hypoplasia, the group that responded to maternal oxygenation had a more favorable outcome ... R, Weiner S, Berghella V title Prenatal prediction of lethal pulmonary hypoplasia the hyperoxygenation ... more details
Pulmonary cyst may refer to Bronchogenic cyst Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Pulmonary cyst may be relevant to Carcinoma ref name pmid21930334 cite journal author Singh N, Bal A title Lung Cyst Caused by Centrally Located Bronchogenic Carcinoma. journal Arch Bronconeumol year 2011 volume issue pages pmid 21930334 doi 10.1016 j.arbres.2011.06.019 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21930334 ref Infantile Stridor ref name pmid21767428 cite journal author Goswamy J, de Kruijf S, Humphrey G, Rothera MP, Bruce IA title Bronchogenic cysts as a cause of infantile stridor case report and literature review. journal J Laryngol Otol year 2011 volume 125 issue 10 pages 1094 1097 pmid 21767428 doi 10.1017 S0022215111001502 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21767428 ref Treatments for pulmonary cysts include Marsupialization ref name pmid8362815 cite journal author Downing GJ, Hayen LK, Kilbride HW title Acquired subglottic cysts in the low birth weight infant. Characteristics, treatment, and outcome. journal Am J Dis Child year 1993 volume 147 issue 9 pages 971 4 pmid 8362815 doi pmc url ref Bronchoscopy ref name pmid8362815 References references Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonology Category Medicine ... more details
Pulmonary compliance or lung compliance can refer to either dynamic or static lung compliance. Static lung compliance is the change in volume for any given applied pressure. ref MeshName Lung compliance ref Dynamic lung compliance is the compliance of the lung at any given time during actual movement of air. The compliance of the lungs demonstrate Hysteresis Respiratory physiology hysteresis , that is the compliance is different on inspiration and expiration for identical volumes. Compliance is greatest at moderate lung volumes , and much lower at volumes which are very low or very high. Calculation Pulmonary compliance is calculated using the following equation, where V is the change in volume, and P is the change in pleural pressure math Compliance frac Delta V Delta P math For example if a patient inhales 500 mL of air from a spirometer with an intrapleural pressure before inspiration of 5 cm H sub 2 sub O and 10 cm H sub 2 sub O at the end of inspiration. Then br math Compliance frac Delta V Delta P frac .5 L 5 cmH 2O 10 cmH 2O frac .5 L 5 cmH 2O 0.1 L times cmH 2O 1 math Static Compliance C sub stat sub Static compliance represents pulmonary compliance during periods without gas flow, such as during an inspiratory pause. It can be calculated with the formula math C stat frac V T P plat PEEP math where P sub plat sub plateau pressure. P sub plat sub is measured at the end of inhalation and prior to exhalation using an inspiratory hold maneuver. During this maneuver, airflow is transiently 0.5 sec discontinued, which eliminates the effects of airway resistance. Pplat is never ... Compliance C sub dyn sub Dynamic compliance represents pulmonary complaince during periods of gas flow ... is associated with a decrease in pulmonary compliance. emphysema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD may be associated with an increase in pulmonary compliance due to the loss of alveolar and elastic tissue. Pulmonary surfactant increases compliance by decreasing the surface tension of water ... more details
one source date June 2010 Infobox disease Name Pulmonary aspiration Image Illu conducting passages.svg Alt Conducting passages. Caption Upper respiratory tract Human pharynx pharynx and larynx and lower respiratory tract Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchus bronchi , and lung ICD10 ICD10 J 69 , ICD10 J 95 4 J 95 br ICD10 O 29 0 O 29 , ICD10 O 74 0 O 74 br ICD10 O 89 0 O 89 , ICD10 P 24 br ICD10 T 17 3 T 17 ICD10 T 17 9 T 17 ICD10 W 78 ICD10 W 80 ICD9 ICD9 668.0 , ICD9 997.3 DiseasesDB 979 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D053120 Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material such as Human pharynx pharyngeal secretion s, food or drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or Human gastrointestinal tract gastrointestinal tract into the larynx voice box and lower respiratory tract the portions of the respiratory system from the Vertebrate trachea trachea windpipe to the lung s . A person may either inhalation inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation . When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as going down the wrong pipe. Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical pneumonitis or pneumonia ... complications following pulmonary aspiration because of certain factors such as Altered level of consciousness ... bifurcations . Risk factors Risk factors for pulmonary aspiration include conditions which depress .... Citation needed date August 2011 Consequences Particle related Pulmonary aspiration of particulate ... . ref name Engelhart1999 Cite journal last Engelhart first T last2 Webster first2 NR title Pulmonary ... ref Acid related Pulmonary aspiration of acidic material such as gastric acid stomach acid ... name Engelhart1999 Bacterial Pulmonary aspiration is often followed by bacterial pneumonia . Community ... , sedation or general anesthesia . In intensive care , sitting patients up reduces the risk of pulmonary ... more details
Pulmonary hygiene , formerly referred to as pulmonary toilet ref name Moody77 cite journal author Moody LE title Primer for pulmonary hygiene journal Am J Nurs volume 77 issue 1 pages 104 6 year 1977 month January pmid 584121 doi 10.2307 3424229 jstor 3424229 ref is a set of methods used to clear mucus and secretion s from the airway s. The word pulmonary refers to the lung s. Toilet Etymology The word toilet is related to the French toilette , refers to body care and hygiene this root is used in words such as toiletry that also relate to cleansing.These methods are widely used by Physiotherapists specialist Physiotherapists who are specialising in Cardiopulmonary field. Pulmonary hygiene prevents atelectasis the collapse of the alveoli of the lungs and rids the respiratory system of secretions, ref name Allen96 cite journal author Allen GS, Coates NE title Pulmonary contusion A collective review journal The American Surgeon volume 62 issue 11 pages 895 900 year 1996 month November pmid 8895709 doi url ref which could cause respiratory infection s. It can also decrease pulmonary shunt ... Methods used for pulmonary hygiene include suction medicine suctioning of the airways, chest physiotherapy ... author Allen GS, Cox CS title Pulmonary contusion in children Diagnosis and management journal Southern ... into the airways so that an examiner can view them, can be used therapeutically as part of pulmonary ... that do not inhibit breathing are also parts of pulmonary toilet. ref name Wilson01 Coughing is also ... G chapter Chronic pulmonary disease Bronchopulmonary dysplasia editor Perkin RM, Swift JD, Dale ... facilitates pulmonary toilet. ref name isbn0 387 98393 7 cite book author Reilley JM, Sicard ... issue 8 pages 739 48 pmid 20597083 doi 10.1002 ppul.21254 pmc url ref . Applications Pulmonary bronchial ... pressure 20mmHg , any spinal injury acute or otherwise, active hemoptysis , pulmonary embolism , pulmonary edema with congestive heart failure and an open or healing wound in the area where ... more details
, reduces surface tension . Function To increase pulmonary compliance . To prevent atelectasis collapse ... to very low, near zero levels. Pulmonary surfactant thus greatly reduces surface tension , increasing ... surfactant molecule in the pulmonary surfactant mixture. It also has higher compaction capacity ... substances of the pulmonary surfactant mixture, the DPPC s adsorption kinetics is very slow. This happens ... title Pulmonary surfactant Surface properties and function of alveolar and airway surfactant journal ... issue 1 pages 195 207 doi 10.1016 S1095 6433 01 00316 6 ref Artificial surfactants File Pulmonary surfactant.JPG thumb 200px Survanta, surrounded by devices for its application. Synthetic pulmonary ... author HW Taeush title Improving Pulmonary Surfactants journal Acta Pharmacologica Sinica year ... tension can be greatly reduced by pulmonary surfactant, this effect will depend on the surfactant ... text align left Pulmonary surfactant in equilibrium at 36 C 25 style text align left Healthy lung ... deficiency Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis History In late 1920s von Neergaard ref cite journal ... of the pulmonary surfactant in increasing the compliance of the lungs by reducing surface tension ... author Veldhuizena,Ruud Nagb, Kaushik Orgeigc, Sandra Possmayer, Fred title The role of lipids in pulmonary ... Mini review on Pulmonary Surfactant Minireview covering composition, function and pathologies of Pulmonary Surfactant Respiratory physiology Membrane proteins DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Surfactant ... Pulmonary function testing de Surfactant fr Surfactant pulmonaire it Surfattante polmonare pt Surfactante ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Magnetic resonance angiography Image Mra mip.jpg Caption Time of flight MRA showing the circle of Willis in the brain. Note the venetian blinds artifact visible as the multiple pseudo stenosis on both the left and right middle cerebral artery ICD10 ICD9 MeshID D018810 OPS301 OPS301 3 808 , OPS301 3 828 OtherCodes Magnetic resonance angiography MRA is a group of techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging MRI to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used ..., unlike conventional or CT angiography do not display the lumen of the vessel, but rather the blood ... Angiography FDA One group of methods for MRA is based on blood flow. These methods are referred to as flow ..., e.g. when imaging a thin slice. Time of flight TOF or inflow angiography , uses a short echo time and flow ... gradient, math G bip math , is null math int G bip , dt 0 math 1 Flow Independent Angiography ... recently. Research Flow independent angiography FIA These methods are not based on flow, but exploit ... by fast spin echo sequences that can be synchronized with heart beats. 4D Dynamic MR Angiography ... catheter angiography images. If several such projections are combined into a cine loop or QuickTime ... successful than CT angiography or invasive catheter angiography. Most often, the underlying disease ... be diagnosed. An advantage of MRA compared to invasive catheter angiography is the non invasive character ... to CT angiography and catheter angiography, is that the patient is not exposed to any ionizing radiation . Also, contrast media used for MRI tend to be less toxic than those used for CT angiography and catheter angiography, with fewer people having any risk of allergy. Also far less is needed to be injected ... 10 minutes to the normal MRI protocol. See also Computed tomography angiography Transcranial doppler Transcranial doppler sonography External links MeshName Magnetic Resonance Angiography 1 Scientific paper Non Contrast Enhanced Flow Independent Peripheral MR Angiography with Balanced SSFP , by Tolga ... more details
infection , stage III fibrocystic pulmonary sarcoidosis , ABPA, lung cancer , Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD and emphysema , asthma and silicosis . Diagnosis The specific criteria ... usually angiography and embolisation , surgery or taking tranexamic acid . Angiography injection ... more details
cite journal author Anderson DR, Kahn SR, Rodger MA et al. year 2007 title Computed tomographic pulmonaryangiography vs ventilation perfusion lung scanning in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... at a rate of 4 ml s. The tracker locator is placed at the level of the pulmonary arteries, which ... opaque contrast in the pulmonary arteries. This is done using bolus tracking . CT machines are now ... time of only 5 seconds or less. A normal CTPA scan will show the contrast filling the pulmonary vessels ... be flowing into the lungs. Diagnostic use main pulmonary embolism CTPA was introduced in the 1990s ... vessels of the lung. It is regarded as a highly sensitive and specific test for pulmonary embolism ... of suspected pulmonary embolism journal N. Engl. J. Med. volume 349 issue 13 pages 1247 56 year 2003 pmid 14507950 doi 10.1056 NEJMcp035442 ref CTPA is typically only requested if pulmonary embolism ... journal author Scarsbrook AF, Gleeson FV title Investigating suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy ... SZ, Costello P title Spiral computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism journal Circulation ... the scan commences when the contrast is detected at the level of the proximal pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . If this is done manually, scanning commences about 10 12 seconds after the injection ... On CTPA, the pulmonary vessels are filled with contrast, and appear white. Any mass filling defects ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Opening of the pulmonary artery Latin ostium trunci pulmonalis GraySubject 138 GrayPage 531 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The opening of the pulmonary artery or trunk is circular in form, and situated at the summit of the conus arteriosus , close to the ventricular septum . It is placed above and to the left of the atrioventricular opening , and is guarded by the pulmonary semilunar valves . See also Pulmonary stenosis External links eMedicineDictionary opening of pulmonary trunk Gray s Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Stenosis of pulmonary artery Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 25 6 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 747.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Stenosis of pulmonary artery is a condition where the pulmonary artery is subject to an abnormal constriction or stenosis . ref name urlPulmonary Artery Stenosis Cite web url http my.clevelandclinic.org disorders pulmonary artery stenosis hic Pulmonary Artery Stenosis.aspx title Pulmonary Artery Stenosis format work accessdate 2009 01 18 ref It should not be confused with a pulmonary valve stenosis , which is in the heart , but can have similar hemodynamic effects. Both stenosis of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve stenosis are causes of pulmonic stenosis . In some cases it is treated with surgery. ref name pmid9566070 Cite journal author Saidi AS, Kovalchin JP, Fisher DJ, Ferry GD, Grifka RG title Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty and stent implantation. For peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in Alagille syndrome journal Tex Heart Inst J volume 25 issue 1 pages 79 82 year 1998 pmid 9566070 pmc 325508 doi url ref References Reflist Congenital vascular defects Category Congenital vascular defects Circulatory disease stub ... more details
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