Refimprove date April 2011 Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg thumb 400px Diagram of pulmonarycirculation. Oxygen rich blood is shown in red oxygen depleted blood in blue. Pulmonarycirculation is the half ... , and returns oxygenated oxygen rich blood back to the heart. The term pulmonarycirculation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation . A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Course Pulmonarycirculation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. De ... circulation before returning again to the pulmonarycirculation. History According to R.A. Young, Wiberg suggests that the early Ancient Greece Greeks knew of the circulation, and quotes a passage from ... bmj.1.4122.1 pmc 2176288 title The PulmonaryCirculation Before and After Harvey Part I year 1940 last1 Young first1 R. A. journal BMJ volume 1 issue 4122 pages 1 pmid 20782884 ref Pulmonarycirculation ... until the dissections of William Harvey in 1616. Embryonic The pulmonarycirculation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation . The fetal lungs are collapsed, and blood passes from the right ... leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery, the only artery in the body that carries ... to the pulmonary vein, the only vein in the body that carries oxygen rich blood in the body, to the heart ... the systemic circulation when it enters the right heart , more specifically the right atrium through ... ventricle . Blood is then pumped through the semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery . Arteries From the right ventricle , blood is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the left and right pulmonary arteries one for each lung and travels through the lungs . Lungs The pulmonary arteries ... to all cells of the body. Veins The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins , which return it to the left heart , completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left ... more details
wiktionarypar circulationCirculation may refer to Circulatory system , a biological organ system whose primary function is to move substances to and from cells Circulation fluid dynamics , the path integral of the fluid velocity around a closed curve Circulation journal , one of the journals published by American Heart Association Circulation architecture , the flow of people through a building Exhaust gas recirculation , a nitrogen oxide reduction technique used in most gasoline and diesel engines Atmospheric circulation , the large scale movement of air Newspaper circulation , the average number of copies of a newspaper distributed on a day Magazine circulation , the average number of copies of a periodical distributed per edition volume Circulation UK duo , a UK house music duo Circulation problem , a generalization of network flow problems Library circulation , the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library Circulation currency , all currency held by consumers and businesses, but not by financial institutions and governments Circulation Festival, an annual circus and Fire dancing fire performance festival held in Dunedin , New Zealand See also List of circulating currencies disambig ca Circulaci cs Kolob h es Circulaci n fr Circulation gl Circulaci n it Circolazione nl Circulatie pt Circula o ru simple Circulation ... more details
Pulmonary angiography or pulmonary arteriography is a cardiology cardiological medicine medical procedure. Pulmonary blood vessel s are X ray Medical uses x rayed to detect arteriovenous malformation s. Direct angiography is the injection of radiocontrast into the circulation with subsequent fluoroscopy direct X ray visualisation of the lungs. A more common form of direct angiography, is the catheterisation of the right atrium of the heart and injection of radiocontrast into the right heart. A popular form of pulmonary angiography is computed tomography pulmonary angiography CTPA . This involves venous contrast only. Invasive pulmonary angiography was first performed in 1931 by Egas Moniz and colleagues. ref cite journal author Moniz E, Carvalho L, Lima A title Angiopneumographie journal Presse Med year 1931 volume 39 pages 996 99 ref Robb and Steinberg described pulmonary angiography by infusion of peripheral radiocontrast. ref cite journal author Robb GP, Steinberg I title A practical method of visualization of the chambers of the heart, the pulmonarycirculation, and the great blood vessels in man journal J Clin Invest year 1938 volume 17 pages 507 pmc 434806 doi 10.1172 JCI100977 ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id Mgl9G8oU1IkC&pg PA566 ref References reflist 2 External links http www.human body.org anatomical glossary 28 angiography pulmonary.html Referencing site for great detail on Pulmonary angiography Pulmonary angiography http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003813.htm Pulmonary angiography MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Category Cardiology treatment stub Medical imaging Category Projectional radiography pt Angiografia pulmonar ... more details
In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thrombectomy , is an emergency procedure that removes blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical surgical thrombectomy or percutaneous percutaneous thrombectomy . ref Casazza F, Roncon L, Greco F. Pulmonary embolism treatment of the acute episode. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct 6 10 818 23. PMID 16270473. ref Surgical thrombectomies were once popular but were abandoned because of poor long term outcomes. Recently, in selected patients, they have gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique. ref Augustinos P, Ouriel K. Invasive approaches to treatment of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31 110 9 Suppl 1 I27 34. DOI 10.1161 01.CIR.0000140900.64198.f4 PMID 15339878. http circ.ahajournals.org cgi content full 110 9 suppl 1 I 27 Free Full Text . ref Relation to PTE Pulmonary thrombectomies and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy pulmonary thromboendarterectomies PTEs are both operations that remove thrombus. Aside from this similarity they differ in many ways. PTEs are done non emergently whilst pulmonary thrombectomies are typically done as an emergency procedure. PTEs typically are done using hypothermia and full cardiac arrest. PTEs are done for chronic pulmonary embolism, thrombectomies for severe acute pulmonary embolism. PTEs are generally considered a very effective treatment, surgical thrombectomies are an area of some controversy and their effectiveness a matter of some debate in the medical community. See also Pulmonary embolism Heart lung machine References references Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery Surgery stub ... more details
mediastinum. Seen from behind.Crystal. Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary artery gallery See also Chronic obstructive lung disease Pulmonary hypertension Thromboembolic disease Pulmonarycirculation Rasmussen s aneurysm External links GPnotebook 53805116 eMedicineDictionary pulmonary ...Infobox Artery Name Pulmonary artery Latin truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis GraySubject 141 GrayPage ... indicate normal blood flow. Pulmonary artery labeled at upper right. Image2 Alveoli diagram.png Caption2 ... BranchTo Vein pulmonary vein Precursor truncus arteriosus embryology truncus arteriosus Supplies MeshName Pulmonary Artery MeshNumber A07.231.114.715 DorlandsPre t 20 DorlandsSuf 12826098 The pulmonary ... heart , the pulmonary trunk pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery begins at the base ... cm 1.2 inches in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries left and right , which deliver de oxygenated blood to the corresponding lung . In contrast to the pulmonary arteries , the bronchial arteries supply mainly nutrition to the lungs themselves. Role in disease Pulmonary ... failure it also occurs as a consequence of pulmonary embolism and scleroderma . It is characterised ... gallery File Thoracic cavity of foetus great vessels 2.JPG Fetal pulmonary artery Image Bronchial ... Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and vertebrate trachea trachea , and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta , while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta . gallery gallery Image Illu bronchi lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image ... relations of pulmonary artery. gallery gallery Image Gray556.png Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart ... 13802loa cardiovascular system Arteries of chest DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Artery Category Arteries ... simple Pulmonary artery sk P cna tepna sr sh Plu no arterijsko ... more details
Hyperdynamic circulation is abnormally increased circulatory volume. Systemic vasodilation and the associated decrease in peripheral vascular resistance results in decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and decreased blood pressure , often presenting with a collapsing pulse . In effort to compensate the heart will increase cardiac output and heart rate , which accounts for the decreased pulse pressure and sinus tachycardia . ref Mosby s Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. S.v. hyperdynamic circulation. Retrieved July 28, 2010 from http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com hyperdynamic circulation ref The condition sometimes accompanies septic shock , preeclampsia , and other physiological and psychiatric conditions. Possible causes Renal disease Hypervolemia Anemia Anxiety Arteriovenous fistula AV fistulae Beriberi Erythroderma Exercise Liver failure Hepatic failure Hydrocephalus ref Greitz, Dan. Radiological Assessment of hydrocephalus new theories and implications for therapy. Neurosurg Rev 2004 27 145 165. ref Hypercapnia Paget s disease of bone Paget s disease Portal hypertension Pregnancy Pyrexia Thyrotoxicosis Vasodilator drugs References Reflist Category Cardiovascular diseases med stub ... more details
treatment of chronic pulmonary embolism using thromboembolectomy under extracorporeal circulation ... HCPCSlevel2 In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy , PTE , is an Surgery operation that removes organized blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Indication PTE is a treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension induced by recurrent chronic pulmonary emboli . Description of the surgery A PTE has significant ... author Dahm M, Mayer E, Eberle B, et al. title Surgical aspects of pulmonary thrombendarterectomy ... url ref . The reason for the complexity of procedure comes from the anatomy. The obvious part is that a pulmonary ... to the lungs has to be diverted from the pulmonary vasculature and lung function taken care of by a machine ... completely, unlike in an acute pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism, which is done without ... WR, Fedullo PF, Jamieson SW title Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension clinical picture ... thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CTEPH lungs also get blood from the bronchial arteries are often ... the optimal plane to dissect the pulmonary artery . If the surgeon dissects too deeply into the vessel wall the pulmonary vessels may rupture. If the surgeon does not dissect deep enough the clot breaks proximally during extraction and the distal part of the pulmonary vasculture will not have its pulmonary blood flow restored. The right lung is typically done first as it is easier. Video cameras angioscopes are used to see deeper into the pulmonary vasculture. At the end an almost beautiful negative of the pulmonary arteries exists as the emboli over time fill the larger vessels that feed ... the whole pulmonary tree the only part missing being what the person was living off before the surgery ... several challenges. Most patients get significant reperfusion pulmonary edema , at places where thrombi ... because with the thrombus removal the surgeon strips out the pulmonary endothelium. The challenge ... more details
Dr. Matayoshi See also Pulmonarycirculation Double circulatory system References Reflist cardiovascular ...Image Diagram of the human heart cropped .svg thumb 300px Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen ated blood away from the heart to the body , and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This physiologic theory of circulation was first described by William Harvey . This term is opposed and contrasted to the term pulmonarycirculation first proposed by Ibn al Nafis . ref cite book last Maton first Anthea authorlink coauthors Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright title Human Biology and Health publisher Prentice Hall year 1993 location Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey pages url doi id isbn 0 13 981176 1 ref Course Systemic circulation refers to the part of the circulatory system in which the blood leaves the heart, services the body s cells, and then re enters the heart. Blood leaves through the left ventricle to the aorta, the body s largest artery. The aorta leads to smaller arteries, arterioles, and finally capillaries. Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the cell into the blood ... tree Oxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation when leaving the left ventricle , through the aortic semilunar valve . The first part of the systemic circulation is the aorta , a massive and thick ... atrium of the heart . Coronary vessels Main Coronary circulation The heart itself is supplied with oxygen and nutrients through a small loop of the systemic circulation. Portal veins The general rule ... portal vein branches into a second capillary system in the liver . Advantage Because the systemic circulation is powered by the left ventricle which is very muscular , one advantage of this form of circulation as opposed to open circulation , or the gill system that fish use to breathe is that there is simultaneous ... Arteries of lower limbs DEFAULTSORT Systemic Circulation Category Angiology Category Underwater ... more details
remove blood from the pulmonarycirculation cardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below, or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung noncardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below. ref name Ware Ware LB, Matthay MA. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2005 353 2788 96. DOI 10.1056 ... be direct injury or injury mediated by high pressures within the pulmonarycirculation. When directly or indirectly caused by increased left ventricular pressure pulmonary edema may form when mean pulmonary pressure rises from the normal of 15 mmHg ref http www.nhlbi.nih.gov health dci Diseases pah pah what.html What Is Pulmonary Hypertension? From Diseases and Conditions Index DCI . National Heart ... of increased pressures in the right ventricle and pulmonarycirculation and also increased ...Infobox disease Name Pulmonary edema Image PulmEdema.PNG Caption Pulmonary edema with small pleural effusions ... Pulmonary edema American English , or oedema British English both words from the Greek language ... lung lung s. ref DorlandsDict three 000033856 pulmonary edema ref It leads to impaired gas exchange ... cause, and thirdly avoiding further damage to the lung. Pulmonary edema, especially in the acute .... Symptoms and signs The overwhelming symptom of pulmonary edema is shortness of breath difficulty ... of chronic pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure. The chronic development of pulmonary ... Ware Diagnosis File Pulmonary oedema.jpg thumb right X Ray showing Pulmonary oedema There is no one single test for confirming that breathlessness is caused by pulmonary edema indeed, in many cases, the cause ... blood gas readings support the proposed diagnosis by suggesting a pulmonary shunt . Chest X ray ... associated with noncardiogenic edema ref name Ware Especially in the case of cardiogenic pulmonary ... function, high central venous pressure s and high pulmonary artery pressures. In certain circumstances ... 100 pg ml suggest a cardiac cause is unlikely. ref name Ware Causes Pulmonary edema is an accumulation ... more details
atrium, thus bypassing pulmonarycirculation . The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ... bypassing pulmonarycirculation, and therefore allow the neonate s blood to become oxygenated in the newly ... circulation. ref name Whitaker Some of the blood entering the right atrium does not pass directly ... into the pulmonary artery . In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary ... s heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive its blood through the fetal circulation ... circulation systems publisher Swiss Virtual Campus accessdate June 29, 2011 ref Flow The blood flow ... . ref name kiserud2004 cite journal doi 10.1002 pd.1062 title The fetal circulation year ... for the first time, there is a decrease in the resistance in the pulmonary vasculature, which ... of cardiovascular system ar fr Circulation f tale nl Foetale bloedsomloop pl Kr enie ... more details
atrium is disconnected from the pulmonarycirculation. The systemic venous return goes directly ...Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary atresia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 25 5 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 747.3 ... 2898 MeshName Pulmonary Atresia MeshNumber C14.240.670 Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs . The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery . In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close like one way doors. As these flaps open and close they allow blood to flow forward into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs ... . With the disease pulmonary atresia, the flap like openings are completely covered by a layer of tissue ... oxygenated blood for survival. Pulmonary atresia is not threatening to a developing fetus however .... Once the baby is born its lungs must now provide the oxygen needed for survival, but with Pulmonary atresia there is no opening on the pulmonary valve for blood to get to the lungs and become oxygenated and the only source of pulmonary blood flow is a patent ductus arteriosus . Due to this, the newborn baby is blue in color and pulmonary atresia can usually be diagnosed within hours or minutes after birth. Classification There are two types of pulmonary atresia. The first type is called pulmonary ... blockage of the pulmonary valve located on the right side of the heart. This blockage thus prevents ..., the structures on that side, such as the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid valve , are abnormally ... 100,000 live births. The second type of pulmonary atresia is called pulmonary atresia with ventricular ... is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia, as it stops the ductus arteriosus from closing, allowing mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. But prostaglandin E1 can be dangerous as it can ... more details
Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary ... of radiation radiotherapy . Other non medical causes of pulmonary toxicity can be chemical compounds and particulate matter. Presentation signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity Side effects on the lungs ... distress syndrome , solitary pulmonary mass even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases ... prohibited by law in most countries , or pulmonary nodule. The diagnosis should be made by a specialist, if possible. Correctly diagnosing pulmonary toxicity Lung symptoms in a patient who is taking a medicinal drug that can cause pulmonary toxicity should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxicity due to the medicinal drug , because some patients can have another i.e., simultaneous ... exercises. Case 12 2003. An 82 year old man with dyspnea and pulmonary abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17 348 16 1574 85. ref Pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs Within all classes of medicinal drugs that possibly can lead to pulmonary toxicity as a side effect, most pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer. ref Meadors M, Floyd J, Perry MC. Pulmonary toxicity ... MC. Radiation induced and chemotherapy induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jul 13 4 242 8. Review. ref Many medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity. A few medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently in medicine defined by international regulatory authorities such as the U.S. ... lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently or very frequently. These include above all amiodarone , as well as beta blockers , ACE inhibitors however, pulmonary toxicity of ACE inhibitors usually lasts only ... . Both oncologists and cardiologists are well aware of possible pulmonary toxicity. Treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs The treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs ... valid for all cases pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs. ref Camus P, Martin WJ 2nd ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Breathing ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year ... of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the lungs ... blood put out by the heart that is not completely oxygenated. In pathological conditions such as pulmonary ... veins draining the left ventricle of the heart human heart draining into blood in the systemic circulation ... in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary .... A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation as occurs in pulmonary embolism , for example ... Prentice D, Ahrens T title Pulmonary complications of trauma journal Critical Care Nursing Quarterly .... Pulmonary shunting causes the blood supply leaving a shunted area of the lung to have lower levels ... physiology medicine stub A pulmonary shunt is a right to left shunt. The shunt which means V ... going to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure oxygen at 100 for five ten ... in the lung is because of a pulmonary shunt. This is because although the PO2 of alveolar ... more details
D006976 In medicine , pulmonary hypertension PH is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein , or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung Pulmonarycirculation ... term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension journal Circulation ... Respiratory pathology Category Pulmonary heart disease and diseases of pulmonarycirculation ...Infobox disease Name Pulmonary arterial hypertension Image Plexiform lesion Pulmonary hypertension.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a plexiform lesion of the lung , as seen in irreversible pulmonary hypertension ..., all of which are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly ... al. title Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension journal J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. volume 43 ... hemoptysis coughing up blood . Pulmonary venous hypertension typically presents with shortness of breath while lying flat or sleeping orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea , while pulmonary arterial .... A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary hypertension, including ... insufficiency is also sought and, if present, is consistent with the presence of pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis Because pulmonary hypertension can be of five major types, a series of tests must be performed to distinguish pulmonary arterial hypertension from venous, hypoxic, thromboembolic, or miscellaneous varieties.. A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary ... heart sound, a loud P sub 2 sub or Pulmonary valve pulmonic valve closure sound part of the second heart sound , para sternal heave, possible S sub 3 sub or third heart sound , and pulmonary regurgitation ... of pulmonary hypertension and exclude other possible diagnoses. These generally include pulmonary function test s blood test s to exclude HIV , autoimmune diseases, and liver disease electrocardiography ... chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Biopsy of the lung is usually not indicated ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary sequestration Image Pulmonary sequestration 001.jpg Caption DiseasesDB ... 2628 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 585 MeshID D001998 A pulmonary sequestration also known as a bronchopulmonary ... that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply ... blood supply from the systemic circulation. BPS is estimated to comprise 0.15 to 6.4 percent of all congenital pulmonary malformations , making it an extremely rare disorder. Sequestration s are classified ... is located outside the normal lung and has its own visceral pleura The blood supply of 75 of pulmonary ... , pulmonary , pericardiophrenic, Brachiocephalic artery innominate , internal mammary , celiac ... via pulmonary veins establishing a left to right shunt medical shunt . Abnormal connections to the vena .... Patients present with signs and symptoms of pulmonary infection of a lower lobe mass. It is believed ... anomalies, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia, and colonic duplication Since it is enveloped ... within the thoracic cavity or pulmonary parenchyma. Recurrent infection can lead to the development ... venous drainage. CT CT scans have 90 accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. The most ... T1 weighted spin echo SE images may help in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by demonstrating ... to have a pulmonary sequestration removed can leads to a number of complications. These include Hemorrhage ... . The treatment for this is a segmentectomy via a thoracotomy . Pulmonary sequestrations usually get their blood supply from the thoracic aorta . intrapulmonary sequestration drains via pulmonary veins, extra pulmonary sequestration drains to the IVC Sources cite journal author Truitt AK, Carr ... Pulmonary Sequestration journal Annals of Thoracic Surgery year 1998 pages 65 1144 6 pmid 9564949 ... pages 853 862 edition 6th External links http www.emedicine.com ped topic2628.htm Emedicine on pulmonary sequestrations http fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org pulmonary sequestration UCSF Fetal Treatment ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A secondary circulation is a circulation induced in a rotating system. For example, the primary circulation of Earth s atmosphere is zonal . If however a parcel of air, that moves in a purely zonal direction, is accelerated or decelerated zonally, the Coriolis force will add a meridional component to its velocity. This meridional circulation is then the secondary circulation. See also Hough function Primitive equations Secondary flow DEFAULTSORT Secondary Circulation Category Geophysics Category Physical oceanography Category Atmospheric dynamics Category Fluid mechanics Fluiddynamics stub nn Sekund r sirkulasjon ... more details
stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism journal Circulation volume 108 issue ...Infobox disease Name Pulmonary embolism Image SaddlePE.PNG Caption Chest spiral CT scan with radiocontrast agent showing multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation and in the pulmonary artery pulmonary ... Pulmonary embolism PE is a blockage of the pulmonary artery main artery of the lung or one of its ... 139140 1 pages 1561 65 chapter Pulmonary thromboembolism ref Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include ... and imaging studies, usually CT pulmonary angiography . Treatment is typically with anticoagulant medication ... plasminogen activator tPA or may require surgical intervention via pulmonary thrombectomy . ref ... pulmonary component of the second heart sound , and raised jugular venous pressure . ref name Goldhaber A low grade fever may be present, particularly if there is associated pulmonary hemorrhage or infarction. ref cite journal author Stein PD, Sostman HD, Hull RD, et al. title Diagnosis of Pulmonary ... and migrate to the lung circulation, which happens in up to 15 of all DVTs. The conditions ... hump in a person with a right lower lobe pulmonary embolism The diagnosis of PE is based primarily ... J title Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism increasing the models ... I, Dreyer JF, Barnes D, Forgie M, Kovacs G, Ward J, Kovacs MJ title Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. ANTELOPE Study Group journal Thromb. Haemost. volume ... Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability ... pulmonary embolism journal Ann. Intern. Med. volume 144 issue 3 pages 157 64 year 2006 pmid 16461959 ... policy on evaluation and management of pulmonary embolism journal American Family Physician volume ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Library circulation or library lending comprises the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library . A circulation or lending department is one of the key departments of a library. The main public service point is the circulation desk or loans desk, usually found near the main entrance of a library. It provides lending services and facilities for return of loaned items. Renewal of materials and payment of fines are also handled at the circulation desk. Circulation staff may provide basic search and reference services, though more in depth questions are usually referred to reference librarians at the library reference desk . The circulation desk is in most cases staffed by library aides instead of professional librarians. Functions of the circulation desk staff may include Lending materials to library users Checking in materials returned Monitoring materials for damage and routing them to the appropriate staff for repair or replacement Troubleshooting circulation technology, i.e. library circulation software, scanners, printers, etc. Collecting statistics on library use, i.e. patron transactions, material checkouts, etc. See also Interlibrary loan Library reference desk DEFAULTSORT Library Circulation Category Library science Library stub ... more details
In the field of architecture , circulation refers to the way people move through and interact with a building. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 118392 circulationcirculation architecture in Britannica Online Encyclopedia ref In public buildings, circulation is of high importance for example, in buildings such as museums , it is key to have a floor plan that allows continuous movement while minimizing the necessity to retrace one s steps, allowing a visitor to see each work in a sequential, natural fashion. Structures such as elevator s, escalators , and staircases are often referred to as circulation elements, as they are positioned and designed to optimize the flow of people through a building. References references Category Architectural design Architecture stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of Circulatory anastomosis anastamoses branches formed between adjacent blood vessels. An example of the usefulness of collateral circulation is a systemic thrombo embolism in cats. This is when a thrombus lodges above the external iliac artery Common Iliac Artery , blocking the external and internal iliac arteries and effectively shutting off all blood supply to the hind leg. Even though the main vessels to the leg are blocked, enough blood can get to the tissues in the leg via the collateral circulation in order to keep them alive. Another example in Humans is where a person suffers an acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Attack , collateral circulation in the Heart tissue will sometimes by pass the blockage in the main artery and supply enough oxygenated blood to enable the Cardiac tissue to survive and recover. DEFAULTSORT Collateral Circulation Category Angiology Circulatory stub ... more details
Enteroenteric circulation is the secretion back into the intestines of substances previously taken up from it. It occurs when there is a negative relative concentration of substance in the intestines, making it passively diffuse from the mesenteric circulation into the intestinal lumen and is trapped. ref name CNYPCC http www.upstate.edu poison pdf tox newsletter 04 01toxnews.pdf The CNYPCC Toxicology Letter Vol. VI No. 2. Central New York Regional Poison Control Center. April, 2001 ref Examples of toxins that exhibit enteroenteric circulation include theophylline , phenobarbital , and phenytoin . ref name CNYPCC Administration of activated charcoal inhibits the enteroenteric circulation of such substances, and is therefore useful in overdose or intoxication. ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 471331 medscape.com Use of Activated Charcoal in Drug Overdose. By Desiree Lie, MD, MSEd. Posted 25 March 2004 ref See also Enterohepatic circulation References Reflist Category Gastroenterology Medicine stub ... more details
A newspaper s circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation , since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical ... claimed by the publisher. In many developed countries newspaper circulation is falling due to social ... developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy. World newspapers with the largest circulation The World Association of Newspapers WAN publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily ... the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 93.5 million a day, India came second with 78.8 ... , Asahi Shimbun and Mainichi Shimbun are still the List of newspapers in the world by circulation ... by circulation largest circulated English language daily newspaper in the world, across all formats .... The List of newspapers in the United States by circulation largest circulated newspapers from the United ... of years but according to its own press kit, the circulation of USA Today declined by 3 million ... circulation of the Soviet newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda exceeded 21,500,000 in 1990, while the Soviet weekly Argumenty i Fakty boasted a circulation of 33,500,000 in 1991. Individual countries India see List of newspapers in India by circulation The 2010 Indian Readership Survey findings http www.newswatch.in ... Kerala, currently has a readership of over 9.9 million with a circulation base of over 2 million copies has the most circulation in other languages. Belgium The Belgian institution CIM Centre for Information about Media publishes national circulation figures for all written, audiovisual and web based ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Pulmonary plexus Latin plexus pulmonalis GraySubject 205 GrayPage 913 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648348 The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk . It supplies the Bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. External links eMedicineDictionary Pulmonary plexus Gray s autonomic Category Nerves of the head and neck neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox journal title Circulation cover File Circulation journal cover.gif editor Joseph Loscalzo discipline ... 7322 eISSN 1524 4539 boxwidth Circulation is a scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams ... ref 2008 saw the appearance of six subspecialty journals. The first edition of Circulation Arrhythmia ... pmid 19808386 ref followed by an edition dedicated to heart failure in May titled Circulation Heart Failure Circ Heart Fail . ref cite journal author Udelson JE title The inaugural issue of Circulation ... per month from July through October 2008. In order of release they were, Circulation Cardiovascular ... issue 1 pages 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCIMAGING.108.793083 ref Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions Circ Cardiovasc Intervent , ref cite journal author Faxon D title Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions ... 1 pages 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.799270 pmid 20031647 ref Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , ref cite journal author Krumholz H title Circulation ... 1 doi 10.1161 CIRCOUTCOMES.108.814509 pmid 20031779 ref and Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics Circ ... The Inauguration of Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics journal Circ Cardiovasc Genet year 2008 ... access policy All Circulation papers are available for free full text Open access publishing open access ... http circ.ahajournals.org Circulation home page http circep.ahajournals.org Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology home page http circheartfailure.ahajournals.org Circulation Heart Failure home page http circimaging.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging home page http circinterventions.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions home page http circoutcomes.ahajournals.org Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes home page http circgenetics.ahajournals.org Circulation ... page DEFAULTSORT Circulation Journal Category Cardiology journals Category Publications established ... stub fr Circulation journal nl Circulation ja ... more details
Image hepatic.JPG thumb right Enterohepatic Circulation. Distinguish2 the hepatic portal system which directs nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver Refimprove date July 2011 Enterohepatic circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acid s from the liver , where they are produced and secreted in the bile , to the small intestine , where it aids in digestion of fats and other substances, back to the liver. ref name urlSect. 6, Ch. 5 Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids cite web url nowiki http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section6 6ch5 s6ch5 17.htm nowiki Dead link date July 2011 title Sect. 6, Ch. 5 Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids format work accessdate ref Endogenous bacteria play an important role in enterohepatic circulation. ref name urlMetabolic Activities of the Microflora cite book first1 Sherwood L. last1 Gorbach chapter Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract pmid 21413258 chapterurl http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK7670 year 1996 editor1 first Samuel editor1 last Baron title Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract edition 4th isbn 0 9631172 1 1 ref Hepatocytes metabolize cholesterol to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid . These lipid soluble bile acid s are conjugated mainly to glycine or taurine molecules to form water ... are delivered to the duodenum will be recycled by the enterohepatic circulation. Due to the pH ... salts are reabsorbed actively into hepatic portal circulation. Bacteria deconjugate some of the primary ... into hepatic portal circulation. Finally, the conjugated bile acids which remained un ionized conjugated ... escapes the healthy liver into systemic circulation. If bile does escape, jaundice may be observed ... 20 times, often multiple times during a single digestive phase. Drugs Enterohepatic circulation ... in the enterohepatic circulation for a prolonged period of time as a result of this recycling process. See also Enteroenteric circulation References reflist External links GPnotebook 1040580666 Gastrointestinal ... more details
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