Infobox Ligament Name Pulmonaryligament Latin ligamentum pulmonale GraySubject 238 GrayPage 1090 Image Gray972.png Caption Mediastinal surface of right lung . Pulmonaryligament labeled at lower right. Image2 Caption2 From To MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492915 The root of the lung is covered in front, above, and behind by pleura at its inferior border, the investing layers come into contact. Here they form a sort of mesenteric fold, the pulmonaryligament , which extends between the inferior part of the mediastinal surface of the lung and the pericardium . The pulmonaryligament droops down from the hilum of lung hilum of the lung . Just above the diaphragm the ligament ends in a free falciform border. It serves to retain the inferior part of the lung in position. External links GPnotebook 33947708 SUNYAnatomyFigs 19 05 10 Gray s Thoracic cavity Category Pleura respiratory stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The inferior pulmonaryligament is a double layer of pleura that connects the lower lobe of the lung to the mediastinum and the medial part of the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm . References cite journal author Cooper C, Moss AA, Buy JN, Stark DD title CT appearance of the normal inferior pulmonaryligament journal AJR. American journal of roentgenology volume 141 issue 2 pages 237 40 year 1983 month August pmid 6603110 doi url http www.ajronline.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 6603110 cite journal author Rost RC, Proto AV title Inferior pulmonaryligament computed tomographic appearance journal Radiology volume 148 issue 2 pages 479 83 year 1983 month August pmid 6867346 doi url http radiology.rsnajnls.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 6867346 cite journal author Mirilas P, Siatitsas Y, Skandalakis JE title Benign anatomical mistakes inferior pulmonaryligament journal The American surgeon volume 68 issue 10 pages 922 6 year 2002 month October pmid 12412727 doi url ligament stub Category Ligaments fr Ligament triangulaire du poumon ... more details
Infobox anatomy Name Ligament Latin ligamenta GraySubject GrayPage Image Knee diagram.svg Caption Diagram ... MeshName MeshNumber In anatomy , the term ligament is used to denote any of three types of structures. ref eMedicineDictionary ligament ref Most commonly, it refers to fibrous Tissue biology tissue that connects bone s to other bones and is also known as articular ligament , articular larua , ref DorlandsDict five 000059130 ligament ref fibrous ligament , or true ligament . Ligament can also refer to Peritoneal ligament a fold of peritoneum or other membranes. Fetal remnant ligament the remnants ... to other muscles. Articular ligaments Ligament most commonly refers to a band of tough, fibrous ... stability but permit a far larger range of motion. Cruciate ligament s occur in pairs. Ligaments ... persons is hyperlaxity . The consequence of a broken ligament can be instability of the joint. Not all broken ligaments need surgery, but, if surgery is needed to stabilise the joint, the broken ligament can be repaired. Scar tissue may prevent this. If it is not possible to fix the broken ligament ... col 2 Head and neck Cricothyroid ligament Periodontal ligament Suspensory ligament of the lens Thorax Suspensory ligament of the breast Pelvis Anterior sacroiliac ligament Posterior sacroiliac ligament Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrospinous ligament Inferior pubic ligament Superior pubic ligament Suspensory ligament of the penis col 2 Wrist Palmar radiocarpal ligament Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Ulnar collateral ligament wrist Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament wrist Radial collateral ligament Knee Anterior cruciate ligament ACL Lateral collateral ligament LCL Posterior cruciate ligament PCL Medial collateral ligament MCL Cranial cruciate ligament CrCL quadruped equivalent of ACL Caudal cruciate ligament CaCL quadruped equivalent of PCL Patellar ligament col end Peritoneal ... ligament , that surrounds the hepatic portal vein and other vessels as they travel from the duodenum ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Pulmonary plexus Latin plexus pulmonalis GraySubject 205 GrayPage 913 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648348 The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk . It supplies the Bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. External links eMedicineDictionary Pulmonary plexus Gray s autonomic Category Nerves of the head and neck neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Artery Name Pulmonary artery Latin truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis GraySubject 141 GrayPage ... indicate normal blood flow. Pulmonary artery labeled at upper right. Image2 Alveoli diagram.png Caption2 ... BranchTo Vein pulmonary vein Precursor truncus arteriosus embryology truncus arteriosus Supplies MeshName Pulmonary Artery MeshNumber A07.231.114.715 DorlandsPre t 20 DorlandsSuf 12826098 The pulmonary ... heart , the pulmonary trunk pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery begins at the base ... cm 1.2 inches in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries left and right , which deliver de oxygenated blood to the corresponding lung . In contrast to the pulmonary arteries , the bronchial arteries supply mainly nutrition to the lungs themselves. Role in disease Pulmonary ... failure it also occurs as a consequence of pulmonary embolism and scleroderma . It is characterised ... gallery File Thoracic cavity of foetus great vessels 2.JPG Fetal pulmonary artery Image Bronchial ... Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and vertebrate trachea trachea , and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta , while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta . gallery gallery Image Illu bronchi lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image ... relations of pulmonary artery. gallery gallery Image Gray556.png Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart ... mediastinum. Seen from behind.Crystal. Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary artery gallery See also Chronic obstructive lung disease Pulmonary hypertension Thromboembolic disease Pulmonary circulation Rasmussen s aneurysm External links GPnotebook 53805116 eMedicineDictionary pulmonary ... 13802loa cardiovascular system Arteries of chest DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Artery Category Arteries ... simple Pulmonary artery sk P cna tepna sr sh Plu no arterijsko ... more details
In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thrombectomy , is an emergency procedure that removes blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical surgical thrombectomy or percutaneous percutaneous thrombectomy . ref Casazza F, Roncon L, Greco F. Pulmonary embolism treatment of the acute episode. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct 6 10 818 23. PMID 16270473. ref Surgical thrombectomies were once popular but were abandoned because of poor long term outcomes. Recently, in selected patients, they have gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique. ref Augustinos P, Ouriel K. Invasive approaches to treatment of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31 110 9 Suppl 1 I27 34. DOI 10.1161 01.CIR.0000140900.64198.f4 PMID 15339878. http circ.ahajournals.org cgi content full 110 9 suppl 1 I 27 Free Full Text . ref Relation to PTE Pulmonary thrombectomies and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy pulmonary thromboendarterectomies PTEs are both operations that remove thrombus. Aside from this similarity they differ in many ways. PTEs are done non emergently whilst pulmonary thrombectomies are typically done as an emergency procedure. PTEs typically are done using hypothermia and full cardiac arrest. PTEs are done for chronic pulmonary embolism, thrombectomies for severe acute pulmonary embolism. PTEs are generally considered a very effective treatment, surgical thrombectomies are an area of some controversy and their effectiveness a matter of some debate in the medical community. See also Pulmonary embolism Heart lung machine References references Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery Surgery stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name heart Latin heart GraySubject 138 GrayPage 532 Image Diagram of the human heart cropped .svg Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart . White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Image2 Gray494.png Caption2 Heart seen from above. Width 300 System MeshName Pulmonary Valve MeshNumber A07.541.510.738 The pulmonary valve sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve is the heart valves semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. Similar to the aortic valve , the pulmonary valve opens in cardiac cycle ventricular systole , when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonary valve. The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound S2 . The right heart is a low pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation . Additional images gallery Image Gray493.png Interior of right side of heart. Image Gray1216.svg Front of thorax , showing surface relations of bone s, lungs purple , pleura blue , and heart red outline . Heart valves are labeled with Bicuspid valve B , Tricuspid valve T , Aortic valve A , and P . Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary valves gallery See also Heart valve External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 20 07 00 http www.youtube.com watch?v i9jrNh2wFzE Adult Congenital Surgery Pulmonary Valve Replacement Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ca V lvula pulmonar de Pulmonalklappe ja nn Pulmonalklaff ... more details
Pulmonary angiography or pulmonary arteriography is a cardiology cardiological medicine medical procedure. Pulmonary blood vessel s are X ray Medical uses x rayed to detect arteriovenous malformation s. Direct angiography is the injection of radiocontrast into the circulation with subsequent fluoroscopy direct X ray visualisation of the lungs. A more common form of direct angiography, is the catheterisation of the right atrium of the heart and injection of radiocontrast into the right heart. A popular form of pulmonary angiography is computed tomography pulmonary angiography CTPA . This involves venous contrast only. Invasive pulmonary angiography was first performed in 1931 by Egas Moniz and colleagues. ref cite journal author Moniz E, Carvalho L, Lima A title Angiopneumographie journal Presse Med year 1931 volume 39 pages 996 99 ref Robb and Steinberg described pulmonary angiography by infusion of peripheral radiocontrast. ref cite journal author Robb GP, Steinberg I title A practical method of visualization of the chambers of the heart, the pulmonary circulation, and the great blood vessels in man journal J Clin Invest year 1938 volume 17 pages 507 pmc 434806 doi 10.1172 JCI100977 ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id Mgl9G8oU1IkC&pg PA566 ref References reflist 2 External links http www.human body.org anatomical glossary 28 angiography pulmonary.html Referencing site for great detail on Pulmonary angiography Pulmonary angiography http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003813.htm Pulmonary angiography MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Category Cardiology treatment stub Medical imaging Category Projectional radiography pt Angiografia pulmonar ... more details
HCPCSlevel2 In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy , PTE , is an Surgery operation that removes organized blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Indication PTE is a treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension induced by recurrent chronic pulmonary emboli . Description of the surgery A PTE has significant ... author Dahm M, Mayer E, Eberle B, et al. title Surgical aspects of pulmonary thrombendarterectomy ... url ref . The reason for the complexity of procedure comes from the anatomy. The obvious part is that a pulmonary ... to the lungs has to be diverted from the pulmonary vasculature and lung function taken care of by a machine ... completely, unlike in an acute pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism, which is done without ... treatment of chronic pulmonary embolism using thromboembolectomy under extracorporeal circulation ... WR, Fedullo PF, Jamieson SW title Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension clinical picture ... thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CTEPH lungs also get blood from the bronchial arteries are often ... the optimal plane to dissect the pulmonary artery . If the surgeon dissects too deeply into the vessel wall the pulmonary vessels may rupture. If the surgeon does not dissect deep enough the clot breaks proximally during extraction and the distal part of the pulmonary vasculture will not have its pulmonary blood flow restored. The right lung is typically done first as it is easier. Video cameras angioscopes are used to see deeper into the pulmonary vasculture. At the end an almost beautiful negative of the pulmonary arteries exists as the emboli over time fill the larger vessels that feed ... the whole pulmonary tree the only part missing being what the person was living off before the surgery ... several challenges. Most patients get significant reperfusion pulmonary edema , at places where thrombi ... because with the thrombus removal the surgeon strips out the pulmonary endothelium. The challenge ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg thumb 400px Diagram of pulmonary circulation. Oxygen rich blood is shown in red oxygen depleted blood in blue. Pulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs , and returns oxygenated oxygen rich blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation . A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Course Pulmonary ... leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery, the only artery in the body that carries ... to the pulmonary vein, the only vein in the body that carries oxygen rich blood in the body, to the heart ... ventricle . Blood is then pumped through the semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery . Arteries From the right ventricle , blood is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the left and right pulmonary arteries one for each lung and travels through the lungs . Lungs The pulmonary arteries ... to all cells of the body. Veins The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins , which return it to the left heart , completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left ... circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. History According to R.A. Young, Wiberg ... bmj.1.4122.1 pmc 2176288 title The Pulmonary Circulation Before and After Harvey Part I year 1940 last1 Young first1 R. A. journal BMJ volume 1 issue 4122 pages 1 pmid 20782884 ref Pulmonary circulation ... until the dissections of William Harvey in 1616. Embryonic The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually ... between the two atria. When the lungs expand at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. Over the course ... known as the Fossa ovalis heart fossa ovalis in the adult heart. See also Pulmonary hypertension References ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary hemorrhage Image Pulmonary haemorrhage low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a pulmonary haemorrhage. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 P26, R04.8 ICD9 ICD9 770.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1002002 MeshID Pulmonary hemorrhage or pulmonary haemorrhage is an Acute medicine acute bleeding from the lung , especially in the upper respiratory tract and the endotracheal tube . When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive, associated with bleeding in other sites as well as more than one third of the lungs. ref name UCSF http www.ucsfhealth.org childrens health professionals manuals 29 PulmHemorrhage.pdf Pulmonary Hemorrhage Intensive Care Nursery House Staff Manual. UCSF Children s Hospital at UCSF Medical Center. 2004 The Regents of the University of California . Retrieved 2008 10 28. ref The onset of Pulmonary Hemorrhage is characterized by oozing of bloody fluid from the Human nose nose and endotracheal tube , as well as to a lesser extent in other places, accompanied by rapid worsening of patient respiration, cyanosis and, in severe cases, Shock circulatory shock . ref name UCSF Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities ... The outcome of treatment is dependent on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10 ... is 1 in 1,000 live births. ref name UCSF Pulmonary hemorrhage has a high mortality rate, 30 to 40 ... associated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage. Other associated factors are those that predispose to perinatal ... of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema , as the hematocrit is lower than normal blood usually ... pulmonary microvascular pressure, resulting in pulmonary edema. ref name UCSF Contributing factors include factors that favor increased filtration of fluid from pulmonary capillaries e.g., low concentration of plasma protein s, high Pulmonary alveolus alveolar surface tension, lung damage ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary edema Image PulmEdema.PNG Caption Pulmonary edema with small pleural effusions ... Pulmonary edema American English , or oedema British English both words from the Greek language ... lung lung s. ref DorlandsDict three 000033856 pulmonary edema ref It leads to impaired gas exchange ... remove blood from the pulmonary circulation cardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below, or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung noncardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below. ref name Ware Ware LB, Matthay MA. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2005 353 2788 96. DOI 10.1056 ... cause, and thirdly avoiding further damage to the lung. Pulmonary edema, especially in the acute .... Symptoms and signs The overwhelming symptom of pulmonary edema is shortness of breath difficulty ... of chronic pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure. The chronic development of pulmonary ... Ware Diagnosis File Pulmonary oedema.jpg thumb right X Ray showing Pulmonary oedema There is no one single test for confirming that breathlessness is caused by pulmonary edema indeed, in many cases, the cause ... blood gas readings support the proposed diagnosis by suggesting a pulmonary shunt . Chest X ray ... associated with noncardiogenic edema ref name Ware Especially in the case of cardiogenic pulmonary ... function, high central venous pressure s and high pulmonary artery pressures. In certain circumstances ... 100 pg ml suggest a cardiac cause is unlikely. ref name Ware Causes Pulmonary edema is an accumulation ... be direct injury or injury mediated by high pressures within the pulmonary circulation. When directly or indirectly caused by increased left ventricular pressure pulmonary edema may form when mean pulmonary pressure rises from the normal of 15 mmHg ref http www.nhlbi.nih.gov health dci Diseases pah pah what.html What Is Pulmonary Hypertension? From Diseases and Conditions Index DCI . National Heart ... Sciences, 2001 ISBN 1560534206, 9781560534204 ref Broadly, the causes of pulmonary oedema can be divided ... more details
Bronchial anatomy Image Illu bronchi lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image Alveolus diagram.svg Alveolus diagram Image Gray494.png Heart seen from above. Image Gray503.png Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery. Image Gray504.png Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs. Image Gray556.png ... more details
A pulmonary tractotomy is a surgical technique to treat a penetrating lung injury . The tract of the lung injury is opened, and open bronchi and blood vessels are ligated sewn . Treatment of penetrating lung injuries Emergency surgery for a penetrating lung injury, e.g. an accident or a gunshot, is associated with a very high mortality rate . Such lung injuries cannot be treated with simple surgery they cannot be oversewn. If treated with simple surgery, blood vessels within the tract of the lung injury may continue to bleed and result in a haematoma which should be avoided. Or the patient may suffer a pulmonary air embolism and subsequently die. Penetrating lung injuries can be treated with a formal lung resection, or with pulmonary tractotomy. Comparison of treatments Pulmonary tractotomy is a lung sparing technique. It can prevent the need for formal lung resection. Its advantages over segmental lung resection include that it can be performed quicker it offers a rapid way to control bleeding haemorrhage and air leaks in patients with penetrating lung injuries. Also, pulmonary tractotomy can preserve healthy pulmonary tissue parenchyma this naturally is not possible with lung resection. ref Pulmonary tractotomy with selective vascular ligation for penetrating injuries to the lung. Wall MJ Jr, Hirshberg A, Mattox KL. Am J Surg. 1994 Dec 168 6 665 9. ref ref Stapled pulmonary tractotomy a rapid way to control hemorrhage in penetrating pulmonary injuries. Asensio JA, Demetriades ... TV. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Nov 185 5 486 7. ref ref Pulmonary tractotomy as an abbreviated thoracotomy ... C, Moore EE, Biffl WL, Franciose RJ, Offner PJ, Burch JM. J Trauma. 2002 Sep 53 3 483 7. ref ref Pulmonary ... is the same with pulmonary tractotomy and lung resection both are viable surgical treatment options ..., rather than the type of treatment. ref Pulmonary tractotomy versus lung resection viable options ... Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery ... more details
Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary ... of radiation radiotherapy . Other non medical causes of pulmonary toxicity can be chemical compounds and particulate matter. Presentation signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity Side effects on the lungs ... distress syndrome , solitary pulmonary mass even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases ... prohibited by law in most countries , or pulmonary nodule. The diagnosis should be made by a specialist, if possible. Correctly diagnosing pulmonary toxicity Lung symptoms in a patient who is taking a medicinal drug that can cause pulmonary toxicity should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxicity due to the medicinal drug , because some patients can have another i.e., simultaneous ... exercises. Case 12 2003. An 82 year old man with dyspnea and pulmonary abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17 348 16 1574 85. ref Pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs Within all classes of medicinal drugs that possibly can lead to pulmonary toxicity as a side effect, most pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer. ref Meadors M, Floyd J, Perry MC. Pulmonary toxicity ... MC. Radiation induced and chemotherapy induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jul 13 4 242 8. Review. ref Many medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity. A few medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently in medicine defined by international regulatory authorities such as the U.S. ... lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently or very frequently. These include above all amiodarone , as well as beta blockers , ACE inhibitors however, pulmonary toxicity of ACE inhibitors usually lasts only ... . Both oncologists and cardiologists are well aware of possible pulmonary toxicity. Treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs The treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs ... valid for all cases pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs. ref Camus P, Martin WJ 2nd ... more details
A Pulmonary Scientist is a health care occupation in the field of diagnostic studies related specifically to pulmonary function , the term Respiratory Scientist may also refer to a Pulmonologist who holds a medical degree and a doctoral degree MD PhD ref name pmid20617208 cite journal author O Donnell DE title The clinician scientist in respirology a vanishing phenotype journal Can Respir J year 2010 volume 17 issue 3 pages 104 7 pmid 20617208 doi pmc 2900135 url ref . Internationally pulmonary scientists have many different titles, such as pulmonary function techonologist, respiratory scientist, pulmonary scientist, cardiopulmonary specialist and in some places registered respiratory therapist s are also used in the role of pulmonary scientists. A physician in respiratory science is generally referred to as a physician in their title ie. Respiratory Physician Scientist ref name pmid20617208 . Respiratory science is a diminishing field of study and research even though the increase in respiratory related disease is increasing ref name pmid20617208 cite journal author O Donnell DE title ... 17 issue 3 pages 104 7 pmid 20617208 doi pmc 2900135 url ref . International Pulmonary Science Australia ... to describe the profession which is limited to Pulmonary Function Testing . Though there is no official ... Sleep Disorders Specialist and the Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist. The representative body is the Irish Association of Respiratory Scientists . United States Pulmonary Function Technologist Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist RPFT The registered pulmonary function technologist ... Care . Primarily the RPFT performs the technical function of pulmonary function test ing. Certified Pulmonary Function Technologist CPFT The certified pulmonary function technologist in the United States ... technologist technician the CPFT performs pulmonary function test ing. References references Health stub Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonary function testing Category Medicine ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary atresia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 25 5 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 747.3 ... 2898 MeshName Pulmonary Atresia MeshNumber C14.240.670 Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs . The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery . In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close like one way doors. As these flaps open and close they allow blood to flow forward into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs ... . With the disease pulmonary atresia, the flap like openings are completely covered by a layer of tissue ... oxygenated blood for survival. Pulmonary atresia is not threatening to a developing fetus however .... Once the baby is born its lungs must now provide the oxygen needed for survival, but with Pulmonary atresia there is no opening on the pulmonary valve for blood to get to the lungs and become oxygenated and the only source of pulmonary blood flow is a patent ductus arteriosus . Due to this, the newborn baby is blue in color and pulmonary atresia can usually be diagnosed within hours or minutes after birth. Classification There are two types of pulmonary atresia. The first type is called pulmonary ... blockage of the pulmonary valve located on the right side of the heart. This blockage thus prevents ..., the structures on that side, such as the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid valve , are abnormally ... 100,000 live births. The second type of pulmonary atresia is called pulmonary atresia with ventricular ... is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia, as it stops the ductus arteriosus from closing, allowing mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. But prostaglandin E1 can be dangerous as it can ... be performed shortly after birth. A shunt can be created between the aorta and the pulmonary ... more details
ref&cmd prlinks&id 16760357 ref . In general pulmonary rehabilitation refers to a series ... Sat title Pulmonary Rehabilitation url http emedicine.medscape.com article 319885 overview showall publisher eMedicine accessdate 8 June 2011 ref Pulmonary rehabilitation may be carried out in a variety ... intervention. ref name rcj cite web title Pulmonary Rehabilitation url http www.rcjournal.com ... 8 June 2011 ref Background Pulmonary rehabilitation is generally specific to the individual patient ... with lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF and cystic fibrosis, among others. Although the process is focused on the rehabilitation ... The setting of pulmonary rehabilitation varies by patient settings may include inpatient care , Ambulatory ... there are no universally accepted procedure codes for pulmonary rehabilitation, providers usually use codes for general Therapy therapeutic processes . ref name codes The goal of pulmonary rehabilitation ... be used in the process of pulmonary rehabilitation including Anti inflammatory agents inhaled steroids ... more details
Image IPF amiodarone.JPG thumb A chest X ray demonstrating pulmonary fibrosis due to amiodarone . Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation What is Pulmonary Fibrosis? Last updated October 19, 2009 ref Symptoms Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly Shortness of breath , particularly with exertion ... ref name pff Loss of appetite and rapid weight loss ref name pff Pulmonary fibrosis is suggested .... ref name medicinenet Cause See Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary ... pff However, pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In this case, it is termed idiopathic . ref name nlm Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . This is a diagnosis ... C has been found to exist in some families with a history of pulmonary fibrosis. ref name pff Diseases and conditions that may cause pulmonary fibrosis as a secondary effect include Inhalation of environmental ... pulmonaryfibrosis.html MedlinePlus Pulmonary Fibrosis Date last updated 09 February 2010 ref Hypersensitivity ... http www.medicinenet.com pulmonary fibrosis article.htm MedicineNet.com Pulmonary Fibrosis Retrieved ... pulmonary fibrosis a case report journal J Med Case Reports volume 2 issue pages 169 year 2008 pmid ... ref Radiation therapy to the chest ref name pff ref name medicinenet Pathogenesis See Fibrosis Pulmonary ... name pff In addition, decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease . It is the main ..., quadriplegia ref name pmid2780083 cite journal author Walker J, Cooney M, Norton S title Improved pulmonary function in chronic quadriplegics after pulmonary therapy and arm ergometry journal Paraplegia ... involve pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosis File Pulmon fibrosis.PNG thumb right HRCT of lung showing ... interstitial fibrosis. ref name medicinenet Misdiagnosis is common because, while overall pulmonary fibrosis is not rare, each individual type of pulmonary fibrosis is uncommon and the evaluation ... work ref Treatment and prevention Pulmonary fibrosis creates scar tissue. The scarring ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary arterial hypertension Image Plexiform lesion Pulmonary hypertension.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a plexiform lesion of the lung , as seen in irreversible pulmonary hypertension ... D006976 In medicine , pulmonary hypertension PH is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein , or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung Pulmonary circulation ..., all of which are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly ... al. title Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension journal J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. volume 43 ... hemoptysis coughing up blood . Pulmonary venous hypertension typically presents with shortness of breath while lying flat or sleeping orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea , while pulmonary arterial .... A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary hypertension, including ... insufficiency is also sought and, if present, is consistent with the presence of pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis Because pulmonary hypertension can be of five major types, a series of tests must be performed to distinguish pulmonary arterial hypertension from venous, hypoxic, thromboembolic, or miscellaneous varieties.. A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary ... heart sound, a loud P sub 2 sub or Pulmonary valve pulmonic valve closure sound part of the second heart sound , para sternal heave, possible S sub 3 sub or third heart sound , and pulmonary regurgitation ... of pulmonary hypertension and exclude other possible diagnoses. These generally include pulmonary function test s blood test s to exclude HIV , autoimmune diseases, and liver disease electrocardiography ... chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Biopsy of the lung is usually not indicated unless the pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due to an underlying interstitial lung disease. But lung ... Brain natriuretic peptide BNP level is also being used now to follow progress of patients with pulmonary ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Breathing ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1988 pages 139 isbn 0 7216 3870 8 oclc doi accessdate ref Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the lungs ... blood put out by the heart that is not completely oxygenated. In pathological conditions such as pulmonary ... in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary .... A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation as occurs in pulmonary embolism , for example ... Prentice D, Ahrens T title Pulmonary complications of trauma journal Critical Care Nursing Quarterly .... Pulmonary shunting causes the blood supply leaving a shunted area of the lung to have lower levels ... physiology medicine stub A pulmonary shunt is a right to left shunt. The shunt which means V ... going to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure oxygen at 100 for five ten ... in the lung is because of a pulmonary shunt. This is because although the PO2 of alveolar ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary sequestration Image Pulmonary sequestration 001.jpg Caption DiseasesDB ... 2628 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 585 MeshID D001998 A pulmonary sequestration also known as a bronchopulmonary ... that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply ... of all congenital pulmonary malformations , making it an extremely rare disorder. Sequestration s are classified ... is located outside the normal lung and has its own visceral pleura The blood supply of 75 of pulmonary ... , pulmonary , pericardiophrenic, Brachiocephalic artery innominate , internal mammary , celiac ... via pulmonary veins establishing a left to right shunt medical shunt . Abnormal connections to the vena .... Patients present with signs and symptoms of pulmonary infection of a lower lobe mass. It is believed ... anomalies, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia, and colonic duplication Since it is enveloped ... within the thoracic cavity or pulmonary parenchyma. Recurrent infection can lead to the development ... venous drainage. CT CT scans have 90 accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. The most ... T1 weighted spin echo SE images may help in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by demonstrating ... to have a pulmonary sequestration removed can leads to a number of complications. These include Hemorrhage ... . The treatment for this is a segmentectomy via a thoracotomy . Pulmonary sequestrations usually get their blood supply from the thoracic aorta . intrapulmonary sequestration drains via pulmonary veins, extra pulmonary sequestration drains to the IVC Sources cite journal author Truitt AK, Carr ... Pulmonary Sequestration journal Annals of Thoracic Surgery year 1998 pages 65 1144 6 pmid 9564949 ... pages 853 862 edition 6th External links http www.emedicine.com ped topic2628.htm Emedicine on pulmonary sequestrations http fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org pulmonary sequestration UCSF Fetal Treatment Center Pulmonary Sequestration Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system Category ... more details
Pulmonary volutrauma Volutrauma is essentially damage to the lung caused by overdistention by a mechanical ventilator set for an excessively high tidal volume resulting in a syndrome similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome . ref name pmid21489320 cite journal author Albaiceta GM, Blanch L title Beyond volutrauma in ARDS the critical role of lung tissue deformation. journal Crit Care year 2011 volume 15 issue 2 pages 304 pmid 21489320 doi 10.1186 cc10052 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21489320 ref Volutrauma is separate from Pulmonary barotrauma because the mechanism of injury is excessive volume volutrauma , instead of pressure barotrauma . References references Mechanical ventilation Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Pulmonary talcosis low mag cropped.jpg Caption Pulmonary talcosis. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 34117 ICD10 ICD10 J 62 0 j 60 ICD9 ICD9 502 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Pulmonary talcosis , less specifically referred to as talcosis , is a pulmonary disorder caused by talc . It has been related to silicosis resulting from inhalation of talc and silicates. It is also tied to heroin use where talc might be used as an adulterant to increase weight and street value. ref http books.google.com books?id OHW y6G7AWAC&pg PA934&lpg PA934&dq talcosis heroin use&source bl&ots zOfJgMZR s&sig D7SQafkS7zzJuIj2PDsrwcQ4pe0&hl en&ei uVjLSvqjMYeQtgeiwOzxAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 10 v onepage&q talcosis 20heroin 20use&f false ...For example, the injection of talc diluted heroin causes talcosis... Obstetric anesthesia principles and practice. By David H. Chestnut ref It is one of several noted associations and possible risks of heroin use. ref name pmid6655726 Cite journal last1 Davis first1 LL. title Pulmonary mainline granulomatosis talcosis secondary to intravenous heroin abuse with characteristic x ray findings of asbestosis. journal J Natl Med Assoc volume 75 issue 12 pages 1225 8 month Dec year 1983 doi PMID 6655726 pmc 2561715 pmid 6655726 ref References reflist 2 Category Lung diseases due to external agents medicine stub Respiratory pathology it Talcosi sl Talkoza ... more details
areas in radiography in the lung caused by pulmonary lacerations on the left of the image black arrows ... eMedicineTopic MeshID A pulmonary laceration is a chest injury in which lung tissue is torn or cut. ref name Karmy02 cite book chapter Pulmonary contusion author Sattler S, Maier RV editor Karmy ... serious than pulmonary contusion , pulmonary laceration involves disruption of the architecture of the lung ...&pg PA120&dq pulmonary contusion accessdate 2008 04 26 page 120 ref while pulmonary contusion does not. ref name Wicky00 Pulmonary laceration is commonly caused by penetrating trauma but may .... Causes Pulmonary laceration is a common result of penetrating trauma but may also be caused ... Essentials of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location ... doi 10.1016 j.rcl.2005.10.006 ref Pulmonary laceration may result from blunt and penetrating forces that occur in the same injury and may be associated with pulmonary contusion. ref name ullman03 cite journal author Ullman EA, Donley LP, Brady WJ title Pulmonary trauma emergency department evaluation ... name MillerLA06 As with contusions, pulmonary lacerations usually occur near solid structures in the chest such as ribs. ref name Collins07 Pulmonary laceration is suspected when rib fractures are present. ref name Hopkins08 Classification In 1988, a group led by R.B. Wagner divided pulmonary lacerations ... ?id Bif0zpmEWtAC&pg PT361&vq pulmonary laceration&dq pulmonary laceration ref In type ... EJ, Steinberg KP title Type 2 pulmonary laceration A marker of blunt high energy injury to the lung ... injury that may accompany pulmonary laceration A pulmonary laceration can cause air to leak out ... pulmonary contusion accessdate 2008 04 26 pages 532 ref and into the pleural cavity pleural space , if the laceration goes through to it. ref name mlr07 Pulmonary laceration invariably results in pneumothorax ... url http books.google.com ?id bzm12Y1RhBAC&pg PA64&dq pulmonary laceration ref Unlike hemothoraces ... more details
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