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Encyclopedia results for Pulmonary surfactant

Pulmonary surfactant





Encyclopedia results for Pulmonary surfactant

  1. Pulmonary surfactant

    Pulmonary surfactant is a surface active lipoprotein complex phospholipoprotein formed by type II Pulmonary alveolus alveolar cells . The proteins and lipids that comprise the surfactant have both a hydrophilic ... of the expiration, compressed surfactant phospholipid molecules decrease the surface tension to very low, near zero levels. Pulmonary surfactant thus greatly reduces surface tension , increasing ... surfactant molecule in the pulmonary surfactant mixture. It also has higher compaction capacity ... substances of the pulmonary surfactant mixture, the DPPC s adsorption kinetics is very slow. This happens ... title Pulmonary surfactant Surface properties and function of alveolar and airway surfactant journal ... tension can be greatly reduced by pulmonary surfactant, this effect will depend on the surfactant ... text align left Pulmonary surfactant in equilibrium at 36 C 25 style text align left Healthy lung ... of the pulmonary surfactant in increasing the compliance of the lungs by reducing surface tension ... Mini review on Pulmonary Surfactant Minireview covering composition, function and pathologies of Pulmonary Surfactant Respiratory physiology Membrane proteins DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Surfactant ... Pulmonary function testing de Surfactant fr Surfactant pulmonaire it Surfattante polmonare pt Surfactante ... facing towards the air, the main lipid component of surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC , reduces surface tension . Function To increase pulmonary compliance . To prevent atelectasis collapse ... of inflation. However, surfactant decreases the alveolar surface tension , as seen in cases ... wall. Alveolar size regulation As the alveoli increase in size, the surfactant becomes more ... spaces. Surfactant keeps the airways dry by reducing these forces. ref cite book author West ... 40 other phospholipid s PC 5 surfactant associated proteins SP A, B, C and D Cholesterol neutral lipids ... form 85 of the lipid in surfactant and have saturated acyl chains. Phosphatidylglycerol PG forms ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1

    author Katyal SL, Singh G, Locker J title Characterization of a second human pulmonary surfactant ... K, Scheirle G, Sch fer KP title Structural comparison of recombinant pulmonary surfactant protein ... dalton pulmonary surfactant associated protein A is located on chromosome 10 and identifies ... J, et al. title Isolation and characterization of the human pulmonary surfactant apoprotein gene ... clones for the 35 kDa pulmonary surfactant associated protein. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 261 issue ... pulmonary surfactant protein D gene SFTP4 to 10q22 q23 close to the surfactant protein A gene ... RR title Genetics of the hydrophilic surfactant proteins A and D. journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume ... author Khubchandani KR, Snyder JM title Surfactant protein A SP A the alveolus and beyond. journal ... of lung surfactant protein SP A for both the carbohydrate and the lipid moieties of certain neutral ... journal author Endo H, Oka T title An immunohistochemical study of bronchial cells producing surfactant ... surfactant protein SP A. journal Am. J. Physiol. volume 257 issue 6 Pt 1 pages L421 9 year 1990 ... 8354874 doi cite journal author Strayer DS, Yang S, Jerng HH title Surfactant protein A binding proteins ... R, Whitsett JA, et al. title Purification of a cell surface receptor for surfactant protein ... regulation of surfactant proteins SP A and SP B by phorbol ester. journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B

    PBB geneid 6439 Pulmonary surfactant associated protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPB ..., Glasser SW, Whitsett JA title Structure and organization of the gene encoding human pulmonary surfactant ... pulmonary surfactant protein genes in the mouse journal Genomics volume 12 issue 2 pages 388 93 ... title Entrez Gene SFTPB surfactant, pulmonary associated protein B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 6439 accessdate ref Pulmonary surfactant associated protein B is a membrane protein which manufactures surfactant . Clinical significance Humans and animals ... with Surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 1. See also Pulmonary surfactant Proteins References ... Voorhout WF title Intracellular processing of pulmonary surfactant protein B in an endosomal lysosomal ... Effect of pulmonary surfactant protein B SP B and calcium on phospholipid adsorption and squeeze out ... author Weaver TE, Whitsett JA title Processing of hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant protein B ... clone encoding a high molecular weight precursor to a 6 kDa pulmonary surfactant associated ... J cite journal author Vamvakopoulos NC, Modi WS, Floros J title Mapping the human pulmonary surfactant ... Pulmonary Surfactant Associated Protein B Membrane proteins The PBB Controls template provides ... J title Lipid protein interactions of hydrophobic proteins SP B and SP C in lung surfactant assembly ... J, J rnvall H, Curstedt T title Human surfactant polypeptide SP B. Disulfide bridges, C terminal ... doi cite journal author Glasser SW title cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of human pulmonary surfactant associated proteolipid SPL Phe journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 84 issue 12 ... last6 Whitsett first6 JA cite journal author Revak SD title Use of human surfactant low molecular weight apoproteins in the reconstitution of surfactant biologic activity journal J. Clin. Invest. volume ... A mutation in the surfactant protein B gene responsible for fatal neonatal respiratory disease ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C

    PBB geneid 6440 Pulmonary surfactant associated protein C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPC ... title The pulmonary surfactant protein C SP C precursor is a type II transmembrane protein journal Biochem ... Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text See also Pulmonary surfactant Proteins ... molecular weight pulmonary surfactant protein SP C journal Biochemistry volume 29 issue 24 pages ... SP C genes encoding human pulmonary surfactant proteolipid journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 issue 21 ... pulmonary surfactant proteolipid, SPL pVal journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 issue 1 pages 9 12 ... first6 T cite journal author Warr RG title Low molecular weight human pulmonary surfactant protein ... author Glasser SW title Altered stability of pulmonary surfactant in SP C deficient mice journal ...?book gene&part pf GeneReviews NIH NCBI UW entry on Pulmonary Fibrosis, Familial MeshName Pulmonary Surfactant ... domain containing C terminal part of pro surfactant protein C binds to an unfolded poly val ... 16709565 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.M603001200 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SFTPC surfactant, pulmonary associated protein C url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 6440 accessdate ref Pulmonary surfactant associated protein C is a membrane protein which manufactures surfactant. Clinical significance It is associated with Surfactant metabolism ... P rez Gil J title Lipid protein interactions of hydrophobic proteins SP B and SP C in lung surfactant ... and post translational processing of surfactant protein C journal Pediatric pathology & molecular medicine ... surfactant associated polypeptides SP C is a lipopeptide with two palmitoylated cysteine residues ... Whitsett first8 JA cite journal author Johansson J title Hydrophobic 3.7 kDa surfactant polypeptide ... White first9 RT cite journal author Young WA title Familial fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia a new case ... 1059 61 year 1966 pmid 5942662 doi pmc 1935417 cite journal author Wood S title Mapping of the pulmonary ...   more details



  1. Surfactant

    States National Library of Medicine , surfactant is reserved for the meaning pulmonary surfactant . For the more ... ref Pulmonary surfactant s are also naturally secreted by type II cells of the lung alveoli in mammals ... anionic surfactants in water with a bluing reaction. Niosome Emulsion Pulmonary surfactant ... Etymology The term surfactant is a blend linguistics blend of surface active agents . ref name ... en.svg thumb right A micelle the lipophilic tails of the surfactant molecules remain on the inside of the micelle ... 01 2012 ref . Therefore, a surfactant molecule contains both a water insoluble or oil soluble component and a water soluble component. Surfactant molecules will diffuse in water and Adsorption adsorb ... of surfactant molecules at the surface modifies the surface properties of water at the water air or water oil interface. Structure of surfactant phases in water In the bulk aqueous phase, surfactants ... can be due to steric or electrostatic repulsions. The surface rheology of surfactant layers, including the elasticity and viscosity of the surfactant layers plays a very important role in foam or emulsion stability. Characterization of interfaces and surfactant layers Interfacial and surface tension ... apparatus The structure of surfactant layers can be studied by ellipsometry or X Ray reflectivity ... Pipelines, liquid drag reducing agent Alkali Surfactant Polymers used to mobilize oil in oil well s Ferrofluid ... Report World Surfactant Market publisher http www.acmite.com Acmite Market Intelligence url http www.acmite.com market reports chemicals world surfactant market.html ref ref name Reznik GO, Vishwanath ... of sustainable chemistry to produce an acyl amino acid surfactant journal Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ... 8 ref Specialists expect the global surfactant market to generate revenues of more than US 41 billion ... of the industrial surfactant, Toximul, differentially reduce mouse weight gain and hepatic glycogen ... an environmental risk. At low concentrations, surfactant application is unlikely to have a significant ...   more details



  1. Surfactant protein A

    protein Name SFTPA1 surfactant, pulmonary associated protein A1 caption image width HGNCid 10798 Symbol SFTPA1 AltSymbols SFTP1 EntrezGene 6435 OMIM 178630 RefSeq NM 005411 UniProt Q8IWL2 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 10 Arm q Band 22.3 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name SFTPA2B surfactant, pulmonary associated protein A2B caption image width HGNCid 10799 Symbol SFTPA2B AltSymbols EntrezGene 6436 OMIM 178642 RefSeq NM 006926 UniProt Q8IWL1 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 10 Arm q Band 22.3 LocusSupplementaryData Surfactant protein A is an innate immune system collectin . During Parturition The role of Surfactant protein A or SP A in childbirth is indicated in studies with mice. ref name texas cite journal pages 4978 83 doi 10.1073 pnas.0401124101 pmc 387359 title Surfactant protein secreted by the maturing mouse fetal lung acts as a hormone that signals the initiation of parturition year 2004 journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences volume 101 issue 14 first1 Jennifer C. last1 Condon first2 Pancharatnam last2 Jeyasuria first3 Julie M. last3 Faust first4 Carole R. last4 Mendelson jstor 3371804 pmid 15044702 ref Mice which gestate for 19 days typically show signs of SP A in amniotic fluid at around 16 days. If SP A is injected into the uterus at 15 days, mice typically deliver early. Inversely, an SP A inhibitor injection causes notable delays in birth. The presence of Surfactant Protein A seemed to trigger an inflammatory response in the uterus of the mice, but later studies found an anti inflammatory response in humans. ref name lee cite journal pages 6479 91 doi 10.4049 jimmunol.0903867 pmc 3103775 title Surfactant Protein A as an Anti Inflammatory Component in the Amnion Implications for Human Pregnancy year 2010 last1 Lee first1 Deug Chan last2 Romero first2 Roberto ... uterus typically decreases during labor. See also pulmonary surfactant SFTPA1 SFTPA2B External links MeshName Surfactant Protein A References reflist Category Collectins biochem stub ja ...   more details



  1. Surfactant metabolism dysfunction

    Surfactant metabolism dysfunction is a condition where pulmonary surfactant is insufficient for adequate respiration. Types include class wikitable Type OMIM Gene Locus SMDP1 OMIM2 265120 SFTPB 2p12 SMDP2 OMIM2 610913 SPTPC 8p21 SMDP3 OMIM2 610921 ABCA3 16p13 SMDP4 OMIM2 300770 CSF2RA Xp ABC transporter disorders Cell surface receptor deficiencies Cell membrane protein disorders Category Lung disorders disease stub ...   more details



  1. Surfactant protein C

    Pfam box Symbol Pulm surfact AP Name Surfactant associated polypeptide image width caption Pfam InterPro IPR001729 SMART SF P PROSITE PDOC00298 SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1spf 1 35 Pfam box Symbol SP C Propep Name Surfactant protein C, N terminal propeptide image 1spf opm.gif width 200 caption Pulmonary surfactant associated polypeptide SP C Protein Pfam PF08999 InterPro IPR015091 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein 1spf PDB PDB3 1spf 1 35 protein Name Pulmonary surfactant associated protein C surfactant, pulmonary associated protein C caption image width HGNCid 10802 Symbol Pulmonary surfactant associated protein C SFTPC AltSymbols SFTP2 EntrezGene 6440 OMIM 178620 RefSeq NM 003018 UniProt P11686 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 8 Arm p Band 21 LocusSupplementaryData The N terminal propeptide of surfactant protein C adopts an alpha helical structure, with turn and extended regions. Its main function is the stabilisation of metastable surfactant protein C SP C , since the latter can irreversibly transform from its native alpha helical structure to beta sheet aggregates and form amyloid like fibrils. The correct intracellular trafficking of proSP C has also been reported to depend on the propeptide. ref name pmid16478467 cite journal author Li J, Liepinsh E, Alml n A, Thyberg J, Curstedt T, J rnvall H, Johansson J title Structure and influence on stability and activity of the N terminal propeptide part of lung surfactant protein C journal Febs J. volume 273 issue 5 pages 926 35 year 2006 month March pmid 16478467 doi 10.1111 j.1742 4658.2006.05124.x url ref See also pulmonary surfactant References reflist External links MeshName Pulmonary Surfactant Associated Protein C cite web url http www.physics.uwaterloo.ca research zleonenko data amyloidosis 20review.pdf title Surfactant Protein C SP C Mini Review author Hane F authorlink coauthors date format work publisher www.physics.uwaterloo.ca pages language archiveurl archivedate quote Covers structure, function ...   more details



  1. Surfactant protein B

    Infobox protein Name surfactant, pulmonary associated protein B caption image width HGNCid 10801 Symbol SFTPB AltSymbols SFTP3 EntrezGene 6439 OMIM 178640 RefSeq NM 000542 UniProt P07988 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 2 Arm p Band 12 LocusSupplementaryData p11.2 Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid associated protein found in lung surfactant. Although like membrane protein s, it is hydrophobic, it is not found in cell membranes. Surfactant protein B SP B is essential for normal lung surfactant function, which is in itself essential to life. However, the molecular basis for SP B s activity is not understood and a high resolution structure for SP B has not been determined. Mini B is a 34 residue peptide with internal disulfide linkages that is composed of the N and C terminal helical regions of SP B. It has been shown to retain similar activity to full length SP B in certain in vitro and in vivo studies. We have used solution NMR to determine the structure of Mini B in the presence of micelles composed of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS . Under these conditions, Mini B forms two alpha helices connected by an unstructured loop. Mini B possesses a strikingly amphipathic surface with a large positively charged patch on one face of the peptide and a large hydrophobic patch on the opposite face. A tryptophan side chain extends outward from the peptide in a position to interact with lipids at the polar apolar interface. Interhelix interactions are stabilized by both disulfide bond s and by interleaving of hydrophobic side chains from the two helices. See also pulmonary surfactant External links MeshName Pulmonary Surfactant Associated Protein B http www.ebi.ac.uk thornton srv databases cgi bin pdbsum GetPage.pl?pdbcode 2jou PDBsum entry 2jou biochem stub Category Respiratory physiology Category Integral membrane proteins Category Surfactants ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary hemorrhage

    Infobox disease Name Pulmonary hemorrhage Image Pulmonary haemorrhage low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a pulmonary haemorrhage. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 P26, R04.8 ICD9 ICD9 770.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1002002 MeshID Pulmonary hemorrhage or pulmonary haemorrhage is an Acute medicine acute bleeding from the lung , especially in the upper respiratory tract and the endotracheal tube . When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive, associated with bleeding in other sites as well as more than one third of the lungs. ref name UCSF http www.ucsfhealth.org childrens health professionals manuals 29 PulmHemorrhage.pdf Pulmonary Hemorrhage Intensive Care Nursery House Staff Manual. UCSF Children s Hospital at UCSF Medical Center. 2004 The Regents of the University of California . Retrieved 2008 10 28. ref The onset of Pulmonary Hemorrhage is characterized by oozing of bloody fluid from the Human nose nose and endotracheal tube , as well as to a lesser extent in other places, accompanied by rapid worsening of patient respiration, cyanosis and, in severe cases, Shock circulatory shock . ref name UCSF Treatment should be immediate and should ... The outcome of treatment is dependent on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10 ... is 1 in 1,000 live births. ref name UCSF Pulmonary hemorrhage has a high mortality rate, 30 to 40 ... associated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage. Other associated factors are those that predispose to perinatal ... IRDS , administration of exogenous surfactant s in some studies and Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ... of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema , as the hematocrit is lower than normal blood usually ... pulmonary microvascular pressure, resulting in pulmonary edema. ref name UCSF Contributing factors include factors that favor increased filtration of fluid from pulmonary capillaries e.g., low concentration of plasma protein s, high Pulmonary alveolus alveolar surface tension, lung damage ...   more details



  1. Surfactant protein D

    PBB geneid 6441 Surfactant, pulmonary associated protein D , also known as SFTPD or SP D , is a protein ... immune system collectin . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SFTPD surfactant, pulmonary ... quote ref See also pulmonary surfactant External links MeshName Surfactant Protein D References ... author Ogasawara Y, Kuroki Y, Akino T title Pulmonary surfactant protein D specifically binds ... Y, Shiratori M, Ogasawara Y, et al. title Characterization of pulmonary surfactant protein D its ... of pulmonary surfactant protein D SP D . journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 269 issue 25 pages 17311 ... pulmonary surfactant protein D gene SFTP4 to 10q22 q23 close to the surfactant protein A gene cluster ... Activity of pulmonary surfactant protein D SP D in vivo is dependent on oligomeric structure. journal ... L, Zhang V, Chang D, Persson A, Longmore W, Cai GZ, Crouch E title Human surfactant protein D ... and cDNA cloning of human lung surfactant protein D journal Biochem. J. volume Pt 3 issue pages ... MD, Wang N, Khurana Hershey GK, Whitsett JA, Rothenberg ME title Surfactant protein D alters allergic ... Surfactant protein D has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with DMBT1 . ref name ... Glycoprotein 340 binds surfactant protein A SP A and stimulates alveolar macrophage migration in an SP ... receptor superfamily, glycoprotein 340 gp 340 , as a lung surfactant protein D binding ... title Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of human lung surfactant protein D. series 284 ... doi cite journal author Rust K, Grosso L, Zhang V, et al. title Human surfactant protein D SP D ... cite journal author Crouch E, Persson A, Chang D title Accumulation of surfactant protein D in human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. journal Am. J. Pathol. volume 142 issue 1 pages 241 8 year 1993 ... of human surfactant protein D SP D . SP D is encoded on chromosome 10q22.2 23.1. journal J ..., Bingle L, Mariencheck W, et al. title Characterization of the human surfactant protein D promoter ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary fibrosis

    Image IPF amiodarone.JPG thumb A chest X ray demonstrating pulmonary fibrosis due to amiodarone . Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation What is Pulmonary Fibrosis? Last updated October 19, 2009 ref Symptoms Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly Shortness of breath , particularly with exertion ... ref name pff Loss of appetite and rapid weight loss ref name pff Pulmonary fibrosis is suggested .... ref name medicinenet Cause See Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary ... pff However, pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In this case, it is termed idiopathic . ref name nlm Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . This is a diagnosis ... predisposition in a subset of patients. For example, a mutation in Surfactant protein C SP C has been found to exist in some families with a history of pulmonary fibrosis. ref name pff Diseases and conditions that may cause pulmonary fibrosis as a secondary effect include Inhalation of environmental ... pulmonaryfibrosis.html MedlinePlus Pulmonary Fibrosis Date last updated 09 February 2010 ref Hypersensitivity ... http www.medicinenet.com pulmonary fibrosis article.htm MedicineNet.com Pulmonary Fibrosis Retrieved ... pulmonary fibrosis a case report journal J Med Case Reports volume 2 issue pages 169 year 2008 pmid ... ref Radiation therapy to the chest ref name pff ref name medicinenet Pathogenesis See Fibrosis Pulmonary ... name pff In addition, decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease . It is the main ..., quadriplegia ref name pmid2780083 cite journal author Walker J, Cooney M, Norton S title Improved pulmonary function in chronic quadriplegics after pulmonary therapy and arm ergometry journal Paraplegia ... involve pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosis File Pulmon fibrosis.PNG thumb right HRCT of lung showing ... interstitial fibrosis. ref name medicinenet Misdiagnosis is common because, while overall pulmonary fibrosis is not rare, each individual type of pulmonary fibrosis is uncommon and the evaluation ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary compliance

    is associated with a decrease in pulmonary compliance. emphysema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD may be associated with an increase in pulmonary compliance due to the loss of alveolar and elastic tissue. Pulmonary surfactant increases compliance by decreasing the surface tension of water ...Pulmonary compliance or lung compliance can refer to either dynamic or static lung compliance. Static lung compliance is the change in volume for any given applied pressure. ref MeshName Lung compliance ref Dynamic lung compliance is the compliance of the lung at any given time during actual movement of air. The compliance of the lungs demonstrate Hysteresis Respiratory physiology hysteresis , that is the compliance is different on inspiration and expiration for identical volumes. Compliance is greatest at moderate lung volumes , and much lower at volumes which are very low or very high. Calculation Pulmonary compliance is calculated using the following equation, where V is the change in volume, and P is the change in pleural pressure math Compliance frac Delta V Delta P math For example if a patient inhales 500 mL of air from a spirometer with an intrapleural pressure before inspiration of 5 cm H sub 2 sub O and 10 cm H sub 2 sub O at the end of inspiration. Then br math Compliance frac Delta V Delta P frac .5 L 5 cmH 2O 10 cmH 2O frac .5 L 5 cmH 2O 0.1 L times cmH 2O 1 math Static Compliance C sub stat sub Static compliance represents pulmonary compliance during periods without gas flow, such as during an inspiratory pause. It can be calculated with the formula math C stat frac V T P plat PEEP math where P sub plat sub plateau pressure. P sub plat sub is measured at the end of inhalation and prior to exhalation using an inspiratory hold maneuver. During this maneuver, airflow ... Compliance C sub dyn sub Dynamic compliance represents pulmonary complaince during periods of gas flow ... has a high surface tension, and provides a force that could collapse the alveolus. The presence of surfactant ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary contusion

    Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary contusion Image Pulmonary contusion CT arrow.jpg Caption A CT scan showing a pulmonary contusion red arrow accompanied by a rib fracture blue arrow DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... MeshID Definition A pulmonary contusion or lung contusion is a contusion bruise of the lung , caused ... oxygen levels hypoxia medical hypoxia . Unlike pulmonary laceration , another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. Causes, history A pulmonary ... I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence ... overload can worsen pulmonary edema , which may be lethal. Prognosis, Epidemiology The severity ... pulmonary contusion is the most common type of potentially lethal chest trauma. It occurs in 30 75 of severe chest injuries. With an estimated mortality rate of 14 40 , pulmonary contusion plays a key .... Pulmonary contusion is usually accompanied by other injuries. Although associated injuries are often the cause of death, pulmonary contusion is thought to cause death directly in a quarter to half ... instead to the lung. Pulmonary contusion is associated with complications including pneumonia ... Image Alveolus diagram.svg thumb right The alveoli Pulmonary contusion and laceration are injuries to the lung tissue. Pulmonary laceration , in which lung tissue is torn or cut, differs from pulmonary contusion in that the former involves disruption of the macroscopic architecture of the lung ... name Wicky00 When lacerations fill with blood, the result is pulmonary hematoma , a collection ... 103 isbn 0 397 51732 7 ref Contusion involves hemorrhage in the pulmonary alveolus alveoli tiny air ... may have no symptoms at all. ref name Costantino06 However, pulmonary contusion is frequently associated .... ref name Fabian07 In general, pulmonary contusion tends to worsen slowly over a few days, ref name ... Crushed Saturn.jpg thumb right Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of pulmonary contusion ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary plexus

    Infobox Nerve Name Pulmonary plexus Latin plexus pulmonalis GraySubject 205 GrayPage 913 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648348 The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk . It supplies the Bronchial tree and the visceral pleura. External links eMedicineDictionary Pulmonary plexus Gray s autonomic Category Nerves of the head and neck neuroanatomy stub ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary artery

    Infobox Artery Name Pulmonary artery Latin truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis GraySubject 141 GrayPage 543 Imagemap Heart diagram 250px Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Pulmonary artery labeled at upper right. Image2 Alveoli diagram.png Caption2 ... BranchTo Vein pulmonary vein Precursor truncus arteriosus embryology truncus arteriosus Supplies MeshName Pulmonary Artery MeshNumber A07.231.114.715 DorlandsPre t 20 DorlandsSuf 12826098 The pulmonary ... heart , the pulmonary trunk pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ... cm 1.2  inches in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries left and right , which deliver de oxygenated blood to the corresponding lung . In contrast to the pulmonary arteries , the bronchial arteries supply mainly nutrition to the lungs themselves. Role in disease Pulmonary hypertension ... it also occurs as a consequence of pulmonary embolism and scleroderma . It is characterised by reduced ... File Thoracic cavity of foetus great vessels 2.JPG Fetal pulmonary artery Image Bronchial anatomy.jpg ... Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and vertebrate trachea trachea , and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta , while the left pulmonary ... Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image Alveolus ... of pulmonary artery. gallery gallery Image Gray556.png Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart ... mediastinum. Seen from behind.Crystal. Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary artery gallery See also Chronic obstructive lung disease Pulmonary hypertension Thromboembolic disease Pulmonary circulation Rasmussen s aneurysm External links GPnotebook 53805116 eMedicineDictionary pulmonary trunk ... cardiovascular system Arteries of chest DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Artery Category Arteries of the thorax ... simple Pulmonary artery sk P cna tepna sr sh Plu no arterijsko stablo ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary valve

    Infobox Anatomy Name Pulmonary valve Latin valva trunci pulmonalis GraySubject 138 GrayPage 532 Image Diagram of the human heart cropped .svg Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart . White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Image2 Gray494.png Caption2 Heart seen from above. Width 300 System MeshName Pulmonary Valve MeshNumber A07.541.510.738 The pulmonary valve sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve is the heart valves semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. Similar to the aortic valve , the pulmonary valve opens in cardiac cycle ventricular systole , when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonary valve. The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound S2 . The right heart is a low pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation . Additional images gallery Image Gray493.png Interior of right side of heart. Image Gray1216.svg Front of thorax , showing surface relations of bone s, lungs purple , pleura blue , and heart red outline . Heart valves are labeled with Bicuspid valve B , Tricuspid valve T , Aortic valve A , and P . Image Pulmonary artery.jpg Pulmonary valves gallery See also Heart valve External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 20 07 00 http www.youtube.com watch?v i9jrNh2wFzE Adult Congenital Surgery Pulmonary Valve Replacement Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ca V lvula pulmonar de Pulmonalklappe ja nn Pulmonalklaff ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary thrombectomy

    In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thrombectomy , is an emergency procedure that removes blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical surgical thrombectomy or percutaneous percutaneous thrombectomy . ref Casazza F, Roncon L, Greco F. Pulmonary embolism treatment of the acute episode. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct 6 10 818 23. PMID 16270473. ref Surgical thrombectomies were once popular but were abandoned because of poor long term outcomes. Recently, in selected patients, they have gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique. ref Augustinos P, Ouriel K. Invasive approaches to treatment of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31 110 9 Suppl 1 I27 34. DOI 10.1161 01.CIR.0000140900.64198.f4 PMID 15339878. http circ.ahajournals.org cgi content full 110 9 suppl 1 I 27 Free Full Text . ref Relation to PTE Pulmonary thrombectomies and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy pulmonary thromboendarterectomies PTEs are both operations that remove thrombus. Aside from this similarity they differ in many ways. PTEs are done non emergently whilst pulmonary thrombectomies are typically done as an emergency procedure. PTEs typically are done using hypothermia and full cardiac arrest. PTEs are done for chronic pulmonary embolism, thrombectomies for severe acute pulmonary embolism. PTEs are generally considered a very effective treatment, surgical thrombectomies are an area of some controversy and their effectiveness a matter of some debate in the medical community. See also Pulmonary embolism Heart lung machine References references Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery Surgery stub ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary angiography

    Pulmonary angiography or pulmonary arteriography is a cardiology cardiological medicine medical procedure. Pulmonary blood vessel s are X ray Medical uses x rayed to detect arteriovenous malformation s. Direct angiography is the injection of radiocontrast into the circulation with subsequent fluoroscopy direct X ray visualisation of the lungs. A more common form of direct angiography, is the catheterisation of the right atrium of the heart and injection of radiocontrast into the right heart. A popular form of pulmonary angiography is computed tomography pulmonary angiography CTPA . This involves venous contrast only. Invasive pulmonary angiography was first performed in 1931 by Egas Moniz and colleagues. ref cite journal author Moniz E, Carvalho L, Lima A title Angiopneumographie journal Presse Med year 1931 volume 39 pages 996 99 ref Robb and Steinberg described pulmonary angiography by infusion of peripheral radiocontrast. ref cite journal author Robb GP, Steinberg I title A practical method of visualization of the chambers of the heart, the pulmonary circulation, and the great blood vessels in man journal J Clin Invest year 1938 volume 17 pages 507 pmc 434806 doi 10.1172 JCI100977 ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id Mgl9G8oU1IkC&pg PA566 ref References reflist 2 External links http www.human body.org anatomical glossary 28 angiography pulmonary.html Referencing site for great detail on Pulmonary angiography Pulmonary angiography http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003813.htm Pulmonary angiography MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Category Cardiology treatment stub Medical imaging Category Projectional radiography pt Angiografia pulmonar ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

    HCPCSlevel2 In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy , PTE , is an Surgery operation that removes organized blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Indication PTE is a treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension induced by recurrent chronic pulmonary emboli . Description of the surgery A PTE has significant ... author Dahm M, Mayer E, Eberle B, et al. title Surgical aspects of pulmonary thrombendarterectomy ... url ref . The reason for the complexity of procedure comes from the anatomy. The obvious part is that a pulmonary ... to the lungs has to be diverted from the pulmonary vasculature and lung function taken care of by a machine ... completely, unlike in an acute pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism, which is done without ... treatment of chronic pulmonary embolism using thromboembolectomy under extracorporeal circulation ... WR, Fedullo PF, Jamieson SW title Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension clinical picture ... thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CTEPH lungs also get blood from the bronchial arteries are often ... the optimal plane to dissect the pulmonary artery . If the surgeon dissects too deeply into the vessel wall the pulmonary vessels may rupture. If the surgeon does not dissect deep enough the clot breaks proximally during extraction and the distal part of the pulmonary vasculture will not have its pulmonary blood flow restored. The right lung is typically done first as it is easier. Video cameras angioscopes are used to see deeper into the pulmonary vasculture. At the end an almost beautiful negative of the pulmonary arteries exists as the emboli over time fill the larger vessels that feed ... the whole pulmonary tree the only part missing being what the person was living off before the surgery ... several challenges. Most patients get significant reperfusion pulmonary edema , at places where thrombi ... because with the thrombus removal the surgeon strips out the pulmonary endothelium. The challenge ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary circulation

    Refimprove date April 2011 Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg thumb 400px Diagram of pulmonary circulation. Oxygen rich blood is shown in red oxygen depleted blood in blue. Pulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs , and returns oxygenated oxygen rich blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation . A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Course Pulmonary ... leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery, the only artery in the body that carries ... to the pulmonary vein, the only vein in the body that carries oxygen rich blood in the body, to the heart ... ventricle . Blood is then pumped through the semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery . Arteries From the right ventricle , blood is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the left and right pulmonary arteries one for each lung and travels through the lungs . Lungs The pulmonary arteries ... to all cells of the body. Veins The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins , which return it to the left heart , completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left ... circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. History According to R.A. Young, Wiberg ... bmj.1.4122.1 pmc 2176288 title The Pulmonary Circulation Before and After Harvey Part I year 1940 last1 Young first1 R. A. journal BMJ volume 1 issue 4122 pages 1 pmid 20782884 ref Pulmonary circulation ... until the dissections of William Harvey in 1616. Embryonic The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually ... between the two atria. When the lungs expand at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. Over the course ... known as the Fossa ovalis heart fossa ovalis in the adult heart. See also Pulmonary hypertension References ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary edema

    Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary edema Image PulmEdema.PNG Caption Pulmonary edema with small pleural effusions ... Pulmonary edema American English , or oedema British English both words from the Greek polytonic ... DorlandsDict three 000033856 pulmonary edema ref It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause ... blood from the pulmonary circulation cardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below, or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung noncardiogenic pulmonary edema , see below. ref name Ware Ware LB, Matthay MA. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2005 353 2788 96. DOI 10.1056 NEJMcp052699 ... avoiding further damage to the lung. Pulmonary edema, especially in the acute setting, can ... and signs The overwhelming symptom of pulmonary edema is shortness of breath difficulty breathing ... pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure. The chronic development of pulmonary edema may be associated ... File Pulmonary oedema.jpg thumb right X Ray showing Pulmonary oedema There is no one single test which confirms that breathlessness is caused by pulmonary edema, indeed in many cases the causes of shortness ... readings support the proposed diagnosis by suggesting a pulmonary shunt . Chest X ray will show fluid ... especially in cardiogenic pulmonary edema by demonstrating impaired left ventricular function, high central venous pressure central venous pressures and high pulmonary artery pressures. In certain ... 100 pg ml suggest a cardiac cause is unlikely. ref name Ware Causes Pulmonary edema is an accumulation ... may be direct injury or injury mediated by high pressures within the pulmonary circulation. When directly or indirectly caused by increased left ventricular pressure pulmonary edema may form when mean pulmonary pressure rises from the normal of 15 mmHg ref http www.nhlbi.nih.gov health dci Diseases pah pah what.html What Is Pulmonary Hypertension? From Diseases and Conditions Index DCI . National ... Sciences, 2001 ISBN 1560534206, 9781560534204 ref Broadly, the causes of pulmonary oedema can be divided ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary vein

    Bronchial anatomy Image Illu bronchi lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit Image Alveolus diagram.svg Alveolus diagram Image Gray494.png Heart seen from above. Image Gray503.png Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery. Image Gray504.png Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs. Image Gray556.png ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary tractotomy

    A pulmonary tractotomy is a surgical technique to treat a penetrating lung injury . The tract of the lung injury is opened, and open bronchi and blood vessels are ligated sewn . Treatment of penetrating lung injuries Emergency surgery for a penetrating lung injury, e.g. an accident or a gunshot, is associated with a very high mortality rate . Such lung injuries cannot be treated with simple surgery they cannot be oversewn. If treated with simple surgery, blood vessels within the tract of the lung injury may continue to bleed and result in a haematoma which should be avoided. Or the patient may suffer a pulmonary air embolism and subsequently die. Penetrating lung injuries can be treated with a formal lung resection, or with pulmonary tractotomy. Comparison of treatments Pulmonary tractotomy is a lung sparing technique. It can prevent the need for formal lung resection. Its advantages over segmental lung resection include that it can be performed quicker it offers a rapid way to control bleeding haemorrhage and air leaks in patients with penetrating lung injuries. Also, pulmonary tractotomy can preserve healthy pulmonary tissue parenchyma this naturally is not possible with lung resection. ref Pulmonary tractotomy with selective vascular ligation for penetrating injuries to the lung. Wall MJ Jr, Hirshberg A, Mattox KL. Am J Surg. 1994 Dec 168 6 665 9. ref ref Stapled pulmonary tractotomy a rapid way to control hemorrhage in penetrating pulmonary injuries. Asensio JA, Demetriades ... TV. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Nov 185 5 486 7. ref ref Pulmonary tractotomy as an abbreviated thoracotomy ... C, Moore EE, Biffl WL, Franciose RJ, Offner PJ, Burch JM. J Trauma. 2002 Sep 53 3 483 7. ref ref Pulmonary ... is the same with pulmonary tractotomy and lung resection both are viable surgical treatment options ..., rather than the type of treatment. ref Pulmonary tractotomy versus lung resection viable options ... Category Pulmonary thoracic surgery ...   more details



  1. Pulmonary toxicity

    Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary ... of radiation radiotherapy . Other non medical causes of pulmonary toxicity can be chemical compounds and particulate matter. Presentation signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity Side effects on the lungs ... distress syndrome , solitary pulmonary mass even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases ... prohibited by law in most countries , or pulmonary nodule. The diagnosis should be made by a specialist, if possible. Correctly diagnosing pulmonary toxicity Lung symptoms in a patient who is taking a medicinal drug that can cause pulmonary toxicity should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxicity due to the medicinal drug , because some patients can have another i.e., simultaneous ... exercises. Case 12 2003. An 82 year old man with dyspnea and pulmonary abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17 348 16 1574 85. ref Pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs Within all classes of medicinal drugs that possibly can lead to pulmonary toxicity as a side effect, most pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer. ref Meadors M, Floyd J, Perry MC. Pulmonary toxicity ... MC. Radiation induced and chemotherapy induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jul 13 4 242 8. Review. ref Many medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity. A few medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently in medicine defined by international regulatory authorities such as the U.S. ... lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently or very frequently. These include above all amiodarone , as well as beta blockers , ACE inhibitors however, pulmonary toxicity of ACE inhibitors usually lasts only ... . Both oncologists and cardiologists are well aware of possible pulmonary toxicity. Treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs The treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs ... valid for all cases pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs. ref Camus P, Martin WJ 2nd ...   more details




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