Image IPF amiodarone.JPG thumb A chest X ray demonstrating pulmonary fibrosis due to amiodarone . Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation What is Pulmonary Fibrosis? Last updated October 19, 2009 ref Symptoms Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly Shortness of breath , particularly with exertion ... ref name pff Loss of appetite and rapid weight loss ref name pff Pulmonary fibrosis is suggested .... ref name medicinenet Cause See Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary ... pff However, pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In this case, it is termed idiopathic . ref name nlm Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . This is a diagnosis ... C has been found to exist in some families with a history of pulmonary fibrosis. ref name pff Diseases and conditions that may cause pulmonary fibrosis as a secondary effect include Inhalation of environmental ... pulmonaryfibrosis.html MedlinePlus Pulmonary Fibrosis Date last updated 09 February 2010 ref Hypersensitivity ... http www.medicinenet.com pulmonary fibrosis article.htm MedicineNet.com Pulmonary Fibrosis Retrieved ... pulmonary fibrosis a case report journal J Med Case Reports volume 2 issue pages 169 year 2008 pmid ... ref Radiation therapy to the chest ref name pff ref name medicinenet Pathogenesis See Fibrosis Pulmonary ... name pff In addition, decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease . It is the main ..., quadriplegia ref name pmid2780083 cite journal author Walker J, Cooney M, Norton S title Improved pulmonary function in chronic quadriplegics after pulmonary therapy and arm ergometry journal Paraplegia ... involve pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosis File Pulmon fibrosis.PNG thumb right HRCT of lung showing ... interstitial fibrosis. ref name medicinenet Misdiagnosis is common because, while overall pulmonary fibrosis is not rare, each individual type of pulmonary fibrosis is uncommon and the evaluation ... work ref Treatment and prevention Pulmonary fibrosis creates scar tissue. The scarring ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Breathing ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1988 pages 139 isbn 0 7216 3870 8 oclc doi accessdate ref Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the lungs ... blood put out by the heart that is not completely oxygenated. In pathological conditions such as pulmonary ... in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary .... A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation as occurs in pulmonary embolism , for example ... Prentice D, Ahrens T title Pulmonary complications of trauma journal Critical Care Nursing Quarterly .... Pulmonary shunting causes the blood supply leaving a shunted area of the lung to have lower levels ... physiology medicine stub A pulmonary shunt is a right to left shunt. The shunt which means V ... going to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure oxygen at 100 for five ten ... in the lung is because of a pulmonary shunt. This is because although the PO2 of alveolar ... more details
are labeled with Bicuspid valve B , Tricuspid valve T , Aortic valve A , and Pulmonaryvalve P . Image ...Infobox Anatomy Name Mitral valve Latin valva atrioventricularis sinistra, valva mitralis GraySubject ... heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Mitral valve labeled at center right. Image2 Gray495.png Caption2 Base of ventricles exposed by removal of the atria. Bicuspid mitral valve visible at bottom left. System Precursor MeshName Mitral Valve MeshNumber A07.541.510.507 DorlandsPre v 02 DorlandsSuf 12843904 The mitral valve also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve ... a mitre heart valvevalve in the heart that lies between the left atrium LA and the left ventricle LV . The mitral valve not to be confused with the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and the tricuspid valve are known collectively as the atrioventricular valves because they lie between the atria and the ventricles ... mitral valve opens as a result of increased pressure from the left atrium as it fills with blood Preload ... valve opens. Opening facilitates the passive flow of blood into the left ventricle. Diastole ends ... valve closes at the end of atrial contraction to prevent a reversal of blood flow. Anatomy File Preop view Mitral valve Dr S ez de Ibarra .jpg thumb Operative view of The Mitral valve with a chordal rupture fail of the anterior leaflet The mitral valve is typically 4 6 cm in area. It has two ... is surrounded by a fibrous ring known as the mitral annulus mitral valve annulus . The orientation of the two leaflets resemble a bishop s mitre , whence the valve receives its name. ref Stedman s 1539731 ref The anterior cusp protects approximately two thirds of the valve imagine a crescent ... surface area. These valve leaflets are prevented from mitral valve prolapse prolapsing into the left atrium by the action of tendons attached to the posterior surface of the valve, chordae tendineae ... to the valve cusps. Papillary muscles are fingerlike projections from the wall of the left ventricle ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary sequestration Image Pulmonary sequestration 001.jpg Caption DiseasesDB ... 2628 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 585 MeshID D001998 A pulmonary sequestration also known as a bronchopulmonary ... that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply ... of all congenital pulmonary malformations , making it an extremely rare disorder. Sequestration s are classified ... is located outside the normal lung and has its own visceral pleura The blood supply of 75 of pulmonary ... , pulmonary , pericardiophrenic, Brachiocephalic artery innominate , internal mammary , celiac ... via pulmonary veins establishing a left to right shunt medical shunt . Abnormal connections to the vena .... Patients present with signs and symptoms of pulmonary infection of a lower lobe mass. It is believed ... anomalies, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia, and colonic duplication Since it is enveloped ... within the thoracic cavity or pulmonary parenchyma. Recurrent infection can lead to the development ... venous drainage. CT CT scans have 90 accuracy in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. The most ... T1 weighted spin echo SE images may help in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by demonstrating ... to have a pulmonary sequestration removed can leads to a number of complications. These include Hemorrhage ... . The treatment for this is a segmentectomy via a thoracotomy . Pulmonary sequestrations usually get their blood supply from the thoracic aorta . intrapulmonary sequestration drains via pulmonary veins, extra pulmonary sequestration drains to the IVC Sources cite journal author Truitt AK, Carr ... Pulmonary Sequestration journal Annals of Thoracic Surgery year 1998 pages 65 1144 6 pmid 9564949 ... pages 853 862 edition 6th External links http www.emedicine.com ped topic2628.htm Emedicine on pulmonary sequestrations http fetus.ucsfmedicalcenter.org pulmonary sequestration UCSF Fetal Treatment Center Pulmonary Sequestration Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system Category ... more details
Pulmonary volutrauma Volutrauma is essentially damage to the lung caused by overdistention by a mechanical ventilator set for an excessively high tidal volume resulting in a syndrome similar to adult respiratory distress syndrome . ref name pmid21489320 cite journal author Albaiceta GM, Blanch L title Beyond volutrauma in ARDS the critical role of lung tissue deformation. journal Crit Care year 2011 volume 15 issue 2 pages 304 pmid 21489320 doi 10.1186 cc10052 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21489320 ref Volutrauma is separate from Pulmonary barotrauma because the mechanism of injury is excessive volume volutrauma , instead of pressure barotrauma . References references Mechanical ventilation Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Pulmonary talcosis low mag cropped.jpg Caption Pulmonary talcosis. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 34117 ICD10 ICD10 J 62 0 j 60 ICD9 ICD9 502 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Pulmonary talcosis , less specifically referred to as talcosis , is a pulmonary disorder caused by talc . It has been related to silicosis resulting from inhalation of talc and silicates. It is also tied to heroin use where talc might be used as an adulterant to increase weight and street value. ref http books.google.com books?id OHW y6G7AWAC&pg PA934&lpg PA934&dq talcosis heroin use&source bl&ots zOfJgMZR s&sig D7SQafkS7zzJuIj2PDsrwcQ4pe0&hl en&ei uVjLSvqjMYeQtgeiwOzxAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 10 v onepage&q talcosis 20heroin 20use&f false ...For example, the injection of talc diluted heroin causes talcosis... Obstetric anesthesia principles and practice. By David H. Chestnut ref It is one of several noted associations and possible risks of heroin use. ref name pmid6655726 Cite journal last1 Davis first1 LL. title Pulmonary mainline granulomatosis talcosis secondary to intravenous heroin abuse with characteristic x ray findings of asbestosis. journal J Natl Med Assoc volume 75 issue 12 pages 1225 8 month Dec year 1983 doi PMID 6655726 pmc 2561715 pmid 6655726 ref References reflist 2 Category Lung diseases due to external agents medicine stub Respiratory pathology it Talcosi sl Talkoza ... more details
inline date January 2009 Chemical warfare vert A pulmonary agent or choking agent is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim s ability to Respiratory system breathe . They operate by causing a build up of fluids in the lungs which then leads to Asphyxia suffocation . Exposure to the eyes and skin tend to be corrosive, causing blurred vision and severe deep burns. Inhalation of these agents cause burning of the throat, coughing, vomiting, headache, pain in chest, tightness in chest, and respiratory and circulatory failure. Examples of pulmonary agents include chlorine Chlorine gas Chloropicrin PS Diphosgene DP Phosgene CG Disulfur decafluoride Perfluoroisobutene Acrolein Diphenylcyanoarsine Phosgene is the most dangerous commonly used pulmonary agent although disulfur decafluoride and perfluoroisobutene are both even more dangerous, with respectively 4 and 10 times the lethality of phosgene, neither is widely used . It is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions. It has a vapor density 3.4 times greater than that of air allowing it to remain low in the air for long periods of times. Phosgene leads to massive pulmonary edema, which reaches maximum symptoms in 12 hours after exposure followed by death within 24 48 hours. Chlorine is an element used in industry. It is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. It is used to make pesticides, rubber, and solvents. It is also used in drinking water and swimming pools to kill bacteria. The extent of poisoning caused by chlorine depends on the amount of chlorine a person is exposed to. History The first modern history use of a pulmonary agent was by the British in the Crimean War Citation needed date February 2012 and the Union in the Civil War, Citation needed date February 2012 using shells ... of Chemical Casualties Handbook Pulmonary Agents . Retrieved Nov. 7, 2004. Roland E. Langford, Introduction ... Pulmonary agents Weapon stub de Lungenkampfstoff ja ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary contusion Image Pulmonary contusion CT arrow.jpg Caption A CT scan showing a pulmonary contusion red arrow accompanied by a rib fracture blue arrow DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... MeshID Definition A pulmonary contusion or lung contusion is a contusion bruise of the lung , caused ... oxygen levels hypoxia medical hypoxia . Unlike pulmonary laceration , another type of lung injury, pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. Causes, history A pulmonary ... I and II, pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition. In the 1960s its occurrence ... overload can worsen pulmonary edema , which may be lethal. Prognosis, Epidemiology The severity ... pulmonary contusion is the most common type of potentially lethal chest trauma. It occurs in 30 75 of severe chest injuries. With an estimated mortality rate of 14 40 , pulmonary contusion plays a key .... Pulmonary contusion is usually accompanied by other injuries. Although associated injuries are often the cause of death, pulmonary contusion is thought to cause death directly in a quarter to half ... instead to the lung. Pulmonary contusion is associated with complications including pneumonia ... Image Alveolus diagram.svg thumb right The alveoli Pulmonary contusion and laceration are injuries to the lung tissue. Pulmonary laceration , in which lung tissue is torn or cut, differs from pulmonary contusion in that the former involves disruption of the macroscopic architecture of the lung ... name Wicky00 When lacerations fill with blood, the result is pulmonary hematoma , a collection ... 103 isbn 0 397 51732 7 ref Contusion involves hemorrhage in the pulmonary alveolus alveoli tiny air ... may have no symptoms at all. ref name Costantino06 However, pulmonary contusion is frequently associated .... ref name Fabian07 In general, pulmonary contusion tends to worsen slowly over a few days, ref name ... Crushed Saturn.jpg thumb right Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of pulmonary contusion ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary embolism Image SaddlePE.PNG Caption Chest spiral CT scan with radiocontrast agent showing multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation and in the pulmonary artery pulmonary ... Pulmonary embolism PE is a blockage of the pulmonary artery main artery of the lung or one of its ... 139140 1 pages 1561 65 chapter Pulmonary thromboembolism ref Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include ... and imaging studies, usually CT pulmonary angiography . Treatment is typically with anticoagulant medication ... plasminogen activator tPA or may require surgical intervention via pulmonary thrombectomy . ref ... pulmonary component of the second heart sound , and raised jugular venous pressure . ref name Goldhaber A low grade fever may be present, particularly if there is associated pulmonary hemorrhage or infarction. ref cite journal author Stein PD, Sostman HD, Hull RD, et al. title Diagnosis of Pulmonary ... hump in a person with a right lower lobe pulmonary embolism The diagnosis of PE is based primarily ... J title Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism increasing the models ... I, Dreyer JF, Barnes D, Forgie M, Kovacs G, Ward J, Kovacs MJ title Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ... in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. ANTELOPE Study Group journal Thromb. Haemost. volume ... Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability ... pulmonary embolism journal Ann. Intern. Med. volume 144 issue 3 pages 157 64 year 2006 pmid 16461959 ... policy on evaluation and management of pulmonary embolism journal American Family Physician volume ... A prospective reassessment of the utility of the Wells score in identifying pulmonary embolism journal ... A, Goodman LR, Fowler SE, Buckley JD title Diagnostic pathways in acute pulmonary embolism recommendations ... more details
Pulmonary pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplasia neoplastic and non neoplastic disease s of the lung s and thorax thoracic pleura . Diagnostic specimens are often obtained via bronchoscope bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy , Computed tomography CT guided percutaneous biopsy, or thoracic surgery video assisted thoracic surgery VATS . The diagnosis of inflammation inflammatory or fibrosis fibrotic diseases of the lungs is considered by many pathologist s to be particularly challenging. Pathology stub Category Anatomical pathology ... more details
The pulmonary lobes may refer to 2 Left lung Lobes lobes of the left lung 3 Right lung Lobes lobes of the right lung disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue biology tissue of the lung . It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood. ref name White99 A lung laceration filled with air is called a pneumatocele . ref name White99 In some cases, both pneumatoceles and hematomas exist in the same injured lung. ref name Gavelli02 cite journal author Gavelli G, Canini R, Bertaccini P, Battista G, Bn C, Fattori R title Traumatic injuries imaging of thoracic injuries journal European Radiology volume 12 issue 6 pages 1273 1294 year 2002 month June pmid 12042932 doi 10.1007 s00330 002 1439 6 url ref Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles and commonly leave the lungs scarred. ref name White99 cite book author White C, Stern EJ title Chest Radiology Companion publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstown, MD year 1999 pages 80, 176 isbn 0 397 51732 7 oclc doi accessdate 2008 04 30 url http books.google.com ?id keNyAl8AArUC&pg PA176&dq pulmonary laceration ref A pulmonary contusion is another cause of bleeding within the lung tissue, but these result from microhemorrhages, multiple small bleeds, and the bleeding is not a discrete mass but rather occurs within the lung tissue. An indication of more severe damage to the lung than pulmonary contusion, a hematoma also takes longer to clear. ref name Moore03 cite book chapter Trauma to the chest wall and lung author Livingston DH, Hauser CJ title Trauma. Fifth Edition editor Moore EE, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL year 2003 publisher McGraw Hill Professional isbn 0071370692 accessdate 2008 06 30 pages 525 528 ref Unlike contusions, hematomas do not usually interfere with gas exchange in the lung, but they do increase the risk of infection and abscess formation. ref name mlr07 cite journal author Miller DL, Mansour KA title Blunt traumatic lung injuries journal Thoracic Surgery Clinics volume 17 issue 1 pages 57 61 year 2007 pmid 17650697 doi 10.1016 j.thorsurg.2007.03.017 ref References ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary hypoplasia Image Caption DiseasesDB 32488 ICD10 ICD10 Q 33 6 q 30 ICD9 ... radio 790 MeshID Pulmonary hypoplasia is incomplete development of the lung s, resulting in an abnormally low number or size of bronchopulmonary segment s or Pulmonary alveolus alveoli . A congenital ... with normal development of the lungs. Primary idiopathic pulmonary hypoplasia is rare and usually not associated with other maternal or fetal abnormalities. Incidence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9 11 per 10,000 live birth s and 14 per 10,000 births. ref name Cadichon Pulmonary hypoplasia is a common ... in stillbirth s, although not regarded as a cause of these. Causes Causes of pulmonary hypoplasia include a wide variety of congenital malformations and other conditions in which pulmonary hypoplasia ... 22 Pulmonary hypoplasia title Congenital malformations evidence based evaluation and management editor1 ... masses of the neck such as cervical teratoma also can cause pulmonary hypoplasia, presumably by interfering with the fetus s ability to fill its lungs. In the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia, the EXIT ... TM, Flake AW, Adzick NS title Severe pulmonary hypoplasia associated with giant cervical ... Warsaw, Poland 1960 volume 58 issue 7 8 pages 462 5 year 2005 pmid 16425805 doi url issn ref Pulmonary ... of oligohydramnios and cervical cord transection on lung growth in experimental pulmonary hypoplasia ... year 1997 month July pmid 9240585 doi url issn ref Pulmonary hypoplasia is associated with Dextrocardia ... pmid 9639726 doi url issn ref Diagnosis Medical diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero may use imaging ... pulmonary hypoplasia measurement of the chest trunk length ratio in fetuses journal Pediatric Surgery ... of pulmonary hypoplasia journal Pediatric Radiology volume 31 issue 9 pages 669 72 year 2001 month September ... pulmonary hypoplasia, the group that responded to maternal oxygenation had a more favorable outcome ... R, Weiner S, Berghella V title Prenatal prediction of lethal pulmonary hypoplasia the hyperoxygenation ... more details
Pulmonary cyst may refer to Bronchogenic cyst Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Pulmonary cyst may be relevant to Carcinoma ref name pmid21930334 cite journal author Singh N, Bal A title Lung Cyst Caused by Centrally Located Bronchogenic Carcinoma. journal Arch Bronconeumol year 2011 volume issue pages pmid 21930334 doi 10.1016 j.arbres.2011.06.019 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21930334 ref Infantile Stridor ref name pmid21767428 cite journal author Goswamy J, de Kruijf S, Humphrey G, Rothera MP, Bruce IA title Bronchogenic cysts as a cause of infantile stridor case report and literature review. journal J Laryngol Otol year 2011 volume 125 issue 10 pages 1094 1097 pmid 21767428 doi 10.1017 S0022215111001502 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 21767428 ref Treatments for pulmonary cysts include Marsupialization ref name pmid8362815 cite journal author Downing GJ, Hayen LK, Kilbride HW title Acquired subglottic cysts in the low birth weight infant. Characteristics, treatment, and outcome. journal Am J Dis Child year 1993 volume 147 issue 9 pages 971 4 pmid 8362815 doi pmc url ref Bronchoscopy ref name pmid8362815 References references Category Respiratory therapy Category Pulmonology Category Medicine ... more details
Pulmonary compliance or lung compliance can refer to either dynamic or static lung compliance. Static lung compliance is the change in volume for any given applied pressure. ref MeshName Lung compliance ref Dynamic lung compliance is the compliance of the lung at any given time during actual movement of air. The compliance of the lungs demonstrate Hysteresis Respiratory physiology hysteresis , that is the compliance is different on inspiration and expiration for identical volumes. Compliance is greatest at moderate lung volumes , and much lower at volumes which are very low or very high. Calculation Pulmonary compliance is calculated using the following equation, where V is the change in volume, and P is the change in pleural pressure math Compliance frac Delta V Delta P math For example if a patient inhales 500 mL of air from a spirometer with an intrapleural pressure before inspiration of 5 cm H sub 2 sub O and 10 cm H sub 2 sub O at the end of inspiration. Then br math Compliance frac Delta V Delta P frac .5 L 5 cmH 2O 10 cmH 2O frac .5 L 5 cmH 2O 0.1 L times cmH 2O 1 math Static Compliance C sub stat sub Static compliance represents pulmonary compliance during periods without gas flow, such as during an inspiratory pause. It can be calculated with the formula math C stat frac V T P plat PEEP math where P sub plat sub plateau pressure. P sub plat sub is measured at the end of inhalation and prior to exhalation using an inspiratory hold maneuver. During this maneuver, airflow is transiently 0.5 sec discontinued, which eliminates the effects of airway resistance. Pplat is never ... Compliance C sub dyn sub Dynamic compliance represents pulmonary complaince during periods of gas flow ... is associated with a decrease in pulmonary compliance. emphysema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD may be associated with an increase in pulmonary compliance due to the loss of alveolar and elastic tissue. Pulmonary surfactant increases compliance by decreasing the surface tension of water ... more details
one source date June 2010 Infobox disease Name Pulmonary aspiration Image Illu conducting passages.svg Alt Conducting passages. Caption Upper respiratory tract Human pharynx pharynx and larynx and lower respiratory tract Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchus bronchi , and lung ICD10 ICD10 J 69 , ICD10 J 95 4 J 95 br ICD10 O 29 0 O 29 , ICD10 O 74 0 O 74 br ICD10 O 89 0 O 89 , ICD10 P 24 br ICD10 T 17 3 T 17 ICD10 T 17 9 T 17 ICD10 W 78 ICD10 W 80 ICD9 ICD9 668.0 , ICD9 997.3 DiseasesDB 979 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D053120 Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material such as Human pharynx pharyngeal secretion s, food or drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or Human gastrointestinal tract gastrointestinal tract into the larynx voice box and lower respiratory tract the portions of the respiratory system from the Vertebrate trachea trachea windpipe to the lung s . A person may either inhalation inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation . When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as going down the wrong pipe. Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical pneumonitis or pneumonia ... complications following pulmonary aspiration because of certain factors such as Altered level of consciousness ... bifurcations . Risk factors Risk factors for pulmonary aspiration include conditions which depress .... Citation needed date August 2011 Consequences Particle related Pulmonary aspiration of particulate ... . ref name Engelhart1999 Cite journal last Engelhart first T last2 Webster first2 NR title Pulmonary ... ref Acid related Pulmonary aspiration of acidic material such as gastric acid stomach acid ... name Engelhart1999 Bacterial Pulmonary aspiration is often followed by bacterial pneumonia . Community ... , sedation or general anesthesia . In intensive care , sitting patients up reduces the risk of pulmonary ... more details
Pulmonary hygiene , formerly referred to as pulmonary toilet ref name Moody77 cite journal author Moody LE title Primer for pulmonary hygiene journal Am J Nurs volume 77 issue 1 pages 104 6 year 1977 month January pmid 584121 doi 10.2307 3424229 jstor 3424229 ref is a set of methods used to clear mucus and secretion s from the airway s. The word pulmonary refers to the lung s. Toilet Etymology The word toilet is related to the French toilette , refers to body care and hygiene this root is used in words such as toiletry that also relate to cleansing.These methods are widely used by Physiotherapists specialist Physiotherapists who are specialising in Cardiopulmonary field. Pulmonary hygiene prevents atelectasis the collapse of the alveoli of the lungs and rids the respiratory system of secretions, ref name Allen96 cite journal author Allen GS, Coates NE title Pulmonary contusion A collective review journal The American Surgeon volume 62 issue 11 pages 895 900 year 1996 month November pmid 8895709 doi url ref which could cause respiratory infection s. It can also decrease pulmonary shunt ... Methods used for pulmonary hygiene include suction medicine suctioning of the airways, chest physiotherapy ... author Allen GS, Cox CS title Pulmonary contusion in children Diagnosis and management journal Southern ... into the airways so that an examiner can view them, can be used therapeutically as part of pulmonary ... that do not inhibit breathing are also parts of pulmonary toilet. ref name Wilson01 Coughing is also ... G chapter Chronic pulmonary disease Bronchopulmonary dysplasia editor Perkin RM, Swift JD, Dale ... facilitates pulmonary toilet. ref name isbn0 387 98393 7 cite book author Reilley JM, Sicard ... issue 8 pages 739 48 pmid 20597083 doi 10.1002 ppul.21254 pmc url ref . Applications Pulmonary bronchial ... pressure 20mmHg , any spinal injury acute or otherwise, active hemoptysis , pulmonary embolism , pulmonary edema with congestive heart failure and an open or healing wound in the area where ... more details
, reduces surface tension . Function To increase pulmonary compliance . To prevent atelectasis collapse ... to very low, near zero levels. Pulmonary surfactant thus greatly reduces surface tension , increasing ... surfactant molecule in the pulmonary surfactant mixture. It also has higher compaction capacity ... substances of the pulmonary surfactant mixture, the DPPC s adsorption kinetics is very slow. This happens ... title Pulmonary surfactant Surface properties and function of alveolar and airway surfactant journal ... issue 1 pages 195 207 doi 10.1016 S1095 6433 01 00316 6 ref Artificial surfactants File Pulmonary surfactant.JPG thumb 200px Survanta, surrounded by devices for its application. Synthetic pulmonary ... author HW Taeush title Improving Pulmonary Surfactants journal Acta Pharmacologica Sinica year ... tension can be greatly reduced by pulmonary surfactant, this effect will depend on the surfactant ... text align left Pulmonary surfactant in equilibrium at 36 C 25 style text align left Healthy lung ... deficiency Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis History In late 1920s von Neergaard ref cite journal ... of the pulmonary surfactant in increasing the compliance of the lungs by reducing surface tension ... author Veldhuizena,Ruud Nagb, Kaushik Orgeigc, Sandra Possmayer, Fred title The role of lipids in pulmonary ... Mini review on Pulmonary Surfactant Minireview covering composition, function and pathologies of Pulmonary Surfactant Respiratory physiology Membrane proteins DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Surfactant ... Pulmonary function testing de Surfactant fr Surfactant pulmonaire it Surfattante polmonare pt Surfactante ... more details
Image Endobronchial valves placed in airways.png right thumb Endobronchial valve An endobronchial valve is an implantable medical device a small, one way valve , which is implanted in an airway in the pulmonary system to treat one of several lung conditions. The one way endobronchial valve is typically implanted such that when a patient exhales, air is able to flow through the valve and out of the lung compartment that is fed by that airway, but when the patient inhales, the valve closes and blocks air from entering that lung compartment. Thus, an implanted endobronchial valve typically helps a lung compartment to empty itself of air. This has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of emphysema , where lungs lose their elasticity and thus cannot contract sufficiently to exhale air, leading to air trapping and hyperaeration . When one or more diseased portions of an emphysematous lung are made to deflate and collapse, other healthier portions of the lung have more room in the chest cavity to inhale and exhale, pressure is removed from the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm , and even the heart may function better as the hyperinflated lung becomes smaller. ref citebook title Thoracic Endoscopy advances in interventional pulmonology author Michael J. Simoff, Daniel H. Sterman, Armin Ernst year 2006 publisher Blackwell Publishing isbn 1405122048 pages 191 url http books.google.com ?id REPluaGt SUC&pg PA191&vq 22Endobronchial valve 22&dq 22Endobronchial valve 22 ref Endobronchial valves ... currently markets the Zephyr endobronchial valve developed by Emphasys in Europe, Australia, China and many other locations outside the U.S. Pulmonx also sells the Chartis Pulmonary Assessment System ... a different type of endobronchial valve and was acquired by Olympus in 2010. Endobronchial valves may ... Valve Animation http www.pulmonx.com animation popup chartis index.html Pulmonx Chartis System Animation ... Valve Category Medical equipment Category Valves ... more details
Vacuum valve may refer to Trickle valve , a type of airlock Vacuum breaker , an anti siphon valve Vacuum delay valve , an automobile component Vacuum tube , an electron tube or thermionic valve disambig ... more details
An expansion valve is a valve used for different purposes Steam engines A valve used to control the expansion of steam Expansion valve steam engine The best known of these was the Meyer expansion valve, the invention of Jean Jacques Meyer Thermodynamics A valve used to expand a gas, for thermodynamic cooling purposes in either Joule Thomson cooler heat pump Also Thermal expansion valve Category Valves disambig ... more details
Wiktionary valve A valve is a device that regulates the flow of fluids. Types of such valves include Piston valve , a part in many brass instruments, used to control notes. Mercury arc valve , a type of electrical rectifier which converts alternating current into direct current Poppet valve , a valve consisting of a hole and a tapered plug on the end of a shaft, typically used in instruments, engines, etc. Heart valve , valves in the heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood Vein valve , valves in veins and other fluid cords in body And see Valve Types Valve may also refer to Vacuum tube , also called thermionic valve , an electronic component Valve Corporation , a computer software games company responsible for the best selling Half Life games Valve hall , a building which contains the valves of the static inverters of an HVDC plant Valve Records , a record label Valve, a paired clasping process on the male genitalia of a moth Valve mollusc , One half of the shell of a bivalve mollusc , one of eight overlapping shells on a chiton disambig ar eo Valvo fr Valve gl V lvula it Valvola nl Ventiel pl Zaw r pt V lvula ru simple Valve disambiguation fi Valve ... more details
A hydrogen valve is a special type of valve that is used for hydrogen at very low temperatures or high pressures in hydrogen storage or for example hydrogen vehicles . Image Inconel Tilting disc check valve The Alloy Valve Stockist.JPG 180px right thumb Inconel tilting disc check valve for hydrogen service. Types High pressure ball valve s up to 6000 psig 413 Bar unit bar at 250 degrees F 121 degrees C and flow coefficients from 4.0 to 13.8. ref http findarticles.com p articles mi m0EIN is 2004 August 23 ai n6165031 Hydrogen ball valve ref Material Valve s used in industrial hydrogen and oxygen applications, such as petrochemical processes, are often made of inconel . See also Diaphragm valve Gate valve Hydrogen tank Commons category Inconel valves Inconel valves position left References reference External links http www.ika.rwth aachen.de r2h index.php Hydrogen Valve Hydrogen valve DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Valve Category Valves Category Hydrogen technologies ar ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 unreferenced December 2009 orphan December 2009 A leaf valve is a one way valve check valve consisting of a diagonal obstruction with an opening covered by a hinged flap. Patents exist in the United states which specify the mechanical use use of leaf valves to control various types of fluids. United States Patent 4930535 is a folding leaf valve which is described as a valve that, folds upon itself to provide positive sealing of a pressurized chamber under a variety of pressure conditions. In particular, the valve stem folds to effectively close the lumen and provide a positive seal even at low differential pressure. United States Patent 4795340 is a single leaf valve for a gas fired boiler. It has a seat for a valve leaf , and a single valve leaf for the two constituents, this single valve leaf being flexible and deformable.... Application, in particular, to gas fired boilers of the pulsed combustion type. United States Patent 5441133 This hydraulic damper has a leaf valve stopper, the patented invention relates to a hydraulic damper. A leaf valve and a main valve are provided at an inner seat and an outer seat having different heights to each other arranged at outlet ports of a piston in such a way as they may be opened or closed... an attenuation force can be stabilized.. and the leaf valve is supported by the tapered or curved surface of the stopper when flexed, resulting in that no cracks are generated. These patents were found by searching http www.freepatentsonline.com DEFAULTSORT Leaf Valve Category Valves Mech engineering stub ... more details
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