Soda pulping is a chemical process for making wood pulp with sodium hydroxide as the cooking chemical. In the Soda AQ process, anthraquinone AQ may be used as a pulping additive to decrease the carbohydrate degradation. The soda process gives pulp with lower tear strength than other chemical pulping processes sulfite process and kraft process , but has still limited use for easy pulped materials like straw and some hardwood s. ref cite web url http www.hurterconsult.com HTMLobj 908 cottonsodaAQ 1.pdf title Soda AQ pulping of Cotton Stalks accessdate 2009 01 20 last Ali first Mona coauthors Byrd, Medwick Jameel, Hasan date 2001 work publisher ref History Soda pulping was one of the first chemical pulping methods and was invented in 1851 by Burgess USA and Watts England . The first mill was started in 1860 in the USA. In 1865 they patented a method for recovery of the cooking liquors by incineration of the spent liquor. Many of the early soda mills converted to kraft process kraft mills once it was discovered. ref cite book last1 Biermann first1 Christpher J. authorlink1 last2 first2 editor1 first editor1 last editor1 link others title Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking url format accessdate edition 2nd series volume date year 1996 month origyear publisher location language isbn 0 12 097362 6 oclc doi id page pages 86 chapter 3 chapterurl quote ref bibcode laysummary laydate separator postscript lastauthoramp . ref Production Around 5 10 of paper production worldwide is produced from fiber crops agricultural crops , valuing agricultural paper production at between 5 billion and 10 billion. The most notable of these agricultural crops are wheat straw and bagasse . Using agricultural crops rather than wood has the added advantage of reducing deforestation. Due to the ease with which ... pulping as solution for silicate scaling Many grass es, bagasse , bamboo and some tropical hardwood ... first editor1 last editor1 link others title Chemical Pulping url format accessdate edition series ... more details
Dr. Arne Asplund 1903 1993 invented the Defibrator pulping refiner and the defibrator method also called Asplund method for pulping wooden chips in 1930s. His invention resulted in the company AB Defibrator in Stockholm which was merged with Sunds AB to form Sunds Defibrator in 1979. ref http sn.svensktnaringsliv.se sn publi.nsf Publikationerview 0EB1614A9B48728CC1256BA30043C214 File PUB200204 008 1.pdf Anders Johnson De lyfte landet en ber ttelse om svenska entrepren rer , p. 25 sv icon ref ref cite web title SCA Acquisitions and divestments url http www.sca.com en Investors Acquisitions publisher Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget accessdate 20 July 2011 ref Asplund was rewarded the Gold medal Guldmedaljen of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences IVA in 1947 for the invention and his further development of the defibrator method for pulping wood and other fibre rich materials. He was later rewarded the Great gold medal Stora guldmedaljen from IVA in 1969 for his efforts on defibration technology. ref http www.iva.se upload Verksamhet Utm C3 A4rkelser iva 20medaljbok 201919 2001.pdf Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences Utm rkelser och minnestecken 1919 2001 Awards 1919 2001 sv icon ref Arne Asplund Mechanical Pulping Award The annual Arne Asplund Mechanical Pulping Award, was established in 1985 to commemorate Asplund s contributions to the pulp and paper industry. ref cite web title Arne Asplund Mechanical Pulping Award 2011 url http www.metso.com pulpandpaper MPwFiber.nsf WebWID WTB 110325 2256F 88948?OpenDocument publisher Metso Corporation accessdate 20 July 2011 ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Asplund, Arne ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1903 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1993 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Asplund, Arne Category 1903 births Category 1993 deaths Category Swedish engineers Category Swedish inventors Sweden bio stub Engineer stub sv Arne Asplund ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 H factor is a Kinetic theory kinetic model for the rate of delignification in Kraft process kraft pulping . It is a single variable model combining temperature T and time t and assuming that the deligification is one single Chemical reaction reaction . ref cite book last1 Gullichsen first1 Johan last2 Fogelholm first2 Carl Johan year 2000 title Chemical Pulping series Papermaking Science and Technology volume 6A pages 291 292 publisher Fapet Oy location Finland isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref math H int 0 t exp left 43.2 16115 T right ,dT , math References reflist Category Papermaking ... more details
, product recycling , and the mass production of paper based media. Methods Mechanical pulping In the process of mechanical pulping, grinding and refining are the two main methods used to create the pulp .... Refiner pulping is the term used to describe the treatment of wood chips with chemicals or heat ... types of Refiner pulping , which include Refiner Mechanical Pulping, Thermo mechanical Pulping, Chemi mechanical Pulping, and Chemi thermomechanical pulping. ref cite web url http www.cfr.washington.edu classes.pse.476 Powerpoint Powerpoint Renata pse 20476 2 20mechanical 20pulping.ppt title Pulping ... ref Mechanical pulping, when compared to chemical pulping, is relatively inexpensive and has ... pulping The process of chemical pulping is used to chemically disband the lignin found in the cell .... Chemical pulping can be characterized by two main methods sulfate Kraft process pulping and sulfite pulping, and these two methods have different benefits. Sulfate pulping can be performed on a wide ... pulping results in a higher volume of pulp which is easier to bleach and process. However, sulfate pulping is more widely used since the product is more durable and the chemicals used in the process ... or chemical pulping to render it in pulp form. The resulting pulp is then processed in the same ... more details
Organosolv is a pulping technique that uses an organic solvent to solubilise lignin and hemicellulose. It has been considered in the context of both pulp and paper manufacture and biorefining for subsequent conversion of cellulose to fuel ethanol. The process was invented by Theodore Kleinert ref US ... r&cad 0 v onepage&q&f false ref as an environmentally benign alternative to kraft pulping . Organosolv has several advantages when compared to other popular methods such as kraft pulping kraft or Sulfite pulping process sulfite pulping . In particular, the ability to obtain relatively high quality ... associated with kraft pulping . Solvents Organosolv pulping involves contacting a lignocellulosic feedstock ... its use. Organosolv for pulp production Numerous authors report that pulping with ethanol water solutions ..., MA, Rodriguez, F, Oliet, M, Preliminary study on products distribution in alcohol pulping of Eucalyptus ..., LJ, Dominguez, JCG, Ot, IP, Influence of cooking variables in the organosolv pulping of wheat ... Technology, 2003 . 88 1 p. 61 68. ref ref Kleinert, TN, Organosolvent pulping with aqueous alcohol ... to kraft pulping. TAPPI, 1991 . 74 3 p. 113 118. ref . The commonly used solvents acetone and ethanol have been examined with respect to pulp properties. The pulping of wheat straw with 40 mixtures ..., LJ, Dominguez, JCG, Ot, IP, Influence of cooking variables in the organosolv pulping of wheat ... recovery The recoverey of lignin from ethylene glycol organosolv pulping can be effected by 3 times ... is reached ref Lindner, A, Wegener, G, Characterization of lignins from organosolv pulping according ... of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 1988 . 8 3 p. 323 340. ref . The Alcohol Pulping and Recovery APR ... that ethanol pulping produces pulp superior to sulphite pulp at a lower cost. Lignin and hemicellulose ..., VB, Cowan, WF, Walsh, JK, Solvent pulping process, 1978 , C P Associates Ltd US patent 4.100.016 ... sized kraft mill ref Pye, EK, Lora, JH, The Alcell process. A proven alternative to kraft pulping ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 438749746 ImageFile Sodium 2 anthraquinonesulfonate.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName Sodium 9,10 dioxo 9,10 dihydroanthracene 2 sulfonate OtherNames Sodium 2 anthrachinonesulphonate 2 Anthraquinone sodium sulfonate Silver salt Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 131 08 8 PubChem 8551 SMILES O C1C2 C C CC S O O O C2 C C3 CC CC C31 O. Na Section2 Chembox Properties C 14 H 7 Na 1 O 5 S 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Distinguish soluble anthraquinone Sodium 2 anthraquinonesulfonate AMS is a water soluble anthraquinone derivative. Digester additive in papermaking AMS is used as a catalyst in production of alkaline pulping in the soda process . It goes through a redox cycle similar to that of anthraquinone to give a catalytic effect. AMS was discovered as an efficient pulping catalyst before anthraquinone, ref cite web url http smartech.gatech.edu bitstream 1853 673 1 3370 001 071978.pdf title Anthraquinone alkali pulping. A literature review first last author authorlink coauthors date month 7 year 1978 work publisher location page pages at language trans title format doi archiveurl archivedate accessdate quote ref separator postscript ref but has a higher cost. References reflist Category Anthraquinones Category Sulfonates Category Sodium compounds fa vi Natri 2 anthraquinonsunfonat ... more details
used in the pulping process are either sulfite s SO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup , or bisulfite s HSO ... first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking year 1993 ... as the counter ion and was based on work by Carl Daniel Ekman . By 1900 sulfite pulping had become the dominant means of producing wood pulp, surpassing mechanical pulping methods. The competing chemical pulping process, the sulfate or kraft process was developed by Carl F. Dahl in 1879 and the first ... kraft mills to recycle almost all of their pulping chemicals. This, along with the ability of the kraft ... process the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s. ref name bier Sulfite pulps now ... pulpingPulping liquor preparation The pulping liquor for most sulfite mills is made by burning ... H sub 2 sub O Pulping Sulfite pulping is carried out between pH 1.5 and 5, depending on the counterion to sulfite bisulfite and the ratio of base to sulfurous acid. The pulp is in contact with the pulping ... in sulfite pulping are Resonance chemistry Examples resonance stabilized carbocations formed either ... recovery The spent cooking liquor from sulfite pulping is usually called brown liquor, but the terms ... in the recovery boiler to generate steam and recover the inorganic chemicals for reuse in the pulping process or it can be neutralized to recover the useful byproducts of pulping. Recent developments ... pulping process, could make second generation biofuels Black liquor second generation biofuels ... recovery of the pulping chemicals since ammonia or ammonium salts are oxidized to nitrogen and nitrogen ... pulping the Magnefite process is well developed. ref cite web url http www.p2pays.org ref 10 09463.htm ... solution that is clarified, filtered and used as the pulping liquor. Mg OH sub 2 sub 2 SO sub 2 sub ... as kraft pulp fibers. The Crop yield yield of pulp based on wood used is higher than for kraft pulping ... accessdate 2007 10 12 ref Byproducts Sulfite pulping is generally less destructive than kraft ... more details
White liquor is a strongly alkaline solution used in the first stage of the Kraft process in which lignin and hemicellulose are separated from the cellulose fiber in Kraft process for the production of Pulp paper pulp ref name pulping cite book last Gullichsen first Johan authorlink coauthors Carl Johan Fogelholm title Papermaking science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press year 2000 location Finland pages 41 42 url doi id isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref . It is called white liquor due to the white opaque colour. Composition White liquor consists mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in water and is the active component in Kraft pulping ref name pulping ref . White liquor also contains minor amounts of sodium carbonate , sodium sulfate , sodium thiosulfate , sodium chloride , calcium carbonate and other accumulated salts and non process elements. These additional components are considered inert in the Kraft process, except sodium carbonate that contributes to a lesser extent. The chemical composition and properties of the white liquor are calculated as total alkali , active alkali , effective alkali , sulfidity , causticity and reduction . class wikitable Total alkali All Na sup sup compounds Active alkali AA NaOH Na sub 2 sub S g NaOH equivalents, or on dry wood Effective alkali EA NaOH Na sub 2 sub S g NaOH equivalents, or on dry wood Sulfidity Na sub 2 sub S AA Causticity NaOH NaOH Na sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub Reduction Na sub 2 sub S Na sub 2 sub S Na sub 2 sub SO sub 4 sub Application Main Kraft process The Kraft cooking liquor is a mixture of white liquor, water from the wood chips , condensed steam and black liquor . See also Pulp & Paper chemicals References reflist Category Papermaking pt Licor branco ... more details
of wood to make pulp for paper began with the development of mechanical pulping in Germany by F.G. Keller ..., sulfite pulping had become the dominant means of producing wood pulp, surpassing mechanical pulping methods. The competing chemical pulping process, the sulfate or kraft process was developed by Carl ... Biermann first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking year ... to recycle almost all of their pulping chemicals. This, along with the ability of the kraft process ... the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s. ref name bier Global production of wood pulp ... together and hemicellulose s, shorter branched carbohydrate polymers . The aim of pulping is to break ... fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small ... pulping methods, such as groundwood GW and refiner mechanical RMP pulping, physically tear the cellulose ... because the fibres may be cut. There are a number of related hybrid pulping methods that use a combination of chemical and thermal treatment to begin an abbreviated chemical pulping process ... thermomechanical pulping, also known as TMP, and chemithermomechanical pulping, also known as CTMP ... and writing paper, using the kraft process chemical pulping . Mechanical pulping is about twice ... for pulping Main Woodchipping Woodchipping is the act and industry of chipping wood for pulp ... and used as fuel to provide steam for use in the pulp mill. Most pulping processes require that the wood be chipped and screened to provide uniform sized chips. Pulping There are a number of different ... thumb 300px right Mechanical pulping process. ref name igg Thermomechanical pulp is pulp produced ... pulping process since the goal is to make the fibres easier to refine, not to remove lignin as in a fully ... . Main Kraft process Sulfite process Soda pulping See also Dissolving pulp Fluff pulp NBSK SBSK pulp ... is the dominant chemical pulping method, with sulfite process being second. Historically soda ... more details
of pulping paperback books evolved from the rise of the mass market distribution system following ... books that still fail to sell may then be pulped. The practice of pulping, as opposed to remaindering ... more details
polymers . The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fibre source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibres. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading ... weakens the fibres . The various mechanical pulping methods, such as groundwood GW and refiner mechanical RMP pulping, physically tear the cellulose fibres one from another. Much of the lignin ... of related hybrid pulping methods that use a combination of chemical and thermal treatment to begin an abbreviated chemical pulping process, followed immediately by a mechanical treatment to separate the fibres. These hybrid methods include thermomechanical pulping TMP and chemithermomechanical pulping CTMP . The chemical and thermal treatments reduce the amount of energy subsequently required ... bier cite book last Biermann first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Essentials of Pulping ... . The chemistry of the various pulping processes can be found in Sj str m s book. ref name eero cite ... pulping Chemical pulping processes such as the Kraft process kraft or sulfate process and the sulfite ... makes pulp that is easier to bleach. The chemical pulping processes use a combination of high temperature .... The material fed into the digester must be small enough to allow the pulping liquor to penetrate the pieces ... it is mixed an aqueous solution of the pulping chemicals, then heated with steam. In the kraft process the pulping chemicals are sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide and the solution is known as white liquor. In the sulfite process the pulping chemical is a mixture of metal sodium, magnesium, potassium ... time, less extreme pH than in a chemical pulping process, since the goal is to make the fibers easier ... process to regenerate the inorganic pulping chemicals. Environmental issues The United Nations Environmental ... more details
Knots are unwanted, lage, dark aggregates of wood fibre s when making chemical pulp ref cite book last Gullichsen first Johan authorlink coauthors Fogelholm, Carl Johan title Papermaking science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press. date 2000 location Finland pages 119 url doi id isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref . Knots are incompletely cooked wood chips coming out of the digester. Their origin is often dense parts of branches, such as compression wood or timber Knot wood Knots knots &ndash hence the name. Knots can also stem from large oversized wood chips due to insufficient impregnation with cooking liquors. The content of lignin is very high. In Kraft process kraft pulping knots are typically 0.5&ndash 3.0 of the digester throughput. The knots are Kraft process Screening screened from the pulp, because if left in the pulp they may damage washing equipment and consume large amounts of bleaching chemicals. They are normally sent back to the digester and re cooked so that their fibres are not wasted. See also Shives papermaking Shives Kraft process References reflist Category Papermaking ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Infobox Company name Tembec Inc. logo Image Tembec Logo.svg 200px type Public company Public genre foundation founder location city Montreal , Quebec location country Canada location locations area served key people James Lopez industry Paper & Paper Products products services revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees approx. 6000 ref name CP http www.google.com hostednews canadianpress article ALeqM5hrlwNufXbGrW HHLoAbWFdg7l SQ?docId 6661686 Tembec s U.S. subsidiary to liquidate four years after closing Louisiana mill , Ross Marowits, The Canadian Press , 25 April 2011 ref parent divisions subsid homepage http www.tembec.com www.tembec.com footnotes intl File Kapuskasing mill.JPG thumb right 240px Tembec mill in Kapuskasing . Tembec Inc. TSX TMB is a paper company in Canada . Tembec has approximately 6000 employees ref name CP located in Canada, United States , and France . Tembec s operating divisions include Forest Products, Pulp, Paper & Paperboard, and Chemicals. The Forest Products Group comprises 31 manufacturing operations producing softwood lumber, engineered wood products, and specialty wood products. The Pulp, Paper & Paperboard Group consists of 9 pulp manufacturing plants, 5 paper manufacturing plants and 1 paperboard plant. The Chemicals group produces resins , ethanol and lignin from the pulping discharge in five of its pulping plants. Company creation Tembec was created in 1973 in the town of T miscaming, Quebec T miscaming , in Quebec near the border of Ontario . The town s economic lifeblood, a pulp mill owned by a large multinational corporation, was shut down in 1972. The mill s former employees and Temiscaming residents gained national attention in their fight to save their jobs, and their efforts created a unique and unprecedented relationship among entrepreneurs, unionized employees, the community and several levels of government. The mill was purchased and Tembec came into being. cn da ... more details
The Kappa number is an indication of the residual lignin content or Bleaching of wood pulp bleachability of wood pulp by a standarised analysis method. Measuring method The Kappa number is determined by ISO 302 2004. ref cite web url http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 36604 publisher International Organization for Standardization title ISO 302 2004 Pulps &mdash Determination of Kappa number ref ISO 302 is applicable to all kinds of chemical pulp chemical and semi chemical pulps and gives a Kappa number in the range of 1 100. The Kappa number is a measurement of standard potassium permanganate solution that the pulp will consume. The measurement is inflated by the presence of hexenuronic acid s in the pulp. These compounds are formed during the chemical pulping process, from the hemicellulose s. The Kappa number can be monitored by online Kappa analysers in a pulp mill , but these have to be calibrated with the ISO 302 2004 method. Application The Kappa number estimates the amount of chemicals required during bleaching of pulp paper wood pulp to obtain a pulp with a given degree of whiteness. Since the amount of bleach needed is related to the lignin content of the pulp, the Kappa number can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the lignin extraction phase of the pulping process. It is approximately proportional to the residual lignin content of the pulp. K c l K Kappa number c constant 6,57 dependent on process and wood l lignin content in percent The Kappa number for Bleaching of wood pulp bleachable pulps are in the range of 25 30, sack paper pulps in the range 45 55 and pulps for corrugated fiberboard are in the range 60 90. References reflist External links http www.skalar.com page news news skalar introduces the automatic lignin kappa number analyzer Kappa number lignin analyzer DEFAULTSORT Kappa Number Category Papermaking pt N mero Kappa fi Kappaluku sv Kappatal yo ISO 302 ... more details
wiktionarypar pulp wiktionarypar beat to pulp TOCright Pulp may refer to Films and television Pulp 1972 film Pulp 1972 film Pulp 2012 film Pulp 2012 film Medical Pulp spleen Pulp tooth Music Pulp band Places United States Pulp, Wisconsin Publications Pulp Filipino music magazine Pulp Filipino music magazine Pulp magazine or pulp fiction , inexpensive fiction magazines or paperbacks Pulp magazine Pulp magazine , a monthly manga anthology Pulp novel Pulp novel , by Charles Bukowski Other uses Pulp paper , the fibrous material used to make paper The act of pulping , a process in papermaking Molded pulp , a packaging material Pulp juice , a brand of juice The juice vesicles of a citrus fruit Pretoria University Law Press disambig ca Pulp da Pulp flertydig de Pulp et Pulp es Pulp fa fr Pulp gl Pulp ko io Pulpo it Pulp nl Pulp ru simple Pulp sr uk ... more details
A shive is a small bundle of incompletely cooked wood fibres in the chemical pulp used in papermaking . ref cite book last Gullichsen first Johan authorlink coauthors Fogelholm, Carl Johan title Papermaking science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping publisher Tappi Press. date 2000 location Finland pages 119 url doi id isbn 952 5216 06 3 ref They are smaller than Knot papermaking knots and are more difficult to separate from the pulp. Typically the content of shives in kraft pulp is 0.1 to 1.0 . Much shives are a sign of poor impregnation of the wood chips . Shives are separated from the pulp in the Kraft process Screening screening and can be added back after refining. Even though shives are darker than rest of the pulp, they may pass unnoticed to the paper machine because they are easily bleached. Shives in the paper machine can cause web breakage or other operational problems. They might also end as spots in the finished paper . See also Knot papermaking Kraft process References reflist Category Papermaking ... more details
also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process ref The process name is derived from German Kraft ... cite book last Biermann first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking ... of the inorganic pulping chemicals such that a kraft mill is a nearly closed cycle with respect ... which allows the pulping reaction to be complete by the time the materials exit the reactor. Typically ... to recover the inorganic chemicals for reuse in the pulping process. Higher solids in the concentrated ... oxide , which becomes calcium hydroxide in solution, to regenerate the white liquor used in the pulping ... Kraft pulping Energy consumption and production accessdate 2007 10 21 last Jeffries first Tom coauthors ... after pulping is a process whereby the pulp is separated from large Shives papermaking shives , Knots ... cellulose fibers containing approximately 5 residual lignin , produced by the pulping is first .... authorlink coauthors title Anthraquinone Pulping. A TAPPI Press Anthology of Published Papers, 1977 ... and thereby transporting it out of the process. Comparison with other pulping processes ... pulp pulping processes and maintaining a high effective sulfur ratio or sulfidity is important for the highest ..., which leads to weaker fibers. Kraft pulping removes most of the lignin present originally in the wood whereas mechanical pulping processes leave most of the lignin in the fibers. The hydrophobic ... are important. The kraft process can use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes ... pulping are crude sulfate turpentine and tall oil soap. The availability of these is strongly ... the effluent where possible, as well as employing less damaging agents in the pulping and bleaching ... Sulfite process Soda pulping Organosolv Pulp mill Wood pulp Kappa number H factor Bleaching of wood ... Carl Johan Fogelholm title Papermaking science and Technology 6. Chemical Pulping publisher ... ch10 final c10s02.pdf US EPA article on Kraft pulping http eippcb.jrc.es pages FActivities.htm Reference ... more details
the spent pulping liquids red or brown liquor from sulfite pulping. The most widely used industrial ... be used to separate lignosulfonates from the spent pulping liquid. ref name kirk A list of CAS numbers ... more details
by natural fermentation. The Becolsub technology basically consists in pulping without water, mechanical ... in the pulping machine. Scientists at Cenicaf discovered that a coffee fruit with mucilage ... in conventional pulping machines without water, that the liquid was only required as a conveying means and that pulping with water absence avoids 72 of the potential contamination. Mucilage ... coffee.htm ref After de pulping, the beans are collected in Industrial fermentation fermentation ... use. Recycling of water in the de pulping process can drastically reduce the amount needed. With reuse ... of pollution . The main component is organic matter , stemming from de pulping and mucilage removal ... flows, two processes can be determined de pulping and fermentation washing. De pulping File Coffee ... The water used for de pulping of the cherries is referred to as pulping water. It accounts for just over half of the water used in the process. According to Von Enden and Calvert, pulping water consists ... the bacteria on the cherries. Other components in pulping water are acids and toxic chemicals like polyphenolics tannins or alkaloids caffeine . Pulping water can be reused during the de pulping of the harvest ... removed. sfn Grendelman 2006 The drop in pH can be attributed to the start of fermentation of the pulping .... The nutrient content of the pulping water at the maximum COD load, which was considered to reflect ... title Overcoming Pollution of Lakes and Water Bodies Due to Coffee Pulping Activities With Appropriate ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In agriculture, a pulper is a machine designed to remove pulp i.e. the soft flesh from agriculture agricultural produce. For example, in coffee growing the ripe, red Cherry cherries are picked from the coffee bushes and prior to fermentation food fermentation and later drying the soft pulp needs to be removed otherwise a potentially uncontrollable fermentation rot will occur . In the case of coffee the pulping is normally done in a pulper that is either hand cranked or engine driven the beans are emptied into an elevated Chute gravity hopper and then dropped through a narrow slot within which they come into contact with a rotating spiked drum that removes the pulp or flesh. Again in the case of coffee, the sticky beans that result from this process then have to be washed, fermented, washed again and dried prior to further processing milling to remove the parchment and then roasting. In the wood processing industry connected to paper making, a pulper is a machine that mechanically and chemically processes the fibers of wood chips, or artificial non woven fibers, to reduce them to pulp. Post consumer waste is re pulped, in one of the processes involved in recycling it. Category Agricultural machinery Agri stub de Pulper nl Pulper pl Pulper ... more details
kraft pulping is recovered lumber from demolition, industrial processing of wood and wooden pallets ... M. title Kraft Pulping of Industrial Wood Waste booktitle TAPPI Pulping Conference, Montreal pages ... Biermann first Christopher J. authorlink coauthors title Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking page ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Steam exploded fiber is a pulping and extraction technique that has been applied to wood and other fibrous organic material. ref name Avella 1995 cite journal author Maurizio Avella coauthors Claudio Bozzi, Ramiro dell Erba, Bonaventura Focher, Annamaria Marzetti, Ezio Martuscelli title Steam exploded wheat straw fibers as reinforcing material for polypropylene based composites. Characterization and properties date November 1995 journal Die Angewandte makromolekulare Chemie Applied macromolecular chemistry and physics volume 233 issue 1 pages 149 166 url http books.google.com books?id NckXAAAAIAAJ accessdate 29 November 2011 publisher H thig & Wepf Verlag ref The resulting fibers can be combined with organic polymers to produce fiber composite material s. Alternatively, the fibers, along with other extracted substances, can be processed chemically or digested to produce ethanol and other useful substances. References Reflist External links http aiche.confex.com aiche 2005 techprogram P29158.HTM Processing corn cobs to ethanol and other chemicals http www.ornl.gov sci bst symposium index files 6Aabstracts 6A 19.htm Insitu Detoxification Cotton Gin Waste for Ethanol Production http www.geocities.co.jp Technopolis 3755 abstracts.htm Holts1 Binderless boards from steam exploded oil palm pulp Category Industrial processes Category Pulp and paper industry ... more details
Citations needed date October 2011 Kraft paper or kraft ref Derived from German Kraft , http www.merriam webster.com dictionary kraft meaning strength in this context, due to the strength of the paper produced using this process. ref is paper or paperboard cardboard produced from chemical pulp produced in the kraft process . Pulp produced by the kraft process is stronger than that made by other wood pulp Manufacture of wood pulp pulping processes acidic sulfite process es degrade cellulose more, leading to weaker fibers, and mechanical pulping processes leave most of the lignin with the fibers, whereas Kraft pulping removes most of the lignin present originally in the wood. Low lignin is important to the resulting strength of the paper as the hydrophobic nature of lignin interferes with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between cellulose and hemicellulose in the fibers. ref cite journal last Hubbe first Martin a. authorlink coauthors Lucian A. Lucia year 2007 month title The Love Hate Relationship Present in Lignocellulosic Materials journal BioResources volume 2 issue 4 pages 534 535 id url http www.bioresourcesjournal.com article view BioRes 2 4 534 535 Hubbe Lucia Love and Hate Lignocellulosics 932 accessdate 2007 09 15 quote format Dead link date May 2008 Dead link date September 2010 bot H3llBot ref Kraft pulp is darker than other wood pulps, but it can be bleaching of wood pulp bleached to make very white pulp. Fully bleached kraft pulp is used to make high quality paper where strength, whiteness and resistance to yellowing are important. Manufacture Main Paper machine Kraft paper is produced on paper machines with moderate machine speeds. The raw material is normally softwood pulp from the kraft process. Maintaining a high effective sulfur ratio or sulfidity is important for the highest possible strength using the Kraft process. The kraft process can use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes. All types of wood, including very resi ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Molten salt oxidation is a non flame, thermal process that destroys all organic materials while simultaneously retaining inorganic and hazardous components in the melt. It is used as either hazardous waste treatment with air or energy harvesting similar to coal and wood gasification with steam . The molten salt of choice has been sodium carbonate m.p 851 C , but other salts can be used. Sulfur, halogens, phosphorus and similar volatile pollutants are oxidized and retained in the melt. Most organic carbon content leaves as relatively pure CO CO2 H sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O gas depending on the feed conditions, whether steam or air is used , and the effluent only requires a cold trap and a mild aqueous wash except mercury containing wastes . It has been used for safe biological and chemical weapons destruction, and processing waste such as scrap tires where direct incineration effluent treatment is difficult. The major downside of the process compared to direct incineration is the eventual saturation of the melt by contaminants, and needing reprocessing replacement. See also Recovery boiler a technology with similar issues used in Kraft process chemical pulping of paper, though temperatures 500 C Category Waste management Category Waste treatment technology chem stub fr Oxydation en bain de sel ... more details
BLP sources date July 2010 Infobox writer name Alan Wearne File AlanWearne.jpg birth date TBC birth place Melbourne occupation Poet, Lecturer nationality Australian period 1971 current Alan Wearne born 1948 is an Australian poet. Alan Wearne was born and grew up in Melbourne . ref http www.austlit.com a wearne index.html Alan Wearne Australian Literature Resources Accessed 4 1 2007 ref He studied history at Monash University where he met the poets Laurie Duggan and John A. Scott . After publishing two collections of poetry, he wrote a novel in verse verse novel , The Nightmarkets , published in 1986 which won the Banjo Award and was adapted for performance. His next book in the same genre, The Lovemakers , won the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry and the Queensland Premier s Literary Awards Arts Queensland Judith Wright Calanthe Award . The first half of the novel was published by Penguin Books Penguin , and its second by the Australian Broadcasting Commission ABC in 2004 as The Lovemakers Book Two, Money and Nothing and co won The Foundation for Australian Literary Studies Colin Roderick Award and the H. T. Priestly Medal. Despite this critical success neither book was promoted properly and both volumes ended up being pulped. ref Neil, Rosmary. http www.theaustralian.com.au news arts pulping our poetry story e6frg8nf 1111113877895 Pulping our poetry The Australian Accessed 9 11 2009 ref Shearsman Press in the UK has since republished the book in a single volume. Alan Wearne s latest work, The Australian Popular Songbook was published in 2008 by Giramondo Publishing. He currently lectures in Creative Writing at the University of Wollongong . ref https misprd.uow.edu.au ris public WebObjects RISPublic.woa wa Staff selectPerson?id 9552&group 55 Alan Warne Faculty of Creative Arts University of Wollongong Accessed 9 11 2009 ref Books Public Relations 1972 New Devil, New Parish 1976 The Nightmarkets Penguin, 1986 ISBN 0 14 007586 0 Out Here Newcastle upon Tyne Bloodaxe ... more details
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