Refimprove date February 2008 Image West Texas Pumpjack.JPG thumb 300px right The pumpjack , such as this one located south of Midland, Texas , is a common sight in West Texas . An oil well is a general term for any boring through the Earth s surface that is designed to find and acquire petroleum oil hydrocarbons . Usually some natural gas is produced along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce mainly or only gas may be termed a gas well . History Image Bundesarchiv Bild 183 R00740, Boryslaw, Erd lgewinnung.jpg thumb Oil extraction in Boryslav in Galicia Central Europe Galicia in 1909. According to George E. Totten, the earliest known oil wells were drilled in China in 347 Common Era CE . They had depths of up to about convert 800 ft and were drilled using drill bit bits attached to bamboo poles. ref name ASTM http www.astm.org COMMIT D02 to1899 index.html ASTM timeline of oil ref The oil was burned to evaporate brine and produce sodium chloride salt . By the 10th century, extensive bamboo pipelines connected oil wells with salt springs. The ancient records of China and Japan are said to contain many allusions to the use of natural gas for lighting and heating. Petroleum was known as burning water in Japan in the 7th century. ref name EB1911 The Middle East s petroleum industry was established by the 8th century, when the street s of the newly constructed Baghdad were paved with tar , derived from petroleum that became accessible from natural fields in the region. Citation needed date January 2012 According to Kasem Ajram, petroleum was Distillation distilled by the Persian people Persian alchemist Muhammad ibn Zakar ya R zi Rhazes in the 9th century, producing chemicals such as kerosene in the alembic al ambiq , ref name Ajram Cite book author Dr. Kasem Ajram ... 500px A schematic of a typical oil well being produced by a pumpjack , which is used to produce the remaining ... be needed. Common solutions include downhole pumps, gas lift, or surface pumpjack pump jacks . Many ... more details
Image LostHills.jpg right 300px thumb The Lost Hills Oil Field in the San Joaquin Valley of central California . Other oil fields are shown in gray. The Lost Hills Oil Field is a large oil field in the Lost Hills Range, north of the town of Lost Hills, California Lost Hills in western Kern County, California Kern County , California , in the United States . Production While only the 18th largest oil field in California in size, in total remaining reserves it ranks sixth, with the equivalent of over convert 110 Moilbbl m3 producible reserves still in the ground, according to the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources Chevron Corp. , the principal operator, estimates considerably more oil in the ground . ref ftp ftp.consrv.ca.gov pub oil annual reports 2006 0102stats 06.pdf California Department of Conservation, Oil and Gas Statistics, Annual Report, December 31, 2006 , p. 2 ref ref http www.osti.gov energycitations purl.cover.jsp?purl 753983 xVDoLJ webviewable Pasqual R. Perri, et al. Advanced Reservoir Characterization in the Antelope Shale to Establish the Viability of CO sub 2 sub Enhanced Oil Recovery in California s Monterey Formation Siliceous Shales . Chevron USA Production Company, prepared for US Department of Energy, April 2000. ref Production at Lost Hills has been increasing steadily as of the end of 2006, it was California s second fastest growing oil field, exceeded only by the nearby Cymric Oil Field Cymric Field . The Lost Hills field also contains considerable reserves of natural gas . In 1998, one of the field s gas wells was the site of a spectacular blowout, producing a pillar of fire which burned for 14 days and was visible more than convert 40 mi km away. ref http web.archive.org web 20071214103715 http www.geocities.com mudsmeller gushers.html The Bellevue Gusher, at the San Joaquin Geological Society ref Setting Image Pumpjacks.JPG right 300px thumb There are hundreds of pumpjack pumpjacks on Lost Hills Oilfield near route 46 ... more details
Image Wolf Ridge Wind Farm 3133687706 2400b5319a b.jpg 300px thumb right Wind turbines generate electricity behind a pumpjack in Muenster, Texas. This could be a common scene in the Great Plains if Pickens Plan is adopted. The Pickens Plan is an energy policy proposal announced July 8, 2008 by United States American businessman T. Boone Pickens . Pickens wants to reduce American dependence on imported oil by investing approximately United States dollar US 1 Orders of magnitude numbers 1012 trillion in new wind farm wind turbine farms for power generation, which he believes would allow the Natural gas Power generation natural gas currently used for power generation to be shifted to fuel Compressed natural gas trucks CNG trucks and other heavy vehicles. Pickens thinks that his plan could reduce by 300 billion 43 the amount the country spends annually on foreign oil. ref name dp001 cite news url http www.denverpost.com rapids ci 9845133 title Tycoon s plan taps wind author Andy Vuong publisher The Denver Post date 2008 07 11 accessdate 2008 08 08 ref Proposal The main proposals of the plan are ref name sbj07 cite news url http albany.bizjournals.com albany othercities sanantonio stories 2008 07 07 daily13.html title Pickens backs renewable energy plan publisher San Antonio Business Journal author Staff date 2008 07 13 accessdate 2008 07 08 ref Private industry would fund and install thousands of wind turbine s in the Great Plains , which Pickens refers to as the potential wind corridor of the United States due to favorable wind resources and geographic location. Pickens estimates that these turbines could generate enough power to provide 20 percent or more of the country s electricity supply. Government would pay for electric power transmission lines to connect the turbine farms to the power grid. They would provide energy to the Midwest, South and Western regions of the country. With wind energy providing a large portion of the nation s electricity, the natural gas th ... more details
About the country in Eurasia good article pp semi sock small yes pp move indef Infobox country native name lang az Az rbaycan Respublikas conventional long name Republic of Azerbaijan common name Azerbaijan national motto The Republic of Azerbaijan has NO official, constitutionally fixed motto, please do not insert Odlar Yurdu or something else national anthem National Anthem of Azerbaijan Az rbaycan mar small br lang en March of Azerbaijan small br File National Anthem of the Republic of Azerbaijan instrumental.ogg image flag Flag of Azerbaijan.svg image coat Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg symbol type Emblem image map Azerbaijan orthographic projection .svg map caption Location of Azerbaijan capital Baku latd 40 latm 25 latNS N longd 49 longm 50 longEW E largest city capital official languages Azerbaijani language Azerbaijani ethnic groups 91.60 Azerbaijani br 2.02 Lezgin br 1.35 Armenian br 1.34 Russian br 1.26 Talysh br 2.43 other government type Presidential republic leader title1 President of Azerbaijan President leader name1 Ilham Aliyev leader title2 Prime Minister of Azerbaijan Prime Minister leader name2 Artur Rasizade legislature National Assembly of Azerbaijan National Assembly sovereignty type History of Azerbaijan Statehood formation established event1 Caucasian Albania established date1 br 4th century BC established event2 Atabegs of Azerbaijan established date2 br 1135 established event3 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic established date3 br 28 May 1918 established event4 Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic established date4 br 28 April 1920 established event5 Independence br from the Soviet Union div style float right Declared br Completed div established date5 br br 30 August 1991 br 18 October 1991 established event6 Constitution of Azerbaijan adopted established date6 br 12 November 1995 area km2 86600 area sq mi 33436 Do not remove WP MOSNUM area rank 114th area magnitude 1 E9 percent water 1.6 population estimate 9,165,000 ref http www.azstat.o ... more details
Use mdy dates date January 2012 Other uses pp move indef File Oil Reserves.png thumb 400px right Proven world oil reserves , 2009 File Oil well.jpg thumb Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas . File Photo lg kuwait.jpg thumb An oil refinery in Mina Al Ahmadi, Kuwait Petroleum Latin L. petroleum , from lang gr petra rock lang la oleum oil ref Petroleum . Concise Oxford English Dictionary ref or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon s of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compound s, that are found in Formation stratigraphy geologic formations beneath the Earth Earth s surface. A fossil fuel , it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae , are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling . This comes after the studies of structural geology at the reservoir scale , sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization mainly in terms of porosity and permeable structures . ref cite journal author Guerriero V. et al. year 2011 title Improved statistical multi scale analysis of fractures in carbonate reservoir analogues journal Tectonophysics journal Tectonophysics publisher Elsevier volume 504 pages 14 24 doi 10.1016 j.tecto.2011.01.003 ref ref cite journal author Guerriero V. et al. year 2010 title Quantifying uncertainties in multi scale studies of fractured reservoir analogues Implemented statistical analysis of scan line data from carbonate rocks journal Journal of Structural Geology publisher Elsevier volume 32 issue 9 pages 1271 1278 doi 10.1016 j.jsg.2009.04.016 ref It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point , into a large number of consumer products, from petrol or gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals . ref name Dixie State College cite web url http cactus.dixie.edu smblack chem1010 l ... more details
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