Pupillaryreflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function. Types include Pupillary light reflex Accommodation reflex Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a reflex , it is still usually considered a part of this topic. Accommodation eye Accommodation and vergence are also known as the near response , while inhibition of the ciliary muscle is also known as the far response . Visual pathways Category Reflexes anatomy stub ... more details
Image Eye dilate.gif thumb 250ppx right Pupillary light reflex The pupillary light reflex is a reflex ... larger allowing more light in . Thus, the pupillary light reflex regulates the intensity of light ..., and they influence the circadian rhythms and the pupillary light reflex. Neuron 2 From the pretectal ... iris . ref name Purves A Mathematical Description Pupillary Light Reflex is modeled as a physiologically ... In addition to controlling the amount of light that enters the eye, the pupillary light reflex ... retina or optic nerve . ref name Purves Emergency room physicians routinely assess the pupillaryreflex because it is useful for gauging brain stem function. Normally, pupils react i.e. constrict equally. Lack of the pupillaryreflex or an abnormal pupillaryreflex can be caused by optic nerve ... hyperbrain anim reflex.html Animation of pupillary light reflex MeshName Reflex, Pupillary http cim.ucdavis.edu ... in pupil reactions for various nerve lesions. Reflex Visual system DEFAULTSORT Pupillary Light Reflex ... cell s through the retinohypothalamic tract , is responsible for the afferent limb of the pupillaryreflex it senses the incoming light. The oculomotor nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the pupillaryreflex it drives the muscles that constrict the pupil. ref name Purves Neuron 1 The pupillaryreflex pathway begins with the photosensitive retinal ganglion cell s, which convey information .... G. 2009 . Photorealistic models for pupil light reflex and iridal pattern deformation. ACM Trans. Graph ... 2 sup times the pupil area in mm sup 2 sup . math tau math is the pupillary latency, a time delay ... velocity, ref cite journal doi 10.1136 bjo.65.11.754 last Ellis first C. J. title The pupillary light reflex in normal subjects journal British Journal of Ophthalmology volume 65 issue 11 pages ..., both pupils should constrict with light shone into either eye alone. On testing each reflex ... reflex is lost Example when the left eye is stimulated, neither pupil constricts, as no signals ... more details
dilator muscle Cause in pupillary light reflex Increased light Decreased light Other physiological ...Image Eye dilate.gif thumb 250ppx right Pupillary response Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil , either resulting in constriction ref cite journal author Ellis CJ title The pupillary light reflex in normal subjects journal Br J Ophthalmol volume 65 issue 11 pages 754 9 year 1981 month November pmid 7326222 pmc 1039657 doi 10.1136 bjo.65.11.754 url http bjo.bmj.com content 65 11 754.full.pdf ref or dilation expansion , via activation or deactivation of the iris dilator muscle . The response can have a variety of causes, from an pupillaryreflex involuntary reflex reaction to exposure or inexposure to light in low light conditions a dilated pupil lets more light into the eye or it may indicate interest in the subject of attention or indicate sexual ... Loewenfeld title Pupillary Movements During Acute and Chronic Fatigue A New Test for the Objective ... 2 2 138.pdf ref A pupillary response can be intentionally Classical conditioning conditioned as a Pavlovian ... title The Pupillary Response Conditioned to Subliminal Auditory Stimuli publisher Ohio State University date 1938 in science 1938 year 1938 url http www.worldcat.org title pupillary response conditioned to subliminal auditory stimuli oclc 6894644 ref The latency of pupillary response the time in which ... Podolak last2 Feinberg first2 Richard author2 link Richard Feinberg title Latency of pupillaryreflex to light stimulation and its relationship to aging url http www.faa.gov library reports medical ... 96 year 1992 pmid 1363080 doi url ref In ophthalmology , intensive studies of pupillary response are conducted ... Sympathetic connections of the ciliary and superior cervical ganglia. class wikitable Pupillary ... fundus examination Iris dilator muscle Iris sphincter muscle Mydriasis Miosis Pupillary light reflex Pupilometer References reflist Visual system Category Eye eye stub ... more details
refimprove date February 2008 Pupillary Distance PD or interpupillary distance IPD is the distance the industry standard is to measure in millimeters between the centers of the pupil s in each eye. This measurement is used when preparing to make prescription eyeglasses . Positioning Lens optics lenses correctly in relation to the centre of the pupils is especially important for higher powered lenses due to the location of the optical centre of the lenses. It can also be relevant to binoculars they must be adjusted to suit the user s IPD and the minimum allowed by some binoculars is still too great for people with a small IPD. Measuring pupillary distance Someone with training in the field of optics can accurately measure your pupillary distance. This is normally done with a small millimeter ruler referred to as a PD stick or with a corneal reflex pupillometer, which is a machine calibrated to help the optical professional more accurately measure the pupillary distance. In very young children and babies, where the patient is unlikely to stay still, the optical professional will typically measure from one medial Canthus anatomy canthus to the other lateral canthus. Typical values Image Pupillarydistance.png 350x350px right thumb A diagram illustrating different far range and short range pupillary distance percentiles The typical pupillary distance for adults is around 54 68 mm, while measurements generally fall between 48 and 73 mm. For children the measurement usually ranges from 41 to 55 mm. The 95 percentile adult male in the USA has an IPD of 70 mm 2.8 in and the 5 percentile, 55 mm 2.17 in . Those are each the 5 of USA men at the far range and short range, respectively. For adult females in the USA the figures are 65 and 53 mm 2.6 and 2.1 in . For Europeans the figures are 1 mm smaller than the above. The IPD is one of the many ... document http blog.eyemartexpress.com pupillary distance Measure your own pupillary distance plus video ... more details
other uses Reflex disambiguation A reflex action , also known as a reflex , is an involuntary and nearly ... Third Edition . Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates, Inc. ref A true reflex is a behavior which is mediated via the reflex arc this does not apply to casual uses of the term reflex . Human reflexes Stretch reflexes The stretch reflex es often called deep tendon reflexes , though not to be confused with Golgi tendon reflex es provide information on the integrity of the central nervous system and peripheral ... or exaggerated reflexes a central one. Jaw jerk reflex CN V Biceps reflex cervical spinal nerve 5 C5 , cervical spinal nerve 6 C6 Brachioradialis reflex C5, C6, cervical spinal nerve 7 C7 Extensor digitorum reflex C6, C7 Triceps reflex C6, C7, cervical spinal nerve 8 C8 Patellar reflex or knee jerk reflex lumbar spinal nerves 2, 3, 4 L2, L3, L4 Ankle jerk reflex Achilles reflex sacral spinal nerve ... reflex refers to the analogous reflex stimulated electrically, and Tonic vibration reflex for those stimulated to vibration. Reflexes involving cranial nerves class wikitable Name Sensory Motor Pupillary light reflex II III Accommodation reflex II III Jaw jerk reflex V V Corneal reflex , also known as the blink reflex V VII Vestibulo ocular reflex VIII III, IV, VI Gag reflex IX X Reflexes usually only observed in human infants main Primitive reflexes Image Greifreflex.JPG thumb Grasp reflex Deleted ... tonic neck reflex ATNR Hand to mouth reflex citation needed date March 2012 Moro reflex , also known as the startle reflex Primitive reflexes Palmar grasp reflex Palmar grasp reflex Primitive reflexes Rooting reflex Rooting reflex Primitive reflexes Sucking reflex Sucking reflex Symmetrical tonic neck reflex STNR Tonic labyrinthine reflex TLR Other reflexes Other reflexes found in the central nervous system include Abdominal reflexes T6 L1 Gastrocolic reflex Anal wink Anocutaneous reflex S2 S4 Cremasteric reflex L1 L2 Mammalian diving reflex Muscular defense Scratch reflex Startle reflex ... more details
ReFLEX is a wireless protocol developed by Motorola which is used for two way paging. The Motorola PageWriter released in 1996 was one of the first devices to use the ReFLEX network protocol. Versions ReFLEX is based on the one way FLEX protocol FLEX protocol and originally came in two variants, ReFLEX25 and ReFLEX50. Later version 2.7 of the ReFLEX protocol was released. Devices compliant with ReFLEX 2.7.x can operate on both ReFLEX25 and ReFLEX50 networks. Although ReFLEX Two Way Paging is a rather dated technology, it is finding new uses in AMR Automatic Meter Reading and low cost telemetry applications. The primary difference between the ReFLEX versions are inbound speed. FLEX 1 way communications 1600, 3200 and 6400 BPS ReFLEX 25 2 way up to 6400 BPS ReFLEX 50 2 way up to 9600 BPS ReFLEX 2.7.x See also DataTAC Mobitex External links http content.arch.com whitepaper reflexwhitepaper.pdf ReFLEX White Paper http www.rysavy.com Articles twoway.htm Two Way Paging Article http www.leapforum.org published internetworkMobility split node115.html SECTION001432100000000000000 Article cite web url http www.usamobility.com pdf reflexwhitepaper.pdf format pdf title ReFLEX Rules The Role of Pervasive Low Cost Networks and Devices in the Future of Mobile Data Messaging whitepaper year 2001 publisher Sag Harbor Group http www.skytel.com Skytel ReFLEX Two Way Paging Service Provider Mobile telecommunications standards Category Mobile technology Category Radio paging Wireless stub ... more details
For other uses of the term, see Reflex disambiguation . Infobox single Name The Reflex Artist Duran Duran Cover The Reflex.jpg Album Seven and the Ragged Tiger B side Make Me Smile Come Up and See Me small Live small br New Religion small Live small Released 16 April 1984 small Worldwide small br 21 ... Little br Alex Sadkin Last single New Moon on Monday br 1984 This single The Reflex br 1984 Next ... Type single Cover reflex7.jpg Lower caption US 7 sleeve The Reflex is the eleventh Single music single ... history The Reflex became the band s most successful single. It was their second single to top the UK ... jul04 articles classictracks.htm Classic Tracks The Reflex . Sound on Sound , July 2004. ref Music video The video for The Reflex was shot during the Sing Blue Silver tour at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto ... years 1984.html The Duran Duran Timeline 1984 ref The Reflex is primarily a concert ... tracks and remixes In addition to the 4.26 single remix, the 12 also included an extended remix of The Reflex ... 1 US Billboard Hot 100 Billboard Hot 100 align center 1 Track listing The Reflex was the second Duran Duran single to feature a personalised group catalogue number in the UK, DURAN 2 . 7 Single UK The Reflex 4 20 Make Me Smile Come Up and See Me live 4 54 12 Single UK The Reflex Dance Mix 6 35 The Reflex 7 version 4 20 Make Me Smile Come Up and See Me live 4 54 7 Single U.S. The Reflex Dance Mix edit 4 25 New Religion Live in L.A. 4 52 CD Part of Singles Box Set 1981 1985 boxset The Reflex 4 20 Make Me Smile Come Up and See Me live 4 54 The Reflex Dance Mix 6 35 Notes The edited Dance Mix is the same as the regular 7 version. Other appearances Apart from the single, The Reflex has also appeared ... When Doves Cry by Prince artist Prince s end Duran Duran DEFAULTSORT Reflex, The Category 1984 ... number one singles Category Music videos directed by Russell Mulcahy de The Reflex it The Reflex sv The Reflex ... more details
Multiple issues essay like September 2008 refimprove June 2007 context October 2009 The ciliospinal reflexpupillary skin reflex consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates increases in size 1 2mm from baseline . This reflex is absent in Horner s syndrome and lesions involving the cervical sympathetic fibers. References http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com ciliospinal reflex http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?ciliospinal reflex http jnsonline.org jns issues v90n4 pdf n0900644.pdf Category Reflexes ... more details
The H reflex or Hoffmann s reflex is a reflectory reaction of muscles after electrical stimulation of sensory fibers Ia afferent s stemming from muscle spindles in their innervating nerves for example, those located behind the knee . The H reflex test is performed using an electric stimulator, which gives usually a square wave current of short duration and small amplitude higher stimulations might involve Alpha motor neuron alpha fibers , causing an F wave, compromising the results , and an Electromyography EMG set, to record the muscle response. That response is usually a clear wave, called H wave, 28 35 ms after the stimulus, not to be confused with an F wave. An M wave, an early response, occurs 3 6 ms after the onset of stimulation. The H and F waves are later responses. As the stimulus ... and the H wave is maximal. H reflex is analogous to the mechanically induced spinal stretch reflex for example, knee jerk reflex . The primary difference between the H reflex and the spinal stretch reflex is that the H reflex bypasses the muscle spindle, and, therefore, is a valuable tool in assessing modulation of monosynaptic reflex activity in the spinal cord. ref cite journal title The Hoffmann Reflex Methodologic Considerations and Applications for Use in Sports Medicine and Athletic Training Research pmc 522151 ref Although stretch reflex gives just qualitative information about muscle ... subjects, H reflex should be used. In that case, in fact, latencies ms and amplitudes mV of H wave can be compared. After about 5 days in zero gravity , for instance in orbit around Earth, the h reflex ... the first day, but it can take up to 10 days to return to normal. The H reflex was the first medical ... elektrischen Erscheinungen. Arch Anat Physiol. 1910 1 223 246. ref See also Motor reflex Tendon reflex Achilles reflexPupillaryreflex Tonic vibration reflex References references External links MeshName H ReflexReflex DEFAULTSORT H Reflex Category Reflexes Category Neurophysiology de H Reflex ... more details
The menace reflex is one of three forms of blink reflex . It is the reflex blinking that occurs in response to the rapid approach of an object. ref name Adler1953 The reflex comprises blinking of the eyelids, in order to protect the eyes from potential damage, but may also including turning of the head, neck, or even the trunk away from the optical stimulus that triggers the reflex. ref name Slatter2001 Stimulating the menace reflex is used as a diagnostic procedure in veterinary medicine, in order to determine whether an animal s visual system, in particular the cortical nerve, has suffered from nerve damage. Cortical damage, particularly cerebellar lesions, can cause loss of the menace reflex whilst leaving the other blink reflexes, such as the dazzle reflex, unaffected. ref name PetersonTalcott ref name Adler1953 The presence or absence of the menace reflex, in combination with other reflexes, indicates a locus of damage. For examples An animal with polioencephalomalacia will lack the menace reflex, but will still have the pupillary light reflex. Polioencephalomacia damages the visual cortex, impairing the menace reflex, but leaves the optic nerve , oculomotor nucleus , and oculomotor nerve intact, leaving the pupillary light reflex unaffected. Contrastingly, an animal with ocular hypovitaminosis A will suffer from degeneration of the optic nerve, affecting both reflexes, and such an animal ... reflex has to be done with care. Waving an object close to an animal s eyes or face does not necessarily demonstrate a functioning menace reflex, in part because the animal can sense such objects and react to them via other senses than sight. Clinical testing of the menace reflex usually involves ... owners test their own animals for the presence of the menace reflex. ref name PetersonTalcott ref name Adler1953 The neural pathway of the menace reflex comprises the optic nerve optic II and facial ... cord and lower motor neuron es that innervate the head, neck, and body muscles affected by the reflex ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Image Eye dilate.gif thumb 250ppx right Pupillary response Task invoked pupillary response is the pupillary response caused by the cognitive load imposed to human and as a result of the decrease in parasympathetic activity in the peripheral nervous system . ref 1 Kramer, A. F., 1991. Physiological metrics of mental workload A review of recent progress. In Damos, D. L. ed. Multiple task Performance . London Taylor & Francis Ltd. ref It is found to linearly increase as the amount of task demands on working memory is increasing. Beatty, J. ref 2 Beatty, J., 1982, Task evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. Psychological Bulletin , 91, 276 292. ref evaluated task invoked pupillary response in different tasks for short term memory, language processing, reasoning, perception, sustained attention and selective attention and found it fulfils Kahneman s ref 3 Kahneman, D., 1973, Attention and effort , Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice hall. ref three criteria for indicating processing load, that is, it can reflect the difference of within task, between task and between individual in processing load. It is used as an indicator of cognitive load levels in psychophysiology research. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Task Invoked Pupillary Response Category Eye eye stub psychology stub ... more details
Reflex camera may refer to Single lens reflex camera Digital single lens reflex cameras Twin lens reflex camera disambig fr Appareil photographique reflex ko pl Lustrzanka pt C mera reflex ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Rkinch persistent pupillary membrane.jpg Caption Human eye with persistent pupillary membrane DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 H 21 4 h 15 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Persistent pupillary membrane PPM is a condition of the human eye eye involving remnants of a fetal membrane that persist as strands of tissue crossing the pupil . The pupillary membrane in mammal s exists in the fetus as a source of blood supply for the lens anatomy lens . It normally atrophies from the time of birth to the age of four to eight weeks. ref name Gelatt 1999 cite book author Gelatt, Kirk N. ed. title Veterinary Ophthalmology edition 3rd ed. publisher Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins year 1999 isbn 0 683 30076 8 ref PPM occurs when this atrophy is incomplete. It generally does not cause any symptoms. The strands can connect to the cornea or lens, but most commonly to other parts of the iris anatomy iris . Attachment to the cornea can cause small corneal opacities, while attachment to the lens can cause small cataract s. Using topical atropine to dilate the pupil may help break down PPMs. In dogs, PPM is inherited in the Basenji but can occur in other breeds such as the Pembroke Welsh Corgi , Chow Chow , English Mastiff Mastiff , and English Cocker Spaniel . ref name Gelatt 1999 It is also rarely seen in cat s, horse s, and cattle . References div class references small references div Category Dog diseases Category Disorders of iris and ciliary body eye stub Veterinary med stub Eye pathology pl Przetrwa a b ona renicza ... more details
A Reflex is an involuntary movement in response to a stimulus. To Reflex means to bend or curve backwards or downwards. Reflex may also refer to the following The Reflex , the eleventh single by Duran Duran, released worldwide on April 16, 1984. Reflex novel , by Steven Gould Reflex group , Russian girl group Re Flex , British new wave synthpop band perhaps best known for their 1983 hit, The Politics of Dancing Reflex Records ReFLEX , wireless protocol used for two way paging Borland Reflex , flat file database management system for DOS Reflex magazine , Czech weekly magazine Reflex sight, abbreviation for the Reflector sight In linguistics, a descendant word of a Linguistic reconstruction reconstructed form See also Reflex camera dab cs Reflex rozcestn k de Reflex Begriffskl rung fr Reflex nl Reflex ja no Refleks andre betydninger nds Reflex ru sv Reflex uk ... more details
File Photina Reflex IMG 5371 black.jpg thumb upright The Photina Reflex is a twin lens reflex of the 1950s, produced by Photavit . References unreferenced date March 2011 External links Commonscat Photina reflex http www.camerapedia.org wiki Photina Reflex Camerapedia Category TLR cameras ... more details
A reflex finder is a viewfinder system with a mirror placed behind a lens optics lens . The light passing through the lens is reflected by the mirror to a focusing screen , usually ground glass . The image formed on this ground glass can be observed directly, giving a waist level reflex finder, or through a redressing optical device set of mirrors or prism for eye level viewing, giving an eye level reflex finder . With a reflex finder, you can focus the image on the ground glass and frame your picture at the same time. It is common to find a device on the center of the ground glass to help precise focusing, for example a Split image focusing screen split image or a microprism device. Today s reflex cameras usually incorporate autofocusing . Reflex finders are found in Single lens reflex camera Single lens reflex SLR cameras, with one lens for both viewing and taking the picture Twin lens reflex camera Twin lens reflex TLR cameras, with one lens for viewing and one lens for taking the picture From Camerapedia Reflex finder Category Cameras ms Pantul tilik ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date October 2008 The Enterogastric reflex is one of three extrinsic reflexes of the Gastrointestinal Tract . The reflex is stimulated by the presence of acid levels in the duodenum at a pH of 3 4 or in the stomach at a pH of 1.5. Upon stimulation of the reflex, the release of gastrin from G cells in the antrum of the stomach is shut off. This in turn inhibits gastric motility and secretion of gastric acid HCl . In addition to the Enterogastric reflex, the other two extrinsic reflexes of the Gastrointestinal Tract include the Gastrocolic reflex and the Colonoileal reflex . Enterogastric reflex activation thus, causes decreased motility. Emptying inhibitory factors are Duodenal acidic pH, Duodenal distension, Duodenal hypertonicity, sympathetic stimulation, Intense pain Emptying stimulatory factors are Parasympathetic stimulation, Increased volume and fluidity of gastric contents. DEFAULTSORT Enterogastric Reflex Category Reflexes fi Enterogastrinen heijaste ... more details
ref www.gpaidsfhpasihf ref Tendon reflex or T reflex may refer to A stretch reflex , when the stretch ... dictionary.thefreedictionary.com tendon reflex TheFreeDictionary tendon reflex Citing Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 ref ref http dictionary.reference.com browse tendon reflex dictionary.com tendon reflex Citing Merriam Webster s Medical Dictionary, 2007 and The American ... visiting the doctor. ref http neuromuscular.wustl.edu mother reflex.html wustl.edu tendon reflex Citing wustl.edu. REFLEXES Tendon & Other. 2008. ref Deep tendon reflex also usually refers to this sense. A deep tendon reflex is often associated with muscle stretching. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com deep tendon reflex TheFreeDictionary.com deep tendon reflex Citing The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, 2007 and Mosby s Medical Dictionary, 8th edition, 2009 ref Tendon reflex ... be used to detect the presence of a neuromuscular disease. ref http www.enotes.com reflex tests reference reflex tests 172354 eNotes tendon reflex Citing Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health. 2002 ref The Golgi tendon reflex , motivated by that the sensory receptors for this reflex are anatomically located in the tendon, while the sensory receptors for the stretch reflex are actually inside the proper muscle. Testing To test the reflex, tap on the tendon. In a healthy individual the intensity ... are undamaged. ref Batavia , Mitchell, and Andrew McDonough. Demonstrating the Stretch Reflex .... 2011. ref Functions of Tendon Reflex The tendon reflex is a response to extensive tension on a tendon .... Dubuque McGraw Hill, 2012. Print.1 ref In sports, quick movements can damage the tendon before the reflex ... McGraw Hill, 2012. Print.1 ref The tendon reflex also helps spread the workload more evenly over ... reflist External links DorlandsDict seven 000091659 Tendon reflex MeshName Reflex, Tendon eMedicineDictionary Tendon reflex disambig Reflex Category Nervous system Category Neurophysiology Category ... more details
The stretch reflex myotatic reflex is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. It is a Reflex arc Monosynaptic vs. polysynaptic monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length. When a muscle lengthens, the muscle spindle is stretched and its .... The reflex functions to maintain the muscle at a constant length. Gamma motoneurons regulate how sensitive the stretch reflex is by tightening or relaxing the fibers within the spindle. There are Muscle ... to increase the reflex s sensitivity. For example, gamma co activation might keep the spindles taut ... shorter. Otherwise the spindles would become slack and the reflex would cease to function. This reflex has the shortest latency of all spinal reflexes including the Golgi tendon reflex and reflexes ... jerk reflex CN V Biceps reflex Biceps reflex C5 C6 Brachioradialis reflex Brachioradialis reflex C6 Extensor digitorum reflex Extensor digitorum reflex C6 C7 Triceps reflex Triceps reflex C7 C8 Patellar reflex Patellar reflex L2 L4 knee jerk Ankle jerk reflex Ankle jerk reflex S1 S2 Another example ... in the same muscle. A sudden stretch, such as tapping the Achilles tendon, causes a reflex contraction ... which then cause the muscle to contract this particular reflex causes a contraction in the soleus gastrocnemius group of muscles. Like the patellar reflex, this reflex can be enhanced by the Jendrassik ... can influence the stretch reflex via the gamma motoneurons, which as described above control the sensitivity of the reflex. Inhibitory signals arrive at gamma neurons through the lateral reticulospinal ... nucleus . Spinal control Withdrawer reflex Damping & Loading reflex Jendrassik manoeuvre Pathology The clasp knife response is a stretch reflex with a rapid decrease in resistance when attempting to flex ... Reflex Proprioception References reflist External links MeshName Reflex, Stretch DorlandsDict nine 000956433 Stretch reflexReflex Category Somatic motor system Category Neurophysiology Category Reflexes ... more details
Reflex Epilepsy also known as environmental epilepsy is the cognomen to seizure s which are generated by a person s acuteness to sensor stimulation caused by the Natural environment environment . Possibly the best known type of reflex epilepsy to the general public is photosensitive epilepsy . External links http www.ilae epilepsy.org Visitors Centre ctf reflex seizures.cfm Precipitating Stimuli for Reflex Seizures International League Against Epilepsy. Category Epilepsy Medicine stub he pl Padaczka odruchowa ... more details
Optocollic reflex is a gaze stabilization reflex that occurs in bird s in response to vestibular and visual perception visual Optokinetic reflex optokinetic inputs, and leads to head movements that compensate for passive displacements and rotations of the animal. The reflex seems to be more prominent when the bird is Flight flying or at least held in a flying position . The brain systems involved in the reflex are the nucleus of the basal optic roots , the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali , the vestibular nuclei , and the cerebellum ref cite journal author Gioanni H, Vidal PP title Possible cues driving context specific adaptation of optocollic reflex in pigeons Columba livia journal J. Neurophysiol. volume 107 issue 2 pages 704 17 year 2012 month January pmid 22049337 doi 10.1152 jn.00684.2011 url ref References Reflist Category Reflexes Category Animal physiology ... more details
The bulbocavernosus reflex or Osinski reflex ref http www.wheelessonline.com ortho bulbocavernosus reflex Bulbocavernosus Reflex Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics Bot generated title ref is a chemical synapse polysynaptic reflex that is useful in testing for spinal shock and gaining information about the state of spinal cord injuries SCI . The test involves monitoring anal sphincter contraction in response to squeezing the glans penis or tugging on an indwelling Foley catheter . ref http www.wheelessonline.com ortho bulbocavernosus reflex Bulbocavernosus Reflex Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics Bot generated title ref The reflex is spinal mediated and involves Sacral spinal nerve 2 S2 Sacral spinal nerve 4 S4 . The absence of the reflex without sacral spinal cord trauma indicates spinal shock. Typically this is one of the first reflexes to return after spinal shock. Lack of motor and sensory function after the reflex has returned indicates complete SCI. Absence of this reflex in instances where spinal shock is not suspected could indicate a lesion or injury of the conus medullaris or sacral nerve roots. Bulbocavernosus is an older term for bulbospongiosus, thus this reflex should be correctly called Bulbospongiosus reflex . This reflex can also be tested electrophysiologically, by stimulating the penis or vulva and recording from the anal sphincter. This test modality is used in intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring to verify function of sensory and motor sacral roots as well as the conus medullaris . ref cite journal last Vodusek first David B. authorlink coauthors Deletis, Vedran title Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring of the Sacral Nervous System journal Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery, a Modern Intraoperative Approach volume issue pages 153 165 publisher Academic Press location year 2002 url doi id accessdate ref References references DEFAULTSORT Bulbocavernosus Reflex Category Reflexes pl Odruch opuszkowo jamisty ... more details
Image Galant.jpg thumb Galant Reflex Galant reflex is a Primitive reflex newborn reflex . It is elicited by holding the newborn in ventral suspension face down and stroking along the one side of the Vertebral column spine . The normal reaction is for the newborn to lateral flexion laterally flex toward the stimulated side. This is one of the reflexes tested in newborns to help rule out brain damage at birth. See also Terms for anatomical location Anatomical terms of motion Primitive reflexes External links http www.fpnotebook.com NIC27.htm Newborn Reflexes fpnotebook.com http www.drhull.com EncyMaster R reflexes primitive.html Primitive reflexes drhull.com http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 3306.html Galant s reflex whonamedit.com Primitive reflexes med sign stub Category Reflexes Category Pediatrics it Riflesso spinale di Galant pl Odruch Galanta ... more details
The pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex is a reflex contraction of the back of the throat, ref name urlMedical Neurosciences cite web url http www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu virtualbrain BrainStem 09NA.html title Medical Neurosciences work accessdate ref evoked by touching the soft palate or sometimes the back of the tongue . It prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing and helps prevent choking . Different people have different sensitivities to the gag reflex. The afferent limb of the reflex is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve cranial nerve IX , which inputs to the nucleus solitarius and the spinal trigeminal nucleus , and the efferent nerve efferent limb is supplied by the vagus nerve cranial nerve X from the nucleus ambiguus . Absence of the gag reflex and pharyngeal sensation can be a symptom of a number of severe medical conditions, such as damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve , the vagus nerve , or brain death . However, in one study, one third of healthy people did not have a gag reflex, although pharyngeal sensation in these subjects remained intact. ref Pharyngeal sensation and gag reflex in healthy subjects. Davies, A., Kidd, D., Stone, S., MacMahon, J. 1995 . Lancet 345 487 488 ref Swallowing unusually large objects or placing objects in the back of the mouth may cause the pharyngeal reflex. Some people, for instance sword swallower s, have learned how to suppress it. In contrast, triggering the reflex is sometimes done intentionally to induce vomiting, for example by those who suffer from bulimia nervosa . References references External links Reflex Category Human throat Category Reflexes Category Vomiting digestive stub neuroscience stub de W rgreflex he ko it Riflesso faringeo pt Reflexo far ngeo simple Gag reflex ... more details
Brissaud s reflex is a medical sign clinical sign in which stroking the sole of the foot elicits contraction of Tensor fasciae latae tensor fascia lata . This can occur when there is no movement of the toes, and is part of the Plantar reflex extensor plantar response . The sign is named after douard Brissaud . External links WhoNamedIt synd 1322 Brissaud s reflex med stub Category Medical signs Category Reflexes ... more details
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