Refimprove date December 2009 Infobox language name Puquina region south shore of Lake Titicaca extinct 18th century familycolor American family unclassified iso3 puq Puquina is an extinct language once spoken by the ancient Inca in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca Per and Bolivia and in the north of what is now Chile . Remnants of Puquina can be found in the Quechua and Spanish languages spoken in the south of Per , mainly in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna. There also appear to be remnants in Callahuaya language Callahuaya Kolyawaya , which may be a mixed language mix of Quechua language Quechua and Puquina. Terrence Kaufman Kaufman 1990 finds this proposal plausible. Sometimes the term Puquina is wrongly used for Uru language Uru , which is completely different. Category Unclassified languages of South America Category Indigenous languages of the Andes Category Extinct languages of South America Category Languages of Peru Category Languages of Bolivia na lang stub br Puquinaeg cs Puquina de Puquina es Idioma puquina ko hr Puquina nl Puquina qu Pukina simi ru ... more details
Infobox district See Template Infobox district for additional fields and descriptions name Puquina native name native name lang es ISO 639 2 code e.g. es for Spanish settlement type Districts of Peru District image skyline image alt image caption image flag flag alt image shield shield alt nickname image map mapsize frameless map alt map caption Location of Puquina in the General S nchez Cerro Province General S nchez Cerro province latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW coor pinpoint coordinates type region PE type adm3rd coordinates display inline,title coordinates footnotes coordinates region PE subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name flag Peru subdivision type1 Regions of Peru Region subdivision name1 Moquegua Region Moquegua subdivision type2 Provinces of Peru Province subdivision name2 General S nchez Cerro Province General S nchez Cerro parts type Subnational entity Subdivisions parts style para p1 established title Founded established date seat type Capital city Capital seat Puquina leader party leader title Mayor leader name Misael Guzman Ale unit pref Metric or US or UK area footnotes area total km2 550.99 area note elevation footnotes elevation m 3084 population footnotes population total 3213 population as of Peru 2005 Census 2005 census population density km2 auto population note timezone1 Time in Peru PET utc offset1 5 blank name sec1 UBIGEO blank info sec1 180208 website footnotes Puquina District is one of eleven Districts of Peru districts of the province General S nchez Cerro Province General S nchez Cerro in Peru . ref es icon Instituto Nacional de Estad stica e Inform tica . http desa.inei.gob.pe mapas bid Banco de Informaci n Distrital . Retrieved April 11, 2008. ref References Reflist Districts of General S nchez Cerro Province coord missing Peru Moquegua geo stub ay Pukina jisk a t aqa suyu es Distrito de Puquina pt Puquina distrito qu Pukina distritu ... more details
Infobox language name Chimane nativename Tsiman region western Amazon states Bolivia speakers 5,320 date 2000 ethnicity Tsiman people Tsiman familycolor American fam1 Moseten Chonan languages Moseten Chonan ? iso3 cas dia3 Covendo Moset n dia2 Santa Ana Moset n dia1 Tsiman 90 Chiman Tsiman , also known as Moset n , is a language of the western Bolivian lowlands spoken by the Moset n people Moseten and Tsiman people Tsimane peoples along the Beni River . Sometimes classified as two languages, they reportedly have no trouble communicating Ethnologue 16 , and were evidently a single language separated recently through cultural contact Campbell 2000 . Classification Tsimane has no obvious relatives among the languages of South America. There is some lexicon shared with PuquinalanguagePuquina and the Uru Chipaya languages , but these appear to be borrowings. Morris Swadesh suggested a Moseten Chon languages Moseten Chon relationship, which Su rez provided evidence for in the 1970s, and with which Terrence Kaufman Kaufman 1990 is sympathetic. References cite book author Adelaar, Wilhem title The Languages of the Andes year 2004 publisher Cambridge University Press cite dissertation author Sakel, Jeanette title A Grammar of Moset n year 2003 publisher University of Nijmegen DEFAULTSORT Chimane language Category Language isolates of South America Category Languages of Bolivia na lang stub es Lenguas mosetenas fr Langues mosetenanes ... more details
On Language was a regular column in the weekly New York Times Magazine on the English language discussing popular etymology , new or unusual usages, and other language related topics. The inaugural column was published on February 18, 1979 and it was a regular popular feature. Many of the columns were collected in books. Columnist and journalist William Safire was one of the most frequent contributors from the inception of the column until Safire s death in 2009. He wrote the inaugural On Language column in 1979. ref http www.nytimes.com 2009 10 11 magazine 11FOB onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Maven, Nevermore about Safire s legacy ref starting it with the greeting How do you do. This is a new column about language. In more than 30 years, he contributed more than 1300 installments to the column. Safire was succeeded by Ben Zimmer , who wrote the column until its final edition on February 25, 2011. ref http www.nytimes.com 2011 02 27 magazine 27fob onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Future Tense ref About the cancellation of the column, the incoming editor of New York Times Magazine Hugo Lindgren explained this and other changes to the magazine It is mine now. I m in charge. We re going to be doing some significant redesign work, and have a newish magazine by the end of January. The big thing is, I want to create a kind of new identity for the front of the book section. That doesn t mean that everything s being tossed out. We re looking at everything and evaluating what sort of fits. ref http nymag.com daily intel 2010 11 new times magazine editor hugo.html New York Magazine New Times Magazine Editor Hugo Lindgren on His Plans Big Subjects, More T, and the End of The Way We Live Now ref References Reflist External links http topics.nytimes.com topics features magazine columns on language index.html A collection of On Language columns published in The New York Times DEFAULTSORT On Language Category English language Category The New York ... more details
About the properties of language in general other uses Language disambiguation File Lakhovsky Conversation.jpg ... Cuneiform is one of the first known forms of written language , but spoken language is believed to predate writing by tens of thousands of years at least. Language may refer either to the specifically ... of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses ... salient examples, but natural language s can also be based on visual rather than auditory stimulus physiology stimuli , for example in sign language s and written language . Code s and other kinds of constructed language artificially constructed communication systems such as those used for programming language computer programming can also be called languages. A language in this sense is a system ... ultimately from Latin lingua , language, tongue , via Old French . ref name AHD cite encyclopedia title language encyclopedia The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language edition 3rd year 1992 location Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin Company ref When used as a general concept, language .... Language as a communication system is thought to be fundamentally different from and of much ... a finite number of elements. Language is thought to have originated when early hominids first started ... with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative functions. Language is neurolinguistics processed in many ... Wernicke s area s. Humans language acquisition acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently when they are around three years old. The use of language ... identity , social stratification and for social grooming and entertainment . The word language ... from sequences of words. Languages language change evolve and diversify over time, and the history ... of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The languages ... more details
Infobox language name To nativename states Cameroon , Central African Republic ethnicity speakers none date NA ref e16 familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Mbum Day languages Mbum Day fam4 Mbum languages Mbum fam5 unclassified iso3 toz To is an unclassified Mbum languages Mbum language of northern Cameroon and the Central African Republic . It is only used as a second language , as the secret male initiation language of the Gbaya people Gbaya . References reflist Category Languages of Cameroon Category Adamawa languages Category Initiation languages Cameroon stub ... more details
Infobox Language name Are states Papua New Guinea region Milne Bay Province , tip of Cape Vogel speakers 1,230 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western fam5 Papuan Tip languages Papuan Tip fam6 Kilivila nowrap Nuclear Papuan Tip fam7 Are Taupota languages Are Taupota fam8 Are languages Are iso3 mwc The Are language is an Austronesian language of the eastern Papua New Guinea n mainland, It s spoken by about 1,230 people. External links ethnologue mwc Category Nuclear Papuan Tip languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea PapuaNewGuinea stub au lang stub fr Are langue hr Are jezik is Are ... more details
Infobox language name Then states CHN region Pingtang County , southern Guizhou speakers 15,000 date 1999 ethnicity familycolor Tai Kadai fam2 Kam Sui languages Kam Sui iso3 tct The Then language also known as Y nghu ng in Chinese alternate spellings T en and Ten is a Kam Sui language spoken in Pingtang County , southern Guizhou . Phonology Yanghuang has 71 consonants total, including those with secondary articulation s. There are a total of 71 rhymes, 9 vowels, and 8 codas Bo 1997 . References Reflist Bo, Wenze. 1997. Yanghuang yu yan jiu A Study of Yanghuang Then . Beijing Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she. External links http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian language.php?id 719 Then word list from the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Tai Kadai languages Category Languages of China Category Kam Sui languages tk lang stub fr T en ... more details
Infobox language name Kallawaya nativename states Bolivia speakers none date 1995 speakers2 10 20 as 2nd language familycolor mixed fam2 Quechua language Quechua PuquinalanguagePuquina iso3 caw Kallawaya , also Callahuaya or Callawalla is an Endangered language endangered , secret, mixed language in Bolivia . It is spoken by the Kallawaya people , a group of traditional itinerant healers in the Andes in their medicinal healing practice. Kallawaya is a mixed language. The grammar is partially Quechua language Quechua in morphology, but most of its words are from either unknown sources or from an otherwise extinct language family, Pukina language Pukina . Pukina was abandoned in favor of Quechua, Aymara language Aymara , and Spanish language Spanish . ref name Advances cite web url http 52ica.etnolinguistica.org adelaar title The Puquina and Leko languages accessdate 2007 09 19 author Willem Adelaar coauthors Simon van de Kerke work Symposium Advances in Native South American Historical Linguistics, July 17 18, 2006, at the 52nd International Congress of Americanists , Seville, Spain ref Kallawaya is also a secret language, passed only by father to son, or grandfather to grandson, or rarely, to daughters if a practitioner has no sons. It is not used in normal family dialogue. Although ... kallawaya.html title The Kallawaya Language Project accessdate 2007 09 19 format online ref Kallawaya ... two linguists attempted to Language documentation document several moribund language s. ref name ... MUSEF, 1991. Spanish language Bastien, JW. 1989. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?cmd Retrieve&db ... el idioma secreto de los incas diccionario . La Paz, Bolivia? UNICEF, 1989. Spanish language Oblitas Poblete, Enrique, and Jan Szemi ski. Lexico Kallawaya . S.l Bet Xemex?, 1994. Spanish language div References reflist External links http www.livingtongues.org kallawaya.html Kallawaya language project and photos of language speakers http www.itsmarc.com crs lang0135.htm Other ways to spell Kallawaya ... more details
Infobox language name Chipaya nativename Puquina region Bolivian Andes speakers 1200 date 1995 ethnicity familycolor American fam1 Uru Chipaya languages Uru Chipaya iso3 cap notice IPA Chipaya is a native South American language of the Uru Chipaya language family. The only other language in the grouping, Uru language Uru , is considered by some to be a divergent dialect of Chipaya. Ethnologue lists the language vitality as vigorous, with 1200 speakers out of an ethnic population of around 1800. Chipaya has been influenced considerably by Aymara language Aymara , Quechua languages Quechua , and more recently, Spanish language Spanish , with a third of its vocabulary having been replaced by those languages. The Chipayan language is spoken in the area south of Lake Titicaca along the Desaguadero River Bolivia Desaguadero River in the mountains of Bolivia and mainly in the town of Santa Ana de Chipaya located in the Atahuallpa Province of the Bolivian department of Oruro Department Oruro north of Lago Coipasa Coipasa Salt Flats . Native speakers generally refer to it as Puquina or Uchun Maa Taqu our mother language , but is not the same as the extinct Puquinalanguage . Uru Chipaya as the language is commonly referred to, at least when referencing an aspect the dialects languages have in common is an agglutinating language, but has features uncommon to most language of this type, according to preliminary research by the organization DOBES . Phonology Consonants class wikitable align center rowspan 2 colspan 2 rowspan 2 Bilabial consonant Bilabial rowspan 2 Alveolar consonant Alveolar rowspan 2 Postalveolar consonant Post br alveolar rowspan 2 Palatal consonant Palatal colspan 2 Velar consonant Velar colspan 2 Uvular consonant Uvular align center small plain small small ... chipaya DoBeS Chipaya Language DEFAULTSORT Chipaya Language Category Indigenous languages of the Andes ... chipaya fr Puquina gl Lingua chipaia pms Lenga chipaya qu Chipaya simi ru ... more details
extinct. PuquinalanguagePuquina Extinct Was spoken in Bolivia . Puquina words survive in the Callahuaya ...Refimprove date August 2008 A language isolate , in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable ... demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. They are in effect language family language families consisting of a single language. Commonly cited examples include Basque language Basque , Ainu language Ainu and Burushaski language Burushaski , though in each case a minority of linguists claim to have demonstrated a relationship with other languages. With context, a language isolate may be understood to be relatively isolated. For instance, Albanian language Albanian , Armenian language Armenian and Greek language Greek ref Pyles, T. & Algeo, J. 1993 . The Origins and development of the English language. Fort Worth. Jovanovich ref are commonly called Indo European ... of their own. Similarly, within the Romance languages, Sardinian language Sardinian is a relative ... have become isolates after all their known relatives became extinct. The Pirah language of Brazil ... Basque language Basque , have been isolates for as long as their existence has been documented. The opposite ... Japanese dialects , such as Okinawan language Okinawan , were distinct languages. Language isolates may be seen as a special case of unclassified language s, that remain unclassified even after extensive efforts. If such efforts eventually do prove fruitful, a language previously considered an isolate may no longer be considered one, as happened with the Yanyuwa language of northern Australia , which ... agree on whether a genetic relationship has been demonstrated, it is often disputed whether a language ... in the world today into a relatively small number of language family families , according to reconstructed descent from common ancestral languages. For example, English language English is related to other Indo European languages and Mandarin language Mandarin is related to other Sino Tibetan languages ... more details
So language may refer to So language Democratic Republic of Congo , a Bantu language S language , a Katuic language Mon Khmer of Laos and Thailand Swo language , a Bantu language of Cameroon disambiguation ... more details
Boro language may refer to Bodo language , a Tibeto Burman language spoken in India, official language of Assam state Boro language Ghana , an extinct and unclassified language of Ghana Boro language Ethiopia , an Omotic language of Ethiopia disambig ko ... more details
saved book title Language subtitle cover image cover color White Language Overview Language Origin of language Core topics Alphabet Communication Dialect Expression language Expression Semiotics Speech Sublanguage Universal grammar Vocabulary Study of language Linguistics Historical linguistics Logos Philology Philosophy of language Types of languages Animal language Alien language Constructed language Controlled natural language Extinct language Formal language International auxiliary languageLanguage family Mathematics as a language Natural language Programming language Second language Sign language Visual language Whistled language Miscellany Cultural emphasis Information and media literacy Language preservation Language production Linguistic competence Linguistic performance Speech production Speech repetition World languages Indo European languages English language Languages of Spain Spanish languages Russian language Hindi Hindi language Swedish language Latin Latin language Bengali language Portuguese language Japanese language Hebrew language Arabic language Standard Mandarin Less commonly taught languages Tamil language Nafaanra language Turkish language Wagiman language Mongolian language Indigenous languages of the Americas Greenlandic language Ottawa language Mayan languages Nahuatl Otomi language ... more details
wiktionary target language Target language may refer to Target language, in applied linguistics and language education, the language which a person is learning, also called second language Target language, in translation , the language to which a source text is translated Target language, in computer science, the computer language that a compiler translates into source code See also Source language disambig Category Language acquisition Category Language education Category Translation Category Compilers mk zh ... more details
Lele is the name of four different languages Lele language Chad , an Afro Asiatic language Lele language Democratic Republic of the Congo , a Bantu language Lele language Guinea , a Mande language Lele language Papua New Guinea , an Austronesian language The Ly l language of Burkina Faso also goes by the form Lele . disambig ... more details
Han language may refer to H n language , an endangered Native American language spoken in Eagle, Alaska and Dawson City, Yukon. Chinese language See also Han disambiguation Language disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
selfref For the Wikipedia language recognition chart, see Wikipedia Language recognition chart Language recognition may refer to Language identification Natural language understanding Speech recognition disambiguation ... more details
Language reconstruction can refer to Linguistic reconstruction , establishing the features of a prehistoric language by the methods of historical linguistics historical and comparative linguistics Linguistic purism in an existing languageLanguage revival of an extinct language disambig ... more details
Koibal language may refer to The Koybal dialect of the Khakas language , a modern Turkic language. Koibal language Samoyedic , an extinct Samoyedic language. disambig ... more details
Male language is the name of two unrelated languages Male language Ethiopia , an Omotic language spoken in southern Ethiopia and Male language Papua New Guinea , a Madang language disambig ... more details
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