Purelyfunctional is a term in computing used to describe algorithm s, data structure s or programming language s that exclude destructive modifications updates . According to this restriction, Variable programming variables are used in a mathematical sense, with identifiers referring to immutable, persistent values. Benefits and applications The persistence property of purelyfunctional data structures can be advantageous in the development of many applications that deal with multiple versions of an object. For example, consider a comprehensive web based thesaurus service that uses a large red black tree to store its list of synonym relationships, and that allows each user to add their own custom words to their personal thesaurus. One way to do this is to make a copy of the tree for each user, and then add their custom words to it however, this duplication is wasteful, both of space and of time. A better approach is to store the words in an immutable and therefore purelyfunctional red black tree. Then, one can simply take the original version and produce a new tree based on it for each set of custom words. Because these new trees share large amounts of structure with the main tree, the space overhead for each additional user is at most math 2 k log 2 n math , where math k math is the number of custom nodes. With a mutable red black tree, this approach would not work, since changes ... transparency computer science referential transparency of functional data structures tends to make purelyfunctional computation more amenable to analysis and optimization, both formal and informal ... functional programming Monads , a programming structure to represent State computer science state in a purelyfunctional way Bibliography Purelyfunctional data structures by Chris Okasaki , Cambridge ... PurelyFunctional Data Structures thesis by Chris Okasaki PDF format http www.cs.cmu.edu sleator ... fall 2005 Advanced Algorithms Category Functional programming Category Functional data structures cs ... more details
Infobox Film name Purely Belter image caption director Mark Herman producer Elizabeth Karlsen writer Mark Herman , Jonathan Tulloch narrator starring Chris Beattie, Greg McLane, Tim Healy actor Tim Healy , Charlie Hardwick Ross Strong music Ian Broudie , Michael Gibbs cinematography Andy Collins editing Michael Ellis distributor released 2000 runtime 99 minutes country United Kingdom language English language English budget preceded by followed by Purely Belter is a 2000 in film 2000 Cinema of the United Kingdom British comedy film comedy drama film directed by Mark Herman about two teenager s Chris Beattie and Greg McLane trying to get money, by any means necessary, in order to get season ticket s for home games played by the FA Premier League football soccer football team Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United . It is based on the novel The Season Ticket by Jonathan Tulloch . Other actors in the movie include Roy Hudd , Charlie Hardwick , Tim Healy actor Tim Healy , Kerry Ann Christiansen and Kevin Whately . There is also a cameo appearance by footballer Alan Shearer , whose car the boys steal. Title The title is a Geordie dialect expression. Pure or Purely simply means very, and Belter or Belta means great or good. Despite it being based in Newcastle Upon Tyne and following Newcastle United F.C , the actors playing Gerry and Sewell are from Sunderland, Tyne and Wear Sunderland and the phrase Purely Belter as spoken in the film has a Mackem Sunderland dialect aspect. The phrase is spoken several times in the film, first by Sewell when he and Gerry go skinny dipping after stealing Shearer s car and later when they dream of the freedom they will have when they get money. Plot ... Purely Belter.html Purely Belter, Mail on Sunday . ref The Encyclopedia of Sports Films sees the film ... imdb title id 0246875 title Purely Belter Mark Herman CinemaoftheUK Category 2000 films Category ... fr Newcastle Boys fi Purely Belter sv Purely Belter ... more details
wiktionarypar functional Generally, functional refers to something able to fulfill its purpose or function. Functionalism architecture Functionalism and Functional form , movements in architecture architectural design Functional group , certain atomic combinations that occur in various molecules, e.g. carbonyl, amine Functional symptom , sometimes used in medicine to describe symptoms that have no current visible organic basis Functional classification , a classification system for roads in the United States. In mathematics and computer science Functional mathematics , a term applied to certain scalar valued functions in mathematics and computer science . Functional analysis Linear functional , a type of functional often simply called a functional in the context of functional analysis In an ontology information science ontology , functional is a property or relation that can only hold a single value for a given individual Functional programming , a programming paradigm based on mathematical functions rather than changes in variable states In software engineering Functional design , a paradigm used to simplify the design of hardware and software devices Functional model , a structured representation of functions, activities or processes in systems and software engineering See also Function disambiguation Functionalism disambiguation Functional group disambiguation Functional grammar disambiguation disambig ru ... more details
ref While those without Purely Obsessional OCD might instinctively respond to bizarre intrusive thoughts or impulses as insignificant and part of a normal variance in the human mind, someone with Purely ... Publishing, includes Purely Obsessional OCD in its definition of O.C.D. ref Common intrusive ... rocd ref Diagnosis and treatment Refimprove date January 2011 Those suffering from Purely Obsessional ... and does not include observable, compulsive behaviors. Clinical success is reached when the Purely ... consequence of therapists treating Purely Obsessional OCD as generalized anxiety disorder ... treatment for Purely Obsessional OCD appears to be Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . ref name Concepts ..., 2003 Obsessive compulsive disorder DEFAULTSORT Purely Obsessional Ocd Category Anxiety disorders ... more details
and functional illiteracy . Illiterate Purely illiterate persons cannot read or write in any ...Cleanup date May 2010 Reading Functional illiteracy is a term used to describe reading activity reading and writing skills that are inadequate to manage daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level. ref Schlechty, Phillip C. http catdir.loc.gov catdir samples wiley031 00009570.pdf Shaking Up the Schoolhouse How to Support and Sustain Educational Innovation , from the Library of Congress website. ref Functional illiteracy is contrasted with illiterate illiteracy ... illiterate. Characteristics Unreferenced section date August 2009 Functional illiteracy is imprecisely .... 1987 http unesdoc.unesco.org images 0007 000770 077067eo.pdf Functional Illiteracy and Literacy ... of functional illiteracy vary from one culture to another, as some cultures require better ... literate in a rural area of a developing country might qualify as functional illiteracy in an urban area of a technologically advanced country. In languages with regular spelling, functional ... of functional literacy of an individual is proportional to income level and risk of committing ... having achieved a basic level in functional mathematics, and 42 fail to achieve a basic level of functional ... Report used the percentage of people lacking functional literacy skills as one of the variables ... , UNDP . ref class wikitable style text align right Country People lacking br functional literacy ... run into billions of dollars a year due to low productivity, errors, and accidents attributed to functional ... of functional illiteracy among their adult populations tend to be those with the highest levels of scientific ... is the capacity of schools to ensure students attain the functional literacy required to comprehend ... May 2006 ref See also Aliteracy Functional English Health literacy Literacy Postliterate society ... Functional Illiteracy Category Knowledge Category Socioeconomics Category Reading Category Sociolinguistics ... more details
of a program, which is one of the key motivations for the development of functional programming. ref name hudak1989 Functional programming languages, especially purelyfunctional ones such as the pioneering ... operator partially applied to the natural number one. Pure functions Purelyfunctional functions or expressions ... efficient general purpose immutable counterparts. For purelyfunctional languages, the worst case ... by a purelyfunctional data structure with logarithmic access time such as a balanced tree . ref ... , functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of function ... Paul Hudak title Conception, evolution, and application of functional programming languages journal ... 10.1145 72551.72554 ref Functional programming has its roots in lambda calculus , a formal system developed ... functional programming language s can be viewed as elaborations on the lambda calculus. ref name hudak1989 ... values at different times depending on the state of the executing program. Conversely, in functional ... in commercial software development. However, prominent functional programming languages such as Common ... variety of organizations. Functional programming is also supported in some domain specific programming ... of functional programming, especially in eschewing mutable values. ref name Chamberlin Boyce Programming in a functional style can also be accomplished in languages that aren t specifically designed for functional programming. For example, the imperative Perl programming language has been the subject of a book describing how to apply functional programming concepts. ref cite book last Dominus ... 2005 isbn 1558607013 ref C Sharp programming language C 3.0 added constructs to facilitate the functional ..., it forms the basis of almost all functional programming languages today. An equivalent theoretical ... year 1958 ref An early functional flavored language was Lisp programming language Lisp , developed by John ... doi 10.1145 800025.808387 ref Lisp introduced many features now found in functional languages ... more details
Functional diversity is a politically and socially correct term for special needs , disability , impairment and handicap , which began to be used in Spain in scientific writing, at the initiative of those directly affected, in 2005. ref cite paper title Functional diversity, a new term in the struggle for dignity in the diversity of the human being author Javier Roma ach and Manuel Lobato work Independent Living Forum Spain &mdash May 2005 format PDF url http www.leeds.ac.uk disability studies archiveuk zavier Functional 20Diversity 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 fv 20Roma F1ach.pdf ref This term is intended to replace other ones with pejorative semantics. It proposes a shift towards non negative, non disparaging and non patronizing terms. The formal justification of the term can be found in the book El Modelo de la Diversidad by Agustina Palacios and Javier Roma ach, 2007, ISBN 978 84 964 7440. Examples of usage people with functional diversity instead of people with special needs physical functional diversity mobility functional diversity , person who uses a wheelchair , wheelchair user motor functional diversity dexterity functional diversity visual functional diversity , people who use screen readers as their primary means of accessing a computer people with a visual processing functional diversity auditory functional diversity mental functional diversity intellectual functional diversity cognitive functional diversity organic functional diversity circumstantial and or temporary functional diversity person with a functional diversity persons without functional diversity rather than normal or healthy people without functional diversity , typically developing children References reflist Further reading cite journal journal Disabil Rehabil. date 2007 Oct 30&ndash Nov 15 volume 29 issue 20&ndash 21 pages 1625&ndash 1633 title Constructive Functional Diversity a new paradigm beyond disability and impairment. author Patston P. pmid 17896220 doi 10.1080 09638280701618778 ... more details
A functional compiler is a compiler for a functional programming language . Functional compilers perform such transformation on source code which transform it to continuation passing style or administrative normal form and need to handle tail call s correctly. Further reading Simon Peyton Jones 1987 . http research.microsoft.com en us um people simonpj papers slpj book 1987 index.htm The Implementation of Functional Programming Languages R. Douence and P. Fradet. A systematic study of functional language implementations . ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 20 2 344 387, March 1998. Several proceedings on Implementation of functional languages in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. External links http scheme2006.cs.uchicago.edu 11 ghuloum.pdf An Incremental Approach to Compiler Construction compsci stub Category Implementation of functional programming languages ... more details
Functional grammar may refer to Functional theories of grammar , a range of functionally based approaches to linguistics Functional discourse grammar , grammar models developed by Simon C. Dik that explain how utterances are shaped based on the goals of language users Systemic functional grammar , a grammatical description developed by Michael Halliday Danish functional linguistics , a strand of functional linguistics associated with linguists at the University of Copenhagen Lexical functional grammar , a variety of generative grammar initiated by Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan. Role and reference grammar , a model of grammar developed by William Foley and Robert Van Valin, Jr. disambig nl Functionele grammatica ... more details
In software engineering , a functional requirement defines a function of a software system or its component ... software . Functional requirements may be calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing ... requirements describing all the cases where the system uses the functional requirements are captured in use cases . Functional requirements are supported by Non Functional Requirements non functional ... such as performance requirements, security, or reliability . Generally, functional requirements are expressed in the form system must do requirement , while non functional requirements are system shall be requirement . The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design . The plan for implementing non functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture . As defined in requirements analysis requirements engineering , functional requirements specify particular results of a system. This should be contrasted with Non Functional Requirements non functional requirements which specify overall characteristics such as cost and Reliability engineering reliability . Functional requirements drive the application architecture of a system, while non functional requirements drive the technical architecture of a system. In some cases a requirements analyst generates use case s after gathering and validating a set of functional requirements. The hierarchy of functional requirements is user stakeholder request feature use case business rule. Each use case illustrates behavioral scenarios through one or more functional requirements. Often, though, an analyst will begin by eliciting a set of use case s, from which the analyst can derive the functional ... The concept of functional and non functional requirements was first presented in 1982 at the Computer Software and Application conference COMPSAC in 1982 by R.T. Yeh. Functional requirements are also ... issues in requirements engineering in which he addresses attributes of a functional requirement. Process ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Orphan date February 2009 A functional manager is a person who has management authority over an organizational unit such as a department within a business, company, or other organization. Functional managers have ongoing responsibilities, and are not usually directly affiliated with project teams, other than ensuring that goals and objectives are aligned with the organization s overall strategy and vision. In both traditional and matrix organizations, the control of the resources is centered around the functional managers ref Seet, Daniel. http www.pmhut.com power the functional manager meat and project manager poison Power The Functional Manager s Meat and Project Manager s Poison? , PM Hut , February 6, 2009. Retrieved on March 2, 2010. ref , essentially putting project managers at a disadvantage when bargaining about staffing arrangements. Additionally, in such organizations, Project manager s usually report to functional managers, who report to senior management. References reflist Category Management occupations Business stub ... more details
Functional agonist may refer to functional selectivity Physiological agonism and antagonism Physiological agonism disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
refimprove date December 2008 Energy functional is total energy physics energy of a certain system, as a functional function of the system s Classical mechanics state . In the energy principles in structural mechanics energy methods of simulating the dynamics of complex structures, a state of the system is often described as an element of an appropriate function space . To be in this state, the system pays a certain cost in terms of energy required by the state. This energy is a scalar quantity, a function of the state, hence the term functional . The system tends to develop from the state with higher energy higher cost to the state with lower energy, thus local minima of this functional are usually related to the stable stationary states. Studying such states is part of the optimization mathematics optimization problems , where the terms energy functional or cost functional are often used to describe the objective function. Examples In Hamiltonian system s, the energy functional is given by the Hamiltonian mechanics hamiltonian . See also Action physics Density functional theory Hamilton s principle History of variational principles in physics Potential well External links http en.wikiversity.org wiki Energy methods in elasticity Energy methods in elasticity , Wikiversity . Category Energy in physics physics stub ... more details
them. Outside of purely mathematical considerations, perhaps the greatest value of functional decomposition is the insight it provides into the structure of the world. When a functional decomposition ...Functional decomposition refers broadly to the process of resolving a Function mathematics functional relationship into its constituent parts in such a way that the original function can be reconstructed i.e., recomposed from those parts by function composition . In general, this process of decomposition is undertaken either for the purpose of gaining insight into the identity of the constituent components which may reflect individual physical processes of interest, for example , or for the purpose ... 1,x 2, dots,x n math , functional decomposition generally refers to a process of identifying a set ... of this kind are interesting and important for a wide variety of reasons. In general, functional ... case. Philosophical considerations The philosophical antecedents and ramifications of functional decomposition are quite broad, as functional decomposition in one guise or another underlies all of modern ... of functional decomposition are found in Bayesian networks , structural equation modeling , linear systems , and database systems . Knowledge representation Processes related to functional decomposition ... process in the presence of noise that is, where functional dependencies are only expected ... applications, it is almost never possible to achieve perfect functional decomposition because .... However, while perfect functional decomposition is usually impossible, the spirit lives on in a large ..., functional decomposition has a prominent role in computer programming , where a major goal ... by some prominent practitioners. Expand section date August 2007 Signal processing Functional ... are the Fourier series and the Fourier transform . Systems engineering Functional decomposition ... Conference on Machine Learning publisher Morgan Kaufmann pages 421 429 div DEFAULTSORT Functional Decomposition ... more details
In mathematics , and particularly in functional analysis , a functional is a map mathematics map from a vector space into its underlying scalar Field mathematics field . In other words, it is a function that takes a vector as its input argument, and returns a Scalar mathematics scalar . Commonly the vector space is a space of functions, thus the functional takes a function for its input argument, then it is sometimes considered a function of a function . Its use originates in the calculus of variations where one searches for a function that minimizes a certain functional. A particularly important application in physics is searching for a state of a system that minimizes the energy functional . Transformations of functions is a rather more general concept, see Operator mathematics . Examples Duality Observe that the mapping math x 0 mapsto f x 0 math is a function, here math x 0 math is an Argument ... to the value of the function at a point math f mapsto f x 0 math is a functional , here math x ... scalar field, the above linear maps are Duality mathematics dual to each other, and in functional analysis both are called linear functional s. Definite integral Integral s such as math f mapsto ... math , called the null space or kernel of math X math . Functional equation Main Functional equation The traditional usage also applies when one talks about a functional equation, meaning an equation ... unknowns, like when it is said that an additive function math f math is one satisfying the functional equation math f left x y right f left x right f left y right math . Functional derivative and functional integration Functional derivative s are used in Lagrangian mechanics . They are derivatives of functionals i.e. they carry information on how a functional changes, when the function changes by a small amount. See also calculus of variations . Richard Feynman used Functional integration functional ... Linear functional Optimization mathematics Tensor References MathWorld title Functional urlname Functional ... more details
unreferenced date May 2010 Functional ecology is the branch of Ecology disciplines ecology that focuses on the roles, or functions, that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. In this approach, physiological, anatomical, and life history characteristics of the species are emphasized. It represents the true crossroads between ecological patterns and the processes and mechanisms that underlie them. Functional ecology sits at the nexus of several disparate disciplines and serves as the unifying principle between evolutionary biology , genetics and genomics , and traditional ecological studies. Journals The scientific journal Functional Ecology journal Functional Ecology is published by the British Ecological Society since 1987. See also portalbox Ecology Biology Environment modelling ecosystems expanded other Category Ecology Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
cleanup date May 2012 No footnotes date May 2012 Functional Skills are qualifications that have been developed by the UK Government as part of an initiative to improve the country s literacy , numeracy and Information and communication technologies ICT skills. They are replacing Key Skills Level 1 and 2 qualifications from September 2012 in the short term Entry Level Key Skills will remain as there is no current replacement this is still in review. Functional skills qualifications are now integral in GCSEs in English, mathematics and ICT and are included in key stage 3 and key stage 4 programmes of study. Diplomas A component in all apprenticeship frameworks Key Skills will be still be available for registration until 31st August 2012. Functional Skills are also available as stand alone qualifications. A three year Functional Skills pilot ended on August 31, 2010. All pilot qualifications have been withdrawn and the new accredited functional skills qualifications are now available for all ... conditions at the centre. Functional Skills English Speaking and Listening components will be internally assessed but externally moderated. In Functional Skills Mathematics assessments, candidates at all levels are allowed the use of a calculator. Functional Skills ICT assessments will require use of a computer with internet access. Although the delivery of Functional Skills should be embedded into all ... unless the qualification has been achieved previously, there is no direct replacement. Functional .... Functional Skills English assessments will consist of speaking and listening, reading and writing ... of spelling and grammar and presentation skills. Functional Skills ICT assessments will consist of tasks demanding independent use of all forms of ICT problem solving, research and interpretation. Functional ... 02 24 promoting the positive in functional skills http www.teachingtimes.com articles functional skills.htm http www.usethekey.org.uk curriculum and learning secondary and further 14 19 information on functional ... more details
unreferenced date January 2012 For other uses of analog, see Analog disambiguation . Functional analogs functional analogues , are chemical compound compounds that have similar physics physical , chemistry chemical , biochemistry biochemical , or pharmacology pharmacological properties. An example of a functional analog and structural analog is morphine and heroin . Functional analogs are not necessarily also structural analog s with a similar chemical structure . Examples are classes of drug s that have a similar mechanism of action. See also Structural analog , compounds with similar chemical structure Category Chemical nomenclature de Analogon Chemie sr Funkcijski analog ... more details
Conceptdab A functional constituency is an electoral device used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China Special Administrative Region s of the People s Republic of China Functional constituency Hong Kong a group of professional within the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Functional constituency Macau a political group in Macau. Taiwan Functional or professional constituencies were also used in elections in Taiwan before the democratic reforms of the 1990s. See for example zh 1 3 , an election in Taiwan for members of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China . PRC stub ... more details
Infobox Journal discipline Materials Science abbreviation Funct. Mater. website http www.isc.kharkov.com journal index.html publisher Institute for Single Crystals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine country Ukraine history 1994 present ISSN 1027 5495 Functional Materials ISSN 1027 5495, title abbreviation Funct. Mater. is a peer reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute for Single Crystals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ref official web site of the journal Functional Materials http www.isc.kharkov.com journal index.html ref ref official web site of the Institute for Single Crystals Kharkov, Ukraine http www.isc.kharkov.com english ref . The journal was founded in 1994 and highlights the fundamental and applied research of organic and non organic functional materials. It is issued in English 4 times a year. Functional Materials has been included in the list of scientific journals recognized by the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine Ukrainian BAK ref official web site of the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine http www.vak.org.ua ref . The official web site of the journal Functional Materials can be accessed through the following link http www.isc.kharkov.com journal index.html br The journal topics include structure, phase transformations and properties of single crystals, ceramics, composites, nanocrystals, amorphous solids, liquid crystals, polymers, thin films, and low dimensional systems ways of creating new functional materials with preset properties modern methods of material research application of functional materials in modern technologies. References reflist Category Materials science journals ... more details
for functional testing in manufacturing Functional Testing Manufacturing Wikify date December 2010 Refimprove date December 2010 Functional testing is a type of black box testing that bases its test cases on the specifications of the software component under test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the output, and internal program structure is rarely considered not like in white box testing . ref name KanerFalkNguyen1999 Kaner, Falk, Nguyen. Testing Computer Software . Wiley Computer Publishing, 1999, p. 42. ISBN 0 471 35846 0. ref Functional testing differs from system testing in that functional testing verif ies a program by checking it against ... design document s or specification s , while system testing validate s a program by checking it against the published user or system requirements Kaner, Falk, Nguyen 1999, p. 52 . Functional testing typically involves five steps Citation needed date December 2010 The identification of functions that the software is expected to perform The creation of input data based on the function s specifications The determination of output based on the function s specifications The execution of the test case The comparison of actual and expected outputs See also Non functional testing Acceptance testing Regression testing System testing Software testing Integration testing Unit testing References reflist External links http www.corelis.com blog index.php blog 2011 01 10 jtag for functional test without boundary scan JTAG for Functional Test without Boundary scan DEFAULTSORT Functional Testing Category Software testing Compu stub ru ... more details
Functional movements are movements based on real world situational biomechanics . They usually involve multi Anatomical terms of location Planes planar , multi joint movements which place demand on the body s Core anatomy core musculature and innervation . Functional vs other movements Sports specific Sports specific movements, such as a tennis swing or bowling cricket bowling a cricket ball , are based on sports specific situations. While there is some cross over application from sports specific movements such as running , they are usually so specific that they supersede functional movements in complexity. Yet both sports and functional movements are dependent on the body s core. Muscle specific Traditional weight lifting depends on muscle specific program design with the goal of muscle specific hypertrophy . For example, a concentration biceps curl attempts to isolate the biceps brachii , although by gripping the weight one also engages the Flexor carpi radialis muscle wrist flexors . These exercise s tend to be the most far removed from functional movement, due to their attempt to micromanage the variables acting on the individual muscles. Functional exercises, on the other hand, attempt to incorporate as many variables as possible balance, multiple joints, multiple planes of movement , thus decreasing the load on the muscle but increasing the complexity of motor coordination and flexibility anatomy flexibility . Biomechanics Functional movement usually involves gross motor movement involving the core anatomy core , which refers to the muscles of the Core anatomy Anatomy abdomen and spine , such as segmental stabilizers . See also Biomechanics Core anatomy Functional training Functional Movement in Dance Dance Alive External links http www.lisafitness.com articles func sports cond.html Lisa Mercer Fitness , Functional Sports Conditioning Bridging the Gap Between Fitness and Athleticism. Category Biomechanics http www.crossfit.com , CrossFit, forging elite fitness ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Functional polymers are polymers with advanced optic and or electronic properties. Advantages of functional polymers are low cost, ease of processing and a range of attractive mechanical characteristics for functional organic molecules. One can adjust properties while keeping material usage low. This opens interesting environmental perspectives. Polymer bound substances can spread their activity without endangering people or the environment. The new Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals REACH Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals legislation will require chemical industry to come up with safe chemicals. Functional polymers can help achieve this goal. Examples of functional polymers are Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers Stimuli Responsive Polymers these allow for responsive drug delivery systems and smart surfaces for cell culture and regenerative medicine. Biomimetic Materials Supramolecular Metallopolymers Category Polymers de Funktionspolymere ko ... more details
In statistical graphics , the functional boxplot is an informative exploratory tool that has been proposed for visualizing functional data. ref cite journal first1 Rob J. last1 Hyndman first2 Han Lin last2 Shang title Rainbow Plots, Bagplots, and Boxplots for Functional Data journal Journal of Computational ... ref ref cite journal last Sun first Y. last2 Genton first2 M. G. year 2011 title Functional boxplots ... Analogous to the classical Box plot boxplot , the descriptive statistics of a functional boxplot ... a functional boxplot, data ordering is the first step. In functional data analysis , each ... ordered from the smallest sample value to the largest, in a functional boxplot, functional data ... last L pez Pintado first S. last2 Romo first2 J. year 2009 title On the Concept of Depth for Functional ... 734 doi 10.1198 jasa.2009.0108 ref It allows for ordering functional data from the center outwards and, thus, introduces a measure to define functional quantiles and the centrality or outlyingness of an observation. Having the ranks of functional data, the functional boxplot is a natural extension ... 50 of the data. Since the data ordering in the functional boxplot is from the center outwards, the 50 ... of the dataset except the outliers. Outlier detection Outliers can be detected in a functional ... as potential outliers. When each observation is simply a point, the functional boxplot degenerates to a classical boxplot, and it is different from the pointwise boxplots. Enhanced functional boxplot By introducing the concept of central regions, the functional boxplot can be generalized to an enhanced functional boxplot where the 25 and 75 central regions are provided as well. Surface boxplot Spatiotemporal ... as the functional boxplots. Similarly, the fences are obtained by the 1.5 times the 50 central ... is a natural extension of the functional boxplot to R sup 3 sup . Examples gallery File sstcurve.jpg ... Pacific Ocean from 1951 to 2007. File sstfbplot.jpg The functional boxplot of SST with blue curves ... more details
Functional food is a food where a new ingredient s or more of an existing ingredient has been added to a food ... What are Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals? Agriculture and Agri Food Canada ref The general category of functional foods includes processed food or foods fortified with health promoting additives, like vitamin enriched products. Products considered functional generally do not include products where ... functional foods with probiotic benefits. Functional foods are part of the continuum of products ... burden. br Functional Food is a Natural or processed food that contains known biologically active ... of chronic diseases of the modern age . It was debated at the 9th International Conference on Functional ... 15 17, 2011.Functional Food Center has adopted a new definition of functional food ref Danik M. Martirosyan Ed Functional Foods and Chronic Diseases Science and Practice. Food Science Publisher 2011 ref Functional foods are an emerging field in food science due to their increasing popularity .... The term was first used in Japan in the 1980s where there is a government approval process for functional ... foodsafety fhc 02.html ref Industry The functional food industry, consisting of food, beverage and supplement ... It is estimated by BCC Research that the global market of functional food industry will reach 176.7 billion in 2013 with a compound annual growth rate CAGR of 7.4 . Specifically, the functional food sector will experience 6.9 CAGR, the supplement sector will rise by 3.8 and the functional beverage ... scholan Scholan, I. Functional Beverages where next? Innovation in functional beverages market is set ..., which may increase consumer confidence. Strict examination of some of the functional food claims may discourage some companies from launching their products. ref name scholan Health claims Functional ... dietary supplement supplements rather than foods, but since the definition of functional food is still evolving and somewhat amorphous, a functional food may find itself bearing the warning. Current ... more details
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