puromycin skeletal.svg ImageSize IUPACName 3 deoxy N,N dimethyl 3 O methyl small L small tyrosyl ... C C C H 3O CO C H N Cc4ccc OC cc4 MeSHName Puromycin Section2 Chembox Properties C 22 H 29 N 7 ... MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Puromycin is an antibiotic that is a protein synthesis inhibitor by inhibiting translation. Inhibition of translation Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic , derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium, ref http www.fermentek.co.il puromycin.htm Puromycin ... prokaryotes or eukaryotes . Also of note, puromycin is critical in mRNA display . In this reaction, a puromycin molecule is chemically attached to the end of an mRNA template, which is then translated into protein. The puromycin can then form a covalent link to the growing peptide chain allowing .... and Roberts R.W. 2004 A general approach to detect protein expression in vivo using fluorescent puromycin conjugates. Chem. Biol. 11 999 1008. ref . Peptidase Inhibitor Puromycin is a reversible inhibitor ... of inhibition is not well understood, however puromycin can be used to distinguish between aminopeptidase M active and cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase inhibited by puromycin . Cell culture Puromycin ... and eukaryotic cells. Resistance to puromycin is conferred by the Pac gene encoding a puromycin N acetyl transferase PAC that was found in a Streptomyces producer strain. Puromycin is soluble in water 50 mg ml as colorless solution at 10 mg ml. Puromycin is stable for one year as solution ... Puromycin is poorly active on E. coli. Puromycin resistant transformants are selected in LB agar medium supplemented with 125 g ml of puromycin. But use of puromycin for E. coli selection requires ... results the use of special modified puromycin is possible. Plates containing puromycin are stable ... for peptidases and their inhibitors http meropstest.sanger.ac.uk cgi bin smi summary?mid J00019 Puromycin ... in Streptomyces species ca Puromicina de Puromycin fa pl Puromycyna sl Puromicin tr Puromisin ... more details
enzyme Name O demethylpuromycin O methyltransferase EC number 2.1.1.38 CAS number 37257 04 8 IUBMB EC number 2 1 1 38 GO code 0030739 image width caption In enzymology , an O demethylpuromycin O methyltransferase EC number 2.1.1.38 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction S adenosyl L methionine O demethylpuromycin math rightleftharpoons math S adenosyl L homocysteine puromycin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are S Adenosyl methionine S adenosyl methionine and O demethylpuromycin , whereas its two product chemistry products are S adenosylhomocysteine and puromycin . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring one carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S adenosyl L methionine O demethylpuromycin O methyltransferase . This enzyme is also called O demethylpuromycin methyltransferase . This enzyme participates in puromycin biosynthesis . References reflist 1 cite journal author Rao MM, Rebello PF, Pogell BM date 1969 title Biosynthesis of puromycin in Streptomyces alboniger. Enzymatic methylation of O demethylpuromycin journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 244 pages 112&ndash 8 pmid 5773275 issue 1 transferase stub Category EC 2.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it O demetilpuromicina O metiltransferasi ... more details
affinity for the molecule of interest. Puromycin is an analogue of the 3 end of a tyrosyl tRNA with a part ... . Compared to the cleavable ester bond in a tyrosyl tRNA, puromycin has a non hydrolysable amide bond. As a result, puromycin interferes with translation, and causes premature release of translation ... end of the template, the fused puromycin will enter the A site of the ribosome. b. The mRNA polypeptide fusion is released. All mRNA templates used for mRNA display technology have puromycin at their 3 ... of the template, the fused puromycin will enter ribosome s A site and be incorporated into the nascent ... an mRNA polypeptide fusion, the fused puromycin is not the only modification to the mRNA template. Oligonucletides and other spacers need to be recruited along with the puromycin to provide flexibility and proper length for the puromycin to enter the A site. Ideally, the linker between the 3 end of an mRNA and the puromycin has to be flexible and long enough to allow the puromycin to enter the A site ... length mRNA polypeptide fusion. Rihe Liu et al. optimized the 3 puromycin oligonucleotide spacer ... rUrUP presented adjacent to the puromycin, fusion did not form efficiently. ref cite journal author ... PAGE purified and ligated using T4 DNA ligase to the DNA spacer linker containing puromycin ... Figure 3 . Image Slide9.png thumb 370px Figure 4. Selection Cycle. The ligated mRNA DNA puromycin ... puromycin whereas, ribosome display utilizes stalled, noncovalent ribosome mRNA polypeptide complexes ... cycle. In contrast, the puromycin DNA spacer linker used in mRNA display technology is much ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Streptomyces alboniger image image width 240px image caption regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria classis Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales familia Streptomycetaceae genus Streptomyces species S. alboniger binomial Streptomyces alboniger binomial authority J. N. Porter Porter et al. 1952 ref A New Species of Streptomyces. C. W. Hesseltine, J. N. Porter, N. Deduck, Marie Hauck, N. Bohonos and J. H. Williams, Mycologia, Vol. 46, No. 1 Jan. Feb., 1954 , pages 16 23 http www.jstor.org pss 4547789 abstract ref synonyms Streptomyces alboniger is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces . S. alboniger produces puromycin , a type of antibiotic. ref cite journal author L. Sankaran and Burton M. Pogell url http aac.asm.org content 8 6 721.abstract title Biosynthesis of Puromycin in Streptomyces alboniger Regulation and Properties of O Demethylpuromycin O Methyltransferase journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy volume 8 issue 6 date 1975 12 01 accessdate 2012 01 19 ref See also List of Streptomyces species References Reflist External links wikispecies commons Category Streptomyces alboniger Category Species described in 1952 bacteria stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 9520 Puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NPEPPS gene . ref name pmid9048733 cite journal author Tobler AR, Constam DB, Schmitt Graff A, Malipiero U, Schlapbach R, Fontana A title Cloning of the human puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase and evidence for expression in neurons journal J Neurochem volume 68 issue 3 pages 889 97 year 1997 month Apr pmid 9048733 pmc doi 10.1046 j.1471 4159.1997.68030889.x ref ref name pmid10329370 cite journal author Thompson MW, Tobler A, Fontana A, Hersh LB title Cloning and analysis of the gene for the human puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase journal Biochem Biophys Res Commun volume 258 issue 2 pages 234 40 year 1999 month Jun pmid 10329370 pmc doi 10.1006 bbrc.1999.0604 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene NPEPPS aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 9520 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene encodes the puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase, a zinc metallopeptidase which hydrolyzes amino acids from the N terminus of its substrate. The protein has been localized to both the cytoplasm and to cellular membranes. This enzyme degrades enkaphalins in the brain, and studies in mouse suggest that it is involved in proteolytic events regulating the cell ... of the human puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase journal Peptides volume 24 issue 9 pages 1359 ... Bauer WO title Human puromycin sensitive aminopeptidase cloning of 3 UTR, evidence for a polymorphism ... author de Gandarias JM title Ontogeny of puromycin sensitive and insensitive aminopeptidase activities ... authors 3 last4 Maitland first4 N last5 Leduc first5 A cite journal author Constam DB title Puromycin ..., Hersh LB title Studies on the tissue distribution of the puromycin sensitive enkephalin degrading ... more details
List of drugs P Ps Pz ps pv Pseudo 12 pseudoephedrine International Nonproprietary Name INN Pseudofrin Pseudovent psilocybine International Nonproprietary Name INN Psorcon PsoriGel psyllium hemicellulose United States Adopted Name USAN Pulmicort Pulmolite pulmonol International Nonproprietary Name INN Pulmozyme pumaprazole International Nonproprietary Name INN pumitepa International Nonproprietary Name INN pumosetrag International Nonproprietary Name INN Purge drug Purge Purified Cortrophin Gel Purinethol Purinethol GlaxoSmithKline puromycin International Nonproprietary Name INN PVF K py pyl pyo Pylori Chek Breath Test Pyocidin Pyopen pyr pyrantel International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrazinamide International Nonproprietary Name INN pyricarbate International Nonproprietary Name INN Pyridamal 100 pyridarone International Nonproprietary Name INN pyridofylline International Nonproprietary Name INN pyridostigmine bromide International Nonproprietary Name INN pyridoxine International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrimethamine International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrimitate International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrinoline International Nonproprietary Name INN Pyrinyl pyrithione zinc International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrithyldione International Nonproprietary Name INN pyritidium bromide International Nonproprietary Name INN pyritinol International Nonproprietary Name INN Pyrolite pyronaridine United States Adopted Name USAN pyrophendane International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrovalerone International Nonproprietary Name INN pyroxamine International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrrocaine International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrrolifene International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrrolnitrin International Nonproprietary Name INN pyrvinium chloride International Nonproprietary Name INN pyt pytamine International Nonproprietary Name INN Pytest ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 jargon February 2010 NOTOC The RNAi Consortium , or TRC, is a public private partnership whose mission is to create libraries of small hairpin RNA s shRNAs for 15 000 human and 15 000 mouse gene s. These libraries should help the scientific community to analyse gene function by RNAi . The consortium is based at the Broad Institute of the MIT and Harvard University , and includes 6 MIT and Harvard associated institutions and 5 international life sciences organizations. Verified RNAi clones and entire libraries are made available both by Sigma Aldrich and Open Biosystems . Hairpin selection A set of candidate hairpins are selected based on the 1st Refseq transcription genetics transcript from each National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI gene. They should be 21mers, be at least 25bp from start of the coding sequence and no closer than 150bp from its end. Candidates are scored based on various Empirical method empirical rules see the Broad Institute s web site for a complete list http www.broad.mit.edu genome bio trc rules.html and then BLAST ed against 2 transcriptome sets. Hairpins that are unique for a Unigene cluster and a RefSeq NM identifier are preferred. Lastly, the candidates are spaced to have 1 hairpin in the 3 UTR 3 untranslated region and 4 in the coding sequence. Hairpin vector Selected hairpins are cloned into the viral vector vector pLKO1, which is a multipurpose plasmid that can be propagated in bacteria , transfection transfect ed into mammal ian cell line s or used for generation of lentivirus es. It contains Antibiotic resistance resistance gene s against ampicillin and puromycin . Release Release 1 of the TRC lentiviral shRNA libraries consist of about 35 000 shRNA constructs against 5300 human 25 000 clones and 2200 mouse genes 10 000 clones . Release 2 of the human shRNA library contained an additional 9 500 clones. Releases occur roughly every quarter. The completing of both mouse and human librarie ... more details
diagram of In situ puromycin capture In situ puromycin capture This method is an adaptation of mRNA ... modified with biotin and puromycin on each end is then hybridized to the 3 end of the mRNA. The mRNAs .... When the ribosome reaches the hybridized oligonucleotide, it stalls and incorporates the puromycin ... more details
The plasma membrane monoamine transporter PMAT is a low affinity monoamine transporter protein . It is also known as human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 hENT4 . Unlike other members of the nucleoside transporter ENT family, it is impermeable to most nucleosides, with the exception of the inhibitory neurotransmitter and ribonucleoside adenosine , which it is permeable to in a highly pH dependent manner. This protein is an integral membrane protein that transports the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin , dopamine , norepinephrine as well as adenosine , ref Xia L, Zhou M, Kalhorn TF, Ho HT, Wang J. Podocyte specific expression of organic cation transporter PMAT implication in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotoxicity. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology . 2009 Jun 296 6 F1307 13. PMID 19357181 ref from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons or neighboring glial cells. It is abundantly expressed in the human brain, ref Dahlin A, Xia L, Kong W, Hevner R, Wang J. Expression and immunolocalization of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter in the brain. Neuroscience . 2007 May 25 146 3 1193 211. PMID 17408864 ref heart tissue, and skeletal muscle, as well as in the kidneys. It is relatively insensitive to the high affinity inhibitors such as SSRIs of the SLC6A monoamine transporters SERT, DAT, NET , as well being only weakly sensitive to the adenosine transport inhibitor, dipyridamole . Its transport of monoamines, unlike for adenosine, is pH insensitive. At low pH, 5.5 6.5 range, as occurs under ischemia ischemic conditions however, its transport efficiency for adenosine becomes greater than for serotonin. It has 530 amino acid residues with 10 12 transmembrane segments, and is not homologous to other known monoamine transporters, such as the high affinity SERT, DAT, and NET, or the low affinity SLC22A organic cation transporter OCT family. It was initially identified by a search of the draft human genome database by its sequence homology to EN ... more details
of the peptidyl tRNA from the ribosome. Puromycin has a structure similar to that of the tyrosine tyrosinyl ..., producing peptidyl puromycin. However, it does not engage in translocation and quickly dissociates ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 83939 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF2A gene . ref name pmid12133843 cite journal author Zoll WL, Horton LE, Komar AA, Hensold JO, Merrick WC title Characterization of mammalian eIF2A and identification of the yeast homolog journal J Biol Chem volume 277 issue 40 pages 37079 87 year 2002 month Sep pmid 12133843 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.M207109200 ref ref name pmid1620067 cite journal author Merrick WC title Mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis journal Microbiol Rev volume 56 issue 2 pages 291 315 year 1992 month Aug pmid 1620067 pmc 372869 doi ref ref name entrez The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text EIF2A is a 65 kD protein that catalyzes the formation of puromycin sensitive 80S preinitiation complexes Zoll et al., 2002 . supplied by OMIM ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene EIF2A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, 38kDa url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 83939 accessdate ref See also eIF2 References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Koumenis C, Naczki C, Koritzinsky M, et al. title Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Hypoxia via Activation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase PERK and Phosphorylation of the Translation Initiation Factor eIF2 journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume 22 issue 21 pages 7405 16 year 2002 pmid 12370288 doi 10.1128 MCB.22.21.7405 7416.2002 pmc 135664 cite journal author Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. title Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 26 pages 16899 903 year 2003 pmid 12477932 doi 10.1073 pnas.242603899 pmc 139241 cite journal author Page AB, Owen CR, Kumar R, et al. title P ... more details
106 accessdate 2012 01 19 pmc 1056872 pmid 13031516 ref Puromycin from Streptomyces alboniger S. alboniger ... title Biosynthesis of Puromycin in Streptomyces alboniger Regulation and Properties of O ... more details
PBB geneid 51752 Type 1 tumor necrosis factor receptor shedding aminopeptidase regulator , also known as ARTS 1 , is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ARTS 1 gene . ref name entrez EntrezGene 51752 ref ARTS1 is also known as ER aminopeptidase 1 ERAP1 ER aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing ERAAP Adipocyte derived leucine aminopeptidase ALAP Puromycin insensitive leucine aminopeptidase PILS AP Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 is active in the endoplasmic reticulum , which is involved in protein processing and transport. This protein is an aminopeptidase , which is an enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller fragments called peptides. ERAP1 has two major functions in the immune system First, ERAP1 cleaves several proteins called cytokine receptors on the surface of cells. Cleaving these receptors reduces their ability to transmit chemical signals into the cell, which affects the process of inflammation . Second, ERAP1 cleaves many types of proteins into small peptides that can be recognized by the immune system. These peptides are exported to the cell surface, where they attach to major histocompatibility complex MHC class I proteins. MHC class I proteins display the peptides to the immune system. If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign such as viral or bacterial peptides , it responds by triggering the infected cell to self destruct. ref name urlERAP1 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 Genetics Home Reference cite web url http ghr.nlm.nih.gov gene ERAP1 title ERAP1 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 Genetics Home Reference format work accessdate ref Function ARTS 1 is a member of the M1 family of zinc metalloproteinase metallopeptidase s which acts as a aminopeptidase that degrades oligopeptides by cleavage starting at the N terminus amino terminus . One of the functions of aminopeptidases is to degrade potentially toxic peptides in the cytosol . ref name entrez ARTS 1 is a transmembrane protein that is loca ... more details
on nephron nephritic permselectivity, it was noted that puromycin treatment of human glomerulus glomerular ... cells produce proteoglycans, and puromycin affects their posttranslational modification journal ... more details
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