Magnetotactic bacteria or MTB are a polyphyletic group of bacteria discovered by Richard P. Blakemore ... this task, these bacteria have organelle s called magnetosome s that contain magnetic crystals ... of animals, the bacteria contain fixed magnets that force the bacteria into alignment even dead ... 6. ref Introduction The first description of magnetotactic bacteria appeared in 1963 in a publication ... a group of bacteria that evidently oriented themselves in a unique direction. He realised these microorganisms ... bacteria . The first peer reviewed article on magnetotactic bacteria appeared in a 1975 article ... , who had similarly observed bacteria capable of orienting themselves in a certain direction Blakemore ... author Blakemore, Richard title Magnetotactic Bacteria year 1975 journal Science volume 190 pages 377 379 pmid 170679 issue 4212 bibcode 1975Sci...190..377B ref These bacteria have been the subject ... 47 issue 10 pages 775 780 ref The sensitivity of magnetotactic bacteria to the Earth s magnetic field arises from the fact these bacteria precipitate chains of crystals of magnetic minerals within their cells to date, all magnetotactic bacteria are reported to precipitate either magnetite or greigite ... and biogeochemical interpretation of fossil magnetotactic bacteria journal Earth Science ... lodestones.shtml Living Lodestones Magnetotactic bacteria , Strange Horizons, 2001 ref Biology Several ... Magnetite producing magnetotactic bacteria are usually found in an Anoxic waters oxic anoxic transition ... types of magnetotactic bacteria can produce magnetite even in Hypoxia environmental anaerobic conditions ..., Dennis title Controlled biomineralization of magnetic minerals by magnetotactic bacteria year 1995 ... not too different from that found in magnetotactic bacteria has been also found in higher organisms ... bacteria produce their magnetic particles in chains. The magnetic dipole of the cell is therefore ... include spherical or ovoid cells coccus cocci , rod shaped bacilli , curved bacteria vibrio and helical ... more details
Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. Indicator bacteria are not themselves dangerous to the health but are used to indicate the presence ... bacteria. ref cite web last Beactiviahealth title Intestinal Microflora url http www.beactiviahealth.com html cap 1 3.html work Activia ref These bacteria may include species of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella ... of other more abundant and more easily detected fecal bacteria as indicators of the presence of fecal ..., use of indicators becomes necessary. Types of Indicator Organisms Commonly used indicator bacteria ... agar after membrane filtration. Indicator bacteria can be Bacterial culture cultured on Growth ... forming on a plate. Bacterial colonies can be counted after 24 48 hours depending on the type of bacteria ..., which are added to conventional or newly devised media used for isolation of the indicator bacteria ... using monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect indicator bacteria in water samples. Precultivation ... be used to recover specific indicator bacteria. ref name Ashbolt Gene Sequence Based Methods Gene sequence ... sequence based methods currently being used to detect specific strains of indicator bacteria. ref name Ashbolt Water Quality Standards for Bacteria Drinking Water Standards World Health Organization ... Quality Criteria for Bacteria 1986, EPA440 5 84 002 url http water.epa.gov scitech swguidance standards ... important pathogens other than bacteria include viruses such as rotavirus , hepatitis A and hepatitis ..., risk assessments often rely on the use of indicator bacteria. File Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05 ... increased as the number of indicator bacteria increased in recreational waters and that E. coli ... an infectious dose. Die off rates of bacteria in the environment are often exponential, therefore ... from indicator bacteria concentrations, are also fit with distributions. Dose is calculated ... Applied Microbiology year 1969 volume 18 issue 5 pages 703 707 ref Methods for quantifying bacteria ... more details
GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infectious disease infection . This article deals with human pathogenic bacteria. Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, quite a few bacteria are pathogenic . One of the bacterial diseases ... kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia , which can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas , and foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as Shigella , Campylobacter and Salmonella . Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus , typhoid ... pathogenic Conditionally pathogenic bacteria are only pathogenic under certain conditions, such as a wound ... http www.ajhp.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11885408 ref Some species of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas ... of other organisms. Still, infections with intracellular bacteria may be asymptomatic , such as during the incubation period . An example of intracellular bacteria is Rickettsia . One species of Rickettsia ... with Trichomonas vaginalis trichomoniasis , which are not caused by bacteria . ref cite web url http ... exclusively caused by bacteria. Symptoms include frequent feeling and or need to urinate, pain ... have bacteria in it, ref cite web url http www.med.umich.edu 1libr aha aha asybac crs.htm title Adult Health Advisor 2005.4 Bacteria in Urine, No Symptoms Asymptomatic Bacteriuria accessdate 2007 08 25 ... archivedate 2007 07 12 ref but when bacteria get into the Urinary bladder bladder or kidney and multiply ... bacteria. Such pathogenic enteric bacteria are generally distinguished from the usually harmless bacteria of the normal gut flora , but the distinction is often not fully clear, and Escherichia , for example ... bacteria l human skin skin infection most common among pre school children. ref http www.nhs.uk .... 843 ISBN 978 1 4160 2973 1 ref Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacteria l infection ref DorlandsDict ... more details
Cancer bacteria are bacteria l infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. While cancer associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself , there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogen ic. The strongest evidence to date involves the bacterium H. pylori and its role in gastric cancer. Oncovirus es are virus viral agents that are similarly suspected of causing cancer. Known to cause cancer Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and duodenum . In some cases it can cause stomach cancer ref name Egi cite journal author Egi Y, Ito M, Tanaka S, et al title Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic inflammation in gastric cancer in the cardia journal Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. volume 37 issue 5 pages 365 9 year 2007 month May pmid 17578895 doi 10.1093 jjco hym029 ref ref cite journal author Peter S, Beglinger C title Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer the causal relationship journal Digestion volume 75 issue 1 pages 25 35 year 2007 pmid 17429205 doi 10.1159 000101564 ref and MALT lymphoma . ref name Morgner cite journal author Morgner A, Bayerd rffer ... Speculative links A number of bacteria have associations with cancer, although their possible role in carcinogenesis is unclear. class wikitable Bacteria Suggested link Salmonella typhi is associated with gallbladder cancer . ref name Mager cite journal author Mager DL title Bacteria and cancer cause ... name Mager Bacteria found in the gut may be related to colon cancer but may be more complicated due ... be linked to oral cancer s. ref cite doi 10.1002 hed.21140 ref The relationship between cancer and bacteria ... claimed to have found bacteria associated with different types of cancers. ref cite journal author .... ref See also Oncovirus References reflist 2 Tumors DEFAULTSORT Cancer Bacteria Category Carcinogenesis Category Bacteria ... more details
the subclass of Proteobacteria purplebacteria in which most of the purple nonsulfur bacteria as well as many non photosynthetic bacteria are included. Apparently, these aerobic BChl containing bacteria represent an evolutionary transient phase from anaerobic phototrophs to aerobic non phototrophs ...Orphan date October 2011 Aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria AAPB , also named aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophs AAPs , is a group of bacteria that are primarily heterotrophic but can utilize light energy through bacterial chlorophyll a . ref Nianzhi Jiao, Gerhard J. Herndl, Dennis A. Hansell, Ronald Benner, Gerhard Kattner, Steven W. Wilhelm, David L. Kirchman, Markus G. Weinbauer, Tingwei Luo, Feng Chen, Farooq Azam 2010 . Microbial Production of Recalcitrant Dissolved Organic Matter Long term Carbon Storage in the Global Ocean . Nature Reviews Microbiology 8, 593 599. dio 10. 1038 nrmicro2386 ref Description In contrast to other known anoxygenic phototrophs, these microbes are obligatory aerobes They metabolize carbon and other organic substrates and use O2 dependent respiration, but they also contain bacteriochlorophyll a, carotenoids , as well as photosynthetic reaction centers and light harvesting complexes. Although the amount of bacteriochlorophyll in these photoheterotrophs is lower than in other photosynthetic bacteria, they are capable of fixing CO2 during photosynthesis, and light enhances their growth. Their ancestors appear to be purple nonsulfur bacteria ... Bacteria in the South Pacific Ocean . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73 13 , 4198 4205 ... Bacteria to the Carbon Cycle in the Ocean . Science 29 2492 2495. doi 10.1126 ref Evolution and Taxonomy Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are classified in two marine Erythrobacter and Roseobacter ... Bacteria . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews , 62 3 1092 2172 ref Phylogenetically, they are not classified ... Bacteria ... more details
File Gram Stain Anthrax.jpg thumb right 300px Gram positive Bacillus anthracis bacteriapurple rods in cerebrospinal ... bacteria is better for this purpose than this one, which shows some Gram positive bacteria mingled with a larger amount of other stuff. File 20110322 193829 Bacteria SMB UTI.jpg thumb right 300px Gram positive bacteria, stained purple, of both the bacillus &ldquo rod shaped&rdquo and coccus spherical forms. A few Gram negative bacteria are also present, stained pink. Numbered ticks are eleven 11 microns apart. Gram positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining . This is in contrast to Gram negative bacteria , which cannot retain the crystal violet ... in Gram negative bacteria . Characteristics File Gram Cell wall.svg thumb right 300px Gram positive ... as opposed to four in Gram negative bacteria because Gram positive bacteria have only one membrane ... transpeptidase enzyme. In gram negative bacteria, the transpeptidase creates a covalent bond directly ... bacteria may have a membrane called an S layer . In Gram negative bacteria, the S layer is attached directly to the Bacterial outer membrane outer membrane . In Gram positive bacteria, the S layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. Unique to Gram positive bacteria is the presence of teichoic acid ... Along with cell shape, Gram staining is a rapid diagnostic tool of use to group species of Bacteria ... tests, forms the full basis for classification and subdivision of the Bacteria e.g., see Figure ... first2 R. G. E. title Proposals Concerning the Higher Taxa of Bacteria journal International Journal ... of the Gram positive bacteria has been challenged, ref name woese87 cite pmid 2439888 ref with striking ... positive bacteria and contains genera such as Corynebacterium , Mycobacterium , Nocardia and Streptomyces . The latter, the Firmicutes are the low GC Gram positive bacteria, which actually have 45 ..., bacteria like organisms that lack cell walls and cannot be Gram stained, but appear to have ... more details
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria AAPBs are alphaproteobacteria that are obligate aerobe s that capture energy from light by anoxygenic photosynthesis . Anoxygenic photosynthesis is the phototrophic process where light energy is captured and stored as ATP. The production of oxygen is non existent and, therefore, water is not used as an electron donor. They are widely distributed marine plankton that may constitute over 10 of the open ocean microbial community. They can be particularly abundant ... AEM.02652 06 ref Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are photoheterotrophic phototroph microbes ... , meaning they require oxygen to grow. One remarkable aspect of these novel bacteria is that they, unlike other similar bacteria , are unable to utilize BChl bacteriochlorophyll for anaerobic growth ... bacteria , on the contrary, can contain numerous species of photosynthetic pigments like ... Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria of Coastal Regions of the Pacific Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microbiol ..., DU. 2003 . Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their roles in marine ecosystems. Chinese Science Bulletin. Vol. 48 No.11 1064 1068. ref Current data suggests that marine bacteria have generation ... time. ref Life science weekly. 2012 . Bacteria Reports from Spanish National Research Council CSIC Describe Recent Advances in Bacteria. ISSN 1552 2466. P.4582. ref All species of AAPB produce ... reveal their evolutionary origin. Studies revealed that the closest relatives were the purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria . Erythrobacter , Porphyrobacter , and Erythromicrobium are very ... Phototrophic Bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 September 62 3 695 724. ref Carbon cycling ... their role in marine ecosystems is the AAPB in total bacteria AAPB . Knowing that the BCHl ... distribution pattern of abundance and diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the global ... bacteria ... more details
Purple Rain may refer to Purple Rain film Purple Rain film , a 1984 film starring the musician Prince Purple Rain album Purple Rain album , the soundtrack album for the film Purple Rain song Purple Rain song , the title track of the album Purple Rain Tour , Prince s 1984 1985 concert tour Purple Rain Protest , the name given to an anti apartheid protest held in Cape Town in September 1989 Purple Rain drink , an alcoholic cocktail Purple Rain, a trademark and flavor of MD 20 20, a Low end fortified wine disambig de Purple Rain fr Purple Rain it Purple Rain nl Purple Rain no Purple Rain sk Purple Rain sv Purple Rain zh ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria , or sometimes Knallgas bacteria , are bacteria which oxidize hydrogen . See microbial metabolism Microbial metabolism Hydrogen oxidation hydrogen oxidation . These bacteria include Hydrogenobacter thermophilus , Hydrogenovibrio marinus , and Helicobacter pylori . There are both Gram positive and Gram negative knallgas bacteria. Most grow best under microaerophilic conditions. They do this because the hydrogenase enzyme used in hydrogen oxidation is inhibited by the presence of oxygen, but oxygen is still needed as a terminal electron acceptor . The word Knallgas is Swedish language Swedish and German language German for bang gas and means a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen see oxyhydrogen . DEFAULTSORT Knallgas Bacteria Category Bacteria Category Hydrogen bacteria stub cs Vod kov bakterie ru ... more details
Wiktionary purplePurple is a colour. Purple may also refer to Purple magazine Purple magazine Purple cipher machine Purple government , a political term Purple album Purple album , by the Stone Temple Pilots Purple song Purple song , by Skin The Purple , a former nickname of Northwestern University athletic teams Purple King disambiguation Purple prose , a literary term Purple Records , a record label Purple software , an eroge brand Purple and Brown , an animated series Peri Urban Regions Platform Europe , a network of European regions A Blue university sport University of London University of London sports award equivalent to a Blue Purple, an Anything Muppet pattern Pidgin software libpurple , the instant messaging library of Pidgin Apple Inc. s development code name ref http blogs.oreilly.com digitalmedia 2008 01 iphone purple apps.html ref for the IPhone Purple Mountain Observatory is a astronomical observatory in China Tyrian purple , a valuable ancient dye See also Purpure , a heraldic tincture Born in the purple , born to high title References references Disambiguation cs Purpur rozcestn k ko he ja pl Purpura pt P rpura ... more details
Purple Storm may refer to Operation Purple Storm , a series of US Military exercises in Panama in 1989 Purple Storm film , a 1999 Hong Kong action film dab ... more details
Purple breasted may refer to Purple breasted Cotinga , a species of bird in the Cotingidae family Purple breasted Sunbird , a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family disambig ... more details
Purple naped may refer to Purple naped Lory , an Indonesian bird in the Psittacidae family Purple naped Sunbird , an Asian bird in the Nectariniidae family disambig ... more details
Purple Gang can refer to The Purple Gang , Jewish American bootleggers and hijackers in the 1920s The Purple Gang band , British rock band active intermittently since the 1960s East Harlem Purple Gang , Italian American gang of drug dealers and hitmen Purple People Eaters , defensive line of the Minnesota Vikings from the late 1960s to the late 1970s disambig ... more details
Purple backed may refer to Purple backed Fairy wren , an Australian bird Purple backed Starling , an Asian bird Purple backed Sunbeam , an endangered Peruvian bird Purple backed Thornbill , a least concern South American bird See also Purplish backed disambiguation disambig ... more details
High GC content bacteria are Gram positive bacteria with a high number of guanine and cytosine bases as compared to adenine and thymine . These bacteria are of the class Actinobacteria ref NCBI Taxonomy browser, http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Undef&id 201174&lvl 3&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock, accessed 3 13 07. ref . For more information, see GC content . References references bacteria stub Category Microbiology ... more details
Purple Gallinule is an alternative name for two species of bird s in the rail bird rail family. It can refer to Purple Swamphen , Porphyrio porphyrio of the Old World American Purple Gallinule , Porphyrio martinica of the New World disambig ... more details
Sulfur reducing bacteria SRB get their energy by redox reaction reducing elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide . They couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate , succinate or other organic compounds . Several types of bacteria and many non methanogen ic archaea can reduce sulfur. Some bacteria spaced ndash such as Proteus bacterium Proteus , Campylobacter , Pseudomonas and Salmonella spaced ndash have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors. Others, such as Desulfuromonas , use only sulfur. These bacteria can be used in industrial processes to generate hydrogen sulfide for the precipitation of metals. Some bacteria can use both elemental sulfur and sulfate as electron acceptors. See sulfate reducing bacteria . References cite book last1 Brock first1 Thomas D. authorlink1 Thomas D. Brichael T. last3 Martinko first3 John M. last4 Parker first4 Jack title Biology of Microorganisms publisher Prentice Hall date 1994 location New Jersey pages 749 752 isbn 1 4058 5345 X bacteria stub Category Phototrophic bacteria Category Hydrogen biology Category Microbiology cs Sirn bakterie de Schwefeloxidierende Bakterien es Bacteria reductora de azufre fi Rikkibakteerit uk ... more details
Purple Belt may refer to the following A level in the Brazilian Jiu Jitsu ranking system . A road in the Allegheny County belt system Purple Belt Allegheny County belt system . disambiguation ... more details
Purple King may refer to a variety of green bean s Purple King Gladiolus variety , a List of Gladiolus varieties variety of Gladiolus disambiguation ... more details
GD last9 Mucci first9 A pmc 2572968 postscript None ref See also Anoxic event Purple sulfur bacteria ...Taxobox name Green sulfur bacteria image Green d winogradsky.jpg image caption Green sulfur bacteria in a Winogradsky column colour lightgrey domain Bacteria phylum Chlorobi subdivision Class Chlorobea small Cavalier Smith 2002 small br Order Chlorobiales small Gibbons and Murray 1978 small br Family Chlorobiaceae small Copeland 1956 small br Ancalochloris small Gorlenko and Lebedeva 1971 small br Chlorobaculum small Imhoff 2003 small br Chlorobium small Nadson 1906 emend. Imhoff 2003 small br Chloroherpeton small Gibson et al. 1985 small br Clathrochloris small Witt et al. 1989 small br Pelodictyon small Lauterborn 1913 small br Prosthecochloris small Gorlenko 1970 emend. Imhoff 2003 small br Class Ignavibacteria small Iino et al. 2010 small br Order ... br The green sulfur bacteria are a family biology family of obligately anaerobic organism anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria . Most closely related to the distant Bacteroidetes , they are accordingly ... sulfur bacteria are non motile except Chloroherpeton thalassium , which may bacterial gliding glide ... bacteria has been found living near a black smoker off the coast of Mexico at a depth of 2,500 meters ... pnas.0503674102 pmc 1166624 ref Green sulfur bacteria appear in Lake Matano , Indonesia, at a depth ..., 2005 References Reflist Bacteria classification DEFAULTSORT Green Sulfur Bacteria Category Phototrophic bacteria Category Bergey s volume 4 bg ca Bacteri verd del sofre cs Chlorobi de Gr ne Schwefelbakterien es Chlorobi fr Chlorobi gl Bacteria verde do xofre ko id Chlorobi lt aliosios sierabakter s ja no Gr nnsvovelbakterier pt Chlorobi simple Green sulfur bacteria ... more details
original research date February 2012 unreferenced date February 2012 Purple refers to a subset of Cannabis indica indica dominant Cannabis strains. Subset strains Purple Voodoo Purple Diesel cannabis Diesel Purple Haze cannabis Haze Purple Kush cannabis Kush See also Portal Cannabis Cannabis indica Medical cannabis Category Cannabis strains Category Medicinal plants Category Entheogens Cannabis hallucinogen stub ... more details
Code Purple can mean a reference to the Air Quality Index used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency , when the Air Quality Index is between 201 and 300. Error Code Purple , an error message on Hewlett Packard personal computer s. A Hospital emergency codes Code Purple Hospital emergency code . disambig ... more details
image P vortex.PNG thumb alt alt text Figure 1 Colony of Paenibacillus vortex bacteria. Example of an elaborate ... are dense groups of bacteria, termed vortices, which swarm collectively around a common center to better ... Social IQ score of bacteria is a recently proposed quantitative score ref Sirota Madi A, Olender T, Helman ... tool to assess the genome potential of bacteria to conduct successful cooperative and adaptable behaviors ... realization that bacteria are smart creatures that can conduct intricate social life in large ... 2004 12 8 366 372. ref ref Dwyer DJ, Kohanski MA, Collins JJ. Networking opportunities for bacteria. Cell. Dec 26 2008 135 7 1153 1156. ref . While the number of bacteria in a colony Figure 1 can be more than 100 times the number of people on Earth, bacteria are able to make sure they are all synchronized ... deviations above normal. Bacteria s Social IQ image social IQ combined score.png thumb alt alt text Figure 2 The social IQ combined score as function of genome size of 502 bacteria. The Y axis presents ... Distribution of the Social IQ Score of Bacteria. The distribution of the social IQ scores of the 502 bacteria in terms of the relative scores relative to the average score divided by the standard deviation . The bacteria strains marked green belong to the Paenibacillus genus. The score is based on the number of genes which afford bacteria abilities to communicate and process environmental information .... Three bacteria species stand out with significantly high Social IQ score among all sequenced bacteria ... social skills Figure 2 . Notably, all these species belong to the same bacteria genus the Paenibacillus ... 260. ref . Our best friends and worst enemies Bacteria are the most prolific organisms on Earth. Many ... the human race from deadly bacterial diseases, we created a major health problem worldwide bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Even in the West, bacteria are one of the top 3 killers in hospitals today. Unaware of bacteria s social intelligence, we use antibiotics indiscriminately ... more details
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