see also Deterministic pushdownautomaton In automata theory , a pushdownautomaton PDA is a variation of finite automaton that can make use of a Stack data structure stack containing data. Operation Image Pushdown overview.svg thumb 340px a diagram of the pushdownautomatonPushdown automata differ ... pushdownautomaton NDPDA or NPDA . Nondeterminism means that there may be more than just ... pushdownautomaton DPDA , a strictly weaker device. If we allow a finite automaton access ... machine . A linear bounded automaton is a device which is more powerful than a pushdownautomaton ... context free grammar, there exists a pushdownautomaton such that the language generated by the grammar ... is true, though harder to prove for every pushdownautomaton there exists a context free grammar ... thumb 200px a step of the pushdownautomaton In order to formalize the semantics of the pushdown ... no step is defined when the stack is empty. Computations of the pushdownautomaton are sequences ... math q 0 ,w,Z math . There are two modes of accepting. The pushdownautomaton either accepts ... number of consecutive steps zero, one or more . For each single pushdownautomaton these two languages ... both acceptance conditions define the same family of languages. Theorem. For each pushdownautomaton math M math one may construct a pushdownautomaton math M math such that math L M N M math , and vice versa, for each pushdownautomaton math M math one may construct a pushdownautomaton math M math ... grammar can be transformed into an equivalent pushdownautomaton. The derivation process of the grammar ... em match em As a result we obtain a single state pushdownautomaton, the state here is math 1 math ... . Generalized PushdownAutomaton GPDA A GPDA is a PDA which writes an entire string of some known ... non deterministic pushdownautomaton , on Planet Math. http www.jflap.org JFLAP , simulator ... to take. They can manipulate the stack as part of performing a transition. Pushdown automata choose ... more details
In automata theory , a pushdownautomaton is a finite automaton with an additional Stack data structure stack of symbols its transitions can take the top symbol on the stack and depend on its value, and they can add new top symbols to the stack. A deterministic pushdownautomaton DPDA or DPA is effectively a particular type of pushdownautomaton , namely one that has at most one transition for the same combination of input symbol, state, and top stack symbol. Technically however, the notion of determinism for pushdown automata is more complicated than for finite automata as the transition is determined by both state and top stack symbol. This means that if we omit the stack from a deterministic pushdownautomaton we usually end up with a nondeterministic finite automaton NDFA or NFA . The term pushdown refers to the fact that the stack can be regarded as being pushed down like a tray dispenser at a cafeteria, since the operations never work on elements other than the top element. A stack automaton , by contrast, does allow operations on other elements, and stack automata can recognize a strictly larger set of languages than pushdown automata. A deterministic context free language is a language recognized by some deterministic pushdownautomaton. Not all context free languages are deterministic ... by final state . The two are not equivalent for the deterministic pushdownautomaton although they are for the non deterministic pushdownautomaton . The languages accepted by empty stack are the languages ... of another word in the language. Similarly, unlike the nondeterministic pushdownautomaton, restricting ... BF01946814 ref . Computation The formal definition of the computation is the same as that of the pushdownautomaton , with the only difference being that there is now only one computation for each input. For an automaton A, L A is the set of inputs such that there is a computation from the initial ... pushdown automata is decidable journal AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING year 1997 volume 1256 1997 ... more details
merge from Nested stack automaton discuss Talk Nested stack automaton Merge proposal date April 2012 An embedded pushdownautomaton or EPDA is a computational model for parsing languages generated by tree adjoining grammar s TAGs . It is similar to the context free grammar parsing pushdownautomaton , except that instead of using a plain stack data structure stack to store symbols, it has a stack of iterated stacks that store symbols, giving TAGs a generative capacity between context free grammars and context sensitive grammar s, or a subset of the mildly context sensitive grammar s. History and applications EPDAs were first described by K. Vijay Shanker in his 1988 doctoral thesis ref cite journal last Vijay Shanker first K. authorlink coauthors year 1988 month January title A Study of Tree Adjoining Grammars journal Ph.D. Thesis publisher University of Pennsylvania volume issue pages id url accessdate quote ref . They have since been applied to more complete descriptions of the class of mildly context sensitive grammars and have had important roles in extending and refining the Chomsky hierarchy to this class. Various subgrammars, such as the linear indexed grammar , can thus be defined ref cite journal last Weir first David J. authorlink coauthors year 1994 month title Linear Iterated Pushdowns journal Computational Intelligence volume 10 issue 4 pages 431 439 id url http www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk users davidw papers ci94.ps accessdate 2007 11 21 quote doi 10.1111 j.1467 8640.1994.tb00007.x ref . They are also beginning to play an important role in natural language processing. While natural languages have traditionally been analyzed using context free grammars see transformational generative grammar and computational linguistics , this model does not work well for languages with crossed dependencies, such as Dutch, situations for which an EPDA is well suited. A detailed ... of its elements, so we denote the math ,j math th stack in the automaton using a double dagger symbol ... more details
context date November 2008 Image CableMachinePushdown.JPG thumb right 250px Pushdown on a cable machine A pushdown is a strength training exercise used for strengthening the triceps muscles in the back of the arm. The exercise is completed by pushing an object downward against resistance. It is a little known fact that doing the triceps pushdown also works the biceps muscle as well. Citation needed date January 2012 This is also vice versa for the bicep curls, which work the triceps. Citation needed date January 2012 Strength training exercises Category Weight training exercises sports stub nl Cable pushdown ... more details
Distinguish2 automation as a process About a self operating machine other uses Automaton disambiguation ... Vaucanson , hailed in 1739 as the first automaton capable of digestion An automaton plural automata ... automaton is the latinization of the Greek language Greek lang grc , automaton , neuter ... Theory volume 36 issue 5 pages 589 603 publisher Elsevier ref Image CIMA mg 8332.jpg thumb Automaton ... automaton was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal ... a hand washing automaton first employing the flush mechanism now used in modern flush toilet s. It features a female automaton standing by a Sink basin filled with water. When the user pulls the lever, the water drains and the female automaton refills the basin. ref citation title Robot Evolution The Development ... Modern automata File Cuckoo strikes the 8th hour.ogv thumb right A Cuckoo clock with a built in automaton ... sketched a more complex automaton around the year 1495. The design of Leonardo s robot was not rediscovered ... thumb Tea serving Japanese automaton, karakuri ningy , with mechanism right , 19th century The world s first successfully built biomechanical automaton is considered to be The Flute ... purporting to be an automaton. The Turk was operated from inside by a hidden human director, and was not a true automaton. Other 18th century automaton makers include the prolific Frenchman Pierre Jaquet ..., created an automaton capable of drawing four pictures and writing three poems. Maillardet s Automaton ... born John Joseph Merlin created the mechanism of the Silver Swan automaton Silver Swan automaton ... a passion for automaton clocks and pocket watches, and the Sing Song Merchants, as European watchmakers ... ingenuity. See also Portal Robotics Automaton clock Android robot Android Animatronics Centre International ... The Jaquet Droz automaton The Diagram Group 2001 Musical Instruments of the World , Sterling Publishing ... 2 External links Sister project links wikt automaton commons Category Automata n no v no q no s 1911 ... more details
multiple issues orphan November 2008 unreferenced November 2008 expert December 2010 In computer science , a counter automaton is a Pushdown automaton with only two symbols, A and the initial symbol in math Gamma , math the finite set of stack symbols . This class of automata can recognize a subset of Context free languages, for instance the language math a nb n n in mathbb N math To accept the above language, let x be a word on the form above. The automaton can use the symbol A to count the number of a s in x writing an A for each A in x and deleting an A for each b in x . DEFAULTSORT Counter Automaton Category Automata theory Category Models of computation Comp sci stub ... more details
wiktionary automaton An automaton is a self operating machine. Automaton may also refer to Automaton , a song by London s Neo New Wave Band The Rakes An automaton, an abstract machine in mathematics see automata theory AUTOMATON, an electronic duo out of Victoria, BC, Canada. See also Automation disambig bg es Aut mata eo A tomato fr Automate hr Automat lt Automatas uz Avtomat ru sk Automat th ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 In theoretical computer science and automata theory , determinizing a non deterministic automaton is a very important procedure. This procedure accepts a non deterministic automaton of some type and returns another deterministic automaton that recognizes exactly the same formal language . Such procedure for some type of automata are very useful for their software implementation. For example, if one have a query to check for a given word if it is accepted by a given non deterministic automaton then one have to check every possible run of the automaton. Alternatively, one can determinize the given non deterministic automaton and then, for each instant of above query, one will have to check only one run. For example, the powerset construction aka subset construction is a standard method for converting a nondeterministic finite automaton NFA into a deterministic finite automaton DFA . Category Automata theory ... more details
LaTrobe University ref See also Computability Turing machine equivalents Deterministic finite automatonPushdownautomaton Tag system http pleasingfungus.com Manufactoria Manufactoria , a browser flash ...A queue machine or queue automaton is a finite state machine with the ability to store and retrieve data from an infinite memory queue data structure queue . It is a model of computation equivalent to a Turing machine , and therefore it can process any formal language . Theory We define a queue machine by the six tuple math M Q, Sigma, Gamma, , s, delta math where math ,Q math is a finite set of states math , Sigma math is the finite set of the input alphabet math , Gamma math is the finite queue alphabet math , in Gamma Sigma math is the initial queue symbol math ,s in Q math is the start state math , delta Q times Gamma rightarrow Q times Gamma math is the transition function . We define the current status of the machine by a configuration , an ordered pair of its state and queue contents math , q, gamma in Q times Gamma math note math , Gamma math defines the Kleene closure or set of all supersets of math , Gamma math . Therefore the starting configuration on an input string math ,x math is defined as math , s,x math , and we can define our transition as the function that, given an initial state and queue, takes the function to a new state and queue. Note the first in first out property of the queue in the relation math , p,A alpha rightarrow M 1 q, alpha gamma math where math , rightarrow M 1 math defines the next configuration relation, or simply the transition function from one configuration to the next. The machine accepts a string math ,x in Sigma math if after a possibly infinite number of transitions the starting configuration evolves to exhaust the string reaching a null string math , epsilon math , or math , s,x rightarrow M q, epsilon . math ref cite book last Kozen first Dexter C. editor David Gries, Fred B. Schneider title Automata and Computability origyear ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Deterministic automaton is a concept of automata theory in which the outcome of a transition from one State computer science state to another given a certain input can be predicted for every occurrence. A common deterministic automaton is a deterministic finite automaton DFA which is a finite state machine where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state. DFAs recognize the set of regular languages and no other languages. The standard way to build a deterministic finite automaton from a nondeterministic finite automaton is the powerset construction . Formal languages and grammars DEFAULTSORT Deterministic Automaton Category Automata theory Comp sci theory stub pt M quina de estados finitos determin stica uk ... more details
In automata theory , a Muller automaton is a type of an automaton . The acceptance condition separates a Muller automaton from other automata. The Muller automata is defined using automaton Acceptance conditions Muller acceptance condition , i.e. the set of all states visited infinitely often must be an element of the acceptance set. Both deterministic and non deterministic Muller automata recognize the regular language s. Formal definition Formally, a deterministic Muller automaton is a tuple ... of infinitely often occurring states is an element of F In a non deterministic Muller automaton ... automaton refers to non deterministic Muller automaton. For more comprehensive formalism look at automaton . Equivalence with other automata The Muller automata are equally automaton Expressive power of automata expressive as parity automaton parity automata , Rabin automaton Rabin Automata , Streett automaton Streett automata , and non deterministic B chi automaton B chi automata , to mention ... s Theorem demonstrates the equivalence of non deterministic B chi automaton and deterministic Muller automaton. Thus, deterministic and non deterministic Muller automaton are equivalent in terms of the languages they can accept. Transformation to non deterministic muller automaton Following ... muller automaton. From B chi automaton If math B math is the set of final states in a B chi automata ... emptyset math From Rabin automaton Parity automaton Similarly, the Rabin conditions math E j,F j ... j. Note that this covers the case of Parity automaton too, as the Parity acceptance condition can be expressed as Rabin acceptance condition easily. From Streett automaton The Streett conditions math ... , for all j. Transformation to deterministic muller automaton Union of two deterministic muller automaton From B chi automaton McNaughton s Theorem provides a procedure to transform non deterministic B chi automaton to deterministic Muller automaton. References http www.tcs.tifr.res.in pandya grad aut06 ... more details
A network automaton plural network automata is a mathematical system consisting of a graph theory network of nodes that evolves over time according to predetermined rules. It is similar in concept to a cellular automaton , but much less studied. Stephen Wolfram s book A New Kind of Science , which is primarily concerned with cellular automata, briefly discusses network automata, and suggests without positive evidence that the universe might at the very lowest level be a network automaton. Category Networks Category Cellular automata math stub physics stub ... more details
In computer science , a pebble automaton is an extension of tree walking automaton tree walking automata which allows the automaton to use a finite amount of pebbles , used for marking tree node fact date January 2011 . The result is a model stronger than ordinary tree walking automata, but still strictly weaker than tree automaton branching automata . Definitions A pebble automaton is a tree walking automaton with an additional finite set of fixed size containing pebbles, identified with math 1, 2, dots, n math . Besides ordinary actions, an automaton can put a pebble at a currently visited node, lift a pebble from the currently visited node and perform a test is the i th pebble present at the current node? . There is an important stack restriction on the order in which pebbles can be put or lifted the i 1 th pebble can be put only if the pebbles from 1st to i th are already on the tree, and the i 1 th pebble can be lifted only if pebbles from i 2 th to n th are not on the tree. Without this restriction, the automaton has undecidable emptiness and expressive power beyond regular tree languages. The class of languages recognized by deterministic resp. nondeterministic pebble automata with n pebbles is denoted math DPA n math resp. math PA n math . We also define math DPA bigcup n DPA n math and likewise math PA bigcup n PA n math . Examples to be added soon Properties there exists a language recognized by a pebble automaton with 1 pebble, but not by any tree walking automaton this implies that either math TWA subsetneq DPA math or these classes are incomparable, which is an open problem math PA subsetneq REG math , i.e. pebble automata are strictly weaker than tree automaton branching automata it is not known whether math DPA PA math , i.e. whether pebble automata can be determinized it is not known whether pebble automata are closed under complementation the pebble hierarchy ... transitive closure logic. See also Tree walking automaton Tree walking automata Tree automaton ... more details
In computer science and automata theory , a B chi automaton is a type of automaton , which extends a finite automaton to infinite inputs. It accepts an infinite input sequence iff there exists a run of the automaton that visits at least one of the final states infinitely often. B chi automata recognize ... the Swiss mathematician Julius Richard B chi who invented this kind of automaton in 1962. ref J.R. ... in linear temporal logic . Formal definition Formally, a deterministic B chi automaton is a tuple ... B chi automaton , the transition function is replaced with a transition relation that returns ... sub . Generally, B chi automaton refers to non deterministic B chi automaton. For more comprehensive formalism see also automaton . Closure properties The set of B chi automata is closed under the following ... C sub , F sub C sub be a finite automaton . Union There is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language ... , I sub A sub I sub B sub , F sub A sub F sub B sub . Intersection There is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language L A L B . Proof The B chi automaton A Q , , ,I ,F recognizes L A L ... sub sup 1 sup ,i sup 1 sup ,... is a run of automaton A on input word w iff r sub A sub q sub A sub ... r is accepted by A . Concatenation There is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language L C L A . Proof If we assume, w.l.o.g. , Q sub C sub Q sub A sub is empty then the B chi automaton A Q sub ... sub I sub A sub closure If L C does not contain empty word then there is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language L C sup sup . Proof The B chi automaton that recognizes L C sup sup is constructed in two stages. First, we construct a finite automaton A such that A also recognizes ... L C does not contain the empty string. Second, we will construct the B chi automaton A that recognize ... new sub q F sub C sub . q,a,q . Complementation There is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language L A . Proof The proof is presented Complementation of B chi automaton here ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 orphan February 2009 context October 2009 Mobile automaton plural mobile automata is a class of automata similar to cellular automata but which have a single active cell instead of updating all cells in parallel. In a mobile automaton, the evolution rules apply only to the active cell, and also specify how the active cell moves from one generation to the next. All cells that are not active remain the same from one generation to the next. Mobile automata can therefore be considered a hybrid between elementary cellular automata and Turing machines. References MathWorld urlname MobileAutomaton title Mobile Automaton Category Cellular automata ... more details
In mathematics and computer science , the probabilistic automaton PA is a generalization of the non deterministic finite automaton it includes the probability of a given transition into the finite state ... automaton generalizes the concept of a Markov chain or subshift of finite type . The formal ... automaton . In recent years, a variant has been formulated in terms of quantum probabilities, the quantum finite automaton . Definition The probabilistic automaton may be defined as an extension of a non deterministic finite automaton math Q, Sigma, delta,q 0,F math , together with two probabilities ... state math q 0 math replaced by a stochastic vector giving the probability of the automaton being in a given initial state. For the ordinary non deterministic finite automaton, one has a finite Set ... finite automaton can be written as a membership function math delta Q times Sigma times Q to 0,1 ... defined for a non deterministic finite automaton. The probabilistic automaton replaces this matrix ... letters math a math and internal states math q math . The initial state of a probabilistic automaton ... The transition matrix acts on the right, so that the state of the probabilistic automaton, after ... of a probabilistic automaton is always a stochastic vector, since the product of any two stochastic ... that it is a discrete probability distribution . Formally, the definition of a probabilistic automaton does not require the mechanics of the non deterministic automaton, which may be dispensed with. Formally, a probabilistic automaton PA is defined as the tuple math Q, Sigma,P, v, F math . A Rabin automaton is one for which the initial distribution math v math is a coordinate vector that is, has ... or final states of the automaton. By abuse of notation, math Q text accept math can also be understood ... scalar . The language recognized by a specific automaton is then defined as math L eta s in Sigma vert ... . Every stochastic language is representable by a Rabin automaton. If math eta math is an isolated ... more details
In automata theory , a permutation automaton , or pure group automaton , is a deterministic finite automaton such that each input symbol permutation permutes the set of states. ref name McNaughton1967 Citation title The Loop Complexity of Pure Group Events year 1967 month August author McNaughton, Robert journal Information and Control pages 167 176 volume 11 issue 1 2 doi 10.1016 S0019 9958 67 90481 0 ref ref cite journal last Thierrin first Gabriel year 1968 month March title Permutation automata journal Theory of Computing Systems volume 2 issue 1 pages 83 90 doi 10.1007 BF01691347 ref Formally, a deterministic finite automaton mvar A may be defined by the tuple math S , I , &delta , s sub 0 sub , F where mvar S is the set of states of the automaton, mvar I is the set of input symbols, math &delta is the transition function that takes a state mvar s and an input symbol mvar x to a new state math &delta s , x , math s sub 0 sub is the initial state of the automaton, and mvar F is the set of accepting or final states of the automaton. mvar A is a permutation automaton if and only if, for every two distinct states math s sub i sub and math s sub j sub in mvar S and every input symbol mvar x in mvar I , math &delta s sub i sub , x &delta s sub j sub , x . A formal language is p regular also a pure group language if it is accepted by a permutation automaton. For example, the set of strings of even length forms a p regular language it may be accepted by a permutation automaton with two states in which every transition replaces one state by the other. Applications The pure group languages were the first interesting family of regular languages for which the star height problem was proved to be computable . ref name McNaughton1967 ref name Brzozowski80 Janusz Brzozowski computer scientist Janusz A. Brzozowski Open problems about regular languages , In Ronald V. Book, editor, Formal language theory Perspectives and open problems , pp. 23 47. Academic Press, 1980 https ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE automaton In automata theory , a branch of theoretical computer science , an automaton or stream automaton is a variation of finite automaton that runs on infinite, rather than finite ... of automata include the B chi automaton B chi automata , Rabin automata , Streett automata , parity automata and Muller automaton Muller automata , each deterministic or non deterministic. These classes of automata differ only in terms of automaton Acceptance conditions acceptance condition ... for a given language. Deterministic automata Formally, a deterministic automaton is a tuple ... , a sub 2 sub . ... r sub n sub r sub n 1 sub , a sub n sub . The main purpose of an automaton ... finite automaton every run ends with a state r sub n sub and the input is accepted if and only ... run is in Acc . The set of accepted input words is called the recognized language by the automaton ... automata Formally, a nondeterministic automaton is a tuple A Q , , , Q sub 0 sub , Acc ... of states. Acc is the acceptance condition , a subset of Q sup sup . Unlike a deterministic automaton ... of r sub n 1 sub , a sub n sub . A nondeterministic automaton may admit many different runs ... automaton can be regarded as a nondeterministic automaton by taking to be the graph ... infinitely often will be helpful in defining the following acceptance conditions. A B chi automaton is an automaton A that uses the following acceptance condition, for some subset F of Q B chi ... that sub n sub is accepting for infinitely many natural numbers n . A Rabin automaton is an automaton A that uses the following acceptance condition, for some set of pairs E sub ... sub i sub Inf is not empty. A Streett automaton is an automaton A that uses the following ... condition is the negation of the Rabin condition. Therefore a deterministic Streett automaton accepts exactly the complement of the language accepted by the deterministic Rabin automaton consisting ... more details
File Automaton.JPG thumb Automaton clock in Gloucester . The figures striking the quarter hours and the chimes represent the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. They are L R Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. In the centre is Old Father Time, who strikes the hours. File Cuckoo strikes the 8th hour.ogv thumb left A Cuckoo clock with mechanical automaton that flaps its wing and opens its beak in time to the sound of a Cuckoo s call to indicate the hours on the analogue dial. An automaton clock or automata clock is a type of striking clock featuring automaton s. ref Cite web url http www.vam.ac.uk content videos m musical automaton clock title Musical automaton clock accessdate 2011 09 16 publisher Victoria and Albert Museum, London ref Clocks like these were built from the first century BC through to Victorian era Victorian times in Europe . A Cuckoo clock is a simple form of this type of clock. Image Clepsydra Diagram Fancy.jpeg thumb right An early 19th century illustration ref This engraving is taken from Rees s Clocks, Watches, and Chronometers 1819 20. The design of the illustration was modified from Claude Perrault s illustrations in his 1684 translation of Vitruvius s Les Dix Livres d Architecture 1st century BC , of which he describes Ctesibius s clepsydra in great length. ref of Ctesibius s clepsydra from the 3rd century BC. The hour indicator ascends as water flows in. Also, a series of gears rotate a cylinder to correspond to the temporal hours. The first known mention is of those created by the Ancient Rome Roman engineer Vitruvius , describing early alarm clocks working with gongs or trumpets. ref name John G. Landels 35 John G. Landels Water Clocks and Time Measurement in Classical Antiquity , Endeavour , Vol. 3, No. 1 1979 , pp. 32 37 35 ref Later ... automaton clocks are widespread in Japan , where they are known as Karakuri ningy karakuri ..., Kit Williams produced a series of large automaton clocks for a handful of British shopping mall shopping ... more details
Infobox film name Automaton Transfusion image Automaton Transfusion VideoCover.png caption imgae size 190px director Steven C Miller producer Will Clevinger br Geoffrey James Clark writer Steven C Miller starring Garrett Jones br Juliet Reeves br William Howard Bowman music cinematography Jeff Dolen editing distributor Dimension Extreme released runtime 70 minutes country Film US language English budget 30,000 Automaton Transfusion is an Independent film indie horror film written and directed by Steven C Miller . Automaton Transfusion was shot on location in Orlando, Florida on an estimated budget of 30,000. ref cite web url http abcnews.go.com WNT story?id 2611799&page 1 title Evolution of Scary Movies last Rooney first Brian publisher ABC News date October 27, 2006 accessdate August 22, 2011 archiveurl http www.webcitation.org 617rX6x73 archivedate August 22, 2011 ref It is intended to be the first of a trilogy of horror movies, and emulates classic examples of the genre. The film was purchased and released by Dimension Extreme , the straight to DVD genre arm of The Weinstein Company. Automaton Transfusion 2 will be released in 2012. ref name Automaton Transfusion 2 http www.imdb.com title tt0924411 ref Plot summary In the early 1970s when everyone in America was worrying about what was going on in Vietnam, the United States Army was secretly developing a way to reanimate the dead. Their intention was to have the dead fight instead of the living, but the experiments were shut down when the Zombie reanimated corpses were unable to control their hunger for human flesh. Thirty years later the army decides to reopen the project. Grover City, because of its remote location, would ... A Zombie Movie made in Disney World s Backyard Automaton Transfusion ref Dread Central s Uncle Creepy ... reviews automaton transfusion 2006 Dread Central Review ref Internet critic Phelan Porteous ... Automaton Transfusion Category 2008 films Category Zombie films Category Independent films Category ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2010 A tree automaton is a type of state machine . Tree automata deal with tree structure s, rather than the string computer science strings of more conventional state machines. The following article deals with branching tree automata, which correspond to regular languages of trees. For a different notion of tree automaton, see tree walking automaton . As with classical automata, finite tree automata FTA can be either a deterministic automaton or not. According to how the automaton processes the input tree, finite tree automata can be of two types a bottom up, b top down. This is an important issue, as although non deterministic ND top down and ND bottom up tree automata are equivalent in expressive power, deterministic top down automata are strictly less powerful ... up finite tree automaton over math F math is defined by math Q, F, Q f , Delta math Here math Q math ... is accepted if the state labeled at the root is an accepting state. A top down finite tree automaton ... nodes. Consequently a deterministic top down tree automaton will only be able to test ... Determinism As said before, a deterministic tree automaton is one where no two transition rules have the same left hand side. This definition matches the intuitive idea that for an automaton to be deterministic ... up automaton, a ground term math t math that is, a tree is accepted if there exists a reduction that starts from t and ends with q t , where q is a final state. For a top down automaton, a ground ... q t is an initial state. The tree language math L A math recognized by a tree automaton math A math ... if there exists a tree automaton that recognizes it. One important property is that linear that is, arity ... finite tree automaton is complete if there is at least one transition rule available for every ... automaton states that the following three statements are equivalent L is a recognizable tree language ... verifit tools libvata DEFAULTSORT Tree Automaton Category Trees data structures Category Automata theory ... more details
In computer science , Constraint automata are a formalism to describe the behavior and possible data flow in coordination models ref http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2009acse.book..972N Linear Temporal Logic of Constraint Automata by Sara Navidpour and Mohammad Izadi, Department of Mathematical Science, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. ref . It was introduced by Arbab et al. ref http ftp.cwi.nl CWIreports SEN SEN R0309.pdf Effective Modeling of Software Architectural Assemblies Using Constraint Automata by Nikunj R. Mehta, Marjan Sirjani, and Farhad Arbab. Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica CWI Technical Report SEN R0309, October 22, 2003. ref as a variation of finite automata for model checking Reo connector circuits. Constraint automata can be considered generalizations of Probabilistic automaton probabilistic automata , in which data constraints, instead of probabilities, label state transitions and influence their firing. See also Model checking Finite automata Probabilistic automaton Colored Petri net References reflist Category Automata theory ... more details
Context date October 2009 In automata theory , a hybrid automaton plural hybrid automata or hybrid automatons is a mathematical model for precisely describing systems in which digital computational processes interact with analog physical processes. A hybrid automaton is a finite state machine with a finite set of continuous variables whose values are described by a set of ordinary differential equations . This combined specification of discrete and continuous behaviors enables dynamic systems that comprise both digital and analog components to be modeled and analyzed. Examples A simple example is a room thermostat heater system where the temperature of the room evolves according to laws of thermodynamics and the state of the heater on off the thermostat senses the temperature, performs certain computations and turns the heater on and off. In general, hybrid automata have been used to model and analyze a variety of embedded systems including vehicle control system s, air traffic control systems, mobile robots , and processes from systems biology . Formal Definition An Alur Henzinger hybrid automaton math H math comprises the following components ref Henzinger, T.A. The Theory of Hybrid Automata . Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science LICS , pages 278 292, 1996. ref A finite set math X x 1, ..., x n math of real numbered variables. The number math n math is called the dimension of math H math . Let math dot X math be the set math dot x 1, . . . , dot x n math of dotted variables that represent rst derivatives during continuous change, and let ... in several flavors The Alur Henzinger hybrid automaton is a popular model it was developed primarily ... tah HyTech HyTech model checking tool is based on this model. The Hybrid Input Output Automaton model ... systems. Another formalism which is useful to model implementations of hybrid automaton is the lazy linear hybrid automaton . References references Further reading Rajeev Alur , Costas Courcoubetis, Nicolas ... more details
orphan date March 2009 sources date March 2009 A continuous automaton can be described as a cellular automaton extended so the valid states a cell can take are not just discrete for example, the states consist of integers between 0 and 3 , but continuous, for example, the real number range 0,1 . The cells however remain discretely separated from each other. One example is called Computational verb theory Computational Verb Cellular Networks computational verb cellular network CVCN ref cite journal last Yang first T. title Computational Verb Cellular Networks Part I A New Paradigm of Human Social Pattern Formation, journal International Journal of Computational Cognition volume 7 issue 1 pages 1 34 publisher Yang s Scientific Press date March 2009 accessdate 2010 04 17 ref ref cite journal last Yang first T. title Computational Verb Cellular Networks Part II One Dimensional Computational Verb Local Rules, journal International Journal of Computational Cognition volume 7 issue 1 pages 35 51 publisher Yang s Scientific Press date March 2009 accessdate 2010 04 17 ref ref cite journal last Yang first T. title Computational Verb Cellular Networks Part III Solutions of One Dimensional Computational Verb Cellular Networks, journal International Journal of Computational Cognition volume 7 issue 2 pages 1 11 publisher Yang s Scientific Press date June 2009 accessdate 2010 04 17 ref . , of which the states of cells are in the region of 0,1 . Such automata can be used to model certain physical reactions more closely, such as diffusion . One such diffusion model could conceivably consist of a transition function based on the average values of the neighbourhood of the cell. Many implementations of Finite Element Analysis can be thought of as continuous automata, though this degree of abstraction away from the physics of the problem is probably inappropriate. Continuous spatial automaton Continuous spatial automata resemble continuous automata in having continuous values, but they also ... more details
no footnotes date December 2008 Mephisto was the name given to a chess playing pseudo automaton built in 1876. Unlike The Turk and Ajeeb it had no hidden operator, instead being remotely controlled by electromechanical means. Constructed by Charles Godfrey Gumpel c.1835 1921 , an Alsace Alsatian manufacturer of artificial limbs, it took some 6 or 7 years to build and was first shown in 1878 at Gumpel s home in Leicester Square , London. Mephisto was mainly operated by chess master Isidor Gunsberg . Description Mephisto consisted of a life size figure of an elegant devil, dressed in red velvet and seated in an armchair in front of an ordinary table, where the chessboard was sited. The chessboard had indentations on each square to hold the bases of the chessmen to prevent them from moving. The figure was bolted to the table to enable its arm to reach across the board. ref Cite book last Gumpel first Charles Godfrey authorlink coauthors title Mephisto , the marvellous automaton, exhibited at the International Theatre, Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1889 publisher T. Pettitt & Co. year 1889 location page 46 url doi id isbn ref History It was the first automaton to win a Chess tournament when it was entered in the Counties Chess Association in London in 1878 and at one time had its own chess club. In 1879 Mephisto, with Gunsberg, went on tour, defeating every male player. When playing ladies, however, Mephisto would first obtain a winning position before losing the game then courteously offer to shake their hand afterwards. When Mephisto was shown at the Exposition Universelle 1889 Paris Exposition of 1889 it was operated by Jean Taubenhaus . After 1889 it was dismantled and its subsequent whereabouts are unknown. Mephisto chess computer Mephisto was later used as the name of a top line dedicated chess computer which won the World Microcomputer Chess Championship in the years 1985 1990. The name is now used by the consumer electronics company Saitek on its line of standalone ... more details
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