stratum granulosum. The roof of the pustule is parakeratotic stratum cirneum, and the floor is formed ... York City Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , 2004. 17f ref Neutrophils begin to fill the pustule. Toxins ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Ceratomyxa shasta image C Shasta.gif image width 200px image caption Ceratomyxa shasta spores regnum Animal ia phylum Myxozoa classis Myxosporea ordo Bivalvulida familia Ceratomyxidae genus Ceratomyxa species C. shasta binomial Ceratomyxa shasta binomial authority Elmer Noble Noble , 1950 Ceratomyxa shasta is a myxosporea n parasite that infects salmonidae salmonid fish on the Pacific coast of North America. It was first observed at the Crystal Lake Hatchery, Shasta County , California , and has now been reported from Idaho , Oregon , Washington U.S. state Washington , British Columbia and Alaska Bartholomew et al. 1989 . Life history In addition to the fish host, C. shasta infects a freshwater polychaete worm Bartholomew et al., 1997 . Actinospores are released from the worm, and infect fish, on contact, in the water column. Neither horizontal fish to fish , nor vertical fish to egg transmissions have been documented under laboratory conditions, suggesting that the worm host is necessary for completion of the life cycle. Spores are released back into freshwater system after its fish host dies, however the complete life cycle, host and vector interaction is not fully understood especially the ecology of the polychaete host . Research indicates that the potential for infection is enhanced when water temperatures are high, water flow is low, or numbers of infectious C. shasta are relatively high. Infection rates appear to be higher in or below still water environments than river ine ones. Pathology of infection Clinical indications of infection in salmons include lethargy , loss of body mass, darkening of the skin , ascites , eye exopthalmia and kidney pustule s, These symptoms vary from one salmonid species to another, and also depend on life stage of the host. Internally, infection with C. shasta affects entire digestive system digestive tract , liver , gall bladder , spleen , gonads , kidney , heart , gill s, and muscle tissues. Infection ... more details
Refimprove date September 2008 Infobox Disease Name Acrodermatitis enteropathica Image Caption Acrodermatitis enteropathica DiseasesDB 29602 ICD10 ICD10 E 83 2 e 70 ILDS E83.210 ICD9 ICD9 686.8 ICDO OMIM 201100 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj derm eMedicineTopic 5 MeshID Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive ref name pmid11254458 cite journal pmid 11254458 year 2001 month April author Wang, K Pugh, Ew Griffen, S Doheny, Kf Mostafa, Wz Al Aboosi, Mm El Shanti, H Gitschier, J title Homozygosity mapping places the acrodermatitis enteropathica gene on chromosomal region 8q24.3 volume 68 issue 4 pages 1055 60 pmc 1275625 doi 10.1086 319514 journal American journal of human genetics ref metabolic disorder affecting the uptake of zinc , characterized by periorificial around the natural orifices and acral in the limbs dermatitis , alopecia loss of hair , and diarrhea . Similar features may be present in acquired zinc deficiency. This disease also is related to deficiency of zinc due to congenital causes. Other names for acrodermatitis enteropathica include Brandt syndrome Danbolt Cross syndrome Congenital zinc deficiency Signs and symptoms Features of acrodermatitis enteropathica start appearing in the first few months of life, as the infant discontinues breast milk. There are erythematous patches and plaques of dry, scaly skin. The lesions may appear eczema tous, or may evolve further into crusted Vesicle dermatology vesicles , Blister bulla s or pustule s. The lesions are frequent around the mouth and anus , and also in hands, feet and scalp . There may be suppurative inflammation of the nail fold surrounding the nail plate known as paronychia . Alopecia loss of hair from scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes may occur. The skin lesions may be secondarily infected by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or fungus fungi like Candida albicans . These skin lesions are accompanied by diarrhea. Genetics Image autorecessive.svg thumb right Acrod ... more details
Image Bacterial otitis in dog.jpg thumb right Pustule s , small raw circles or patches in a dogs ear , typical of some kinds of otitis of bacterial infection. Image Bacterial otitis in dog.jpg detailed image Otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Animals are commonly prone to ear infection, and this is one of the most common manifestations of allergy in dogs. In dogs, those breeds with floppy ears are more prone, since air flow is limited and a warm, moist environment built up, which is conducive to infection. The external ear in animals is longer and deeper than in humans, which makes it easier for infection or wax to build up or be hard to remove. Complete ear canal inspection requires the use of an otoscope by a veterinarian . Infections are usually secondary to inflammation or to improper grooming techniques. Infections can be caused by both bacteria l and mycosis fungal origin, as well as small organisms such as ear mite s. Malassezia pachydermatis is a common fungal agent for ear infections in dogs. Staphylococcus intermedius is the most common bacterial infection. A more serious ear infection, with pus in the ear, may be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Symptoms Image Ear infection in cocker spaniel.JPG thumb left Severe otitis externa in a Cocker Spaniel Signs of ear infection include shaking of the head, and scratching at or under the ear. Some animals may also paw the ear or try to rub it on other objects to relieve pain and discomfort. Ear infections often result in a darker red ear, dirt in the ear, or a general inflamed appearance. Image Chronic allergic otitis dog.jpg thumb Chronic allergic otitis externa in a dog with atopic dermatitis Treatment Treatment is usually by a dual regimen of ear cleaning and ear medication. Ear cleaning should be demonstrated by a veterinarian, due to the risk of pushing infected material deeper into the ear. The aim of cleaning is to remove any byproducts of the infection which lead to further ... more details
Infobox disease Name Papular mucinosis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 L98.5 ICD9 ICD9 701.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1074545 MeshID D053718 Papular mucinosis also known as Scleromyxedema, ref name Bolognia Generalized lichen myxedematosus, ref name Bolognia and Sclerodermoid lichen myxedematosus ref name Bolognia is a rare skin disease. Localized and disseminated cases are called papular mucinosis or lichen myxedematosus while generalized, confluent papular forms with Sclerosis medicine sclerosis are called scleromyxedema. Frequently, all three forms are regarded as papular mucinosis. However, some authors restrict it to only mild cases. Another form, acral persistent papular mucinosis is regarded as a separate entity. Classification Papular mucinosis may be divided into several types or variants ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref Acral persistent papular mucinosis Self healing papular mucinosis Papular mucinosis of infancy Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy Nodular lichen myxedematosus Localized lichen myxedematosus Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus Incidence Papular mucinosis affects adults of both sexes equally and appears between ages 30 and 80. Recently, it has been reported in patients infected with the HIV AIDS virus. Characteristic Papular mucinosis is chronic and may be progressive. The dermal layer of the skin breaks out into small and solid bumps, usually conical in shape and measured from 2 to 4 mm or sometimes flat topped papules . Unlike pustule s, these bumps do not contain pus . Instead they contain mucin , a substance of mucus, the body s natural and protective lubricant found in saliva and epithelial cells in lungs and the sensitive part of the nose. They usually come in clusters such as linear arrays. Less frequently, urticaria l, no ... more details
Leaf rust is a fungal disease of barley caused by Puccinia hordei . It is also known as brown rust and it is the most important rust disease on barley. ref name BarleyCompendium cite book last Mathre first D.E. title Compendium of barley diseases publisher American Phytopathological Society date 1997 pages 120 pp ref Symptoms Pustule s of leaf rust are small and circular, producing a mass of orange brown powdery spore s. They appear on the leaf sheaths and predominantly on the upper leaf surfaces. Heavily infected leaves die prematurely. Disease cycle In many areas, leaf rust requires green volunteer barley to survive between cropping seasons. However, in areas where the alternate host, the weed, Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum occurs, teliospores are able to infect the plant. They then can undergo a sexual reproduction cycle and produce aceiospores which can then re infect barley. Leaf rust develops rapidly between 15 and 22 C when moisture is not limiting. Following infection, new pustules and spores may be produced within 8 days. Urediniospores are wind borne and can be spread long distances. Teliospore development occurs later in the season either within uredial sori or within separate telial sori. The teliospores are thick walled and can persist between crops. Upon germination, they a promycelium basidium with four haploid sporidia basidiospores . The basidiospores can infect both barley and the alternate host. In western Canada, where the rust cannot overwinter and the alternate host is not present, the fungus may be re introduced annually as the rust moves northward from the southern United States. In eastern Canada, the alternate host is present, however, infection of barley by aeciospores has not been reported. ref name DiseasesOfFieldCrops cite book last Martens first J.W. coauthors W.L. Seaman, T.G. Atkinson title Diseases of field crops in Canada publisher Canadian Phytopathological Society date 1984 pages 160 pp ref Crop losses Leaf rust of ba ... more details
other uses Refimprove date October 2011 File Swollen eye with conjunctivitis.jpg thumb human eye Eye with conjunctivitis exuding pus File Abszess.jpg thumb An abscess is an enclosed collection of pus File Cholangitis.jpg thumb Duodenoscopy image of hepatopancreatic ampulla with pus extruding from it, indicative of cholangitis Pus exudate , typically white yellow, yellow, or yellow brown, formed at the site of inflammation during infection . ref cite web url http dictionary.reference.com browse Pus title Pus Definitions from Dictionary.com publisher reference.com accessdate 2008 08 18 last first ref An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess , whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis skin epidermis is known as a pustule or pimple . Pus consists of a thin, protein rich fluid, known as liquor puris , and dead leukocytes from the body s immune response mostly neutrophils . During infection, macrophage s release cytokine s which trigger neutrophils to seek the site of infection by chemotaxis . There, the neutrophils engulf and destroy the bacteria and the bacteria resist the immune response by releasing toxins called leukocidin s. ref name Biology Madigan, Michael T. and Martin, John M. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. USA. 2006 734 ref As the neutrophils die off from toxins and old age, they are phagocytosis destroyed by macrophages, forming the viscous pus. Bacteria that cause pus are called suppurative , pyogenic , ref name Biology ref DorlandsDict seven 000088920 pyogenic ref or purulent . If the agent also creates mucus , it is called mucopurulent . Purulent infections can be treated with an antiseptic . Despite normally being of a whitish yellow hue, changes in the color of pus can be observed under certain circumstances. Pus is sometimes green because of the presence of myeloperoxidase , an intensely green antibacterial protein produced by some types of white blood cells. Gree ... more details
Puppy strangles is a disease of puppies, also referred to as puppy head gland disease , juvenile pyoderma and juvenile cellulitis . Introduction Juvenile cellulitis is a relatively rare condition and so, may not initially be considered when puppies are first presented with what appears to be Staphylococcal infections staphylococcal pyoderma . ref name smh cite web last Hutchings first S.M. authorlink coauthors title The Canadian Veterinary Journal work publisher date url http www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov articlerender.fcgi?artid 340152 format doi accessdate August 2009 ref File Juvenile Cellulitis.JPG thumb Frame Puppy with juvenile cellulitis at 7 weeks old. ref http puppy strangles.blogspot.com ref Causes The cause of juvenile cellulitis is unknown. Cytopathology Cytologic examination of Needle aspiration biopsy aspirates of affected lymph node s, pustule s, abscess es, and joint fluid rarely reveal bacteria , and culture results of intact lesion s are always negative for bacterial growth , suggesting a nonbacterial etiology. ref name smh Symptoms Symptoms of juvenile cellulitis are dermatitis of the face, otitis externa , regional lymphadenopathy , lethargy , Depression mood depression and limb lameness. It is common for symptoms to appear after the puppies initial vaccination at about 6 weeks of age. Puppies with juvenile cellulitis are quiet, alert and responsive. Investigation into the limb lameness will reveal no abnormalities. Tests on the puppies ears will reveal no ear mite s. Heart and respiratory rates remain within Reference range normal range . As the condition worsens many papule s become visible on both Pinna anatomy pinnae . Small pimple s begin to develop on the puppies face, and severe lethargy begins to set in. Eating and drinking remain unchanged, and there is no vomiting or diarrhoea . Numerous pustules begin to develop on the muzzle, the pinnae and around the eyes. As the condition worsens, puppies become unwilling to walk or stand. Submandibular ... more details
s arm. She would then haggle with the child s mother over the cost of each pustule. When a bargain ... a smallpox pustule and rubbed into a cut made into the patient s skin. This practice spread more widely ... from a cowpox pustule rather than a smallpox pustule was scratched into the skin. Vaccination ... more details
, but Dr. Osbourne, a member of the CDC team, tries to stop her. A pustule on Torrance s body erupts ... Frank Spotnitz remarked, When we saw the pustule bursting on film, we just laughed because it was just ... more details
Infobox disease Name Chloracne Image Caption DiseasesDB 31706 ICD10 ICD10 L 70 8 l 60 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj topic eMedicineTopic 620 eMedicine mult br Acneiform Eruptions MeshID D054506 File Chloracne in herbicide worker.gif thumb right 200px Chloracne on the face and neck of a herbicide production worker. Chloracne is an Acne vulgaris acne like eruption of blackhead s, cyst s, and pustule s associated with over exposure to certain halogen ated aromatic compound s, such as Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofuran s. The lesions are most frequently found on the cheeks, behind the ears, in the armpits and groin region. The condition was first described in German industrial workers in 1897 by von Bettman, and was initially believed to be caused by exposure to toxic chlorine hence the name chloracne . It was only in the mid 1950s that chloracne was associated with aromatic hydrocarbons. ref name ref1 Cite web author Williams DE, Wolfe WH, Lustik MB, et al. year 1995 title An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides volume 4 pages 427 publisher id A313403 url http www.stormingmedia.us 31 3134 A313403.html ref The substances that may cause chloracne are now collectively known as chloracnegens . Chloracne is particularly linked to toxic exposure to Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins dioxin s byproducts of many chemical process es, including the manufacture of herbicides such as Agent Orange &mdash so much so that it is considered a clinical sign of dioxin exposure. The severity and onset of chloracne may follow a typical asymptote asymptotic dose response relationship curve . Etiology and progression Chloracne normally results from direct skin contact with chloracnegens, although ingestion and inhalation are also possible causative routes. Chloracnegens are fat soluble, meaning they persist in the body fat for a very long period following exposure. Chloracne is a chronic ... more details
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