GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infectious disease infection . This article deals with human pathogenic bacteria. Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, quite a few bacteria are pathogenic . One of the bacterial diseases ... kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia , which can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas , and foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as Shigella , Campylobacter and Salmonella . Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus , typhoid ... pathogenic Conditionally pathogenic bacteria are only pathogenic under certain conditions, such as a wound ... http www.ajhp.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11885408 ref Some species of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas ... of other organisms. Still, infections with intracellular bacteria may be asymptomatic , such as during the incubation period . An example of intracellular bacteria is Rickettsia . One species of Rickettsia ... with Trichomonas vaginalis trichomoniasis , which are not caused by bacteria . ref cite web url http ... exclusively caused by bacteria. Symptoms include frequent feeling and or need to urinate, pain ... have bacteria in it, ref cite web url http www.med.umich.edu 1libr aha aha asybac crs.htm title Adult Health Advisor 2005.4 Bacteria in Urine, No Symptoms Asymptomatic Bacteriuria accessdate 2007 08 25 ... archivedate 2007 07 12 ref but when bacteria get into the Urinary bladder bladder or kidney and multiply ... bacteria. Such pathogenic enteric bacteria are generally distinguished from the usually harmless bacteria of the normal gut flora , but the distinction is often not fully clear, and Escherichia , for example ... bacteria l human skin skin infection most common among pre school children. ref http www.nhs.uk .... 843 ISBN 978 1 4160 2973 1 ref Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacteria l infection ref DorlandsDict ... more details
Cancer bacteria are bacteria l infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. While cancer associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself , there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogen ic. The strongest evidence to date involves the bacterium H. pylori and its role in gastric cancer. Oncovirus es are virus viral agents that are similarly suspected of causing cancer. Known to cause cancer Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and duodenum . In some cases it can cause stomach cancer ref name Egi cite journal author Egi Y, Ito M, Tanaka S, et al title Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic inflammation in gastric cancer in the cardia journal Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. volume 37 issue 5 pages 365 9 year 2007 month May pmid 17578895 doi 10.1093 jjco hym029 ref ref cite journal author Peter S, Beglinger C title Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer the causal relationship journal Digestion volume 75 issue 1 pages 25 35 year 2007 pmid 17429205 doi 10.1159 000101564 ref and MALT lymphoma . ref name Morgner cite journal author Morgner A, Bayerd rffer ... Speculative links A number of bacteria have associations with cancer, although their possible role in carcinogenesis is unclear. class wikitable Bacteria Suggested link Salmonella typhi is associated with gallbladder cancer . ref name Mager cite journal author Mager DL title Bacteria and cancer cause ... name Mager Bacteria found in the gut may be related to colon cancer but may be more complicated due ... be linked to oral cancer s. ref cite doi 10.1002 hed.21140 ref The relationship between cancer and bacteria ... claimed to have found bacteria associated with different types of cancers. ref cite journal author .... ref See also Oncovirus References reflist 2 Tumors DEFAULTSORT Cancer Bacteria Category Carcinogenesis Category Bacteria ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria , or sometimes Knallgas bacteria , are bacteria which oxidize hydrogen . See microbial metabolism Microbial metabolism Hydrogen oxidation hydrogen oxidation . These bacteria include Hydrogenobacter thermophilus , Hydrogenovibrio marinus , and Helicobacter pylori . There are both Gram positive and Gram negative knallgas bacteria. Most grow best under microaerophilic conditions. They do this because the hydrogenase enzyme used in hydrogen oxidation is inhibited by the presence of oxygen, but oxygen is still needed as a terminal electron acceptor . The word Knallgas is Swedish language Swedish and German language German for bang gas and means a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen see oxyhydrogen . DEFAULTSORT Knallgas Bacteria Category Bacteria Category Hydrogen bacteria stub cs Vod kov bakterie ru ... more details
High GC content bacteria are Gram positive bacteria with a high number of guanine and cytosine bases as compared to adenine and thymine . These bacteria are of the class Actinobacteria ref NCBI Taxonomy browser, http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Undef&id 201174&lvl 3&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock, accessed 3 13 07. ref . For more information, see GC content . References references bacteria stub Category Microbiology ... more details
Sulfur reducing bacteria SRB get their energy by redox reaction reducing elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide . They couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate , succinate or other organic compounds . Several types of bacteria and many non methanogen ic archaea can reduce sulfur. Some bacteria spaced ndash such as Proteus bacterium Proteus , Campylobacter , Pseudomonas and Salmonella spaced ndash have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors. Others, such as Desulfuromonas , use only sulfur. These bacteria can be used in industrial processes to generate hydrogen sulfide for the precipitation of metals. Some bacteria can use both elemental sulfur and sulfate as electron acceptors. See sulfate reducing bacteria . References cite book last1 Brock first1 Thomas D. authorlink1 Thomas D. Brichael T. last3 Martinko first3 John M. last4 Parker first4 Jack title Biology of Microorganisms publisher Prentice Hall date 1994 location New Jersey pages 749 752 isbn 1 4058 5345 X bacteria stub Category Phototrophic bacteria Category Hydrogen biology Category Microbiology cs Sirn bakterie de Schwefeloxidierende Bakterien es Bacteria reductora de azufre fi Rikkibakteerit uk ... more details
image P vortex.PNG thumb alt alt text Figure 1 Colony of Paenibacillus vortex bacteria. Example of an elaborate ... are dense groups of bacteria, termed vortices, which swarm collectively around a common center to better ... Social IQ score of bacteria is a recently proposed quantitative score ref Sirota Madi A, Olender T, Helman ... tool to assess the genome potential of bacteria to conduct successful cooperative and adaptable behaviors ... realization that bacteria are smart creatures that can conduct intricate social life in large ... 2004 12 8 366 372. ref ref Dwyer DJ, Kohanski MA, Collins JJ. Networking opportunities for bacteria. Cell. Dec 26 2008 135 7 1153 1156. ref . While the number of bacteria in a colony Figure 1 can be more than 100 times the number of people on Earth, bacteria are able to make sure they are all synchronized ... deviations above normal. Bacteria s Social IQ image social IQ combined score.png thumb alt alt text Figure 2 The social IQ combined score as function of genome size of 502 bacteria. The Y axis presents ... Distribution of the Social IQ Score of Bacteria. The distribution of the social IQ scores of the 502 bacteria in terms of the relative scores relative to the average score divided by the standard deviation . The bacteria strains marked green belong to the Paenibacillus genus. The score is based on the number of genes which afford bacteria abilities to communicate and process environmental information .... Three bacteria species stand out with significantly high Social IQ score among all sequenced bacteria ... social skills Figure 2 . Notably, all these species belong to the same bacteria genus the Paenibacillus ... 260. ref . Our best friends and worst enemies Bacteria are the most prolific organisms on Earth. Many ... the human race from deadly bacterial diseases, we created a major health problem worldwide bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Even in the West, bacteria are one of the top 3 killers in hospitals today. Unaware of bacteria s social intelligence, we use antibiotics indiscriminately ... more details
The economic importance of bacteria derives from the fact that bacteria are exploited by humans in a number of beneficial ways. Despite the fact that some bacteria play harmful roles, such as causing disease and spoiling food, the economic importance of bacteria includes both their useful and harmful aspects. Useful Bacteria Biotechnology and bacteria Biotechnology or Industrial microbiology is defined as the application of organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae to the manufacturing and services ..., Bacteria, often Lactobacillus in combination with yeast s and mold s, have been used for thousands ..., acetone, organic acid, enzymes, perfumes etc. In the chemical industry, bacteria are most important ... and bacteria Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes. It is also called recombinant ... to insulin every day. Using biotechnology techniques, bacteria can also be bioengineer ed for the production ... and when they swell, inoculated with bacteria which hydrolyze pectic substance of the cell walls and separate the fibres.These separated fibres are used to make ropes and sacks. Digestion Some bacteria ... for these animals. Generally plant cells contain cellulose. The bacteria present in the stomach ... butyclicum is used for commercial preparation of riboflavin, and vitamin B. Pest control Bacteria ... Bacillus thuringiensis also called BT , a Gram positive, soil dwelling bacterium. This bacteria is used ... on human s, wildlife , pollinator s, and most other beneficial insect s. Harmful bacteria Some bacteria are harmful and act either as disease causing agents pathogen s both in plants and animals, or may play role in food spoilage. Plant pathogenic bacteria Plant disease caused by bacterial plant ... difficult to control because of the shortage of chemical control agents for bacteria, apart from ... for evolution of antibiotic resistance and the transmission of antibiotic resistance to bacteria that can ... Bacteria Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press year 2009 isbn 978 1 ... more details
Taxobox name Purple sulfur bacteria image image width 240px image caption Purple sulfur bacteria regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Chromatiales subdivision ranks Families subdivision Chromatiaceae br Ectothiorhodospiraceae br Granulosicoccaceae br Halothiobacillus Halothiobacillaceae The purple sulfur bacteria are a group of Proteobacteria capable of photosynthesis , collectively referred to as purple bacteria . They are Anaerobic organism anaerobic or microaerophilic , and are often found in hot spring s or stagnant water . Unlike Plantae plants , algae , and cyanobacteria , they do not use water as their reducing agent , and so do not produce oxygen . Instead they use hydrogen sulfide , which is Redox oxidized to produce granules of elemental sulfur . This in turn may be oxidized to form sulfuric acid . The purple sulfur bacteria are divided into two families, the Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae , which respectively produce internal and external sulfur granules, and show differences in the structure of their internal membranes. They make up the order Chromatiales, included in the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. The genus Halothiobacillus ... sulfur bacteria are generally found in illuminated anoxic zones of lakes and other aquatic habitats ... produced hydrogen sulfide can trigger the formation of blooms of purple sulfur bacteria. Anoxic conditions are required for photosynthesis these bacteria cannot thrive in oxygenated environments. ref ..., anaerobic bacteria associated with pelagic copepods , Aquatic Microbial Ecology Vol. 12, 105 113. ref The most favorable lakes for the development of purple sulfur bacteria are meromictic permanently ... bottom waters, and here purple sulfur bacteria can form dense cell masses, called blooms, usually in association with green phototrophic bacteria. See also Sulfur reducing bacteria Green Lake New ... Category Microbiology ca Bacteri porpra del sofre de Chromatiales es Bacteria p rpura del ... more details
bacteria 1977, Int J Syst Bacteriol 27, 355 361. ref The acetic acid bacteria are usually airborne ... and active motility. Vinegar is produced when acetic acid bacteria act on alcoholic beverages ... in propagating acetic acid bacteria ref http www.springerlink.com content 978 88 470 0865 6 section ... oxidize acetic acid, as they do not have a full set of Krebs cycle enzymes. Some acetic acid bacteria ... only by plants. As these bacteria produce acid, they are usually acid tolerant, growing well below ... dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.077 Genera and species in acetic acid bacteria, 2008 Int ... Polyphasic taxonomy of acetic acid bacteria An overview of the currently applied methodology, 2008 ... Biotechnological applications of acetic acid bacteria, 2008, Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Volume ... acid bacteria References reflist 2 wikispecies Acetobacteraceae DEFAULTSORT Acetic Acid Bacteria Category Rhodospirillales Category Proteobacteria Category Oenology Category Gram negative bacteria da ... more details
bacteria pink red rods . no px size to allow auto sizing per user Gram negative bacteria are bacteria ... commonly safranin is added after the crystal violet, coloring all Gram negative bacteria with a red or pink color. The test itself is useful in classifying two distinct types of bacteria based ... bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolorizing solution. The pathogenic capability of Gram negative bacteria is often associated with certain components of Gram negative ... thumb right Gram positive and negative bacteria are chiefly differentiated by their cell wall structure. j The following characteristics are displayed by Gram negative bacteria Cytoplasmic membrane Thin peptidoglycan layer which is much thinner than in Gram positive bacteria Bacterial outer ... of Bacteria. File Gram negative Bacteria Lab methods algorithm.svg 500px thumb Gram negative Bacteria ... Taxa of Bacteria journal International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology year 1978 volume 28 issue 1 pages 1 6 doi 10.1099 00207713 28 1 1 ref Since 1987, the monophyly of the Gram negative bacteria ... 1 19 ref It is worth stressing here that the description of bacterium bacteria as Gram positive or Gram ... and diderm bacterium bacteria are more appropriate. ref name Desvaux et al., 2009 The diderm bacteria can be further differentiated between diderm LPS and diderm mycolate, at least. ref name Sutcliffe ... are a major group of Gram negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli E. coli , Salmonella , Shigella ... , Stenotrophomonas , Bdellovibrio , acetic acid bacteria , Legionella and numerous others. Other notable groups of Gram negative bacteria include the cyanobacteria , spirochaete s, green sulfur bacteria green sulfur and green non sulfur bacteria . Medically relevant Gram negative Coccus cocci include ... , Salmonella typhi . Gram negative bacteria associated with nosocomial infection s include Acinetobacter ... characteristics of Gram negative bacteria is the structure of the Bacterial outer membrane outer membrane ... more details
reducing bacteria the bar in the upper right is 0.5 micrometer long. Sulfate reducing bacteria are those bacteria and archaea that can obtain energy by redox reaction oxidizing organic compound s or molecular ... oxygen, in a form of anaerobic respiration . Sulfate reducing bacteria can be traced back to 3.5 billion ... to the sulfur cycle soon after life emerged on Earth. ref name BF Many bacteria reduce small amounts ... sulfate reduction . By contrast, the sulfate reducing bacteria considered here reduce sulfate in large ... 1&ved 0CD0Q6AEwAA v onepage&q&f false title Sulfate reducing bacteria author Larry Barton ed. year 1995 publisher Springer ref Most of them are anaerobic organism anaerobes . Most sulfate reducing bacteria ... bacteria that can reduce fumarate , nitrate and nitrite , iron Fe III and some other metals ... in seawater, sediment, or water rich in decaying organic material. Sulfate reducing bacteria are common .... ref name Dyer In these anaerobic environments, fermentation biochemistry fermenting bacteria extract ... s are further oxidized by acetogen s and methanogen s and the competing sulfate reducing bacteria ... is due to metal sulfides that result from the action of sulfate reducing bacteria. The toxic hydrogen sulfide is a waste product of sulfate reducing bacteria its rotten egg odor is often a marker for the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria in nature. ref name Dyer cite book last Dexter Dyer first Betsey title A Field Guide to Bacteria publisher Comstock Publishing Associates Cornell University Press year 2003 location url doi id ref Sulfate reducing bacteria are responsible for the sulfurous ... event seems to have occurred where these forms of bacteria became the dominant force in oceanic ecosystems ... date October 2006 journal Scientific American ref Uses Some sulfate reducing bacteria can reduce hydrocarbon ... Sulfate reducing bacteria are considered as a possible way to deal with acid mine drainage acid mine waters that are produced by other bacteria. Problems caused by sulfate reducing bacteria In engineering ... more details
bacteria are antiphagocytic and hence are susceptible to antibody mediated immune response B cells ... due to encapsulated bacteria journal J Infect Dis volume 136 Suppl pages S25 30 pmid 330779 year 1977 ... . Alternatively they can be called the NHS bacteria, as in National Health Service in the UK. Children ..., more susceptible to encapsulated bacteria. This is especially true for children between six months ... the need for vaccinations in these conditions. See also Conjugate vaccine References Reflist Bacteria Category Bacteria Category Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria Category Microbiology ... more details
Orphan date October 2011 Aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria AAPB , also named aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophs AAPs , is a group of bacteria that are primarily heterotrophic but can utilize light energy through bacterial chlorophyll a . ref Nianzhi Jiao, Gerhard J. Herndl, Dennis A. Hansell, Ronald Benner, Gerhard Kattner, Steven W. Wilhelm, David L. Kirchman, Markus G. Weinbauer, Tingwei Luo, Feng Chen, Farooq Azam 2010 . Microbial Production of Recalcitrant Dissolved Organic Matter Long term Carbon Storage in the Global Ocean . Nature Reviews Microbiology 8, 593 599. dio 10. 1038 nrmicro2386 ref Description In contrast to other known anoxygenic phototrophs, these microbes are obligatory aerobes They metabolize carbon and other organic substrates and use O2 dependent respiration, but they also contain bacteriochlorophyll a, carotenoids , as well as photosynthetic reaction centers and light harvesting complexes. Although the amount of bacteriochlorophyll in these photoheterotrophs is lower than in other photosynthetic bacteria, they are capable of fixing CO2 during photosynthesis, and light enhances their growth. Their ancestors appear to be purple nonsulfur bacteria ... Bacteria in the South Pacific Ocean . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73 13 , 4198 4205 ... Bacteria to the Carbon Cycle in the Ocean . Science 29 2492 2495. doi 10.1126 ref Evolution and Taxonomy Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are classified in two marine Erythrobacter and Roseobacter ... Bacteria . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews , 62 3 1092 2172 ref Phylogenetically, they are not classified ... the subclass of Proteobacteria purple bacteria in which most of the purple nonsulfur bacteria as well as many non photosynthetic bacteria are included. Apparently, these aerobic BChl containing bacteria represent an evolutionary transient phase from anaerobic phototrophs to aerobic non phototrophs ... Bacteria ... more details
File Gram Stain Anthrax.jpg thumb right 300px Gram positive Bacillus anthracis bacteria purple rods in cerebrospinal ... bacteria is better for this purpose than this one, which shows some Gram positive bacteria mingled with a larger amount of other stuff. File 20110322 193829 Bacteria SMB UTI.jpg thumb right 300px Gram positive bacteria, stained purple, of both the bacillus &ldquo rod shaped&rdquo and coccus spherical forms. A few Gram negative bacteria are also present, stained pink. Numbered ticks are eleven 11 microns apart. Gram positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining . This is in contrast to Gram negative bacteria , which cannot retain the crystal violet ... in Gram negative bacteria . Characteristics File Gram Cell wall.svg thumb right 300px Gram positive ... as opposed to four in Gram negative bacteria because Gram positive bacteria have only one membrane ... transpeptidase enzyme. In gram negative bacteria, the transpeptidase creates a covalent bond directly ... bacteria may have a membrane called an S layer . In Gram negative bacteria, the S layer is attached directly to the Bacterial outer membrane outer membrane . In Gram positive bacteria, the S layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. Unique to Gram positive bacteria is the presence of teichoic acid ... Along with cell shape, Gram staining is a rapid diagnostic tool of use to group species of Bacteria ... tests, forms the full basis for classification and subdivision of the Bacteria e.g., see Figure ... first2 R. G. E. title Proposals Concerning the Higher Taxa of Bacteria journal International Journal ... of the Gram positive bacteria has been challenged, ref name woese87 cite pmid 2439888 ref with striking ... positive bacteria and contains genera such as Corynebacterium , Mycobacterium , Nocardia and Streptomyces . The latter, the Firmicutes are the low GC Gram positive bacteria, which actually have 45 ..., bacteria like organisms that lack cell walls and cannot be Gram stained, but appear to have ... more details
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria AAPBs are alphaproteobacteria that are obligate aerobe s that capture energy from light by anoxygenic photosynthesis . Anoxygenic photosynthesis is the phototrophic process where light energy is captured and stored as ATP. The production of oxygen is non existent and, therefore, water is not used as an electron donor. They are widely distributed marine plankton that may constitute over 10 of the open ocean microbial community. They can be particularly abundant in oligotrophic conditions where they were found to be 24 of the community. ref cite doi 10.1128 AEM.02652 06 ref Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are photoheterotrophic phototroph microbes ... , meaning they require oxygen to grow. One remarkable aspect of these novel bacteria is that they, unlike other similar bacteria , are unable to utilize BChl bacteriochlorophyll for anaerobic growth ... bacteria , on the contrary, can contain numerous species of photosynthetic pigments like ... Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria of Coastal Regions of the Pacific Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microbiol ..., DU. 2003 . Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their roles in marine ecosystems. Chinese Science Bulletin. Vol. 48 No.11 1064 1068. ref Current data suggests that marine bacteria have generation ... time. ref Life science weekly. 2012 . Bacteria Reports from Spanish National Research Council CSIC Describe Recent Advances in Bacteria. ISSN 1552 2466. P.4582. ref All species of AAPB produce ... nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria . Erythrobacter , Porphyrobacter , and Erythromicrobium are very ... Phototrophic Bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 September 62 3 695 724. ref Carbon cycling ... their role in marine ecosystems is the AAPB in total bacteria AAPB . Knowing that the BCHl ... distribution pattern of abundance and diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the global ... bacteria ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Infobox musical artist name Red Bacteria Vacuum image caption background group or band alias origin Osaka , Japan Instruments genre Punk rock Punk , Punk rock Hardcore Occupation s years active 1998 present label Notable albums Notable songs Roller Coaster Japanese album Roller Coaster Related acts website http www.myspace.com redbacteria current members Ikumi br Kassan br Jasmine past members Akeming br Katsu Red Bacteria Vacuum is an all female band all girl Japan ese Punk rock punk band from Osaka formed in 1998 consisting of Ikumi guitar vocals , Kassan bass vocals, also formerly known as RanRan , and Jasmine drums vocals . The band relocated to Tokyo in 2000. Their first EP Roller Coaster Japanese album Roller Coaster was released in January 2006. They have gone through numerous member changes, notably with the major problem of filling in for the departing Akeming, their original drummer who left the band when pregnant with her first child. Katsu was later found to be the new drummer, but later left early 2009. By April 2009, Jasmine became their permanent drummer, appearing in their new album and touring with them for Japan Girls Nite. ref cite web url http www.hearjapan.com store group Red Bacteria Vacuum title Hear Japan Profile ... tour once again. ref cite web url http www.myspace.com redbacteria title Red Bacteria Vacuum s Myspace ref Red Bacteria Vacuum appear in the 2009 documentary Live House , including live performances and interview with the band and its past members. In April 2011 it was announced that Red Bacteria Vacuum ... http rockoutjapan.com 2011 04 red bacteria vacuum to open for a perfect circle this summer title Red Bacteria Vacuum to open for A Perfect Circle this summer publisher rockoutjapan.com accessdate August ... Bacteria Vacuum 2011 Tour 7246574307211004AFB38B2CA9B17AC9 RED BACTERIA VACUUM SUMMER 2011 TOUR Category ... Bacteria Vacuum ... more details
Ben Jacob s bacteria are two pattern forming social bacteria strains, the Paenibacillus dendritiformis and the Paenibacillus vortex discovered in the early 90s by Ben Jacob s group. These bacteria are widely known for their ability to generate large colonies with the number of bacteria exceeding many ... s bacteria belong to the Paenibacillus genus comprises Gram positive , facultative anaerobic organism anaerobic , endospore forming bacteria originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified ... of a new genus Paenibacillus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1993 64 3 4 253 260. ref Bacteria belonging ... and medical applications. These bacteria produce various extracellular enzymes such as polysaccharide ..., soil bacteria, plant pathogenic bacteria and even important anaerobic pathogens as Clostridium ... strain NRRL BD 62 against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. J Appl Microbiol ... anaerobic , lubricating , flagellated and endospore forming bacteria that are likely to be plant ... act as biofertilizers and as antagonists biopesticides of recognized root pathogens, such as bacteria ... alt text Figure 1 A colony generated by the P. vortex bacteria about 6cm diameter . image P dendritiformis ... morphotype bacteria about 5cm diameter . Both Paenibacillus vortex P. vortex and Paenibacillus dendritiformis ... TJ, Dworkin M Multicellular behavior in bacteria communication, cooperation, competition and cheating. Bioessays 2008, 30 296 298. ref ref name shapiro James A. Shapiro Shapiro JA , Dworkin M Bacteria ... aggregates of dense bacteria that are pushed forward by repulsive chemotactic signals sent from the cells ... Ben Jacob E, Cohen I Cooperative formation of bacterial patterns. In Bacteria as Multicellular Organisms ... movement, collective formation of vortices by swarming bacteria, and colonial development. Physica ... I. Cooperative formation of bacterial patterns. In Shapiro JA, Dworkin M, eds. Bacteria as Multicellular ... Self engineering capabilities Ben Jacob E, Levine H. Self engineering capabilities of bacteria. J R ... more details
Image TEM of L form bacteria Mark Leaver Newcastle University.jpeg thumb 200px Transmission electron ... dense cell wall of normal bacteria. Scale bar is 500 nanometers . L form bacteria , also known as L phase bacteria , L phase variants , and cell wall deficient CWD bacteria , are strain biology strain s of bacteria that lack cell wall s. ref name pmid123455 cite journal author Leaver M, Dom nguez ... to revert to the original bacteria. Some parasitic species of bacteria, such as mycoplasma , also ... 9841667 ref but these are not considered L forms since they are not derived from bacteria that normally ... division Image Wide field EM of L form bacteria Mark Leaver Newcastle University.jpeg thumb ... . As L form has no cell wall, its morphology is different from that of the strain of bacteria from ... bacteria , in a Gram staining Gram stain test , the L forms always colour Gram negative, due to the lack of a cell wall. The cell wall is important for cell division , which, in most bacteria, occurs ... bacteria Mark Leaver Newcastle University.jpeg thumb 250px Phase contrast image of L form cells from Bacillus subtilis showing a range of sizes. Scale bar is 5 micrometers. In bacteria, cell division ... of L form bacteria to grow and divide in the absence of both of these structures is highly unusual ... can be unstable, tending to revert to the normal form of the bacteria by regrowing a cell wall, but this can ..., as these strains are derived from normal bacteria. ref name pmid123455 ref name Joseleau One ... have suggested that L form bacteria might cause diseases in humans, ref cite journal author Wall ..., Belcher RA, Soare C title Cell wall deficient bacteria as a cause of infections a review of the clinical ... viewpoints on this question are that L form bacteria are either laboratory curiosities of no clinical ... form bacteria is continuing. For example, L form organisms have been observed in mouse lungs after ... KY title Cell wall deficient bacteria and culture negative febrile episodes in bone marrow transplant ... more details
File Phosphate solubilizing bacteria cultured in petri dish.jpg thumb 250px Phosphate solubilizing bacteria cultured in petri dish. The zone of clearance can be clearly seen. Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria PSB are a group of beneficial bacteria capable of hydrolysing organic and inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds. ref cite journal url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob MImg& imagekey B6T4B 4JCBN7G 1 7& cdi 4970& user 525220& pii S0929139306000047& orig search& coverDate 11 2F30 2F2006& sk 999659998&view c&wchp dGLbVlW zSkzS&md5 0be49d968624c7f54fb43031c2dddcfe&ie sdarticle.pdf title Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities publisher date November 2006 work Applied Soil Ecology volume 34 issue 1 pages 33 41 author Y.P. Chen, P.D. Rekha, A.B. Arun, F.T. Shen, W. A. Lai and C.C. Young accessdate 2010 05 29 Subscription doc editlinks date May 2010 ref P solubilization ability of the microorganisms is considered to be one of the most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition. It is generally accepted that the mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization by PSB strains is associated with the release of low molecular weight organic acids ,through which their hydroxyl and carboxyl groups chelate the cations bound to phosphate, thereby converting it into soluble forms.In addition, some PSB produce phosphatase like phytase that hydrolyse organic forms of phosphate compounds efficiently. One or both types of PSB have been introduced to Agricultural community as phosphate Biofertilizer . Phosphorus P is one of the major essential macronutrients for plants and is applied to soil in the form of phosphate fertilizers. However, a large portion of soluble inorganic phosphate which is applied to the soil as chemical fertilizer is immobilized rapidly and becomes unavailable to plants. ref ... kg P2O5 ha or 50 percent of the need for phosphatic fertilizers. Currently, different strains of these bacteria ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 The discovery of nylon eating bacteria has been used by critics of creationism and intelligent design , in both print articles and on websites, to challenge creationist claims. These bacteria can produce novel enzyme s that allow them to feed on by products of nylon manufacture that did not exist prior to the invention of nylon in the 1930s, ref Kinoshita, S., Kageyama, S., Iba, K., Yamada, Y. and Okada, H. Utilization of a cyclic dimer and linear oligomers of aminocapronoic acid by Achromobacter guttatus K172, Agric. Biol. Chem. 116, 547 551 1981 , FEBS 1981 ref and critics of creationism have stated that this contradicts creationist claims that no new information can be added to a genome by mutation , and that proteins are too complex to evolve through a process of mutation and natural selection . Creationists have posted responses to these challenges on their own websites, which have in turn generated more responses from their critics. Critics of creationism The issue was first raised by critics of creationism such as the National Center for Science Education , and New Mexicans for Science and Reason NMSR who stated that research refutes claims made by creationists ... Thomas s New Mexicans for Science and Reason article about nylon eating bacteria ref In particular ... involved were on a plasmid , and stated that the phenomenon is evidence that plasmids in bacteria are a designed feature intended to allow bacteria to adapt easily to new food sources or cope ... on nylon eating bacteria http web.archive.org web 20080119174814 http www.answersingenesis.org ..., bacteria carry many genes in plasmids, particularly those involved in xenobiotic handling or metabolic ... does not invalidate the fact that they exist, and exist only in two strains of bacteria. This in no way ... bacteria were a compelling argument against the claim made by intelligent design proponents that specified ... were able to repeat in the lab with another strain of bacteria, is one of a number of cases ... more details
Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. ref name Melo cite journal last Melo first Eduardo O. coauthors Canavessi, Aurea M. O. Franco, Mauricio M. Rumpf, Rodolpho title Animal transgenesis state of the art and applications journal J. Appl. Genet. volume 48 issue 1 pages 47 61 year 2007 pmid 17272861 url http jag.igr.poznan.pl 2007 Volume 48 1 pdf 2007 Volume 48 1 47 60.pdf archiveurl http www.webcitation.org 5k5aYeGAs archivedate 26 September 2009 doi 10.1007 BF03194657 ref These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human protein s for use in medicine. ref name Leader2008 cite journal last Leader first Benjamin coauthors Baca, Qentin J. Golan, David E. series A guide to drug discovery title Protein therapeutics a summary and pharmacological classification journal Nat Rev Drug Discov volume 7 issue 1 pages 21 39 year 2008 month January pmid 18097458 doi 10.1038 nrd2399 br Leader 2008 Fee required for access to full text. ref The first ... for access to full text. ref Similar bacteria have been used to produce coagulation clotting ..., the bacteria which cause tooth decay are called Streptococcus mutans . These bacteria consume ... pmid 12369203 doi 10.1023 A 1020695902160 ref These transgenic bacteria, if properly colonized in a person ... ref cite journal last Braat first H title A phase I trial with transgenic bacteria expressing interleukin ... volume 4 pages 754 9 pmid 16716759 doi 10.1016 j.cgh.2006.03.028 ref Genetically modified bacteria ... to crop pests. GM bacteria have also been developed to leach copper from ore ref Valda, Daniela ... up mercury pollution. ref Cite doi 10.1186 1472 6750 11 82 ref Bacteria synthesized transgenic products ... Ice minus bacteria Interferon Further reading Karl Drlica Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning A Guide ... Genetically modified organisms Category Bacteriabacteria stub ... more details
Nylon eating bacteria are a strain of Flavobacterium that is capable of digesting certain byproducts of nylon 6 manufacture. This strain of Flavobacterium , Sp. K172, became popularly known as nylon eating bacteria, and the enzymes used to digest the man made molecules became collectively known as nylonase . Discovery File 6 Aminocaproic acid.png thumb Chemical structure of Aminocaproic acid 6 aminohexanoate In 1975 a team of Japanese scientists discovered a strain of Flavobacterium , living in ponds containing Wastewater waste water from a nylon factory, that was capable of digesting certain byproducts of nylon 6 manufacture, such as the linear dimer of Aminocaproic acid 6 aminohexanoate . These substances are not known to have existed before the invention of nylon in 1935. Further study revealed that the three enzyme s the bacteria were using to digest the byproducts were significantly different from any other enzymes produced by other Flavobacterium strains or any other bacteria for that matter , and not effective on any material other than the manmade nylon byproducts. ref cite journal author Kinoshita, S. coauthors Kageyama, S., Iba, K., Yamada, Y. and Okada, H. title Utilization of a cyclic dimer and linear oligomers of e aminocaproic acid by Achromobacter guttatus journal Agricultural & Biological Chemistry volume 39 issue 6 pages 1219 23 year 1975 issn 0002 1369 url http ... also been able to induce another species of bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , to evolve the capability ... the Flavobacterium strain to a strain of E. coli bacteria via a plasmid transfer. ref cite journal ... teaching main article Nylon eating bacteria and creationism There is scientific consensus that the capacity ... because it improved the fitness of the bacteria possessing the mutation. This is seen as a good example ... evolution controversy Nylon eating bacteria and creationism London Underground mosquito Lonicera fly ... pmc 167468 url http aem.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 7646041 Category Bacteria Category ... more details
This article provides a list of bacteria that are significant in medicine . Please add to and amend this list as necessary. Please note that this is not intended as an exhaustive list of all bacterial species that should be at List of bacteria . For viruses, see list of viruses . NOTOC compactTOC8 side yes top yes num yes A Acetobacter aurantius Acinetobacter baumannii Actinomyces israelii Agrobacterium radiobacter Agrobacterium tumefaciens Azorhizobium caulinodans Azotobacter vinelandii Anaplasma Anaplasma phagocytophilum B Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Bacillus brevis Bacillus cereus Bacillus fusiformis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus megaterium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus stearothermophilus Bacillus subtilis Bacteroides Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides gingivalis Bacteroides melaninogenicus now known as Prevotella melaninogenica Bartonella Bartonella henselae Bartonella quintana Bordetella Bordetella bronchiseptica Bordetella pertussis Borrelia burgdorferi Brucella Brucella abortus Brucella melitensis Brucella suis Burkholderia Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia cepacia C Calymmatobacterium granulomatis Campylobacter Campylobacter coli Campylobacter fetus Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter pylori Chlamydia bacterium Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydophila Chlamydophila pneumoniae previously called Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydophila psittaci previously called Chlamydia psittaci Clostridium Clostridium botulinum Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens previously called Clostridium welchii Clostridium tetani Corynebacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium fusiforme Coxiella burnetii E Ehrlichia chaffeensis Enterobacter cloacae Enterococcus Enterococcus avium Enterococcus durans Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus galllinarum Enterococcus maloratus Escherichia coli F Francisella tularensis Fusobacterium nucleatum ... Bacteria Category Medical lists Bacteria Category Biology lists Bacteria fa fr ... more details
Taxobox name Green sulfur bacteria image Green d winogradsky.jpg image caption Green sulfur bacteria in a Winogradsky column colour lightgrey domain Bacteria phylum Chlorobi subdivision Class Chlorobea small Cavalier Smith 2002 small br Order Chlorobiales small Gibbons and Murray 1978 small br Family Chlorobiaceae small Copeland 1956 small br Ancalochloris small Gorlenko and Lebedeva 1971 small br Chlorobaculum small Imhoff 2003 small br Chlorobium small Nadson 1906 emend. Imhoff 2003 small br Chloroherpeton small Gibson et al. 1985 small br Clathrochloris small Witt et al. 1989 small br Pelodictyon small Lauterborn 1913 small br Prosthecochloris small Gorlenko 1970 emend. Imhoff 2003 small br Class Ignavibacteria small Iino et al. 2010 small br Order ... br The green sulfur bacteria are a family biology family of obligately anaerobic organism anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria . Most closely related to the distant Bacteroidetes , they are accordingly ... sulfur bacteria are non motile except Chloroherpeton thalassium , which may bacterial gliding glide ... bacteria has been found living near a black smoker off the coast of Mexico at a depth of 2,500 meters ... pnas.0503674102 pmc 1166624 ref Green sulfur bacteria appear in Lake Matano , Indonesia, at a depth ... GD last9 Mucci first9 A pmc 2572968 postscript None ref See also Anoxic event Purple sulfur bacteria ..., 2005 References Reflist Bacteria classification DEFAULTSORT Green Sulfur Bacteria Category Phototrophic bacteria Category Bergey s volume 4 bg ca Bacteri verd del sofre cs Chlorobi de Gr ne Schwefelbakterien es Chlorobi fr Chlorobi gl Bacteria verde do xofre ko id Chlorobi lt aliosios sierabakter s ja no Gr nnsvovelbakterier pt Chlorobi simple Green sulfur bacteria ... more details
The lactic acid bacteria LAB comprise a clade of Gram positive , low Guanine G Cytosine C , acid tolerant, generally non sporulating, non respiring rod or cocci that are associated by their common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria , usually found in decomposing plants and lactic products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with Fermentation food food fermentation s, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogen ic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evinced by their generally recognized as safe ... Characteristics The lactic acid bacteria LAB are rod shaped bacilli or coccus cocci characterized ... other bacteria in a natural Fermentation biochemistry fermentation , as they can withstand the increased ... SonomotoKYokotaA cite book author Sonomoto, K Yokota, A editor year 2011 title Lactic Acid Bacteria ... by large scale bacterial fermentation of various organic substrates. Because enormous amounts of bacteria ... for selected bacteria. Strains of LAB are the most common microbes employed as probiotics. Two principal kinds of probiotic bacteria, members of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , have ... Exploitation of Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria title Bacterial Polysaccharides Current ..., W. H. Wood, B. J. B. title The genera of lactic acid bacteria edition 1st year 1998 publisher London ..., A. C. title Lactic Acid Bacteria Microbiological and Functional Aspects edition 3rd year ... www.metamicrobe.com lactobacteria Lactic Acid Bacteria at MetaMicrobe taxonomy, facts, probiotic properties, and references Bacteria classification Category Lactobacillales da M lkesyrebakterie es Cultivos ... more details
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