Putrescine Section2 Chembox Properties C 4 H 12 N 2 Appearance Density MeltingPtC 27 BoilingPtCL 158 BoilingPtCH 160 Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Putrescine ... substance called putrescine, which in turn degrades into polyamines, such as spermadine, spermine ..., together with related molecules like spermine and spermidine . History Putrescine ref Ludwig Brieger ... Putrescin, von putresco, faul werden, vermodern, verwesen. I call this compound putrescine , from ... ludwig Ludwig Brieger in English. ref Production Putrescine is produced on industrial scale by hydrogenation ... html?hd All 2Csuccinonitrile accessdate 2007 09 10 edition 7th Ed. ref Putrescine is reacted with adipic ... Plastics accessdate 2007 09 10 ref Biotechnological production of putrescine from renewable feedstock ... coli that produces putrescine at high titer in glucose mineral salts medium has recently been described. ref name Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Putrescine A Four ... Engineering of Escherichia coli for the Production of Putrescine A Four Carbon Diamine accessdate 2010 06 10 ref Biochemistry Putrescine attacks decarboxylated S Adenosyl methionine S adenosyl ... methionine and gets converted to spermine . Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase . The polyamine s, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division. Toxicity Putrescine ... of tyramine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine in rats ref References reflist Amino ... cs Putrescin de Putrescin es Putrescina fa fr Putrescine gl Putrescina it Putresceina nl Putrescine ... more details
enzyme Name putrescine carbamoyltransferase EC number 2.1.3.6 CAS number 9076 55 5 IUBMB EC number 2 1 3 6 GO code 0050231 image width caption In enzymology , a putrescine carbamoyltransferase EC number 2.1.3.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction carbamoyl phosphate putrescine math rightleftharpoons math phosphate N carbamoylputrescine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are carbamoyl phosphate and putrescine , whereas its two product chemistry products are phosphate and N carbamoylputrescine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s that transfer one carbon groups, specifically the carboxy and carbamoyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is carbamoyl phosphate putrescine carbamoyltransferase . Other names in common use include PTCase , putrescine synthase , and putrescine transcarbamylase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Roon RJ, Barker HA date 1972 title Fermentation of agmatine in Streptococcus faecalis occurrence of putrescine transcarbamoylase journal J. Bacteriol. volume 109 pages 44&ndash 50 pmid 4621632 issue 1 pmc 247249 cite journal author Srivenugopal KS, Adiga PR date 1981 title Enzymic conversion of agmatine to putrescine in Lathyrus sativus seedlings. Purification and properties of a multifunctional enzyme putrescine synthase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 256 pages 9532&ndash 41 pmid 6895223 issue 18 transferase stub One carbon transferases Category EC 2.1.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Putrescina carbammiltransferasi ... more details
enzyme Name putrescine oxidase EC number 1.4.3.10 CAS number 9076 87 3 IUBMB EC number 1 4 3 10 GO code 0050232 image width caption In enzymology , a putrescine oxidase EC number 1.4.3.10 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction putrescine O sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math 4 aminobutanal NH sub 3 sub H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are putrescine , oxygen O sub 2 sub , and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are 4 aminobutanal , ammonia NH sub 3 sub , and hydrogen peroxide H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH NH2 group of donors with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is putrescine oxygen oxidoreductase deaminating . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , FAD . References reflist 1 cite journal author DeSa RJ date 1972 title Putrescine oxidase from Micrococcus rubens. Purification and properties of the enzyme journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 5527&ndash 34 pmid 4341347 issue 17 cite journal author Yamada H date 1971 title Putrescine oxidase Micrococcus rubens journal Methods Enzymol. volume 17B pages 726&ndash 730 1.4 enzyme stub Category EC 1.4.3 Category Flavin enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Putrescina ossidasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name putrescine N hydroxycinnamoyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.138 CAS number 120598 69 8 IUBMB EC number 2 3 1 138 GO code 0047174 image width caption In enzymology , a putrescine N hydroxycinnamoyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.138 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction caffeoyl CoA putrescine math rightleftharpoons math CoA N caffeoylputrescine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are caffeoyl CoA and putrescine , whereas its two product chemistry products are coenzyme A CoA and N caffeoylputrescine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those acyltransferase s transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is caffeoyl CoA putrescine N 3,4 dihydroxycinnamoyl transferase . Other names in common use include caffeoyl CoA putrescine N caffeoyl transferase , PHT , putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase , hydroxycinnamoyl CoA putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase , and putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Negrel J date 1989 title The biosynthesis of cinnamoylputrescines in callus tissue cultures of Nicotiana tabacum journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 28 pages 477&ndash 481 doi 10.1016 0031 9422 89 80035 4 issue 2 Category EC 2.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure transferase stub it Putrescina N idrossicinnamoiltransferasi ... more details
enzyme Name putrescine N methyltransferase EC number 2.1.1.53 CAS number 9075 39 2 IUBMB EC number 2 1 1 53 GO code 0030750 image width caption In enzymology , a putrescine N methyltransferase EC number 2.1.1.53 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction S adenosyl L methionine putrescine math rightleftharpoons math S adenosyl L homocysteine N methylputrescine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are S Adenosyl methionine S adenosyl methionine and putrescine , whereas its two product chemistry products are S adenosylhomocysteine and N methylputrescine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring one carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S adenosyl L methionine putrescine N methyltransferase . This enzyme is also called putrescine methyltransferase . This enzyme participates in alkaloid biosynthesis ii . References reflist 1 cite journal author Mizusaki S, Tanabe Y, Noguchi M and Tamaki E date 1971 title Phytochemical studies on tobacco alkaloids. XIV. The occurrence and properties of putrescine N methyltransferase in tobacco roots journal Plant Cell Physiol. volume 12 pages 633&ndash 640 transferase stub Category EC 2.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Putrescina N metiltransferasi ... more details
enzyme Name Glutamate putrescine ligase EC number 6.3.1.11 CAS number 914090 78 1 IUBMB EC number 6 3 1 11 GO code image width caption In enzymology , a glutamate putrescine ligase EC number 6.3.1.11 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP L glutamate putrescine math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate gamma L glutamylputrescine The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , L glutamate , and putrescine , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , and gamma L glutamylputrescine . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming carbon nitrogen bonds as acid D ammonia or amine ligases amide synthases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is L glutamate putrescine ligase ADP forming . Other names in common use include gamma glutamylputrescine synthetase , and YcjK . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kurihara S, Oda S, Kato K, Kim HG, Koyanagi T, Kumagai H, Suzuki H date 2005 title A novel putrescine utilization pathway involves gamma glutamylated intermediates of Escherichia coli K 12 journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 280 pages 4602&ndash 8 pmid 15590624 doi 10.1074 jbc.M411114200 issue 6 ligase stub Category EC 6.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name diamine N acetyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.57 CAS number 54596 36 0 IUBMB EC number 2 3 1 57 GO code 0004145 image width caption In enzymology , a diamine N acetyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.57 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl CoA an alkane alpha,omega diamine math rightleftharpoons math CoA an N acetyldiamine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are acetyl CoA and alkane alpha,omega diamine , whereas its two product chemistry products are coenzyme A CoA and N acetyldiamine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those acyltransferase s transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl CoA alkane alpha,omega diamine N acetyltransferase . Other names in common use include spermidine acetyltransferase , putrescine acetyltransferase , putrescine diamine acetylating enzyme , diamine acetyltransferase , spermidine spermine N1 acetyltransferase , spermidine N1 acetyltransferase , acetyl coenzyme A 1,4 diaminobutane N acetyltransferase , putrescine acetylase , and putrescine N acetyltransferase . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . Structural studies As of late 2007, 12 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2B3U , PDB link 2B3V , PDB link 2B4B , PDB link 2B4D , PDB link 2B58 , PDB link 2B5G , PDB link 2BEI , PDB link 2F5I , PDB link 2FXF , PDB link 2G3T , PDB link 2JEV , and PDB link 2Q4V . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ragione FD, Pegg AE date 1982 title Purification and characterization of spermidine spermine N1 acetyltransferase from rat liver journal Biochemistry. volume 21 pages 6152&ndash 8 pmid 7150547 doi 10.1021 bi00267a020 issue 24 transferase stub Category EC 2.3.1 Category Enzymes of known structure it Diammina N acetiltransferasi ... more details
enzyme Name homospermidine synthase spermidine specific EC number 2.5.1.45 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 5 1 45 GO code 0050514 image width caption In enzymology , a homospermidine synthase spermidine specific EC number 2.5.1.45 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction spermidine putrescine math rightleftharpoons math sym homospermidine propane 1,3 diamine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are spermidine and putrescine , whereas its two product chemistry products are sym homospermidine and propane 1,3 diamine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is spermidine putrescine 4 aminobutyltransferase propane 1,3 diamine forming . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ostrovsky AN, Grischenko AV, Taylor PD, Bock P, Mawatari SF date 2006 title Comparative anatomical study of internal brooding in three anascan bryozoans Cheilostomata and its taxonomic and evolutionary implications journal J. Morphol. volume 267 pages 739&ndash 49 pmid 16526057 doi 10.1002 jmor.10438 issue 6 cite journal author Ober D, Hartmann T date 1999 title Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine synthase journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 96 pages 14777&ndash 82 pmid 10611289 doi 10.1073 pnas.96.26.14777 issue 26 pmc 24724 cite journal author Ober D, Harms R and Hartmann T date 2000 title Cloning and expression of homospermidine synthase from Senecio vulgaris a revision journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 55 pages 311&ndash 316 pmid 11117877 doi 10.1016 S0031 9422 00 00267 3 issue 4 Category EC 2.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure transferase stub ... more details
enzyme Name acetylputrescine deacetylase EC number 3.5.1.62 CAS number 103679 48 7 IUBMB EC number 3 5 1 62 GO code 0047609 image width caption In enzymology , an acetylputrescine deacetylase EC number 3.5.1.62 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction N acetylputrescine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math acetate putrescine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are N acetylputrescine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are acetate and putrescine . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N acetylputrescine acetylhydrolase . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . References reflist 1 cite journal author Suzuki O, Ishikawa Y, Miyazaki K, Izu, K and Matsumoto T date 1986 title Acetylputrescine deacetylase from Micrococcus luteus K 11 journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 882 pages 140&ndash 142 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name N carbamoylputrescine amidase EC number 3.5.1.53 CAS number 85030 69 9 IUBMB EC number 3 5 1 53 GO code 0050126 image width caption In enzymology , a N carbamoylputrescine amidase EC number 3.5.1.53 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction N carbamoylputrescine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math putrescine CO sub 2 sub NH sub 3 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are N carbamoylputrescine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are putrescine , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , and ammonia NH sub 3 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase . Other names in common use include carbamoylputrescine hydrolase , and NCP . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . References reflist 1 cite journal author Yanagisawa H and Suzuki Y date 1982 title Preparation and properties of N carbamylputrescine amidohydrolase from maize shoots journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 21 pages 2201&ndash 2203 doi 10.1016 0031 9422 82 85177 7 issue 9 Category EC 3.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure hydrolase stub ... more details
protein Name spermidine synthase caption image width HGNCid 11296 Symbol SRM AltSymbols SRML1 EntrezGene 6723 OMIM 182891 RefSeq NM 003132 UniProt P19623 PDB ECnumber 2.5.1.16 Chromosome 1 Arm p Band 36 LocusSupplementaryData p22 Spermidine synthase is an enzyme EC number 2.5.1.16 that transferase catalyzes the transfer of the propylamine group from S Adenosylmethioninamine S adenosylmethioninamine to putrescine in the biosynthesis of spermidine . The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 73,000 kD and is composed of two subunits of equal size. See also Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase External links MeshName Spermidine synthase transferase stub Alkyl and aryl transferases Category EC 2.5.1 ... more details
enzyme Name agmatine deiminase EC number 3.5.3.12 CAS number 37289 17 1 IUBMB EC number 3 5 3 12 GO code 0047632 image width caption In enzymology , an agmatine deiminase EC number 3.5.3.12 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction agmatine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math N carbamoylputrescine NH sub 3 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are agmatine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are N carbamoylputrescine and ammonia NH sub 3 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is agmatine iminohydrolase . This enzyme is also called agmatine amidinohydrolase . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . Structural studies As of late 2007, 4 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1VKP , PDB link 2EWO , PDB link 2JER , and PDB link 2Q3U . References reflist 1 cite journal author Smith TA date 1969 title Agmatine iminohydrolase in maize journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 8 pages 2111&ndash 2117 doi 10.1016 S0031 9422 00 88168 6 issue 11 cite journal author Srivenugopal KS, Adiga PR date 1981 title Enzymic conversion of agmatine to putrescine in Lathyrus sativus seedlings. Purification and properties of a multifunctional enzyme putrescine synthase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 256 pages 9532&ndash 41 pmid 6895223 issue 18 Category EC 3.5.3 Category Enzymes of known structure hydrolase stub it Agmatina deiminasi ... more details
N methyltransferase may refer to RS 1 benzyl 1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline N methyltransferase 3 hydroxy 16 methoxy 2,3 dihydrotabersonine N methyltransferase Amine N methyltransferase Anthranilate N methyltransferase cytochrome c arginine N methyltransferase myelin basic protein arginine N methyltransferase Calmodulin lysine N methyltransferase Carnosine N methyltransferase S coclaurine N methyltransferase Dimethylhistidine N methyltransferase Glycine N methyltransferase Guanidinoacetate N methyltransferase Histamine N methyltransferase Histone methyltransferase cytochrome c lysine N methyltransferase ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase lysine N methyltransferase Methylamine glutamate N methyltransferase Nicotinamide N methyltransferase Nicotinate N methyltransferase Phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase Phosphatidylethanolamine N methyltransferase Phosphatidyl N methylethanolamine N methyltransferase Phosphoethanolamine N methyltransferase Protein histidine N methyltransferase Putrescine N methyltransferase Pyridine N methyltransferase S tetrahydroprotoberberine N methyltransferase Trimethylsulfonium tetrahydrofolate N methyltransferase Tryptamine N methyltransferase Tyramine N methyltransferase disambig ... more details
Image Diaminobutane.png thumb putrescine Image Cadaverine 2D skeletal.png thumb cadaverine Image Spermidine 2D skeletal.png thumb spermidine Image Spermine.svg thumb spermine A polyamine is an organic compound having two or more primary amino group s chem NH 2 . This class of compounds includes several synthetic substances that are important feedstocks for the chemical industry , such as ethylene diamine chem H 2N CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , 1,3 diaminopropane chem H 2 N CH 2 3 NH 2 , and hexamethylenediamine chem H 2 N CH 2 6 NH 2 . It also includes many substances that play important roles in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, such as putrescine chem H 2 N CH 2 4 NH 2 , cadaverine chem H 2 N CH 2 5 NH 2 , spermidine chem H 2 N CH 2 4 NH 2 H , and spermine chem H 2 N CH 2 4 NH 3 H . As of 2004, there had been no reports of any geminal diamine , a compound with two or more unsubstituted chem NH 2 groups on the same carbon atom. However, substituted derivatives are known, such as tetraethylmethylenediamine , chem C 2 H 5 2 N CH 2 N C 2 H 5 2 . ref name lawr cite book first Stephen A. last Lawrence title Amines synthesis, properties and applications url http books.google.com books?id 35xwBwjhe2MC&pg PA64 year 2004 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 978 0 521 78284 5 page 64 ref Cyclen is the main representative of a class of cyclic polyamines. Polyethylene amine is a polymer based on aziridine monomer . Functions Though it is known that polyamines are synthesized in cells via highly regulated pathways, their actual function is not entirely clear. As cations, they bind to DNA , and, in structure ... polyamines PutrescinePutrescine is synthesized biologically via two different pathways, both ... by agmatine imino hydroxylase AIH . Finally, carbamilputrescine is converted into putrescine. In the second pathway, arginine is converted into ornithine and then ornithine is converted into putrescine ... Image SPD SPM synthesis.svg 400px left Spermidine is synthesized from putrescine, using an aminopropylic ... more details
and subacute toxicity of tyramine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine in rats ref See also Putrescine Notes reflist References cite book last Lewis first Robert Alan title Lewis Dictionary ... more details
enzyme Name 4 acetamidobutyrate deacetylase EC number 3.5.1.63 CAS number 102347 82 0 IUBMB EC number 3 5 1 63 GO code 0047573 image width caption In enzymology , a 4 acetamidobutyrate deacetylase EC number 3.5.1.63 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 4 acetamidobutanoate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math acetate 4 aminobutanoate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 4 acetamidobutanoate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are acetate and 4 aminobutanoate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4 acetamidobutanoate amidohydrolase . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups and lysine degradation . References reflist 1 cite journal author Haywood GW and Large PJ date 1986 title 4 Acetamidobutyrate deacetylase in the yeast Candida boidinii grown on putrescine or spermidine as sole nitrogen source and its probable role in polyamine catabolism journal J. Gen. Microbiol. volume 132 pages 7&ndash 14 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
date 1981 title Enzymic conversion of agmatine to putrescine in Lathyrus sativus seedlings. Purification and properties of a multifunctional enzyme putrescine synthase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... more details
. ref name PAHO04 The substances cadaverine and putrescine are produced during the decomposition ... substance called putrescine, which in turn degrades into polyamines, such as spermadine, spermine ... doses are ingested 2 g per kg of body weight of pure putrescine in rats, a larger dose for cadaverine ..., spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine in rats ref causing adverse effects. If these figures ... affected by 120 g 4 oz of pure putrescine, and would show no effects at all for a tenth of that dose ... more details
Image Kokain Cocaine.svg 300px right thumb Chemical structure of cocaine The first synthesis and elucidation of the cocaine molecule was by Richard Willst tter in 1898. ref cite journal author Humphrey AJ, O Hagan D title Tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. A century old problem unresolved journal Nat Prod Rep volume 18 issue 5 pages 494 502 year 2001 month October pmid 11699882 doi 10.1039 b001713m url ref Willst tter s synthesis derived cocaine from tropinone . Since then, Robert Robinson organic chemist Robert Robinson and Edward Leete have made significant contributions to the mechanism of the synthesis. Biosynthesis of N methyl pyrrolinium cation The biosynthesis begins with L Glutamine , which is derived from L ornithine in plants. The major contribution of L ornithine and L arginine as a precursor to the tropane ring was confirmed by Edward Leete. ref cite journal author Leete E, Marion L, Sspenser ID title Biogenesis of hyoscyamine journal Nature volume 174 issue 4431 pages 650 1 year 1954 month October pmid 13203600 doi 10.1038 174650a0 url ref Ornithine then undergoes a Pyridoxal phosphate dependent decarboxylation to form putrescine. In animals, however, the urea cycle derives putrescine from ornithine. L ornithine is converted to L arginine, ref cite journal author Robins RJ, Waltons NJ, Hamill JD, Parr AJ, Rhodes MJ title Strategies for the genetic manipulation of alkaloid producing pathways in plants journal Planta Med. volume 57 issue 7 Suppl pages S27 35 year 1991 month October pmid 17226220 doi 10.1055 s 2006 960226 url ref which is then decarboxylated via PLP to form agmatine. Hydrolysis of the imine derives N carbamoylputrescine followed with hydrolysis of the urea to form putrescine. The separate pathways of converting ornithine to putrescine in plants and animals have converged. A SAM dependent N methylation of putrescine gives the N methylputrescine product, which then undergoes oxidative deamination by the action of diamine oxidase to yield the ami ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 444121536 ImageFile Succinonitrile.png ImageSize 150 ImageAlt Skeletal formula ImageFile1 Succinonitrile 3D balls.png ImageSize1 160 ImageAlt1 Ball and stick model IUPACName Butanedinitrile OtherNames Dicyanoethane br Ethylene cyanide br Deprelin Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C4H4N2 c5 3 1 2 4 6 h1 2H2 InChIKey IAHFWCOBPZCAEA UHFFFAOYAW StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H4N2 c5 3 1 2 4 6 h1 2H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey IAHFWCOBPZCAEA UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 110 61 2 PubChem 8062 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21106481 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 1R479O92DO SMILES N CCCC N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 4 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 2 sub MolarMass 80.09 g mol Appearance Colorless wax Density 0.985 g mL MeltingPt 57 C BoilingPt 265 267 C Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards FlashPt 141 C MainHazards flammable Autoignition Succinonitrile , also butanedinitrile , is a nitrile , with the chemical formula formula of C sub 2 sub H sub 4 sub CN sub 2 sub . It is a colorless solid that melts at 57 C, hence its waxy consistency. Succinonitrile is produced by the hydrocyanation addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile ref cite encyclopedia encyclopedia Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry title Nitriles url http www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com emrw 9783527306732 ueic article a17 363 current html?hd All 2Csuccinonitrile accessdate 2007 09 10 edition 7th Ed. ref CH sub 2 sub CHCN HCN NCCH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub CN Hydrogenation of succinonitrile yields putrescine 1,4 diaminobutane . References reflist External links http webbook.nist.gov cgi cbook.cgi?ID C110612 WebBook page for C4H4N2 Category Nitriles organic compound stub fr Succinonitrile fi Sukkinonitriili ... more details
A diamine is a type of polyamine with exactly two amino group s. Diamines are mainly used as monomers to prepare polyamide s, polyimide s and polyurea s. In terms of quantities produced, 1,6 diaminohexane , a precursor to Nylon 6 6 , is most important, followed by ethylenediamine. ref name Ullmann Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut H ke Amines, Aliphatic in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005 Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a02 001 ref Hydrazine H sub 2 sub NNH sub 2 sub is usually not considered a diamine since it is neither an amine nor is it dibasic. Aliphatic diamines Linear aliphatic diamines 2 carbons ethylenediamine 1,2 diaminoethane . Related derivatives include the N alkylated compounds ethambutol and TMEDA . 3 carbons 1,3 diaminopropane propane 1,3 diamine 4 carbons putrescine butane 1,4 diamine 5 carbons cadaverine pentane 1,5 diamine 6 carbons hexamethylenediamine hexane 1,6 diamine Branched aliphatic diamines Derivatives of ethylenediamine are numerous 1,2 diaminopropane diphenylethylenediamine diaminocyclohexane Xylylenediamines Xylylenediamines are classified as alkylamines since the amine is not directly attached to an aromatic ring. o xylylenediamine or OXD m xylylenediamine or MXD p xylylenediamine or PXD Aromatic diamines Three phenylenediamine s are known ref Robert A. Smiley Phenylene and Toluenediamines in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley VCH, Weinheim. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a19 405 ref o Phenylenediamine o phenylenediamine or OPD m Phenylenediamine m phenylenediamine or MPD p Phenylenediamine p phenylenediamine or PPD. 2,5 Diaminotoluene is related to PPD but contains a methyl group on the ring. Various N methylated derivatives of the phenylenediamines are known dimethyl 4 phenylenediamine , a reagent. N,N di 2 butyl 1,4 phenylenediamine , an antioxidant. Examples with two aromatic rings include derivatives of biphenyl and naphthalene benzidine 4,4 diaminobiphenyl ... more details
orphan date November 2009 Unreferenced date February 2007 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Forensic Fugues and Medicolegal Medleys Type Album Artist The County Medical Examiners Cover TCMEFFMM.jpg Released 2002 Recorded 2002 Genre Goregrind Length 29 42 Label Razorback Records Producer Rene Diwtam The County Medical Examiners Last album Fetid Putrescent Whiffs demo br 2001 This album Forensic Fugues and Medicolegal Medleys br 2002 Next album General Surgery The County Medical Examiners LP br 2002 Forensic Fugues and Medicolegal Medleys is The County Medical Examiners first full length release. This is also the only release, other than the demo, to feature Michelle Hayes on bass. According to an interview with Dr. Fairbanks she left the band soon after this recording in order to focus on medical school. Track listing Autopsy Suite 2 37 Medicocriminal Entomology 3 35 Vitreous Humor 1 25 Epicedium For Epidermal Slippage 1 57 NH2 CH2 4NH2 & C5H14N2 Putrescine & Cadaverine 3 23 Organ Harvest The Anatomical Gift Act 2 09 Rigor Mortis Posthumous Muscular Rigidity 2 41 Algor Mortis The Linear Rate of Cadaveric Cooling 3 02 Livor Mortis Gravitational Blood Pooling 3 36 Pugilistic Burn Postures 1 17 Y Shaped Thoracoabdominal Incision 3 03 Y 1285 X 0 57 Musical personnel Dr. Morton Fairbanks guitar vocals Michelle Hayes bass vocals Dr. Jack Putnam drums vocals Dan Martinez, Matt Harvey guest vocals on Y Shaped Thoracoabdominal Incision Matt Harvey guitar solo on Y Shaped Thoracoabdominal Incision DEFAULTSORT Forensic Fugues And Medicolegal Medleys Category The County Medical Examiners albums Category 2002 debut albums ... more details
Infobox rfam Name speF leader image RF00518.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of speF Symbol speF AltSymbols Rfam RF00518 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Bacteria GO SO SO 0005836 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData SpeF is a putative cis acting element identified in several gram negative alpha proteobacteria. Its is proposed to be involved in regulating expression of genes involved in polyamide biosynthesis . SpeF is one of five putative regulatory elements identified by a computational screen of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and other alpha proteobacterial genomes for conserved sequence motifs in operon leaders ref name Cor05 cite journal author Corbino KA, Barrick JE, Lim J, et al. title Evidence for a second class of S adenosylmethionine riboswitches and other regulatory RNA motifs in alpha proteobacteria journal Genome Biol. volume 6 issue 8 pages R70 year 2005 pmid 16086852 doi 10.1186 gb 2005 6 8 r70 pmc 1273637 ref . In the majority of species analysed it is located in the leader of an operon containing the speF gene an ornithine decarboxylase enzyme that catalyse s one of the first steps in polyamine biosynthesis. However, the authors did not detect binding of metabolites related to this pathway ornithine L ornithine , lysine L lysine , meso diaminopimelate , putrescine , cadaverine , or spermidine to the SpeF leader. ref name Cor05 Other non coding RNAs uncovered in the same analysis include suhB , YbhL leader ybhL , metA and serC. ref name Cor05 References references External links Rfam id RF00518 name speF leader Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
enzyme Name Gamma glutamyl gamma aminobutyrate hydrolase EC number 3.5.1.94 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 5 1 94 GO code 0033969 image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , a gamma glutamyl gamma aminobutyrate hydrolase EC number 3.5.1.94 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 4 gamma glutamylamino butanoate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math 4 aminobutanoate L glutamate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 4 gamma glutamylamino butanoate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are 4 aminobutanoate and L glutamate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4 gamma glutamylamino butanoate amidohydrolase . Other names in common use include gamma glutamyl GABA hydrolase , PuuD , and YcjL . This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kurihara S, Oda S, Kato K, Kim HG, Koyanagi T, Kumagai H, Suzuki H date 2005 title A novel putrescine utilization pathway involves gamma glutamylated intermediates of Escherichia coli K 12 journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 280 pages 4602&ndash 8 pmid 15590624 doi 10.1074 jbc.M411114200 issue 6 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 308800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans also known as Siemens 1 syndrome is a rare X linked disorder described by Hermann Werner Siemens Siemens in 1926, a disease that begins in infancy with keratosis pilaris localized on the face, then evolves to more diffuse involvement. ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0721629210. ref rp 580,762 ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref rp 649,714 ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref An association with SAT1 has been suggested. ref Cite journal last1 Gimelli first1 G. last2 Giglio first2 S. last3 Zuffardi first3 O. last4 Alhonen first4 L. last5 Suppola first5 S. last6 Cusano first6 R. last7 Lo Nigro first7 C. last8 Gatti first8 R. last9 Ravazzolo first9 R. title Gene dosage of the spermidine spermine N 1 acetyltransferase SSAT gene with putrescine accumulation in a patient with a Xp21.1p22.12 duplication and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans KFSD . journal Hum Genet volume 111 issue 3 pages 235 41 month Sep year 2002 doi 10.1007 s00439 002 0791 6 PMID 12215835 ref See also Keratosis follicularis Hermann Werner Siemens Cicatricial alopecia List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Genodermatoses stub Category Genodermatoses ... more details
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