Infobox Anatomy Name Circular folds Latin plicae circulares GraySubject 248 GrayPage 1173 Image Gray1057.png Caption Interior of the descending portion of the duodenum, showing the Major duodenal papilla . Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648947 The circular folds valves of Kerckring also, plicae circulares valvulae conniventes are large valvular flaps projecting into the Lumen anatomy lumen of the bowel . Composition They are composed of reduplications of the mucous membrane , the two layers of the fold being bound together by submucous tissue. Difference from other gastrointestinal folds Unlike the folds in the stomach , they are permanent, and are not obliterated when the intestine is distended. The space between circular folds are smaller than the haustra of the Colon anatomy colon , and, in contrast to haustra, circular folds reach around the whole circumference of the intestine. These differences can assist in distinguishing the small intestine from the colon on an abdominal x ray . Location The majority extend transversely around the cylinder of the small intestine for about one half or two thirds of its circumference, but some form complete circles, and others have a spiral direction the latter usually extend a little more than once around the bowel, but occasionally two or three times. Size The larger folds are about 8 mm. in depth at their broadest part but the greater number are of smaller size. The larger and smaller folds alternate with each other. Distribution They are not found at the commencement of the duodenum , but begin to appear about 2.5 or 5 cm. beyond the pylorus . In the lower part of the descending portion, below the point where the bile duct bile and pancreatic duct s enter the small intestine, they are very large and closely approximated. In the horizontal and ascending portions of the duodenum and upper half of the jejunum they are large and numerous, but from this point, down ... more details
Infobox Bone Name False ribs Latin costae spuriae GraySubject 28 GrayPage 123 Image Gray115.png Caption Anterior surface of sternum and costa cartilages. False ribs are last five ribs. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 58 DorlandsSuf 12262733 The false ribs , are the five sets of ribs below the top seven true ribs . A rib is considered to be false if it has no direct attachment to the Human sternum sternum , also known as the breast bone. Of these the first three eighth, ninth, and tenth rib have their cartilages attached to the cartilage of the rib above vertebro chondral the last two eleventh rib and twelfth rib are free at their anterior extremities and are termed floating ribs or vertebral ribs because they connect neither with the Human sternum sternum nor with another rib. ref Ribs. http www1.american.edu adonahue k11ribs.htm. Web ref . These ribs are relatively small and delicate, and are capped by a cartilaginous tip. ref name saladin Cite book last1 Saladin first1 Kenneth title Anatomy and Physiology The Unity of Form and Function location USA publisher The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. year 2010 pages 485 isbn 978 0 07 352569 3 ref Ninth rib The frontal part of the ninth rib is at the same level as the first lumbar vertebra . This level is called planum transpyloricum , since the pylorus is also at this level. ref name goodfried B lens ytanatomi surface anatomy . Godfried Roomans, Mats Hjortberg and Anca Dragomir. Institution for Anatomy, Uppsala. 2008. ref Tenth rib The tenth rib attaches directly to the body of vertebra T10 instead of between vertebrae like the second through ninth ribs. Due to this direct attachment, vertebra T10 has a complete costal facet on its body. In several ethnic groups, most significantly the Japanese, the tenth rib is sometimes a floating rib , as it lacks a cartilaginous connection to the seventh rib. ref name saladin Cite book last1 Saladin first1 Kenneth title Anatomy and Physiology The Unity of Form an ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Greater curvature of the stomach Latin curvatura major gastris GraySubject 247 GrayPage 1162 Image Gray1046.svg Caption Outline of stomach, showing its anatomical landmarks. Image2 Illu stomach.jpg Caption2 Diagram from http training.seer.cancer.gov ss module07 ugi unit02 sec02 anatomy.html cancer.gov Wayback date 20061231182323 url http training.seer.cancer.gov ss module07 ugi unit02 sec02 anatomy.html df yes BR 1. Body of stomach BR 2. Fundus stomach Fundus BR 3. Anterior wall BR 4. Greater curvature BR 5. Lesser curvature of the stomach Lesser curvature BR 6. Cardia BR 9. Pyloric sphincter BR 10. Pyloric antrum BR 11. Pyloric canal BR 12. Angular notch BR 13. Gastric canal BR 14. Rugal folds BR BR Work of the United States Government Precursor System Artery Short gastric arteries short gastric upper part , left gastroepiploic artery left gastroepiploic middle Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 67 DorlandsSuf 12272250 The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature . Surface Starting from the cardiac orifice at the cardiac notch of stomach incisura cardiaca , it forms an arch backward, upward, and to the left the highest point of the convexity is on a level with the sixth left costal cartilage . From this level it may be followed downward and forward, with a slight convexity to the left as low as the cartilage of the ninth rib it then turns to the right, to the end of the pylorus . Directly opposite the incisura angularis of the lesser curvature the greater curvature presents a dilatation, which is the left extremity of the pyloric part this dilatation is limited on the right by a slight groove, the sulcus intermedius , which is about 2.5 cm, from the duodenopyloric constriction . The portion between the sulcus intermedius and the duodenopyloric constriction is termed the pyloric antrum . At its commencement the greater curvature is covered by perit ... more details
Image Erwin Payr Gravestone.jpg thumb 200px Gravestone of Erwin Payr und his wife Helene at S dfriedhof Leipzig Erwin Payr 17 February 1871 6 April 1946 was an Austrian German surgeon born in Innsbruck . Following graduation in 1894 at University of Innsbruck Innsbruck , he worked as an assistant at the first pathological anatomy institute in Vienna . Afterwards he became an assistant to Carl Nicoladoni 1847 1902 at the University of Graz , where in 1899 he became habilitated for surgery. In 1907 he became chief surgeon at the University of University of Greifswald Greifswald , and in 1910 was appointed professor of surgery at the University of K nigsberg . The following year he relocated to University of Leipzig Leipzig , where he remained until his retirement in 1937. Payr was regarded as an excellent physician known for his expertise in all facets of surgery. He was the first surgeon to use ozone treatments in order to control and kill bacteria , a practice he learned from Swiss therapist E.A. Fisch. In 1935 he published ber Ozonbehandlung in der Chirurgie Ozone Treatment in Surgery . ref http www.lf1.cuni.cz Data files PragueMedicalReport 2008 1 pmr 01 2008 seidler.pdf Ozone and Its Usage in General Medicine and Dentistry, Prague Medical Report Vol. 109 2008 No. 1, p. 5 13 ref Also he introduced the use of absorbable magnesium surgical suture suture s in vascular and nerve surgery, and used elderberry stems for capillary action capillary drainage of brain abscesses. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 9577929&dopt Abstract NCBI Klinik und Poliklinik f r Neurochirurgie, Universit t Leipzig. Erwin Payr and his Contributions to Neurosurgery ref Splenic flexure syndrome or Payr s disease is named after a condition he described. Payr s disease is constipation due to kinking of an adhesion between the transverse colon transverse and descending colon . Also a tool used in abdominal surgery called a Payr pylorus clamp tool c ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Helen Fairchild.JPG thumb right 150px Helen Fairchild Helen Fairchild November 21, 1885 &ndash January 18, 1918 was an U.S. American nurse who served as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I , and who became known for her wartime letters to her family in the U.S., which vividly depicted the realities of combat nursing during World War I. She died of post operative complications after surgery for a gastric ulcer while on duty with British base hospital 10 16 on the western front. Biography Born in Turbot Township, Pennsylvania Turbot Township , Milton, Pennsylvania Milton , in central Pennsylvania , Fairchild graduated from Pennsylvania Hospital in 1913. Along with 63 other nurses, she volunteered for the American Expeditionary Force to help care for wounded soldiers after the United States entered World War I in April, 1917. After arriving in France, Fairchild volunteered for front line duty at casualty clearing station 4 at the Third Battle of Ypres on July 22, 1917, where she was exposed to heavy shelling including the use of mustard gas . She served as a combat nurse during the Third Battle of Ypres. Fairchild had a medical history of abdominal pain, which worsened after her combat experience. By Christmas, 1917 she was vomiting after every meal. X ray s revealed a large gastric ulcer obstructing her pylorus . She underwent surgery for the ulcer on January 13, 1918. At first she recovered well but then lapsed into a coma and died five days later. The post mortem examination suggested that she died as a result of hepatic complications from the chloroform used as the anesthesia during her operation, possibly worsened by her previous exposure to mustard gas. She is buried at Somme American Cemetery and Memorial in Bony , France . Honors The Nurses Post of the American Legion in Philadelphia was named the Helen Fairchild Nurses Post 412 in her honor. She is registered in the Women in Military Service for America M ... more details
Anton W lfler January 12, 1850 January 31, 1917 was an Austrian surgeon born in Kopezten, a village near Kladrau , Bohemia . In 1874 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna , where he was a student of Theodor Billroth 1829 1894 . Afterwards, he remained in Vienna for several years as Billroth s assistant. In 1886 he became a professor of surgery at the University of Graz , and in 1895 was a professor at Charles University in Prague . W lfler is remembered for his work in gastrointestinal surgery, and his investigations involving the thyroid gland . On September 28, 1881, he performed the first gastroenterostomy , which occurred on a patient suffering from an inoperable carcinoma of the pylorus . ref http books.google.com books?id DE2gAAAAMAAJ&pg RA1 PA261&lpg RA1 PA261&dq 22Anton W C3 B6lfler 22 pyloric September&source bl&ots oWNzuPFIqP&sig TtRyF7wJtEoS0rZCncJGS2KAi8k&hl en&sa X&ei WKcOT88wrdeJAvO7rbQN&ved 0CCQQ6AEwAQ v onepage&q 22Anton 20W C3 B6lfler 22 20pyloric 20September&f false Half yearly compendium of medical science 1882 ref ref http books.google.com books?id jykSU3KucWEC&pg PA328&lpg PA328&dq W C3 B6lfler gastroenterostomy&source bl&ots w76NSp9t8X&sig 7W8mN8jN0ou9fnEqiVJWzVue9JI&hl en&sa X&ei 50OT LWHMKIiAL o8HIDQ&sqi 2&ved 0CCIQ6AEwAQ v onepage&q W C3 B6lfler 20gastroenterostomy&f false The Pathology and surgical treatment of tumors by Nicholas Senn ref He is also credited with providing the first detailed description of postoperative tetany . ref http books.google.com books?id PuEx4YFnDSMC&pg PA7&lpg PA7&dq Wolfler 22 postoperative tetany 22&source bl&ots nUB8L5f3nE&sig wpa30wZebbgb1XA G2nqyilQkMc&hl en&sa X&ei jZ4OT62uJaaxiQL4xpG8DQ&sqi 2&ved 0CCQQ6AEwAQ v onepage&q Wolfler 20 22 20postoperative 20tetany 22&f false Surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands by Daniel Oertli ref Associated eponyms W lfler s gland An accessory thyroid gland. W lfler s operation Operation of gastroenterostomy. described in a paper titled Gastro E ... more details
Nofootnotes article date September 2011 Viktor von Hacker October 21, 1852 May 20, 1933 was an Austria n surgeon born in Vienna . In 1878 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Vienna , and after graduation remained in Vienna as an assistant to Theodor Billroth 1829 1894 . ref http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 3211.html Viktor Ritter von Hacker Who Named It ref Later he was a professor of surgery at the Universities of University of Innsbruck Innsbruck 1894 1903 and University of Graz Graz 1904 1924 . ref http aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at aeiou.encyclop.h h027835.htm internal&action setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE en , biography of Viktor von Hacker AEIOU Encyclopedia ref Hacker is remembered for his work involving esophagoscopy, esophagus esophageal surgery and gastrointestinal surgery. With German American surgeon Carl Beck 1856 1911 , he is credited with developing a surgical technique for balanic hypospadias . ref http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 3956.html Beck and von Hacker Operation Carl Beck, 1856 1911 Who Named It ref In 1885 Hacker assisted Billroth when the latter performed the first Segmental resection resection of the pylorus followed by Billroth II posterior gastrojejunostomy . Afterwards, Hacker documented a detailed account of the operation. With surgeon Georg Lotheissen 1868 1941 , he published two treatises concerning the esophagus , Angeborene Missbildungen, Verletzungen und Erkrankungen der Speiser hre Congenital Abnormalities, Injuries and Diseases of the Esophagus and Chirurgie der Speiser hre Surgery of the Esophagus . ref http www.whonamedit.com person bibliography 3211 Viktor Ritter von Hacker bibliography Who Named It ref References cite journal pmid 10840623 year 2000 last1 Stanger first1 O title Viktor von Hacker 1852 1933 Erinnerung an Leben und Schaffen eines bedeutenden Billroth Sch lers trans title Viktor von Hacker 1852 1933 Recollection of the life and work of an important pupil of Billroth language German volume 71 issue 4 pag ... more details
the pylorus to examine the first and second parts of the duodenum . Once this has been completed ... seen as a radial pattern around the pylorus before top and after bottom treatment with argon ... more details
Infobox disease Name Accessory pancreas ICD10 ICD10 Q 45 3 q 38 ICD9 ICD9 751.7 Accessory pancreas is a rare condition in which small groups of pancreatic cells are separate from the pancreas . They may occur in the mesentery of the small intestine , the wall of the duodenum , the upper part of the jejunum , or more rarely, in the wall of the stomach , ileum , gallbladder or spleen . The condition was first described by Klob in 1859. ref Klob J. Pancreas accessorium. Zeitschrift der Kaiserl. K nigl. Gesellschaft der Aerzte zu Wien 1859 15 732. ref Accessory pancreas is a small cluster of pancreas cells detached from the pancreas and sometimes found in the wall of the stomach or intestines. Locality After researching accessory pancreas at the University of Louisville medical library, I found a list of medical cases and the doctors that operated on the patients with this condition. In 1904, Dr. A. S. Warthin found 47 cases in the literature and added 2. Up to 1921, 31 cases were added. Twelve cases were found at operation. A number of patients have been operated upon for this trouble since then. E. J. Horgan found 2 cases in 321 consecutive autopsies. Warthin Locality of Accessory Pancreas, A. S. Warthin, 1904 br Wall of stomach 14 Diverticulum of jejunum .......1 br Wall of duodenum . 12 Diverticulum of ileum . 4 br Wall of jejunum . 15 Meckel s diverticulum 1 br Wall of ileum . 1 Umbilical fistula . 1 br Wall of intestine . 1 Mesenteric fat . 1 br Diverticulum of stomach . 1 Omentum 1 Horgan Locality of Accessory Pancreas, E. J. Horgan from 1904 1921 br Stomach .. 5 Small intestine . .1 br Pylorus . 2 Diverticulum of intestine . 4 br Jejunum .. 13 Diverticulum of duodenum . 2 br Duodenum ... 3 Splenic capsule 1 br Ileum 1 Diagnosis As a nurse,inquire about the patient s general health status because pancreatic disorders are often accompanied by weakness and fatigue. The past Medical history may reveal previous disorders of the biliary tract or duodenum , abdominal t ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Gastric mucosa Latin tunica mucosa gastris GraySubject 247 GrayPage 1166 Image Illu stomach2.jpg Caption Stomach Image2 Gray1053.png Caption2 Section of mucous membrane of human stomach, near the cardiac orifice. X 45. c. Cardiac glands. d. Their ducts. cr. Gland similar to the intestinal glands, with goblet cells. mm. Mucous membrane. m. Muscularis mucos . m . Muscular tissue within the mucous membrane. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 22 DorlandsSuf 12831946 The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits . In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium , lamina propria , and the muscularis mucosae . In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae , which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature . These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended . When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands , and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands cardiac glands in ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Krukenberg tumor Image Krukenberg Tumor.jpg Caption Krukenberg Tumor DiseasesDB 30081 ICD10 ICD10 C 56 c 51 ICD9 ICD9 183 ICDO 8490 6 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D007725 A Krukenberg tumor refers to a malignancy in the ovary that metastasis metastasized from a primary site, classically the gastrointestinal tract, although it can arise in other tissues such as the breast. ref name Ackerman04 cite book author Ackerman, Lauren Vedder Rosai, Juan title Rosai and Ackerman s surgical pathology publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2004 page 1708 isbn 0 323 01342 2 volume 2 ref Gastric adenocarcinoma, especially at the pylorus , is the most common source. ref name Al Agha2006 cite pmid 17076540 ref Krukenberg tumors are often over 80 ref name Al Agha2006 found in both ovaries, consistent with its metastatic nature. ref name Al Agha2006 Historical Krukenberg tumors are named after Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg 1871 1946 , ref WhoNamedIt doctor 620 Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg ref who reported what he thought was a new type of primary ovarian malignancy in 1896 six years later these were shown to be of metastatic gastrointestinal tract origin. ref name Young2006 cite pmid 16998315 ref However, Paget had described the process in 1854. ref name Young2006 Etiology and incidence Krukenberg tumors can be seen in all age groups, with an average age of 45 years. ref name Al Agha2006 In most countries, cancer that has metastasis metastasized to the ovary accounts for only about 1 to 2 of ovarian cancer ref name Al Agha2006 in the remainder, the ovary itself is the primary cancer site. However, in Japan they represent a much higher percentage of malignancies in the ovary almost 20 due to the increased prevalence of gastric cancer. ref name Al Agha2006 Krukenberg tumors account for about 15 of metastatic cancers that initially appear to have arisen in the ovary, and as such is less common than metastasis arising from ovarian epithelial and ge ... more details
epithelium in response to acidic and fatty stimuli present there when the pylorus opens and releases ... of the duodenal end of the pylorus . From here it passes laterally right , superiorly and posteriorly ... more details
, central region. Pylorus The lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small ... the fundus. middle circular layer At this layer, the pyloric valve pylorus is surrounded by a thick ... Cardiac glands BR at cardia Pyloric glands BR at pylorus Fundic glands BR at Fundus stomach fundus ... more details
Infobox scientist name PAGENAME image Ludwik Rydygier.jpg image size 150px caption Ludwik Rydygier with his assistants. Painting by Leon Wycz kowski birth date 21 August 1850 birth place Dusocin death date 25 June 1920 death place yczak w Cemetery residence citizenship nationality Poland Polish ethnicity field surgery work institutions alma mater University of Greifswald doctoral advisor doctoral students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion footnotes signature Ludwik Rydygier 21 August 1850 &ndash 25 June 1920 was a Poland Polish surgeon . Image Ludwik Rydygier monument.jpg thumb The monument of Ludwik Rydygier in Che mno Born in Dusocin near Grudzi dz Graudenz Grudzi dz , at the time part of the Province of Prussia after Partitions of Poland partitioning of Poland . Since childhood he accented his Polish roots. Between 1859 and 1861 he was learning in gymnasium in Chojnice , then also in gymnasium in Che mno , which he graduated in 1869. In years 1869 1878 he studied medical sciences at the University of Greifswald . After studies he was running a private clinic in Che mno. There he wrote many of his papers in the field of surgery . In 1887 he was appointed to work at the surgery faculty at Jagiellonian University in Krak w . In 1897 he was asked to lead the new surgery faculty and clinic at Lw w Lviv University, to which he agreed. He was at his time one of the most distinguished Polish and worldwide known surgeons. In 1880, as the first in Poland and second in the world he succeeded in surgical removal of the pylorus in a patient suffering from stomach cancer . He was also the first to document this procedure. In 1881, as the first in the world, he carried out a peptic ulcer Segmental resection resection . In 1884 he introduced a new method of surgical peptic ulcer treatment using Gastroenterostomy . Rydygier proposed 1900 original concepts for removing prostate prostatic adenoma and introduced many other surgical ... more details
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