Thailand s Psychotropic Substances Act is a law designed to regulate certain mind altering drugs. According to the Office of the Narcotics Control Board, The Act directly resulted from the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 of which Thailand is a party. The Act divides psychotropic drugs into four Schedules. Offenses involving Schedule I and II drugs carry heavier penalties than those involving Schedule III and IV drugs. Note that this statute does not regulate most opioid s, cocaine , or some amphetamines . The vast majority of narcotic painkillers, along with cocaine and most amphetamines are regulated under the Narcotics Act . Schedule I Some examples include Cathinone a Amino propiophenone Etryptamine 3 2 aminobutyl indole Mescaline 3,4,5 Trimethoxyphenethylamine Methcathinone 2 methylamino 1 phenylpropan 1 one Psilocine 3 2 Dimethylaminoethyl 4 hydroxyindole Psilocybine 3 2 Dimethylaminoethyl indol 4 yl dihydrogen phosphate Tetrahydrocannabinol 1 Hydroxy 3 pentyl 6 a, 7,10,10 a tetrahydro 6,6,9 trimethyl 6H dibenzo b,d pyran Schedule II Some examples include Amfepramone 2 Diethylamino propiophenone Aminorex 2 amino 5 phenyl 2 oxazoline Butorphanol 17 cyclobutymethyl morphinan 3, 14 diol Cathine d threo 2 Amino 1 hydroxy 1 phenylpropane Fencamfamin N Ethyl 3 phenylbicyclo 2,2,1 heptan 2 amine Fenethylline 3,7 Dihydro 1,3 dimethyl 7 2 1 methyl 2 phenyl ethyl amino ethyl 1H purine 2,6 dione Flunitrazepam 5 o Fluorophenyl 1,3 dihydro 1 methyl 7 nitro 2H 1, 4 benzodiazepin 2 one Ketamine Cyclohexanone, 2 2 chlorophenyl 2 methylamino Mazindol 5 p Chlorophenyl 2,5 dihydro 3H imidazo 2,1 a isoindol 5 o1 Methaqualone 2 methyl 3 o tolyl 4 3H quinazolinone Methylphenidate 2 Phenyl 2 2 piperidyl acetic acid, methyl ester Nimetazepam 1,3 Dihydro 1 methyl 7 nitro 5 phenyl 2H 1,4 benzo diazepin 2 one Pemoline 2 Amino 5 phenyl 4 5H oxazolone Pentobarbital 5 Ethyl 5 1 methylbutyl barbituric acid Phencyclidine 1 1 Phenyl cyclohexyl piperidine Secobarbital 5 Allyl 5 1 met ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 400841944 IUPAC name 3 n hexyl 7,8,9,10 tetrahydro 6,6,9 trimethyl 6H dibenzo b,d pyran 1 ol image Parahexyl skeletal.svg width 200 Clinical data tradename legal status Schedule I Class A routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 117 51 1 ATC prefix none PubChem 8334 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8031 Chemical data C 22 H 32 O 2 molecular weight 328.488 g mol smiles Oc2cc cc1OC C 3 C c12 CC CC 3 C C C CCCCCC InChI 1 C22H32O2 c1 5 6 7 8 9 16 13 19 23 21 17 12 15 2 10 11 18 17 22 3,4 24 20 21 14 16 h13 15,23H,5 12H2,1 4H3 InChIKey OORFXDSWECAQLI UHFFFAOYAQ StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C22H32O2 c1 5 6 7 8 9 16 13 19 23 21 17 12 15 2 10 11 18 17 22 3,4 24 20 21 14 16 h13 15,23H,5 12H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey OORFXDSWECAQLI UHFFFAOYSA N Parahexyl Synhexyl, n hexyl sup 3 sup THC is a synthetic homology chemistry homologue of tetrahydrocannabinol THC , which was invented in 1949 during attempts to elucidate the structure of sup 9 sup THC, one of the active components of cannabis . ref name JACS1949 cite journal author Adams R, Harfenist M, Loewe S title New Analogs of Tetrahydrocannabinol. XIX journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 71 issue 5 pages 1624 1628 year 1949 pmid doi 10.1021 ja01173a023 ref ref http www.cognitiveliberty.org shulgin adsarchive parahexl.htm Ask Dr. Shulgin Online March 7, 2001 Bot generated title ref Parahexyl is similar in both structure and activity to THC, differing only in the position of one double bond, and the lengthening of the 3 pentyl chain by one CH sub 2 sub group to n hexyl. ref name pmid4477495 cite journal author Ono M, Shimamine M, Takahashi K, Inoue T title Studies on hallucinogens. VII Synthesis of parahexyl language Japanese journal Eisei Shikenjo h koku. Bulletin of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences volume 49 issue 92 pages 46 50 ye ... more details
mined by a warlike race called the Triiad , led by the Pyran traitor, Paiyin. The sole purpose of the Triiad ... to the help they provided in the conflict with Paiyin. The average Pyran lives about 300 years. Kulai ... which keeps the race strong, healthy and able to procreate. Without a Chalim, the Pyran race ... more details
CoA hydratases. ref name pmid12770824 Image Mupirocin pyran2.png thumb 500px Figure 4. The pyran ring ... and MupK, respectively. ref name pmid12770824 The formation of the pyran ring requires many enzyme ..., demonstrating that PA B is not created by hydroxylating PA A. A knockout of mupW eliminated the pyran .... The epoxide of PA A at C10 11 is believed to be inserted after pyran formation by a cytochrome P450 ... more details
File Alpha D Glucopyranose.svg thumb 180px D Glucopyranose Pyranose is a collective term for carbohydrate s that have a chemical structure that includes a six membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. The name derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle pyran , but the pyranose ring does not have double bond s. A pyranose in which the anomeric OH at C l has been converted into an OR group is called a pyranoside. Formation of Pyranose The pyranose ring is formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 C 5 of a sugar with the aldehyde at carbon 1. This forms an intramolecular hemiacetal . If reaction is between the C 4 hydroxyl and the aldehyde, a furanose is formed instead. ref name Essentials cite book author Robyt, J.F. title Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry publisher Springer year 1998 isbn 0387949518 ref The pyranose form is thermodynamically more stable than the furanose form, which can be seen by the distribution of these two cyclic forms in solution. ref cite journal author Ma, B.Y. Schaefer, H.F. Allinger, N.L. title Theoretical studies of the potential energy surfaces and compositions of the D aldo and D ketohexoses journal Journal of the American Chemical Society year 1998 volume 120 pages 3411 3422 doi 10.1021 ja9713439 issue 14 ref br br Image Representations of glucopyranose.png thumb 700px centre Formation of pyranose hemiacetal and representations of beta D glucopyranose History File Haworth Projection.png thumb right Haworth Projection of beta D glucopyranose Hermann Emil Fischer won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 for his work in determining the structure of the D aldohexose s. ref name Essentials However, the linear, free aldehyde structures that Fischer proposed represent a very minor percentage of the forms that hexose sugars adopt in solution. It was Edmund Hirst and Clifford Purves, in the research group of Walter Haworth , who conclusively determined that the hexose sugars preferentially form ... more details
unsaturation unsaturated lactone or an 2 pyrone pyrone or pyran 2 one 2 . Important representatives of this class are the coumarin s. Likewise a 4 hydroxyl pyrylium compound is a pyrone or pyran ... , stannabenzene , pyridine , phosphorine , arsabenzene , pyrylium salt Pyran s are pyrones lacking ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 400341109 Name Oligomycin A ImageFile Oligomycin.png IUPACName 1 R ,4 E ,5 nowiki nowiki S ,6 S ,6 nowiki nowiki S ,7 R ,8 S ,10 R ,11 R ,12 S ,14 R ,15 S ,16 R ,18 E ,20 E ,22 R ,25 S ,27 R ,28 S ,29 R 22 ethyl 7,11,14,15 tetrahydroxy 6 2 R 2 hydroxypropyl 5 ,6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29 nonamethyl 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 tetrahydro 3 H ,9 H ,13 H spiro 2,26 dioxabicyclo 23.3.1 nonacosa 4,18,20 triene 27,2 pyran 3,9,13 trione IUPACName hidden yes OtherNames Oligomycin C 45 H 74 O 11 Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21106358 InChI 1S C46H76O11 c1 13 34 18 16 14 15 17 28 4 42 51 45 12,54 43 52 32 8 40 50 31 7 39 49 30 6 38 48 27 3 19 22 37 47 55 41 29 5 35 21 20 34 56 46 33 41 9 24 23 26 2 36 57 46 25 44 10,11 53 h14 16,18 19,22,26 36,38,40 42,48,50 51,53 54H,13,17,20 21,23 25H2,1 12H3 b15 14 ,18 16 ,22 19 t26 ,27 ,28 ,29 ,30 ,31 ,32 ,33 ,34 ,35?,36 ,38 ,40 ,41 ,42 ,45 ,46 m1 s1 InChIKey QBAMBSAJEFIQBK GJHUHQBXBC StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C46H76O11 c1 13 34 18 16 14 15 17 28 4 42 51 45 12,54 43 52 32 8 40 50 31 7 39 49 30 6 38 48 27 3 19 22 37 47 55 41 29 5 35 21 20 34 56 46 33 41 9 24 23 26 2 36 57 46 25 44 10,11 53 h14 16,18 19,22,26 36,38,40 42,48,50 51,53 54H,13,17,20 21,23 25H2,1 12H3 b15 14 ,18 16 ,22 19 t26 ,27 ,28 ,29 ,30 ,31 ,32 ,33 ,34 ,35?,36 ,38 ,40 ,41 ,42 ,45 ,46 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey QBAMBSAJEFIQBK GJHUHQBXSA N InChIKey1 QBAMBSAJEFIQBK GJHUHQBXSA N CASNo 1404 19 9 EINECS 215 767 9 PubChem 6450197 SMILES C C C O C C H 1O C 2 CC C H 1C O C H 3CC C H CC C C C C C C H C C H O C C O C O C H C C H O C H C C O C H C C H O C H C C C C O O C H C H 2C C H 3C InChI RTECS RK3325000 ChEBI MeSHName Oligomycins KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG Section2 Chembox Properties MolarMass 791.062 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility SolubleOther Solvent pKa pKb IsoelectricPt SpecRotation RefractIndex Visc ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 408275519 Name Deguelin ImageFile Deguelin.png ImageSize 200px ImageName IUPACName 7aS,13aS 13,13a Dihydro 9,10 dimethoxy 3,3 dimethyl 3H bis 1 benzopyrano 3,4 b 6 ,5 3 pyran 7 7aH one OtherNames Deguelin 3H Bis 1 benzopyrano br 3,4 b 6 ,5 e pyran 7 7aH one, br 13,13a dihydro 9,10 dimethoxy 3,3 br dimethyl , 7aS,13aS 3H Bis 1 br benzopyrano 3,4 b 6 ,5 e pyran br 7 7aH one, 13,13a dihydro 9, br 10 dimethoxy 3,3 dimethyl , 7aS cis Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 522 17 8 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 393417 SMILES O C2c5c O C H 3COc1cc OC c OC br cc1 C H 23 c4 C C C Oc4cc5 C C InChI 1 C2 3H22O6 c1 23 2 8 7 12 15 29 23 6 5 13 21 24 20 14 9 17 25 3 18 26 4 10 16 14 27 11 19 20 28 22 12 13 h5 10,19 20H,11H2,1 4H3 t19 ,20 m1 s1 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 23 sub H sub 22 sub O sub 6 sub MolarMass 394.42 g mol Density MeltingPtC 171 BoilingPt Deguelin is a derivative of rotenone . Both are compounds classified as rotenoid s of the flavonoid family and are naturally occurring insecticides. They can be produced by extraction from several plant species belonging to three genera of the Fabaceae or Legume family, Lonchocarpus , Derris , or Tephrosia . Cub resin , the root extract from Cub Lonchocarpus utilis and from Barbasco Lonchocarpus urucu , is used as a commercial insecticide and piscicide fish poison . The major active ingredients are rotenone and deguelin. Although organic produced by nature cub resin is no longer considered environmentally safe. Pharmacokinetics Mean residence time MRT 6.98 h ref cite journal author Udeani GO, Zhao GM, Shin YG, et al. title Pharmacokinetics of deguelin, a cancer chemopreventive agent in rats journal Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. volume 47 issue 3 pages 263 8 year 2001 month March pmid 11320671 url http link.springer.de link service journals 00280 bibs 1047003 10470263.htm doi 10.1007 s002800000187 ref Terminal half life t1 2 gamma 9.26 ... more details
distinguish2 the Ferrier rearrangement , a reaction discovered by the same chemist The Ferrier carbocyclization or Ferrier II reaction is an organic reaction that was first reported by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier in 1979. ref cite journal last Ferrier first RJ journal J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 year 1979 pages 1455 1458 doi 10.1039 p19790001455 title Unsaturated carbohydrates. Part 21. A carbocyclic ring closure of a hex 5 enopyranoside derivative ref ref cite journal last1 Blattner first1 RJ last2 Ferrier first2 RJ journal Carbohydr. Res. year 1986 volume 150 pages 151 162 doi 10.1016 0008 6215 86 80012 X title Direct synthesis of 6 oxabicyclo 3.2.1 octane derivatives from deoxyinososes ref It is a metal mediated rearrangement reaction rearrangement of enol ether pyran s to cyclohexanone s. Typically, this reaction is catalyzed by mercury element mercury salts, specifically mercury II chloride . File Ferrier carbocyclization.svg center 600px Several reviews have been published. ref cite journal last1 Ferrier first1 RJ last2 Middleton first2 S journal Chem. Rev. year 1993 volume 93 pages 2779 2831 doi 10.1021 cr00024a008 title The conversion of carbohydrate derivatives into functionalized cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes issue 8 ref ref cite journal last1 Marco Contelles first1 J last2 Molina first2 Maria T. last3 Anjum first3 S journal Chem. Rev. year 2004 volume 104 pages 2857 2900 doi 10.1021 cr980013j title Naturally Occurring Cyclohexane Epoxides Sources, Biological Activities, and Synthesis pmid 15186183 issue 6 ref Reaction mechanism Ferrier proposed the following reaction mechanism File Ferrier carbocyclization mech.svg center 700px In this mechanism, the terminal olefin undergoes hydroxymercuration to produce the first intermediate, compound 2 , a hemiacetal . Next, methanol is lost and the dicarbonyl compound cyclizes through an attack on the electrophilic aldehyde to form the carbocycle as the product. A downside to this reaction is that ... more details
valign top pyran Aldehydes can, typically in the presence of suitable catalysts, serve as partners in cycloaddition reactions. The aldehyde serves as the dienophile component, giving a pyran or related ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 470635535 IUPAC name 2R,3R,4S 4 guanidino 3 prop 1 en 2 ylamino 2 1R,2R 1,2,3 trihydroxypropyl 3,4 dihydro 2H pyran 6 carboxylic acid image Zanamivir.png Clinical data tradename Relenza Drugs.com drugs.com monograph zanamivir pregnancy category B1 Australia Au , C The United States of America US legal status S4 small Au small , POM small United Kingdom UK small , only small U.S. small routes of administration Inhalation Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability 2 oral protein bound 10 metabolism Negligible elimination half life 2.5 5.1 hours excretion Renal Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 139110 80 8 ATC prefix J05 ATC suffix AH01 PubChem 60855 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB00558 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 54842 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII L6O3XI777I KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D00902 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 50663 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 222813 Chemical data C 12 H 20 N 4 O 7 molecular weight 332.31 g mol smiles O C O C 1O C H C H O C H O CO C H NC O C C H N C N N C 1 InChI 1 C12H20N4O7 c1 4 18 15 8 5 16 12 13 14 2 7 11 21 22 23 10 8 9 20 6 19 3 17 h2,5 6,8 10,17,19 20H,3H2,1H3, H,15,18 H,21,22 H4,13,14,16 t5 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,10 m0 s1 InChIKey ARAIBEBZBOPLMB UFGQHTETBS StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H20N4O7 c1 4 18 15 8 5 16 12 13 14 2 7 11 21 22 23 10 8 9 20 6 19 3 17 h2,5 6,8 10,17,19 20H,3H2,1H3, H,15,18 H,21,22 H4,13,14,16 t5 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,10 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ARAIBEBZBOPLMB UFGQHTETSA N synonyms small 5 acetamido 4 guanidino 6 1,2,3 trihydroxypropyl 5,6 dihydro 4 H pyran 2 carboxylic acid small flu Zanamivir International Nonproprietary Name INN IPAc en icon z n m v r is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza caused by influenza A virus and influenza B virus . Zanamivir was the f ... more details
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