c3O cccc4.N 2 C C C c1sccc1 N C CCC 2 MeSHName Pyrantelpamoate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula ... BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Pyrantelpamoate under US Pharmacopoeia or Pyrantel Embonate under European Pharmacopoeia , is used as a deworming agent .... It is a combination of pyrantel and pamoic acid . Some drug companies pair pyrantelpamoate with praziquantel ... . Pyrantelpamoate is also commonly included in monthly administered chewable heartworm tablets for cats and dogs. Drug action Pyrantelpamoate acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent ... pyrantelpamoate, may induce complete intestinal obstruction in a heavy worm load. This obstruction ... 1 g as a single dose. Citation needed date July 2011 Toxicity Pyrantelpamoate is considered a Pregnancy ... by natural process. Since Pyrantel is poorly absorbed by the host s intestine, the host is unaffected .... Pyrantel is considered safe to use in nursing animals. ref name isbn0 8138 0518 X cite book author ... year 2005 pages isbn 0 8138 0518 X oclc doi ref See also Pinworm Pyrantel References reflist Anthelmintics ... Category Naphthoic acids cs Pyrantel es Pamoato de pirantel pl Pyrantel ... more details
recent studies on the mode of action of levamisole. Parasitology 131, S71 S84. ref See also Pyrantelpamoate References reflist Anthelmintics Category Thiophenes Category World Health Organization essential medicines Category Pyrimidines organic compound stub de Pyrantel it Pirantel ja pt Pirantel ... more details
File Metronidazole.svg thumb Skeletal formula of metronidazole Unreferenced stub date December 2009 prose date February 2011 Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic disease s such as nematodes , cestode s, trematode s, infectious protozoa , and amoeba s. Antinematodes File Hookworms.JPG thumb right 100px Ancylostoma caninum, a type of hookworm , attached to the intestinal mucosa. Mebendazole for most nematode infections Pyrantel pamoate for most nematode infections Thiabendazole for roundworm infections Diethylcarbamazine for treatment of Lymphatic filariasis Ivermectin for prevention of river blindness Anticestodes Niclosamide for tapeworm infections Praziquantel for tapeworm infections Albendazole broad spectrum Antitrematodes Praziquantel Antiamoebics Rifampin Amphotericin B Antiprotozoals Melarsoprol for treatment of African trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei Eflornithine for African trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness Metronidazole for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas Tinidazole for intestinal infections caused by Giardia Miltefosine for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, currently undergoing investigation for Chagas disease See also Naegleria fowleri Balamuthia mandrillaris Chagas disease Major drug groups Excavata antiparasitics Antiprotozoal agent Agents against amoebozoa Anthelmintics Category Antiparasitic agents Antimicrobial stub es Antiparasitario fr Parasiticide it Antiparassitario ja tl Antiparasitiko ... more details
This article is about drugs to treat roundworm infections. See acaricide ac aricide s for pesticides that kill mites. Ascaricides are drug s to treat ascariasis that is caused by infections with parasite parasitic nematode s roundworms of the genus Ascaris giant intestinal roundworms . The large roundworm of pigs Ascaris suum typically infects pigs while Ascaris lumbricoides affects human populations, typically in sub tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation. Common ascaricides include Mebendazole Vermox , causes slow immobilization and death of the worms by selectively and irreversibly blocking uptake of glucose and other nutrients in susceptible adult intestine where helminths dwell. Oral dosage is 100 milligram mg 12 hourly for 3 days. Piperazine , a flaccid paralyzing agent that causes a blocking response of ascaris muscle to acetylcholine. The narcotizing effect immobilizes the worm, which prevents migration when treatment is accomplished with weak drugs such as thiabendazole. If used by itself it causes the worm to be passed out in the feces. Dosage is 75 mg kg max 3.5 g as a single oral dose. Pyrantel pamoate Antiminth, Pin Rid, Pin X , depolarizes ganglionic block of nicotinic neuromuscular transmission, resulting in spastic paralysis of the worm. Spastic tetanic paralyzing agents, in particular pyrantel pamoate, may induce complete intestinal obstruction in a heavy worm load. Dosage is 11 mg kg not to exceed 1 g as a single dose. Albendazole , a broad spectrum antihelminthic agent that decreases Adenosine triphosphate ATP production in the worm, causing energy depletion, immobilization, and finally death. Dosage is 400 mg given as single oral dose contraindicated during pregnancy and children under 2 years . Thiabendazole , may cause migration of the worm into the esophagus , so it is usually combined with piperazine. Hexylresorcinol , effective in single dose ref name Holt Holt, Jr Emmett L, McIntosh Rustin Holt s Diseases of Infancy and Childhood ... more details
Uncinaria stenocephala is a nematode that Parasitism parasitizes dog s, cat s, and fox es as well as humans. It is rare to find in cats in the United States. The common name is the northern hookworm of dogs. Life cycle The host ingests an infective third stage larva . The larva matures to the adult in the small intestine. Eggs are laid in the small intestine and pass out with the feces. The prepatent period is about 15 to 17 days. The eggs hatch in the soil and the larvae molt twice to reach the infective third stage. ref name CAPC cite web url http www.capcvet.org recommendations hookworms.html publisher Companion Animal Parasite Council title Intestinal Parasites Hookworms accessdate 8 December 2011 ref Adult worms may live for 4 to 24 months in the small intestine. Dog and cat hookworms range in size from 10 to 20 mm by 0.4 to 0.5 mm and the eggs are 71 to 93 m by 35 to 58 m. ref name CAPC Adult parasites are most often found in their hosts small intestine . Diagnosis Diagnostic Stage Eggs are found in fecal flotation. Eggs measure 75 um long by 45 um wide. Common Diagnostic Test Fecal float to recover eggs. Clinical Signs All hookworms suck blood, they are capable of removing 0.1mls of blood per worm, per 24 hour period. Light infections are asymptomatic. Infected pups may present with pale mucus membranes and anemia, ill thrift, failure to gain weight, poor hair coat, dehydration, and dark, tarry diarrhea melena . Puppies harboring many worms will develop an acute normocytic, normochromic anemia followed by hypochromic, microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency. Without immediate intervention, these animals may die of the infection. Those that survive may continue as poor doers with chronic anemia. ref name CAPC Treatment Febantel , Febantel Pyrantel embonate, Fenbendazole , Ivermectin , Mebendazole , Pyrantel Pamoate DEFAULTSORT Uncinaria Stenocephala Category Nematodes References references Foreyt, W. J. 2001 . Veterinary parasitology reference man ... more details
unreferenced date October 2007 Italic title Taxobox name Trichostrongylus tenuis regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis ordo familia genus Trichostrongylus species T. tenuis binomial Trichostrongylus tenuis Trichostrongylus tenuis , also known as the strongyle worm , is a gut nematode found in the United Kingdom , sensitive to Pyrantel pamoate . Larva e have a short migration inside the mucosa of the intestine and return quickly to the digestive tract . This endoparasite causes a condition often called strongylosis or grouse disease and which can be the cause of regular crashes in grouse populations. When the adult worm burrows into the Cecum caeca walls it causes a lot of damage and internal bleeding which in itself is harmful to the grouse. The worms ultimately reduce the digestive efficiency thus affecting the condition of the grouse. The eggs of the strongyle worm found in the caecal droppings of Red Grouse , hatch out into a microscopic larvae stage. Living within the dropping they feed off bacteria and organic matter they develop through two moult s reaching their third larval stage, L3 . The L3 larvae is now at its infective stage so it swims up Calluna heather stalks, on a thin film of liquid, to the young shoots where it is most likely to be ingested by a host. Once in the body of a host they enter one of the two caecum in the intestine of the host where the larvae develop into adult worms. The adults mate within the caeca and the female can lay over 100 eggs a day which are passed out in the caecal dropping. The development of the parasite can vary greatly depending on the conditions, namely temperature and humidity. The eggs and larvae can both tolerate periods of low temperature but neither can survive in hot and dry weather. In perfect conditions with high humidity and temperatures exceeding 15 C most eggs will hatch within 24 hours, compared with at 5 C where the eggs may take several days to hatch out. The larvae can remain active above 6 C with rel ... more details
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are drugs that expel parasite parasitic worm s helminths from the body, by either stunning or killing them. They may also be called vermifuges stunning or vermicides killing . Pharmaceutical classes Benzimidazoles Albendazole &ndash effective against threadworms , roundworms , whipworms , tapeworms , hookworms Mebendazole &ndash effective against pinworms , roundworms and hookworms Thiabendazole &ndash effective against roundworms, hookworms Fenbendazole &ndash effective against gastrointestinal parasites Triclabendazole &ndash effective against liver fluke s Flubendazole &ndash effective against most intestinal parasites Abamectin &ndash effective against most common intestinal worms, except tapeworms, for which praziquantel is commonly used in conjunction with abamectin Diethylcarbamazine &ndash effective against Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , Brugia timori , tropical pulmonary eosinophilia , loiasis Niclosamide &ndash effective against tapeworms Ivermectin &ndash effective against most common intestinal worms except tapeworms Suramin Pyrantel pamoate &ndash effective against most nematode infections Levamisole Praziquantel &ndash effective against cestodes , some trematodes Octadepsipeptides e.g. Emodepside &ndash effective against a variety of gastrointestinal helminths Aminoacetonitrile derivatives e.g. Monepantel effective against a variety of gastrointestinal helminths including those resistant to the other drug classes. Natural antihelmintics Examples of naturally occurring anthelmintics include Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum & Nicotiana rustica ref The Merck Index , 12th Ed., page 1119 entry 6611 Nicotine , Merck & Co. 1996 ref Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Neem Azadirachta indica Black walnut Juglans nigra Absinth Wormwood wormwood Artemisia absynthium Mexican Wormwood Artemisia mexicana clove Syzygium aromaticum tansy tea Tanacetum vulgare Hagenia Hagenia abyssinica Garlic Allium sativum Chive juice Diatomaceous Earth DE ... more details
used either alone or in combination with pyrantelpamoate Toxocariasis in cats and dogs whose ... Merck Tablets Droncit Bayer for veterinary use Drontal combination with pyrantelpamoate Bayer ... combined with pyrantel ref name fcp Cite book title Feline clinical parasitology last Bowman ... more details
oral dose. Pyrantelpamoate Antiminth, Pin Rid, Pin X C sub 11 sub H sub 14 sub N sub 2 sub S.C sub ... 400pt align center Albendazole , Mebendazole , or Pyrantelpamoate Width 200pt align center Diagnostic ..., resulting in spastic paralysis of the worm. Spastic tetanic paralyzing agents, in particular pyrantelpamoate, may induce complete intestinal obstruction in a heavy worm load. Dosage is 11 mg ... studies with pyrantel. II. Prophylactic activity in a mouse ascaris suum test model journal J. Parasitol ... more details
or pyrantelpamoate . ref GIDEON Infectious Diseases Diseases. GIDEON Infectious Disease Database. 5 ... in the inhibition of glucose uptake by the Oesophagostomum. Albendazole and pyrantelpamoate at these doses ... more details
. ref name cook1994p1161 Pyrantelpamoate also called pyrantel embonate, brand name s e.g., Reese ... in the adult pinworms, and pyrvinium pamoate also called pyrvinium embonate , which works by inhibiting ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Drugbox IUPAC name 5 chloro 7 3 diethylamino propyl amino methyl quinolin 8 ol image Clamoxyquine.svg Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 2545 39 3 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 18029 DrugBank ChemSpiderID 17033 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII JUN13FZ6RF Chemical data C 17 H 24 Cl 1 N 3 O 1 molecular weight 321.846 g mol sup 1 sup smiles Clc1cc c O c2ncccc12 CNCCCN CC CC InChI 1 C17H24ClN3O c1 3 21 4 2 10 6 8 19 12 13 11 15 18 14 7 5 9 20 16 14 17 13 22 h5,7,9,11,19,22H,3 4,6,8,10,12H2,1 2H3 InChIKey HOFHLRCDGWSLHX UHFFFAOYAA Clamoxyquine International Nonproprietary Name INN or clamoxyquin former British Approved Name BAN , as the pamoate or hydrochloride salt, is an antiparasitic antiamebic and antidiarrheal drug. It has been used as a veterinary medicine to treat salmonidae salmonids for infection with the myxozoan parasite , Myxobolus cerebralis . Category Veterinary drugs Category Quinolines Category Organochlorides Pharma stub Veterinary med stub ... more details
In certain circumstances, levamisole and pyrantelpamoate may be used. ref name Hotez05 The 2008 ..., 15 for mebendazole, and 31 for pyrantelpamoate. ref cite journal author Keiser J, Utzinger ... more details
Taxobox name Taenia taeniaeformis regnum Animal ia phylum Platyhelminthes classis Cestoda ordo Cyclophyllidea familia Taeniidae genus Taenia genus Taenia species T. taeniaeformis binomial Taenia taeniaeformis Taenia taeniaeformis is a parasitic tapeworm, with cats as definitive host s. Two drugs known to be 100 effective in removing this infection are praziquantel and epsiprantel Cestex, Banminth which are often combined with pyrantel , though long term effectiveness of treatment requires that these drugs be used in conjunction with the removal of the intermediate host animal insects from the family Siphonaptera fleas from the environment and diet the most common route to infection takes place through ingesting infected fleas on a prey animal . ref Cite book title The Cat Its Behavior, Nutrition and Health last Case first Linda P. authorlink last2 first2 editorn last editorn first edition Illustrated volume year 2003 origyear page 245 pages publisher Wiley Blackwell place Ames, Iowa url http books.google.com books?id mdg0R6nDWgoC&pg PA245&dq cat tapeworm Taenia&hl en&sa X&ei J0pwT8m0NOzPiAKo3 CGBQ&ved 0CFEQ6AEwAg v onepage&q cat 20tapeworm 20Taenia&f false accessdate 26 March 2012 isbn 9780813803319 oclc ref References reflist Parasite stub Category Cestoda ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
