chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 417947419 ImageFile Pyrazine chemical structure.png ImageSize 320px IUPACName Pyrazine OtherNames 1,4 Diazabenzene, p Diazine, 1,4 Diazine, Paradiazine, Piazine, UN 1325 Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8904 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 15797 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H4N2 c1 2 6 4 3 5 1 h1 4H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey KYQCOXFCLRTKLS UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 290 37 9 EINECS 206 027 6 PubChem 9261 SMILES c1cnccn1 InChI 1 C4H4N2 c1 2 6 4 3 5 1 h1 4H ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 30953 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 4 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 2 sub MolarMass 80.09 g mol Appearance White crystals Density 1.031 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPtC 52 BoilingPtC 115 Solubility Soluble pKa 0.37 ... Methods , Academic Press, New York, 1955. ref protonated pyrazine Section3 Chembox Hazards ... SPhrases S16 , S26 , S36 Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C sub 4 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 2 sub . Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D sub .... Pyrazine is less basic in nature than pyridine , pyridazine and pyrimidine . Tetramethylpyrazine ... methods exist for the organic synthesis of pyrazine and its derivatives. Some of these are among the oldest synthesis reactions still in use. In the Staedel Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis 1876 2 Chloroacetophenone ... to a pyrazine ref Ueber die Einwirkung von Ammoniak auf Chloracetylbenzol p 563 564 W ... Volume 9, Issue 1 , Pages 563 564 1876 ref A variation is the Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis 1879 also ... T.L. Gilchrist ISBN 0 582 01421 2 ref Image Gutknecht Pyrazine Synthesis.svg 500px Gutknecht Pyrazine ... Safety evaluation of food additives pyrazine derivatives References reflist Category Pyrazines de Pyrazin es Pirazina eo Piracino eu Pirazina fr Pyrazine it Pirazina nl Pyrazine ja pt Pirazina ... more details
other uses IPMP disambiguation chembox verifiedrevid 428568548 Name Isopropyl methoxy pyrazine ImageFile IPMP.png ImageSize 200px ImageName Chemical structure of isopropyl methoxy pyrazine ImageAlt Chemical structure of isopropyl methoxy pyrazine IUPACName 2 methoxy 3 propan 2 ylpyrazine OtherNames IPMP br 2 Isopropyl 3 methoxypyrazine br 3 Isopropyl 2 methoxypyrazine Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 25773 40 4 CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASOther PubChem 33166 SMILES CC C C1 NC CN C1OC InChI MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 8 sub H sub 12 sub N sub 2 sub O MolarMass 152.19 g mol ExactMass 152.094963 u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition RPhrases R10 , R23 , R34 , R50 etc. SPhrases S1 2 , S9 , S16 , S26 , S36 37 39 , S45 , S61 etc. Isopropyl methoxy pyrazine IPMP is a methoxypyrazine , a class of chemical compounds that produce odors. The odor is rather undesirable and is produced by the Asian lady beetle or by the actinomycete Streptomyces sp . ref Three highly odorous metabolites from an actinomycete 2 Isopropyl 3 methoxy pyrazine, methylisoborneol, and geosmin. Nancy N. Gerber, Journal of chemical ecology, Volume 3, Number 4, pp. 475 482, doi 10.1007 BF00988190 ref Presence in wine grapes The odor of IPMP tends to be undesirable in the case of certain wines. ref name regional http www.regional.org.au au roc 1991food p 13.htm Trace flavour components of grapes ref Cabernet Sauvignon have high levels of methoxypyrazines. ref winepros.com.au Oxford Companion to Wine http www.winepros.com.au jsp cda reference oxford entry.jsp?entry id 2000 methoxypyrazines ref ref name Clarke pg 223 Oz Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 223 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0 15 100714 4 ref Two methoxypyrazine compounds, 3 isobutyl 2 methoxypyrazine IBMP and 3 isopropyl 2 methoxypyrazine, are considered to be important determinants of green flavours in Sauvignon blanc wines. ref Marais, J., Hunter, J.J. ... more details
The molecular formula C sub 4 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 2 sub may refer to Pyrazine Pyridazine Pyrimidine Succinonitrile MolFormDisambig fr C4H4N2 ... more details
IPMP may refer to IP network multipathing , a facility provided by Solaris to provide fault tolerance and load spreading for network interface cards Thymol , a chemical compound also known as 2 isopropyl 5 methylphenol Isopropyl methoxy pyrazine , an aroma compound produced by the Asian lady beetle Multipath I O , the redundant IO technology MPEG 4 , the Intellectual Property Management and Protection disambiguation ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Leopold R gheimer May 5, 1850 May 24, 1917 was a notable Germany German chemist whose name is connected to the Staedel Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis , a reaction that was discovered by himself and Wilhelm Staedel . R gheimer was born in Walldorf near Meiningen in 1850 as the son of a merchant. He studied at the universities of Leipzig , W rzburg and T bingen . He died in Kiel in 1917 after a successful academic career. Career R gheimer s professional career class wikitable style text align center width 10 1873 Doctorate Promotion at the University of T bingen style text align center width 10 1875 Assistant at the Chemical Institute of Leiden University style text align center width 10 1877 Assistant at the Chemical Institute of the University of Kiel style text align center width 10 1889 Position as Professor Professor ordinarius or physical and pharmaceutical chemistry at the university of Kiel Scientific contributions Published an article together with Wilhelm Staedel concerning the Chemical synthesis synthesis of pyrazine s by reacting haloketones with ammonia . This procedure is now known as the Staedel Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis . First synthesis of tropic acid in 1880, together with Albert Ladenburg . First synthesis of piperine 1882 . See also Staedel Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis References W P tsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989 ISBN 3 323 00185 E von Lippmann. Zeittafeln zur Geschichte der organischen Chemie Julius Springer, 1921 A J Humphrey, D O Hagan. Tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. A century old problem unresolved. Nat. Prod. Rep. 18 2001 494 502 DOI 10.1039 b001713m DEFAULTSORT Rugheimer, Leopold Category 1850 births Category 1917 deaths Category German chemists ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Ethylenediamine pyrocatechol EDP , also known as ethylenediamine pyrocatechol water EPW , is an anisotropic etchant solution for silicon . A typical formulation consists of ethylenediamine , pyrocatechol , pyrazine and water. It is carcinogenic and very corrosive. It is mainly used in research labs, and is not used in mainstream semiconductor fabrication processes. References http www.ee.washington.edu research microtech cam PROCESSES PDF 20FILES WetEtching.pdf Microfabrication Wet Etching , University of Washington, College of Engineering Category Organic compounds organic chem stub engineering stub ... more details
Distinguish Diazene Unreferenced date December 2009 Diazine refers to a group of organic compound s having the molecular formula C sub 4 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 2 sub . Each contains a benzene ring in which two of the C H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogen. There are three isomer s pyrazine 1,4 diazine image pyrazine simple structure.svg pyrimidine 1,3 diazine image Pyrimidin.svg pyridazine 1,2 diazine image pyridazine simple structure.svg See also 6 membered rings with one nitrogen atom pyridine s 6 membered rings with three nitrogen atoms triazine s 6 membered rings with four nitrogen atoms tetrazine s 6 membered rings with six nitrogen atoms hexazine s Category Diazines de Diazine es Diazina fr Diazine it Diazine nl Diazine ja pt Diazina ru sv Diazin zh ... more details
Image IPMP.png thumb right Chemical structure of isopropyl methoxy pyrazine IPMP Methoxypyrazines are a class of chemical compounds that produce odors. The odors tend to be undesirable, as in the case of certain wines, ref name regional http www.regional.org.au au roc 1991food p 13.htm Trace flavour components of grapes ref or as in the case of the Asian Lady Beetle which produces isopropyl methoxy pyrazine IPMP . They have also been identified as List of additives in cigarettes additives in cigarette manufacture . Detection thresholds are very low, typically near 2 parts per trillion 1 ng L . ref name regional Examples of methoxypyrazines in wine grapes Cabernet Sauvignon have high levels of methoxypyrazines. ref winepros.com.au Oxford Companion to Wine http www.winepros.com.au jsp cda reference oxford entry.jsp?entry id 2000 methoxypyrazines ref ref name Clarke pg 223 Oz Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 223 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0 15 100714 4 ref Two methoxypyrazine compounds, 3 isobutyl 2 methoxypyrazine IBMP and 3 isopropyl 2 methoxypyrazine IPMP , are considered to be important determinants of green flavours in Sauvignon blanc wines. ref Marais, J., Hunter, J.J., & Haasbroek, P.D. 1999 . Effect of microclimate, season and region on Sauvignon blanc grape composition and wine quality. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 20, 19 30. ref See also Alkylpyrazine s References reflist Category Wine chemistry Category Pyrazines Category Ethers ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 444074048 ImageFile Pteridin Pteridine.svg ImageSize 160px ImageName Skeletal formula of pteridine ImageFile1 Pteridine 3D balls.png ImageName1 Ball and stick model IUPACName pteridine OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 91 18 9 PubChem 1043 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 6EZF26XQ81 SMILES C1 CN C2C N1 C NC N2 MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 4 sub MolarMass 132.123 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Pteridine is a chemical compound composed of fused pyrimidine and pyrazine rings. A pteridine is also a group of heterocyclic compounds containing a wide variety of substitutions on this structure. Pterin s and Flavin group flavin s are classes of substituted pteridines that have important biological activity. See also Pterin Flavin group References Voet, D. Voet, J.G. 2004 . Biochemistry 3rd ed. . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0 471 39223 5 External links Category Pteridines heterocyclic stub de Pteridin es Pteridina eo Pteridino fr Pt ridine it Pteridina hu Pteridin nl Pteridine ja pt Pteridina ru sr Pteridin zh ... more details
Image Dimethylpyrazine.png thumb right 100px 2,3 Dimethylpyrazine, a component of the aroma of roasted sesame seeds Alkylpyrazines are chemical compounds based on pyrazine with different substitution patterns. Some alkylpyrazines are naturally occurring highly aromatic substances which often have a very low odor threshold ref cite journal author Susan M. Fors and Bertil K. Olofsson year 1985 title Alkylpyrazines, volatiles formed in the Maillard reaction. I. Determination of odour detection thresholds and odour intensity functions by dynamic olfactometry journal Chemical Senses volume 10 pages 287 296 url http chemse.oxfordjournals.org cgi content abstract 10 3 287 doi 10.1093 chemse 10.3.287 issue 3 ref and contribute to the taste and aroma of various foods including coffee and wines. ref cite journal author Mihara, Satoru Masuda, Hideki year 1988 title Structure odor relationships for disubstituted pyrazines journal Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry volume 36 issue 6 pages 1242 7 doi 10.1021 jf00084a029 ref Alkylpyrazines are also formed during the cooking of some foods via Maillard reaction s. See also Aroma compound Methoxypyrazines References reflist heterocyclic stub Category Pyrazines de Alkylpyrazine eo Alkilpiracinoj ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 chembox verifiedrevid 406078417 ImageFile Coelenteramine.svg ImageSize 220px IUPACName 4 5 amino 6 benzyl 1H pyrazin 2 ylidene cyclohexa 2,5 dien 1 one OtherNames Coelenteramine, 2 Amino 3 benzyl 5 p hydroxyphenyl pyrazine Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo PubChem 5378034 SMILES C1 CC C C C1 CC2 C N CC C3C CC O C C3 N2 N Section2 Chembox Properties C 17 H 15 N 3 O 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Coelenteramine is a metabolic product of the bioluminescence bioluminescent reactions in organisms that utilize coelenterazine . It was first isolated from Aequorea victoria along with coelenteramide after coelenterate s were stimulated to emit light. ref cite journal doi 10.1073 pnas.72.4.1546 author Shimomura O, Johnson FH title Chemical Nature of Bioluminescence Systems in Coelenterates journal Pnas USA volume 72 pages 1546 1549 year 1975 pmid 236561 issue 4 pmc 432574 ref References reflist Category Bioluminescence Category Aminopyrazines Category Phenols heterocyclic stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 border 0 cellpadding 5 cellspacing 0 style margin 1em float right class wikitable colspan 3 Basic aromatic ring systems align center valign bottom Image Pyridine structure.png 67px br Pyridine Image Quinoline structure.png 119px br Quinoline Image Isoquinoline structure.png 126px br Isoquinoline align center valign bottom Image Acridine structure.png 171px br Acridine align center valign bottom Image Pyrazine structure.png 67px br Pyrazine Image Quinoxaline structure.png 119px br Quinoxaline align center valign bottom Image Imidazole structure.png 63px br Imidazole Image Benzimidazole structure.png 113px br Benzimidazole Image Purine structure.png 113px br Purine align center valign bottom Image Pyrazole structure.png 70px br Pyrazole Image Indazole structure.png 120px br Indazole align center valign bottom Image Pyrimidine structure.png 74px br Pyrimidine Image Quinazoline structure.png 126px br Quinazoline align center valign bottom Image Pyridazine structure.png 74px br Pyridazine Image Cinnoline structure.png 126px br Cinnoline Basic aromatic rings are simple aromatic ring aromatic rings in which the lone pair of electron s of a ring nitrogen atom is not part of the aromatic system and extends in the plane of the ring. This lone pair is responsible for the Base chemistry basicity of these nitrogenous base s, similar to the nitrogen atom in amine s. In these compounds the nitrogen atom is not connected to a hydrogen atom. Basic aromatic compounds get Protonation protonated and form aromatic cation s e.g. pyridinium under acid ic conditions. Typical examples of basic aromatic rings are pyridine or quinoline . Several rings contain basic as well as non basic nitrogen atoms, e.g. imidazole and purine . In non basic aromatic rings the lone pair of electron s of the nitrogen atom is delocalized and contributes to the aromatic pi electron system. In these compounds the nitrogen atom is connected to a hydrogen at ... more details
Image QMCatHome.png right thumb 100px QMC Home logo NOTOC QMC Home is a distributed computing project for the BOINC client aimed at further developing and testing Quantum Monte Carlo QMC for use in quantum chemistry . It is hosted by the University of M nster with participation by the Cavendish Laboratory . QMC Home allows volunteers from around the world to donate idle computer cycles to help calculate molecular geometry using Diffusion Monte Carlo . The project is developing a new application using density functional theory . The project began its Development stage Beta Beta testing on 23 May 2006. As of 2010 02 , QMC Home has about 7,500 active participants from 102 countries, contributing about 5 FLOPS teraFLOPS of computation power. ref citation url http boincstats.com stats project graph.php?pr qmc title Detailed user, host, team and country statistics with graphs for BOINC accessdate 2010 02 13 format work boincstats.com ref Workunits In order to get results from home computers the work is split into workunits . The time it takes to complete a workunit depends on the size of the calculated system and the speed of the user s computer. The target time is between 4 and 48 hours on a 2.4 Hertz GHz system. File QMC at home screensaver.jpg thumb QMC home screensaver This is a list of molecules recently tested 1a Ammonia 1 Ammonia dimer 2a Water 2 Water dimer 3a Formic acid 3 Formic acid dimer 4a Formamide 4 Formamide dimer 5a Uracil 5 Uracil dimer 6a 2 pyridoxine 6b 2 aminopyridine 6 2 pyridoxine 2 aminopyridine 7a Adenine 7b Thymine 7 Adenine thymine WC 8a Methane 8 Methane dimer 9a Ethene 9 Ethene dimer 10 Benzene methane 11a Benzene 11 Benzene dimer 12a Pyrazine 12 Pyrazine dimer 13 Uracil dimer 14a Indole 14 Indole benzene 15 Adenine thymine stack 16b Ethyne 16 Ethene ethyne 17 Benzene water 18 Benzene ammonia 19b Hydrogen cyanide 19 Benzene hydrogen cyanide 20 Benzene dimer 21 Indole benzene 22a Phenol 22 Phenol dimer For a list of current workunits, visit the ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 451224368 IUPAC name 2 3 Chlorophenyl methoxy 6 1 piperazinyl pyrazine image CP 809,101 structure.png width 220 Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU pregnancy US pregnancy category legal AU legal CA legal UK legal US legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 479683 64 2 ATC prefix None ATC suffix PubChem Chemical data C 15 H 17 Cl 1 N 4 O 1 molecular weight 304.774 g mol smiles C2CNCCN2c n3 cncc3OCc c1 cccc1Cl melting point melting high CP 809,101 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective 5 HT2C receptor 5 HT sub 2C sub Receptor biochemistry receptor agonist . ref name pmid19037632 cite journal author Strong PV, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M title The effects of the selective 5 HT 2C receptor antagonist SB 242084 on learned helplessness in male Fischer 344 rats journal Psychopharmacology volume 203 issue 4 pages 665 75 year 2009 month May pmid 19037632 doi 10.1007 s00213 008 1413 3 url ref It had promising results in animal models of obesity and psychosis, but associated with genotoxicity which means that future use will be restricted to scientific research applications only. ref name pmid16949622 cite journal author Siuciak JA, Chapin DS, McCarthy SA, Guanowsky V, Brown J, Chiang P, Marala R, Patterson T, Seymour PA, Swick A, Iredale PA title CP 809,101, a selective 5 HT2C agonist, shows activity in animal models of antipsychotic activity journal Neuropharmacology volume 52 issue 2 pages 279 90 year 2007 month February pmid 16949622 doi 10.1016 j.neuropharm.2006.07.024 url ref ref name pmid17344339 cite journal author Kalgutkar AS, Dalvie DK, Aubrecht J, Smith EB, Coffing SL, Cheung JR, Vage C, Lame ME, Chiang P, McClure KF, Maurer TS, Coelho RV, Soliman VF, Schildknegt K title Genotoxicity of 2 3 chlorobenzyloxy 6 piperazinyl pyrazine, a novel 5 hydroxytryptamine2c receptor agonist for the treatment ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 448571173 ImageFile HHTDD structure.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2,6 dioxo 1,3,4,5,7,8 hexanitrodecahydro 1H,5H diimidazo 4,5 b 4 ,5 e pyrazine OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo PubChem SMILES O C2N N O O C3C N2 N O O N N O O C1C N3 N O O N N O O C O N1 N O O ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 23078717 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H4N12O14 c19 5 9 15 25 26 1 2 10 5 16 27 28 8 14 23 24 4 3 7 1 13 21 22 11 17 29 30 6 20 12 4 18 31 32 h1 4H InChI 1 C6H4N12O14 c19 5 9 15 25 26 1 2 10 5 16 27 28 8 14 23 24 4 3 7 1 13 21 22 11 17 29 30 6 20 12 4 18 31 32 h1 4H InChIKey ZFBXJPJQJKATGM UHFFFAOYAE StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZFBXJPJQJKATGM UHFFFAOYSA N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 12 sub O sub 14 sub MolarMass 468.168 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Section6 Chembox Explosive ShockSens FrictionSens ExplosiveV 9700 m s HHTDD is a powerful but moisture sensitive explosive compound. It is essentially an open analogue of the cyclic nitroamine cage compounds such as CL 20 . While it is highly explosive, with a velocity of detonation even higher than that of CL 20, HHTDD readily decomposes in the presence of even trace amounts of water, making it unsuitable for any practical applications. ref cite journal doi 10.1021 jo00010a043 title Facile synthesis and nitration of cis syn cis 2,6 dioxodecahydro 1H,5H diimidazo 4,5 b 4 ,5 e pyrazine year 1991 last1 Vedachalam first1 Murugappa last2 Ramakrishnan first2 Vayalakkavoor T. last3 Boyer first3 Joseph H. last4 Dagley first4 Ian J. last5 Nelson first5 Keith A. last6 Adolph first6 Horst G. last7 Gilardi first7 Richard last8 George first8 Clifford last9 Flippen Anderson first9 Judith L. journal The Journal of Organic Chemistry volume 56 issue 10 pages 3413 3419 ref See also 2 ... more details
Series &mu pyrazine decaamminediruthenium NH sub 3 sub sub 5 sub Ru Pyz Ru NH sub 3 sub sub 5 ... sub 5 sub sup . sup 3H sub 2 sub O . It is prepared in two steps from the monoruthenium pyrazine complex ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 464376879 ImageFileL1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFileL1 Pyridazine numbering.png ImageSizeL1 75px ImageFileR1 Pyridazine3d.png ImageSizeR1 100px IUPACName Pyridazine OtherNames 1,2 diazine, orthodiazine, oizine Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8902 InChI 1 C4H4N2 c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 4H InChIKey PBMFSQRYOILNGV UHFFFAOYAA ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 15719 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H4N2 c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 4H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey PBMFSQRYOILNGV UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 289 80 5 PubChem 9259 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 30954 SMILES c1ccnnc1 RTECS GY2390000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C 4 H 4 N 2 MolarMass 80.09 g mol Appearance colorless liquid Density 1.107 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPtC 8 BoilingPtC 208 Solubility pKa 2.10 ref Brown, H.C., et al., in Baude, E.A. and Nachod, F.C., Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods , Academic Press, New York, 1955. ref pKb Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Section8 Chembox Related OtherCpds pyridine , pyrimidine , pyrazine Pyridazine is a heteroaromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C sub 4 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 2 sub , sometimes called 1,2 diazine . It contains a six membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms. It is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 208 C. Pyridazine has no household use. It is mainly used in research and industry as building block for more complex compounds. The pyridazine structure is found within a number of herbicides such as credazine , pyridafol and pyridate . It is also found within the structure of several pharmaceutical drugs such as cefozopran , cadralazine , minaprine , pipofezine , hydralazine , and cilazapril . References references Category Pyridazines de Pyridazin es Piridazina fr Pyridazine nl Pyridazine ja pt Piridazina sv Pyri ... more details
is also demonstrated in certain pyrazine dihydropyrazine pairs Image AromaticAntiaromaticConversion.png ... slowly converts back to the pyrazine under the action of oxygen . It shows that other ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 464378875 ImageFile Quinoxaline numbering.png ImageSize 150px ImageName Skeletal formula of quinoxaline ImageFile1 Quinoxaline 3D balls.png ImageSize1 175px ImageName1 Ball and stick model IUPACName Quinoxaline OtherNames Benzo a pyrazine, Benzopyrazine, Benzoparadiazine, 1,4 Benzodiazine, Phenopiazine, Phenpiazine, Quinazine, Chinoxalin Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C8H6N2 c1 2 4 8 7 3 1 9 5 6 10 8 h1 6H InChIKey XSCHRSMBECNVNS UHFFFAOYAS ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 39444 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C8H6N2 c1 2 4 8 7 3 1 9 5 6 10 8 h1 6H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey XSCHRSMBECNVNS UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 91 19 0 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 21106470 PubChem 7045 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 36616 SMILES c1cccc2nccnc12 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C18575 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 8 sub H sub 6 sub N sub 2 sub MolarMass 130.15 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt pKa 0.60 ref Brown, H.C., et al., in Baude, E.A. and Nachod, F.C., Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods , Academic Press, New York, 1955. ref BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition A quinoxaline , also called a benzopyrazine , in organic chemistry , is a heterocyclic compound containing a ring complex made up of a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. It is isomer ic with quinazoline , phthalazine and cinnoline . Quinoxalines are used as dyes, pharmaceuticals and antibiotics such as echinomycin , levomycin and actinoleutin . Some studies were carried out in order to explore the antitumoral properties of quinoxaline compounds ref Heterocyclic quinones.2.Quinoxaline 5,6 and 5 8 diones Potential antitumoral agents. Jean Renault, Michel Baron, Patrick Mailliet & al., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 16, 6, 545 550, 1981 ref Recently, quinoxalie and its analogues have been investigated as ... more details
chembox UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII Z26P56GFTV verifiedrevid 437206457 ImageFile Ranirestat stereo.png ImageSize IUPACName 3 R 2 4 bromo 2 fluorobenzyl 1 nowiki nowiki H ,2 H ,5 H spiro pyrrolidine 3,4 pyrrolo 1,2 a pyrazine 1 ,2,3 ,5 2 nowiki nowiki H tetrone OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 147254 64 6 PubChem 153948 SMILES C1C O NC O C12C O N C O C3 CC CN23 CC4 C C C C C4 Br F Section2 Chembox Properties C 17 H 11 Br 1 F 1 N 3 O 4 MolarMass 420.189 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Ranirestat AS 3201 is an aldose reductase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and PharmaKyorin . It has been granted orphan drug status. The drug is to be used orally. Trials A Canadian Phase III clinical trial has been completed. Phase III trials in Europe and the US started in in June 2009 and are expected to complete in April 2013. Mechanism of action Ranirestat is aldose reductase inhibitor that acts by reducing sorbitol accumulation in cells. Aldose reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes one of the steps in sorbitol polyol pathway which is responsible for formation of fructose from glucose. Aldose reductase activity is increased, parallel to glucose blood levels, in tissues that are not insulin sensitive, including lenses, peripheral nerves and renal glomeruli. Sorbitol does not diffuse through cell membranes easily and therefore accumulates in these tissues, causing osmotic damage, leading to retinopathy and neuropathy. Efficacy Results from a Canadian double blind, placebo controlled biopsy Phase III clinical trial, involving total of 549 patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy DSP randomly assigned to treatment with placebo or 10, 20, or 40 mg day ranirestat for 52 weeks, showed that ranirestat appears to have effect on motor nerve function in mild to moderate DSP, but failed to show statistically significant differen ... more details
of sodium and ethylene glycol on ethylene diamine hydrochloride , or by reduction of pyrazine ... moiety via a side chain . See also Pyridine Pyrazine Piperidine References reflist Cite EB1911 W1EC ... more details
Refimprove date July 2008 chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 464376111 ImageFile Pterin Pterin.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 aminopteridin 4 3 H one br one of five tautomers OtherNames Pteridoxamine br Pterine br 4 Oxopterin br 2 Amino 4 pteridone br 2 Amino 4 hydroxypteridine br 2 Amino 4 oxopteridine br 2 aminopteridin 4 ol br 2 Amino 4 pteridinol Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 65806 InChI 1 C6H5N5O c7 6 10 4 3 5 12 11 6 8 1 2 9 4 h1 2H, H3,7,9,10,11,12 InChIKey HNXQXTQTPAJEJL UHFFFAOYAD ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 278009 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H5N5O c7 6 10 4 3 5 12 11 6 8 1 2 9 4 h1 2H, H3,7,9,10,11,12 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HNXQXTQTPAJEJL UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 2236 60 4 PubChem 73000 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 44992 SMILES O C2 N C Nc1nccnc12 N Section2 Chembox Properties C 6 H 5 N 5 O 1 MolarMass 163.137 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Pterin is a heterocycle heterocyclic compound composed of a pteridine ring system, with a keto group and an amino group on positions 4 and 2 respectively. Several tautomer s of pterin exist and are shown below. Derivatives of pterin include pterins and folate s. Pterins , as a group, are compounds that are derivatives of the basic pterin structure, described in the beginning, with additional functional groups attached to the pyrazine subring. Pterins were first discovered in the pigments of butterfly wings hence the origin of their name, from the Greek pteron , ref LSJ ptero n ref ref wing and perform many roles in coloration in the biological world. Pterins also function as cofactor biochemistry cofactor s in enzyme catalysis . Folates are conjugated pterins that contain para Aminobenzoic acid p aminobenzoic acid and small L small glutamate s connecte ... more details
Chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 414056174 ImageFile Hexazine.svg ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize 244 ImageName Kekul and aromatic, skeletal formulae of hexazine ImageFile2 Hexazine3.png ImageFile2 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize2 244 ImageName2 Ball and stick, and spacefill models of hexazine SystematicName Hexazine ref Cite web url http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 11966278&loc ec rcs title Hexazine PubChem Public Chemical Database work The PubChem Project location USA publisher National Center for Biotechnology Information ref OtherNames Hexaazabenzene Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 7616 35 5 PubChem 11966278 PubChem Ref PubChem correct pubchem ChemSpiderID 10140271 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChEBI Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEBI 36869 Gmelin 1819 SMILES n1nnnnn1 SMILES1 N1 NN NN N1 StdInChI 1S N6 c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite changed chemspider StdInChIKey YRBKSJIXFZPPGF UHFFFAOYSA N StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite changed chemspider Section2 Chembox Properties N 6 ExactMass 84.018444030 g mol sup 1 sup Hexazine also known as hexaazabenzene is a hypothetical allotrope of nitrogen composed of 6 nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring like structure analogous to that of benzene . It would be the final member of the azabenzene azine series, having all of the methylidyne groups of the benzene molecule replaced with nitrogen atoms. The two last members of this series, hexazine and pentazine, have not been observed, although all other members of the azine series have such as pyridine , pyrimidine , pyridazine , pyrazine , 1,3,5 triazine and tetrazine . Stability The hexazine molecule bears a structural similarity to the very stable benzene molecule. Like benzene, it has been calculated that hexazine is likely an aromatic molecule. Despite this, it has yet to be synthesized. In fact, it has been predicted computationally that the hexazin ... more details
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