File Allethrin 2D.svg thumb 300px Allethrin File Permethrin 2D skeletal.png thumb 300px Permethrin A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the natural pyrethrin s produced by the flowers of pyrethrum s Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum . Pyrethroids now constitute the majority of commercial household insecticide s. ref name Ullmann Robert L. Metcalf Insect Control in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2002. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a14 263 ref In the concentrations used in such products, they may also have insect repellent properties and are generally harmless to human beings in low doses but can harm sensitive individuals. ref http www.idph.state.il.us envhealth factsheets pyrethroid.htm Pyrethroids fact sheet from the Illinois Department of Public Health. ref They are usually Chemical decomposition broken apart by sunlight and the atmosphere in one or two days, and do not significantly affect groundwater quality. ref cite web title Permethrin, Resmethrin, Sumithrin Synthetic Pyrethroids For Mosquito Control date April 17, 2002 publisher United States Environmental Protection Agency url http www.epa.gov pesticides health mosquitoes pyrethroids4mosquitoes.htm accessdate 2008 04 04 ref Pyrethroids are however toxic to aquatic organisms ... enzyme s. Piperonyl butoxide prevents the insect s enzymes from clearing the pyrethroid from its body, maximizing the lethality of the pyrethroid. Development Pyrethroids were introduced in the late .... Types Allethrin , the first pyrethroid synthesized active ingredient of Raid insecticide ... title Urban and Agricultural Sources of Pyrethroid Insecticides to the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta ... go full.html Environmental Health Perspectives Journal Estrogenic Potential of Certain Pyrethroid Compounds... Insecticides Category Pyrethroids Category Household chemicals ca Piretroide cs Pyrethroid da Pyrethroid de Pyrethroide es Piretroide fr Pyr thrino de it Piretroidi nl Pyrethro de ja ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 24 sub H sub 25 sub NO sub 3 sub The molecular formula C sub 24 sub H sub 25 sub NO sub 3 sub may refer to Benzylmorphine , an opioid analgesic Cyphenothrin , a pyrethroid insecicide MolFormDisambig ... more details
Image Allethrin 2D.svg thumb right 300px Allethrin I R CH sub 3 sub br Allethrin II R COO sub CH sub 3 sub The allethrins are a pair of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides . They are synthetic pyrethroid s, a synthetic form of a chemical found naturally in the chrysanthemum flower. They were first synthesized in the United States by Milton S. Schechter in 1949. Allethrin was the first pyrethroid. The compounds have low toxicity for humans and birds, and are used in many household insecticide s such as Raid insecticide RAID as well as mosquito coil s. They are however highly toxic to fish and bees. Insects subject to its exposure become paralyzed nervous system effect before dying. They are also used as an ultra low volume spray for outdoor mosquito control. Stereochemistry Each allethrin consists of the eight possible stereoisomers . A partly stereoselective variant of allethrin I, consisting of only two stereoisomers, is called bioallethrin . References reflist Oregon State University 1996 . http extoxnet.orst.edu pips allethri.htm Allethrin . Retrieved October 26, 2005. Illinois Department of Public Health http www.idph.state.il.us envhealth factsheets pyrethroid.htm Pyrethroid Insecticides Fact Sheet . Retrieved October 26, 2005. World Health Organization WHO http www.who.int entity whopes quality en dAllethrin spec eval March 04.pdf d Allethrin . Retrieved October 26, 2005. External links http npic.orst.edu factsheets pyrethrins.pdf Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids Fact Sheet National Pesticide Information Center http extoxnet.orst.edu pips allethri.htm Allethrin Pesticide Information Profile Extension Toxicology Network insecticides Category Pyrethroids Category Endocrine disruptors Category Ketones ca Aletrina cs Allethrin de Allethrine es Aletrina nl Allethrine ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 400126050 Reference ref http www.sigmaaldrich.com catalog ProductDetail.do?N4 36139 FLUKA&N5 SEARCH CONCAT PNO BRAND KEY&F SPEC Kadethrin at Sigma Aldrich ref ImageFile Kadethrin.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 5 benzyl 3 furylmethyl 1 R ,3 S br 3& 8209 E & 8209 4,5& 8209 dihydro& 8209 2& 8209 oxo& 8209 2 H & 8209 thiophen& 8209 3& 8209 ylidene methyl br 2,2 dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C23H24O4S c1 23 2 19 12 17 8 9 28 22 17 25 20 23 21 24 27 14 16 11 18 26 13 16 10 15 6 4 3 5 7 15 h3 7,11 13,19 20H,8 10,14H2,1 2H3 b17 12 t19 ,20 m0 s1 InChIKey UGWALRUNBSBTGI ZKMZRDRYBN StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C23H24O4S c1 23 2 19 12 17 8 9 28 22 17 25 20 23 21 24 27 14 16 11 18 26 13 16 10 15 6 4 3 5 7 15 h3 7,11 13,19 20H,8 10,14H2,1 2H3 b17 12 t19 ,20 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey UGWALRUNBSBTGI ZKMZRDRYSA N CASNo 58769 20 3 PubChem 12940701 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 20142266 SMILES O C OCc2cc Cc1ccccc1 oc2 C H 4 C H C C3 CCSC3 O C4 C C RTECS GZ1266550 EINECS 261 433 0 Section2 Chembox Properties C 23 H 24 O 4 S 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards Xn, N FlashPt 100 C Autoignition RPhrases R20 21 22 R50 53 SPhrases S13 S60 S61 Kadethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid with the chemical formula C sub 23 sub H sub 24 sub O sub 4 sub S which is used as an insecticide . It is the most potent knockdown pyrethroid even stronger than pyrethrin II but it is relatively unstable, especially when exposed to Photochemistry light due to both the furan ring and the thiolactone group in the molecule . ref name nih http ehp.niehs.nih.gov members 1980 034 34019.PDF John E. Casida Pyrethrum Flowers and Pyrethroid Insecticides ref References references insecticides ester stub Category Pyrethroids Category Insecticides Category Furans Category Carboxylate e ... more details
Density 1.5 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPtC 98 BoilingPtC 300 Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide ... deltamethrin.htm title Deltamethrin Odorless Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides publisher PestProducts.com ... synthetic pyrethroid s. This pesticide is highly toxic to aquatic life, particularly fish, and therefore ... B. Sereda and H.M. Meinhardt date December 2006 title Simultaneous presence of DDT and pyrethroid ... of a battery of pyrethroid insecticides in control of malarial vectors, particularly Anopheles gambiae , and whilst being the most employed pyrethroid insecticide, can be used in conjunction with, or as an alternative ... , skin crawling, etc. There are no reports indicating that chronic intoxication from pyrethroid ..., et al title Motor neuron disorder simulating ALS induced by chronic inhalation of pyrethroid insecticides ... ALS induced by chronic inhalation of pyrethroid insecticides journal Neurology doi 10.1212 01.wnl.0000244489.65670.9f ... 2006 title Simultaneous presence of DDT and pyrethroid residues in human breast milk from a malaria ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 448824728 ImageFile Tefluthrin.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 1 S ,3 S 2,3,5,6 Tetrafluoro 4 methylbenzyl 3 Z 2 chloro 3,3,3 trifluoroprop 1 en 1 yl 2,2 dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 79538 32 2 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 79538 32 2 PubChem 11534837 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 9709620 SMILES Cl C C C H 2 C H C O OCc1c F c F c c F c1F C C2 C C C F F F InChI 1 C17H14ClF7O2 c1 6 11 19 13 21 7 14 22 12 6 20 5 27 15 26 10 8 16 10,2 3 4 9 18 17 23,24 25 h4,8,10H,5H2,1 3H3 b9 4 t8 ,10 m1 s1 InChIKey ZFHGXWPMULPQSE SZGBIDFHBO StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C17H14ClF7O2 c1 6 11 19 13 21 7 14 22 12 6 20 5 27 15 26 10 8 16 10,2 3 4 9 18 17 23,24 25 h4,8,10H,5H2,1 3H3 b9 4 t8 ,10 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZFHGXWPMULPQSE SZGBIDFHSA N Section2 Chembox Properties C 17 H 14 Cl 1 F 7 O 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide . It was designed to be effective against soil pests. ref cite journal author McDonald, E. Punja, N. Jutsum, A. R. title Rationale in the invention and optimization of tefluthrin, a pyrethroid for use in soil journal British Crop Protection Conference Pests and Diseases, Proceedings year 1986 issue 1 pages 199 206 ref References reflist insecticides organic compound stub Category pyrethroids Category organofluorides fa ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Orphan date February 2009 The Vigilante bolus is an insecticide used with both dairy and beef cattle to reduce the number of flies in an area. It works by releasing an IGR Insect Growth Regulator that stops the development of insects before they become flies. Essentially preventing them from reproducing. The bolus, when used with an insecticidal ear tag, devastates the populations of Haematobia irritans horn , Stable fly barn and Musca autumnalis face flies . Contains 9.7 Diflubenzuron in a 50 gm bolus for 150 day control of horn and face flies including organophosphate and pyrethroid resistant flies. Also aids in the control of house and stable flies on beef and dairy cattle. Each bolus contains 4.75 gm of the active ingredient and can be administered with the standard balling gun not included see item JI B2 or J3 BB . Dosage 1 2 bolus for 300 550 lb, 1 bolus for 550 lb or more. A single bolus will provide up to 150 days of control against Horn Flies and Face Flies. Category Insecticide brands ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Anopheles culicifacies regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Fly Diptera familia Mosquito Culicidae genus Anopheles species A. culicifacies binomial Anopheles culicifacies binomial authority George Michael James Giles Giles , 1901 Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato is one of the major vector epidemiology vectors of malaria on the Indian subcontinent . It has been reported to be a species complex consisting of five sibling species which have been provisionally designated as species A, B, C, D and E. It prefers to rest indoors in cattle sheds, where it feeds on cattle. The control of A. culicifacies has become a formidable task due to development of pesticide resistance insecticide resistance against all commonly used insecticide s including new generation insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroid s. it has a Culex like sitting posture. http www.wrbu.org SpeciesPages ANO ANO A hab ANcul hab.html Information, picture, references Category Insect vectors of human pathogens Category Animals described in 1901 Category Anopheles fly stub sv Anopheles culicifacies vi Anopheles culicifacies ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 448823374 ImageFile Metofluthrin.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2,3,5,6 Tetrafluoro 4 methoxymethyl benzyl 2,2 dimethyl 3 prop 1 en 1 yl cyclopropanecarboxylate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 240494 70 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? PubChem 656636 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 570989 SMILES Fc1c F c c F c F c1COC O C2C C CC C2 C C COC StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C18H20F4O3 c1 5 6 11 12 18 11,2 3 17 23 25 8 10 15 21 13 19 9 7 24 4 14 20 16 10 22 h5 6,11 12H,7 8H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey KVIZNNVXXNFLMU UHFFFAOYSA N InChI 1 C18H20F4O3 c1 5 6 11 12 18 11,2 3 17 23 25 8 10 15 21 13 19 9 7 24 4 14 20 16 10 22 h5 6,11 12H,7 8H2,1 4H3 InChIKey KVIZNNVXXNFLMU UHFFFAOYAX Section2 Chembox Properties C 18 H 20 F 4 O 3 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Metofluthrin is a pyrethroid used as an insect repellent . ref Cite journal author Metofluthrin novel pyrethroid insecticide and innovative mosquito control agent journal Pesticide Chemistry year 2007 pages 149 158 doi 10.1002 9783527611249.ch16 title Metofluthrin Novel Pyrethroid Insecticide and Innovative Mosquito Control Agent isbn 9783527611249 ref The vapors of metofluthrin are highly effective and capable of repelling up 97 of mosquitoes in field tests. ref Cite journal pmid 17536367 year 2007 last1 Lucas first1 JR last2 Shono first2 Y last3 Iwasaki first3 T last4 Ishiwatari first4 T last5 Spero first5 N last6 Benzon first6 G title U.S. Laboratory and field trials of metofluthrin SumiOne emanators for reducing mosquito biting outdoors volume 23 issue 1 pages 47 54 journal Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association ref Metofluthrin is used in a variety of consumer products, called emanators, for indoor and outdoor use. ref http www.cdpr.ca.gov docs registration ais publicreports 5943.pdf Active Ingredient ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE N Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide chembox Name N Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide verifiedrevid 432140479 ImageFile MGK 264.png ImageSize IUPACName 4 2 Ethyl hexyl 4 aza tricyclo 5.2.1.0 sup 2,6 sup dec 8 ene 3,5 dione OtherNames MGK 264 br Pyrodone Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite CASNo 113 48 4 PubChem 8227 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C18795 SMILES O C N3CC CC CCCC C1C C3 O C2C CC1C2 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 17 sub H sub 25 sub NO sub 2 sub MolarMass 275.386 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition N Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide MGK 264 ref http hpd.nlm.nih.gov cgi bin household brands?tbl chem&id 638 Household Products Database , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, hhs.gov ref is an ingredient in some common pesticides . It has no intrinsic pesticidal activity itself, but rather is a Synergy Toxicological synergy synergist enhancing the potency of pyrethroid ingredients. It is used in a variety of household and veterinary products. References reflist External links http www.epa.gov fedrgstr EPA PEST 2006 July Day 26 p11715.htm US EPA DEFAULTSORT Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, N Category Insecticides Category Imides Category Alkenes heterocyclic stub fa ... more details
Multiple issues primarysources June 2007 refimprove November 2010 Image Raid ant.jpg thumb 180px A frame from a US animated TV commercial for Raid Outdoor Ant Spikes Raid is the brand name of a line of insecticide s produced by SC Johnson , first launched in 1956. The initial active ingredient was the first synthetic pyrethroid , allethrin . Raid derivatives aimed at particular invertebrate species can contain other active agents such as the more toxic cyfluthrin , another synthetic pyrethroid. Currently Raid uses Permethrin , Tetramethrin , Cypermethrin and Imiprothrin to kill insects. Effectiveness American cockroach German cockroach Brown banded cockroach Oriental cockroach Flea Carpenter ant Spider Black carpet beetle Stable fly Blue bottle fly Millipede Indianmeal moth Mosquito Tick Paper wasp Yellow Jacket Bald faced Hornet Sowbug House fly Earwig Centipede Raid Kills Bugs Dead slogan The product s advertising slogan advertising tagline , Raid Kills Bugs Dead, was created by the advertising agency Foote, Cone & Belding . The phrase itself is often attributed to the poet Lew Welch , who worked for the agency at the time. ref Saroyan, Aram. Genesis Angels The Saga of Lew Welch and the Beat Generation . New York William Morrow, 1979. ref Image Raidcartoon.jpg thumb 200px A frame from a Finland Finnish TV commercial for Raid. The line was first used in commerce in 1966 and was trademarked in 1986. Legendary animation director Tex Avery was the producer of the first Kills Bugs Dead commercials. Artist Don Pegler developed the bug characters used in the US and continued animating them for forty years. Pegler cod i fied the look, feel and ani ma tion of the weird insects that run in fear of Raid, said Steve Schildwachter, exec u tive vice president at Draftfcb. ref cite news url http blog.bcdb.com don pegler 82 created bugs raid campaign 8644 title Don Pegler, 82, created bugs in Raid campaign first Ethan last Minovitz newspaper Big Cartoon News date 6 January 2012 a ... more details
Persian powder is a Plant toxin insecticide powder, also called Persian Pellitory and Insect powder . ref http www.hydroponicsearch.com spelling simplesearch query term Persian 20powder database strategy exact Webster 1913 definition ref Biological pest control Persian powder is a green pesticide that has been used for centuries for the biological pest control biological pest extermination of household insects , Category Garden pests garden pest s, and agricultural pest s. ref Bioaromatica http www.aromatica.hr eng page.asp?id buhac&sub buhac3 The history of pyrethrum ref It is used indoors, in gardens and the horticulture industry, and in agriculture. It is produced from the powdered flowers of certain species of Pyrethrum , in the genera Chrysanthemum and Tanacetum . In more recent times it has had formulations with brand names such as Zacherlin . ref name US Patent US patent reference number 308172 y 1884 m 11 d 18 inventor Johann Zacherl title Pyrethrum Soap ref Synthetic forms Pyrethroid s are synthetic insecticides based on natural pyrethrum pyrethrin s , such as one common example permethrin . A common formulation of pyrethrin is in preparations containing the synthetic chemical piperonyl butoxide this has the effect of enhancing the toxic ity to insects and speeding the effects when compared with pyrethrins used alone. These formulations are known as synergized pyrethrins . Snow In Iran Persian powder is also a name given to a type of dry snow in the Zagros Mountains . See also Biological pest control List of repellent plants Organic gardening Organic farming References reflist Category Pyrethroids Category Plant toxin insecticides Category Biological pest control agents Category Chrysanthemum P Category Biological pest control horticulture stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 William Lawrence Tower born 1872, date of death unknown was an United States American zoology zo& 246 logist , born in Halifax, Massachusetts Halifax , Massachusetts . He was educated at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Lawrence Scientific School Harvard , the Harvard Graduate School , and the University of Chicago Bachelor of Science B. S. , 1902 , where he taught thereafter, becoming associate professor in 1911. He did important experimental work in heredity , investigating especially the laws of heredity in beetle s and publishing An Investigation of Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa 1906 . This study is probably the first albeit possibly discredited of mutation in animals. ref Sokoloff, A. 1966 The Genetics of Tribolium and Related Species. Academic Press, New York. ref ref http www.genetics.org cgi content full 158 2 695 R10 Hawthorne, David J. 2001 AFLP Based Genetic Linkage Map of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Sex Chromosomes and a Pyrethroid Resistance Candidate Gene. Genetics 158 695 700 ref He published also The Development of the Colors and Color Patterns of Coleoptera 1903 and, with Stanley Coulter Coulter , William E. Castle Castle , Charles Davenport Davenport and East, an essay on Heredity and Eugenics 1912 . References Reflist NIE Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tower, William Lawrence ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1872 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tower, William Lawrence Category University of Chicago alumni Category University of Chicago faculty Category Lawrence Scientific School alumni Category American zoologists Category American eugenicists Category American science writers Category 1872 births Category Year of death missing US zoologist stub ru , ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 428735589 ImageFile Pyrethrin II 2D skeletal.png ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo PubChem 5320807 SMILES CC1 C C O CC1OC O C2C C2 C C C C C C O OC CC CC C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 22 sub H sub 28 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 372.45472 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Pyrethrin II is an organic compound that is a potent insecticide . It is one of the two pyrethrin s, the other being pyrethrin I . Thousands of tons this mixture are produced annually from chrysanthemum plants, which are cultivated in warm climates. ref name Ullmann Robert L. Metcalf Insect Control in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2002. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a14 263 ref Whereas pyrethrin I is a derivative of trans chrysanthemic acid , in pyrethrin II one methyl group is oxidized to a carboxymethyl group, the resulting core being called pyrethric acid. Knowledge of their chemical structures opened the way for the production of synthetic analogues, which are called pyrethroid s. In terms of their biosynthesis , pyrethrins are classified as terpenoid s, being derived from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate . ref Susan B. Rivera, Bradley D. Swedlund, Gretchen J. King, Russell N. Bell, Charles E. Hussey, Jr., Donna M. Shattuck Eidens, Wislawa M. Wrobel, Galen D. Peiser, and C. Dale Poulter Chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase Isolation of the gene and characterization of the recombinant non head to tail monoterpene synthase from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2001 , volume 98, p 4373 4378. doi 10.1073 pnas.071543598 ref References references Insecticides ketone stub Category Pyrethroids Category Alkenes Category Ketones ... more details
The first synthetic pyrethroid Esbiothrin A form of allethrin Dibutyl hydroxyl toluene BHT An optional additive to prevent pyrethroid from oxidizing during burning Piperonyl butoxide PBO An optional additive to improve the effectiveness of pyrethroid N 2 ethylhexyl bicyclo 2,2,1 hept 5 ene 2,3 dicarboximide MGK 264 An optional additive to improve effectiveness of a pyrethroid Advantages Mosquito ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 431792898 ImageFile Empenthrin.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName E RS 1 Ethynyl 2 methylpent 2 enyl 1 RS ,3 RS 1 RS ,3 SR 2,2 dimethyl 3 2 methylprop 1 enyl cyclopropanecarboxylate OtherNames Vaporthrin Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 54406 48 3 PubChem 6434488 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C18524 SMILES CCC C C C C C OC O C1C C1 C C C C C C Section2 Chembox Properties C 18 H 26 O 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Empenthrin also called vaporthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used in insecticide s. It is active against broad spectrum of flying insect s including clothing moth moths and other pests damaging textile . ref name ppdb It has low acute mammalian toxicity its oral lethal dose LD sub 50 sub is above 5000 mg kg in male rat s, above 3500 mg kg in female rats and greater than 3500 mg kg in mouse mice . ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 1293329 Mammalian toxicity of empenthrin Vaporthrin, S 2852F ref It is however very toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms 96 hour LC sub 50 sub in Oncorhynchus mykiss is 1.7 g L, 48 hour EC sub 50 sub in Daphnia magna is 20 g L . ref name ppdb http sitem.herts.ac.uk aeru iupac Reports 1596.htm empenthrin Ref S 2852 Forte ref File Empenthrin insekticid.jpg thumb left 100px Empenthrin preparation against clothing moth s clear left References references insecticides Category Pyrethroids Category Alkynes cs Empenthrin fa hu Empentrin ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 413336120 Name Piperonyl butoxide ImageFile Piperonyl butoxide.png ImageSize 200px ImageName Piperonyl butoxide IUPACName 5 2 2 butoxyethoxy ethoxymethyl 6 propyl 1,3 benzodioxole Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 51 03 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1201131 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG C18880 SMILES CCCCOCCOCCOCC1 CC2 C C C1CCC OCO2 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 19 sub H sub 30 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 338.438 g mol Density 1.05 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt BoilingPt 180 C 0.13 kPa Section7 Chembox Hazards FlashPt 170 C Piperonyl butoxide PBO is an organic compound used as pesticide synergy synergist , especially for pyrethroids and rotenone . It does not by itself have pesticidal properties. However, when added to insecticide mixtures, typically pyrethrin , pyrethroid , and carbamate insecticide s, their potency is increased considerably. ref http npic.orst.edu factsheets pbogen.pdf National Pesticide Information Center Piperonyl Butoxide General Fact Sheet ref It is a semisynthetic derivative of safrole . ref name Ullmann Robert L. Metcalf Insect Control in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2002. DOI 10.1002 14356007.a14 263 ref The exposure of pregnant women to this compound has become a cause for concern. Citation needed date November 2011 Mechanism of action Piperonyl butoxide is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which detoxify insecticides for many pests. Therefore, inhibiting the P450s allows higher unmetabolised systemic concentrations of the insecticide such as pyrethroid to remain within the target animal for a longer period. ref cite journal doi 10.1002 ps.1661 author Moores, G. D., Philippou, D., Borzatta, V., Trincia, P., Jewess, P., Gunning, R., Bingham, G. title An analogue of piperonyl butoxide facilitates the characterisation of metabolic resistance journal Pest Manag. Sci. volume ... more details
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