Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 444074249 ImageFileL1 Pyridinium.svg ImageSizeL1 80px ImageFileR1 Pyridinium 3D balls.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName pyridinium OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1S C5H5N c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 5H p 1 InChIKey1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG UHFFFAOYSA O InChI1 1S C5H5N c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 5H p 1 CASNo 16969 45 2 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 4989215 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 4169387 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey JUJWROOIHBZHMG UHFFFAOYSA O SMILES nH 1ccccc1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H5N c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 5H p 1 Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 6 N 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Pyridinium refers to the cationic form of pyridine . This can either be due to protonation of the ring nitrogen or because of addition of a substituent to the ring nitrogen, typically via alkylation . The lone pair of electron s on the nitrogen atom of pyridine is not delocalized , and thus pyridine can be protonated easily. Pyridine is often used as an organic base in chemical reactions, thus the pyridinium ion is produced as the counter ion to the leaving group in the reaction. This complex is often insoluble in the organic solvent, so precipitation of the pyridinium leaving group complex is an indication of the progress of the reaction. The pyridinium ion also plays a role in Friedel Crafts acylation . When pyridine is included, it forms a complex with the electrophillic acylium ion, rendering it even more reactive. See also Pyridinium chlorochromate Category Pyridines Organic compound stub es Piridinio fa fr Ion pyridinium nl Pyridinium ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 406365741 Name Pyridinium chlorochromate ImageFile Pyridinium chlorochromate.PNG ImageSize 150px ImageName Chemical structure of the Pyridinium Chlorochromate ImageFileL1 Pyridinium 3D balls.png ImageNameR1 Ball and stick model of the pyridinium cation ImageFileR1 Chlorochromate 3D balls.png ImageNameR1 Ball and stick model of the chlorochromate anion IUPACName Pyridinium chlorochromate OtherNames PCC Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C5H5N.ClH.Cr.3O c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 5H 1H q 1 1 rC5H5N.ClCrO3 c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 1 2 3,4 5 h1 5H q 1 p 1 InChIKey LEHBURLTIWGHEM YOEUSAHMAN CASNo 26299 14 9 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10608386 SMILES O Cr O O Cl. nH 1ccccc1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H5N.ClH.Cr.3O c1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h1 5H 1H q 1 1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LEHBURLTIWGHEM UHFFFAOYSA N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 5 sub NHClCrO sub 3 sub MolarMass 215.56 g mol Appearance orange crystalline powder MeltingPtC 205 Solvent other solvents SolubleOther soluble in dichloromethane , br benzene , diethyl ether , br acetone , acetonitrile , br THF Section7 ... , R43 , R50 53 SPhrases S53 , S45 , S60 , S61 Pyridinium chlorochromate is a reddish orange solid reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones . Pyridinium chlorochromate ... and William Suggs in 1975. ref name corey cite journal author Corey, E.J. Suggs, W. title Pyridinium ... X issue 31 ref Pyridinium dichromate is a similar oxidizing agent , which has the advantage of being ... 2 sub Cl sub 2 sub . ref cite journal author Agarwal, S Tiwari, H. P. Sharma, J. P. title Pyridinium ... doi 10.1016 S0040 4020 01 86776 4 issue 12 ref Chromium VI oxide is treated with pyridine pyridinium ... arokorhi lifescience phar PYRIDINIUM 20DICHROMATE.htm Datasheet PDC http www.npi.gov.au database ... de pyridinium nl Pyridiniumchlorochromaat ja pt Clorocromato de pirid nio zh ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Pyridinium p toluenesulfonate chembox verifiedrevid 450938033 Name Pyridinium p toluenesulfonate ImageFile1 Pyridinium p toluenesulfonate.svg IUPACName 4 methylbenzenesulfonate pyridin 1 ium OtherNames pyridinium p toluenesulfonate Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations PPTS CASNo 24057 28 1 PubChem 466102 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 141806 SMILES Cc1ccc cc1 S O O O .c1cc nH cc1 InChI 1 C7H8O3S.C5H5N c1 6 2 4 7 5 3 6 11 8,9 10 1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h2 5H,1H3, H,8,9,10 1 5H InChIKey ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX UHFFFAOYAE StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C7H8O3S.C5H5N c1 6 2 4 7 5 3 6 11 8,9 10 1 2 4 6 5 3 1 h2 5H,1H3, H,8,9,10 1 5H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX UHFFFAOYSA N Section2 Chembox Properties C 12 H 13 N 1 O 3 S 1 Appearance Colourless solid Density Solubility MeltingPtC 120 Melting notes source ref cite web url http www.tokyokasei.co.jp catalog P0942.html author TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD title Pyridinium p Toluenesulfonate accessdate 2011 09 16 ref BoilingPtC pKa 5.21 ref cite web url http evans.harvard.edu pdf evans pKa table.pdf format PDF title Evans pKa Table author David A. Evans date 2005 11 04 accessdate 2011 09 16 ref Section3 Chembox Hazards RPhrases SPhrases Pyridinium p toluenesulfonate is a salt chemistry salt of pyridine and p Toluenesulfonic acid p toluenesulfonic acid . It is often called PPTS . It appears a colourless solid. Masaki Miyashita studied this compound and found it efficient to deprotection deprotect Tetrahydropyran tetrahydropyranyl group THP . ref cite journal ACS title Pyridinium p toluenesulfonate. A mild and efficient catalyst for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols author Miyashita, M. Yoshikoshi, A. Grieco, P. A. journal Journal of Organic Chemistry J. Org. Chem. year 1977 volume 42 issue 23 pages 3772 3774 doi 10.1021 jo00443a038 ref Uses In organic synthesis , p toluenesulfonate is used as a catalyst due to its weak ... more details
PPTS may refer to Palestine Pilgrims Text Society , a Victorian academic society Pulsed plasma thruster s, a type of spacecraft propulsion Prospective Piloted Transport System , a Russian spacecraft Pyridinium p toluenesulfonate , a chemical reagent See also Power point disambiguation disambig ja PPTS ... more details
hexavalent chromium oxide, such as pyridinium chlorochromate and Collins reagent . Because of their toxicity ... its handling it is only slightly acidic owing to the presence of pyridinium cations. The Cornforth ... pyridinium dichromate in approtic media ref The oxidation is usually carried out at ambient ... unrelated to their water absorption capability. Among organic acids, acetic acid , pyridinium Trifluoroacetic acid trifluoroacetate or pyridinium tosyl ate can be added, the first one ... to other pyridinium salts of hexavalent chromium oxide, such as pyridinium chlorochromate PyH CrO ... 0.01 and 0.1 mg m sup 3 sup in air depending on the country. As a strong oxidant, pyridinium dichromate ... more details
A chromate ester is a chemical structure that contains a chromium atom in a 6 oxidation state that is connected via an oxygen linkage to a carbon atom. The Cr itself is in its chromate form, with several oxygens attached, and the Cr O C attachment makes this chemical group structurally similar to other ester functional groups. They can be synthesized from various chromium VI metal compounds, such as CrO sub 3 sub , chromium chloride complexes, and aqueous chromate ions, and tend to react via redox reactions to liberate chromium IV . Chromate esters are the key reactive intermediate s in the Jones oxidation the mechanistically related oxidations using pyridinium dichromate or pyridinium chlorochromate . Chromate esters of allyl alcohol s may isomerize via formal Sigmatropic reaction 3,3 sigmatropic shift to give rearranged enone products. ref cite book title Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis edition 4th Edition authors Carruthers, W. Coldham, I. year 2004 isbn 9780521770972 page 381 ref An example of an isolable chromate ester is CH sub 3 sub sub 3 sub CO sub 2 sub CrO sub 2 sub . ref Fillmore Freeman, Di tert butyl Chromate Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI 10.1002 047084289X.rd059m ref References reflist Category Chromium compounds Category Esters ester stub reaction stub ... more details
The Zincke reaction is an organic reaction in which a pyridine is transformed into a pyridinium salt by reaction with 2,4 dinitro chlorobenzene and a primary amine , named after Theodor Zincke . ref cite journal title Ueber Dinitrophenylpyridiniumchlorid und dessen Umwandlungsproducte author Theodor Zincke Zincke, Th. Heuser, G. Moller, W. journal Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie volume 333 issue 2 3 pages 296 345 year 1904 url doi 10.1002 jlac.19043330212 ref ref cite journal title Ueber Dinitrophenylpyridiniumchlorid und dessen Umwandlungsproducte author Theodor Zincke Zincke, Th. Heuser, G. Moller, W. journal Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie volume 330 issue 2 pages 361 374 year 1904 url doi 10.1002 jlac.19043300217 ref ref cite journal title ber Dinitrophenylisochinoliniumchlorid und dessen Umwandlungsprodukte author Zincke, T. H. Weisspfenning, G. journal Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie volume 396 issue 1 pages 103 131 year 1913 url doi 10.1002 jlac.19133960107 ref Image ZinckeReaction.png 500px center The Zincke reaction The Zincke reaction should not be confused with the Zincke ... pyridinium salt 2 . This salt is typically isolated and purified by recrystallization chemistry ... pyridinium salt Upon heating a primary amine with the N 2,4 dinitrophenyl pyridinium salt 2 , the addition of the amine leads to the opening of the pyridinium ring. A second addition of amine leads ... reaction elimination , the desired pyridinium ion 9 is formed. Image Zincke Reaction Mechanism2.png ... is covalently attached to Wang resin . ref The Solid Phase Zincke Reaction Preparation of Hydroxy Pyridinium ... Heterocycles by the Ring Opening of Pyridinium Salts Aaron M. Kearney, Christopher D. Vanderwal Angew ... annulene structure 1 from an N aryl pyridinium chloride and an amine , an aniline in the case of the Japanese ... Derivatives? 100 Year Old Pyridinium Salts p 9152 9153 Manfred Christl Published Online Nov ... was not the 12 membered ring but the 6 membered pyridinium salt structure 2 . Initially both groups ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salt chemistry salt s resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic Base chemistry base mostly amine s . This is also known as muriate , derived from hydrochloric acid s other name muriatic acid. For example, reaction of pyridine C sub 5 sub H sub 5 sub N with hydrochloric acid HCl yields pyridine hydrochloride C sub 5 sub H sub 5 sub N HCl . Even though this style of formula is often used for denoting the hydrochlorides, the dot incorrectly implies that the two molecules are weakly bonded together rather, what is present is the salt C sub 5 sub H sub 5 sub NH sup sup Cl sup sup with the correct chemical name pyridinium pyridinium chloride . Hydrochloric salts are most often referred to by using the name of the base, then simply tagging on hydrochloride or HCl . For example, while crack cocaine is the Free base chemistry freebase of cocaine, the salt form is often referred to as cocaine HCl. Uses Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them Solubility water and acid soluble . This is particularly desirable for substances used in medications. Many pharmaceutical substances are prepared as hydrochlorides so that they may be quickly released in the gastrointestinal tract the body usually absorbs a hydrochloride within fifteen or thirty minutes. Very often hydrochlorides of amines have longer shelf lives than their respective free bases. The formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl. See also Free base chemistry Quaternary ammonium cation Category Organochlorides Category Salts de Hydrochloride fr Chlorhydrate it Cloridrato nl Hydrochloride pl Chlorowodorki pt Cloridrato sv Hydroklorid ... more details
. Dudley title Mix and Heat Benzylation of Alcohols Using a Bench Stable Pyridinium Salt year 2006 journal ... a benzyloxy pyridinium salt as a benzyl transfer reagent for alcohols Image Pyridinium salt benzyl ether protection.png 600px Pyridinium salt benzyl ether protection Trifluorotoluene was used as the solvent ... more details
The Sarett oxidation is the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone or an aldehyde using chromium trioxide and pyridine . Primary alcohol s will only be oxidised to the aldehyde and not on to carboxylic acid s. Image sarett.png The reagent is named after the American chemist Lewis Hastings Sarett 1917 1999 . See also Collins reagent Pyridinium chlorochromate Jones oxidation References cite journal title Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Adrenal Steroids.1 V. 4b Methyl 7 ethylenedioxy 1,2,3,4,4a ,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a dodecahydrophenanthrene 4 ol 1 one and Related Tricyclic Derivatives author G. I. Poos, G. E. Arth, R. E. Beyler, and L. H. Sarett journal Journal of the American Chemical Society volume 75 issue 2 pages 422 429 year 1953 url doi 10.1021 ja01098a049 J. R. Holum, J. Org. Chem. 26, 4814 1961 E. J. Kris, Chemistry & Industry London 1961 1834 V. I. Stenberg, and R. J. Perkins, J. Org. Chems. 28, 323 1963 P. G. Gassman and P. G. Pape, J. Org. Chem. 29, 160 1964 . External links http www.chempensoftware.com reactions RXN348.htm Sarett oxidation Category Organic redox reactions Reaction stub Category Name reactions ar fr Oxydation de Sarett nl Sarett oxidatie zh ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Chembox verifiedrevid 399891783 ImageFile Desmosine.PNG ImageSize IUPACName 4 4 amino 4 carboxybutyl 1 5 amino 5 carboxypentyl 3,5 bis 3 amino 3 carboxypropyl pyridinium OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 23745 InChI 1 C24H39N5O8 c25 17 21 30 31 5 1 2 11 29 12 14 7 9 19 27 23 34 35 16 4 3 6 18 26 22 32 33 15 13 29 8 10 20 28 24 36 37 h12 13,17 20H,1 11,25 28H2, H3 ,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37 p 1 InChIKey VEVRNHHLCPGNDU IKLDFBCSAT StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C24H39N5O8 c25 17 21 30 31 5 1 2 11 29 12 14 7 9 19 27 23 34 35 16 4 3 6 18 26 22 32 33 15 13 29 8 10 20 28 24 36 37 h12 13,17 20H,1 11,25 28H2, H3 ,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37 p 1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey VEVRNHHLCPGNDU UHFFFAOYSA O CASNo 11003 57 9 PubChem 25435 SMILES O C O C N CCCC n 1cc c c c1 CCC C O O N CCCC C O O N CCC C O O N Section2 Chembox Properties C 24 H 40 N 5 O 8 Formula MolarMass Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition A desmosine cross link is formed from three allysyl side chains plus one unaltered lysyl side chain from the same or neighbouring polypeptides . It is found in elastin . Desmosine causes a yellow color. This desmosine is responsible for the rubber properties of elastin. Protein primary structure Category Proteins Category Peptides Protein stub de Desmosin fa fr Desmosine it Desmosina kk ja ru zh ... more details
Picoline refers to three different methyl pyridine isomerism isomers , all with the chemical formula carbon C sub 6 sub hydrogen H sub 7 sub nitrogen N and a molar mass of 93.13 g mol sup 1 sup . All three are colourless liquids at room temperature and pressure and are miscible with water and most organic solvents. Data for the three compounds are summarized in the table. class wikitable class sortable wikitable Name s CAS m.p. C b.p. C p K sub a sub of pyridinium ion structure 2 Methylpyridine , picoline 109 06 8 66.7 129.4 5.96 Image 2 methylpyridine 2D skeletal.png 70px center picoline center 3 Methylpyridine , picoline 108 99 6 18 141 5.63 Image 3 methylpyridine 2D skeletal.png 70px center picoline center 4 Methylpyridine , picoline 108 89 4 3.6 145.4 5.98 Image 4 methylpyridine 2D skeletal.png 50px center picoline center The CAS registry number CAS number of an unspecified picoline isomer is 1333 41 1 Environmental properties Picolines exhibit greater volatility and are more slowly degraded than their carboxylic acid counterparts. Volatilization is much less extensive in soil than water, owing to sorption of the compounds to soil clays and organic matter. ref Sims, G. K. and L.E. Sommers. 1985. Degradation of pyridine derivatives in soil. J. Environmental Quality. 14 580 584. ref Picoline degradation appears to be mediated primarily by bacteria, with the majority of isolates belonging to the Actinobacteria. 3 Methylpyridine degrades more slowly than the other two isomers, likely due to the impact of resonance in the heterocyclic ring. Like most simple pyridine derivatives, the picolines contain more nitrogen than is needed for growth of microorganisms, and excess nitrogen is generally excreted to the environment as ammonium during the degradation process. ref Sims, G. K. and L.E. Sommers. 1986. Biodegradation of pyridine derivatives in soil suspensions. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 5 503 509. ref References Reflist Category Pyridines de P ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 462095633 ImageFile MPP .svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridin 1 ium OtherNames Cyperquat Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 39794 99 5 PubChem 39484 EINECS 248 939 7 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 311617 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 36101 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 641 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C12H12N c1 13 9 7 12 8 10 13 11 5 3 2 4 6 11 h2 10H,1H3 q 1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey FMGYKKMPNATWHP UHFFFAOYSA N SMILES C n 1 cc c c c1 c2 cc cc c2 MeSHName 1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 12 sub H sub 12 sub N sup sup MolarMass 170.25 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition MPP 1 methyl 4 phenyl pyridine pyridinium is a positively charged molecule with chemical formula Carbon C sub 12 sub Hydrogen H sub 12 sub Nitrogen N sup sup . It is toxicity toxic and acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria , causing depletion of adenosine triphosphate ATP and cell death . ref name pubchem http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 39484 PubChem Compound entry on MPP ref It also inhibits the synthesis of catecholamine s, reduces levels of dopamine and heart cardiac norepinephrine , and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase . ref name pubchem The neurotoxin MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP by the enzyme MAO B , causing parkinsonism in primate s by killing certain dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra . The chloride of MPP has been used as a herbicide under the trade name cyperquat and is structurally similar to the herbicide paraquat . References Reflist 2 Neurotoxins Herbicides Dopaminergics Category Herbicides Category Neurotoxins Category Pyridines Category Quaternary ammonium compounds nervous system drug stub fa ... more details
Amorphous silica alumina is a synthetic substance that is used as a catalyst or catalyst support. ref name Scherzer Julius Scherzer, Adrian J. Gruia, 1996 , Hydrocracking Science and Technology , CRC Press, ISBN 082479760 ref It can be prepared in a number of ways for example ref name Scherzer Precipitation of hydrous alumina onto amorphous silica hydrogel Reacting a silica Sol colloid sol with an alumina sol Coprecipitation from sodium silicate aluminium salt solution Water soluble contaminants e.g. sodium salts are removed by washing. ref name Scherzer br Some of the alumina is present in tetrahedral coordination as shown by NMR studies sup 29 sup Si Magic angle spinning MAS solid state NMR NMR and sup 27 sup Al solid state NMR NMR ref Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the dealumination of an amorphous silica alumina catalyst,Pascal P. Man, Marie Jeanne Peltre and Denise Barthomeuf, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1990, 86, 1599 1602, doi 10.1039 FT9908601599 ref br Amorphous silica alumina contains sites which are termed Br nsted acid or protic sites,with an ionizable hydrogen atom, and Lewis acid aprotic , electron accepting sites and these different types of acidic site can be distinguished by the ways in which, say, pyridine attaches. On Lewis acid sites it forms complexes and on the Br nsted sites it adsorbs as the pyridinium ion. ref Dale L. Perry, 1992, Applications of Analytical Techniques to the Characterization of Materials proceedings of a symposium on applications of analytical techniques to the characterization of materials, held August 29 30, 1990, American Chemical Society Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Dale L. Perry, Springer, ISBN 0306441896 ref Examples of processes that use silica alumina catalysts are the production of pyridine from crotonaldehyde , formaldehyde , steam, air and ammonia ref John Arthur Joule, Keith Mills, 2000,Heterocyclic Chemistry,4th edition, Blackwell Publishing,ISBN 0632054530 ref and the cracking of hy ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 458471735 IUPAC name 4 carbamoyl 1 2 E hydroxyimino methyl pyridinium 1 yl methoxy methyl pyridinium dichloride image Asoxime chloride.svg Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status Experimental routes of administration Intramuscular injection Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite changed ?? CAS number 34433 31 3 ATC prefix ATC suffix ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 33051 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C14H14N4O3.2ClH c15 14 19 12 4 7 17 8 5 12 10 21 11 18 6 2 1 3 13 18 9 16 20 h1 9H,10 11H2, H ,15,19 2 1H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey QELSIJXWEROXOE UHFFFAOYSA N PubChem 5484128 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 13004322 Chemical data C 14 H 16 N 4 O 3 Cl 2 molecular weight 359.21 g mol Asoxime chloride , or more commonly HI 6 , is a oxime Hagedorn oxime used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning . Antidotes Category Antidotes Category Oximes pharma stub pl Azoksym ... more details
Drugbox IUPAC name 1,1&prime propane 1,3 diylbis 4 E hydroxyimino methyl pyridinium dibromide image Trimedoxime bromide structure.svg width 250 Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status Experimental br In military use routes of administration Intramuscular injection Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life 2 hours mean excretion Identifiers CAS number 56 97 3 ATC prefix None ATC suffix PubChem 5359236 DrugBank ChemSpiderID 4514238 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII ED0GXI9825 Chemical data chemical formula C sub 15 sub H sub 18 sub N sub 4 sub O sub 2 sub · 2Br sup &minus sup molecular weight 446.14 g mol Trimedoxime bromide International Nonproprietary Name INN , also known as dipyroxime or TMB 4 , is an oxime used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning . pharma stub Antidotes Category Antidotes Category Oximes ... more details
Refimprove date July 2009 Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 462263966 IUPAC name 1,1 oxybis methylene bis 4 E br hydroxyimino methyl pyridinium image Obidoxime skeletal.svg Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Kidney Renal Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite changed ?? CAS number 114 90 9 ATC prefix V03 ATC suffix AB13 PubChem 5485192 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 4588647 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII N6KNE1QA9O ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 291233 Chemical data C 14 H 16 N 4 O 3 charge 2 molecular weight 288.302 g mol smiles O NH C C1 C C N C C1 COCN 2 C C C C C 2 C NH O InChI 1 C14H14N4O3 c19 15 9 13 1 5 17 6 2 13 11 21 12 18 7 3 14 4 8 18 10 16 20 h1 10H,11 12H2 p 2 InChIKey HIGRLDNHDGYWQJ SKRXCDHZAW StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C14H14N4O3 c19 15 9 13 1 5 17 6 2 13 11 21 12 18 7 3 14 4 8 18 10 16 20 h1 10H,11 12H2 p 2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HIGRLDNHDGYWQJ UHFFFAOYSA P Obidoxime is a member of the oxime family used to treat nerve gas poisoning. Oximes are drugs known for their ability to reverse the binding of organophosphorus compounds to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase AChE . ref name pmid19519385 cite journal author Jokanovi M, Prostran M title Pyridinium oximes as cholinesterase reactivators. Structure activity relationship and efficacy in the treatment of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds journal Curr. Med. Chem. volume 16 issue 17 pages 2177 88 year 2009 pmid 19519385 doi 10.2174 092986709788612729 url http www.bent ... more details
Image E1cB.svg right frame The E1cB reaction mechanism. The E1cB elimination reaction is a special type of elimination reaction in organic chemistry . This reaction mechanism explains the formation of alkene s from mostly alkyl halide s through a carbanion intermediate given specified reaction conditions and specified substrates. The abbreviation stands for E limination U nimolecular c onjugate B ase. The reaction takes place around a orbital hybridization sp sup 3 sup sp sup 3 sup carbon to carbon covalent bond with an acidic hydrogen atom substituent and a leaving group . This leaving group can be a halide or a sulfonic acid ester such as a tosyl group. A strong base chemistry base abstracts the proton generating a carbanion . The electron pair then expels the leaving group and the double bond is formed. When the first step to the carbanion is slow and the second step fast the reaction is irreversible and named E1cB sub i sub . When the first step is fast and the leaving group is expelled reversibly then the reaction mechanism is E1cB sub r sub . In the E1cB sub anion sub variation the carbanion is especially stable with a rapid first step and a slow second step. br Simply, the nucleophilicity of the leaving group and the stability of the carbanion determine whether or not the reaction is reversible. Image E1cBexample.gif right frame The E1cB reaction mechanism. Reaction of 1 methyl 2 2 fluoroethyl pyridinium iodide with hydroxide. A named reaction displaying E1cB elimination mechanism is the Boord olefin synthesis . Being able to distinguish between different elimination reaction mechanisms E2, E1, E1cB is often difficult and involves the study of chemical kinetics , kinetic isotope effect s, substituent effects and computational chemistry . The reaction of 1 methyl 2 2 fluoroethyl pyridinium iodide with the hydroxide ion in water is an example of a 2 step E1cB reaction because the carbanion is stabilized by the resonance effect with the enamine . ref cite ... more details
, pyridinium chlorochromate , the Corey Chaykovsky reagent and acryloyl chloride . Key chemical transformations ... alcohol 5 . The hydroxyl group was then oxidized to a carbonyl group giving ketone 6 by action of pyridinium ... . The A ring was functionalized with a hydroxyl group through pyridinium chlorochromate oxidation of ... Acetal Protection methanol, collidine p toluenesulfonate Deprotection pyridinium tosylate The carbonyl ... of the A ring to the C ring Scheme 4 . The aldehyde is later deprotected using pyridinium ... more details
. An example of this approach used bis bi pyridinium salts which form strong complexes threaded ... macrocycles. In one such system Ref 1 one macrocycle is an electron deficient oligo Bis bi pyridinium ... is held firmly inside the pyridinium ring. A limited number of rapidly interchanging conformers ... more details
properties similar to those of tertiary amine s. The pKa of the conjugate acid is 5.25 , i.e. pyridinium ... a positively charged aromatic polyatomic ion called pyridinium . The bond length s and bond angle s in pyridine and pyridinium are almost identical. ref cite journal author T. M. Krygowski, H. Szatyowicz ... bonding Modifies Molecular Structure and Electron Delocalization in the Ring of Pyridine Pyridinium ... The pyridinium cation is isoelectronic with benzene. Pyridinium p toluenesulfonic acid toluenesulfonate PPTS is an illustrative pyridinium salt it is produced by treating pyridine with P Toluenesulfonic ... Pyridine 10.png 620px thumb center Resonance structures of pyridine File Pyridinium orbitals.svg 180px ... by the addition of an electrophile to the nitrogen atom is called pyridinium . gallery class centered ... of the pyridinium cation gallery Production Historically, pyridine was extracted from coal tar or obtained ... of pyridine forming pyridinium salts. The reaction with alkylhalide s leads to alkylation of the nitrogen ... in pyridinium compounds it has no relation to the chemical element zinc . Hydrogenation and reduction ... the resulting hydrogen halide to form a pyridinium salt. In esterification s and acylations pyridine ... to form pyridiniumPyridinium chlorochromate was developed by Elias James Corey and William Suggs in 1975 ... name corey cite journal author Corey, E.J. Suggs, W. title Pyridinium Chlorochromate. An Efficient Reagent ... chromium VI oxide with pyridinium chloride ref cite journal author Agarwal, S Tiwari, H. P. Sharma, J. P. title Pyridinium Chlorochromate an Improved Method for its Synthesis and use of Anhydrous ... pyridinium dichromate, PDC , ref cite journal author Cornforth, R.H. coauthors Cornforth, J.W. ... 1351 4 doi 10.1016 S0040 4020 01 99289 0 issue 12 ref pyridinium chlorochromate PCC , the Collins ... more details
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