Mitogen activated protein kinasekinasekinasekinase MAP4K is a family of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction . Expand list date May 2011 MAP4K1 aka HPK1 MAP4K2 aka GCK MAP4K3 MAP4K4 MAP4K5 Additional images gallery File Signal transduction pathways.svg Some signal transduction pathways. MAP4K s not labelled. File MAPKpathway.jpg MAPK pathway. Some or all of the MAP4K s in this image are labelled by other names, such as HPK1 and GCK. gallery See also Signal transduction MAP kinase MAP kinasekinase MAP kinasekinasekinase References references MAP kinase activation Serine threonine specific protein kinases biochemistry stub ... more details
the effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase upon pyruvate dehydrogenase . Function Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 is one of the three components E1, E2, and E3 of the large pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases catalyze phosphorylation of serine residues of E1 to inactivate the E1 component and inhibit the complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases catalyze the dephosphorylation and activation of the E1 component to reverse the effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase is a heterodimer consisting of catalytic and regulatory subunits ..., and belongs to the protein phosphatase 2C PP2C superfamily. Along with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, this enzyme is located in the mitochondrial matrix. ref name entrez Clinical significance Mutation in this gene causes pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency. ref name entrez Interactive pathway map TCACycle WP78 highlight Pyruvate dehydrogenase ... A. last9 Schulze first9 A. cite journal author Maj MC title Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency ...PBB geneid 54704 pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 PDPC 1 , also known as protein ... title Entrez Gene pyruvate dehyrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... of the catalytic subunit of bovine pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and sequence similarity ... Down regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase in obese subjects is a defect that signals ... title Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 PDP1 null mutation produces a lethal infantile phenotype ... regulating glucose oxidation at the level of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by PDKs journal ... crystallographic studies of the catalytic subunits of human pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase isoforms ... pyruvate dehydrogenase. Site specific regulation journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 270 issue 24 pages 14297 ... first7 LM cite journal author Ito M title Decrease of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase activity ... more details
performed by pyruvatekinase in Embden Meyerhof Parnas glycolysis. It should not be confused with pyruvate ... function of pyruvatekinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 243 pages 3202&ndash 4 pmid 4297474 issue 11 cite journal author Reeves RE date 1971 title Pyruvate,phosphate dikinase from ...enzyme Name pyruvate, phosphate dikinase EC number 2.7.9.1 CAS number 9027 40 1 IUBMB EC number 2 7 9 1 GO code 0050242 image width caption File PPDK reaction.svg thumb 350px Reaction of the pyruvate, phosphate dikinase the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. In enzymology , a pyruvate, phosphate dikinase EC number 2.7.9.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP pyruvate phosphate math rightleftharpoons math AMP phosphoenolpyruvate diphosphate The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , pyruvate , and phosphate , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine monophosphate AMP , phosphoenolpyruvate PEP , and diphosphate . With that enzyme, bacteria can also form ATP if the reaction is running backwards ... Mariano D title Analysis of sequence homologies in plant and bacterial pyruvate phosphate dikinase ... name of this enzyme class is ATP pyruvate, phosphate phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase , pyruvate phosphate dikinase phosphorylating , pyruvate, phosphate dikinase , pyruvate inorganic phosphate dikinase , pyruvate phosphate dikinase , pyruvate phosphate ligase , pyruvic phosphate dikinase , pyruvic phosphate ligase , pyruvate, Pi dikinase , and PPDK . This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism and carbon fixation . PPDK has been shown to undergo light dark regulation by the pyruvate dikinase regulatory protein PDRP . PDRP reversibly ... CR date 1968 title A new enzyme for the interconversion of pyruvate and phosphopyruvate and its role ... cite journal author Reeves RE, Menzies RA, Hsu DS date 1968 title The pyruvate phosphate dikinase ... more details
Infobox disease Name Phosphofructokinase deficiency Image Caption DiseasesDB 5314 ICD10 ICD10 E 74 0 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 271.0 ICDO OMIM 232800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 913 MeshID D006014 Phosphofructokinase deficiency , also known as Glycogen storage disease type VII or Tarui s disease , ref WhoNamedIt synd 3022 ref ref name pmid14339001 cite journal author Tarui S, OKuno G, Ikura Y, Tanaka T, Suda M, Nishikawa M title Phosphofructokinase Deficiency In Skeletal Muscle. A New Type Of Glycogenosis journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 19 issue 4 pages 517 23 year 1965 pmid 14339001 doi 10.1016 0006 291X 65 90156 7 url ref is metabolic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. It may affect humans as well as other mammal s especially dog s . ref name pmid8702726 cite journal pmid 8702726 url http www.jbc.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 8702726 doi 10.1074 jbc.271.33.20070 title Molecular Basis of Canine Muscle Type Phosphofructokinase Deficiency year 1996 author Stedman, H. journal Journal of Biological Chemistry volume 271 pages 20070 last2 Stedman first2 H last3 Rajpurohit first3 Y last4 Henthorn first4 PS last5 Wolfe first5 JH last6 Patterson first6 DF last7 Giger first7 U issue 33 ref In humans it is the least common type of glycogen storage disease . It was named after the Japanese Physician, Seiichiro Tarui 1927 , who was a native of Hyogo Prefecture in Japan. Pathophysiology In this condition, a deficiency of the M subunit PFKM of the phosphofructokinase ... cite journal author Nakajima H, Raben N, Hamaguchi T, Yamasaki T title Phosphofructokinase deficiency ... Phosphofructokinase deficiency also presents in a rare infantile form. The infantile form causes severe myopathy and leads to death in infancy or early childhood. Diagnosis Other deficiency diseases with similar signs and symptoms include deficiencies of phosphoglycerate kinase , phosphoglycerate ... RareDiseases 5686 Glycogen storage disease type 7 Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency Tarui disease ... more details
Calcium deficiency may refer to Calcium deficiency plant disorder Calcium deficiency a plant disorder Hypocalcaemia the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood disambig ... more details
Boron deficiency may refer to Boron deficiency plant disorder , a nutritional disorder in plants Boron deficiency medicine , a nutritional disorder in animals disamb ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Biotin deficiency Image Biotin structure.svg Caption Biotin DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder which can become serious, even fatal, if allowed to progress ... family. Biotin deficiency rarely occurs among healthy people because the daily requirement of biotin ... for five carboxylases in the human body propionyl CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase, pyruvate ... factors are inhibited, biotin deficiency could occur. Clinical Symptoms Rashes including red ... believe that raw egg white consumption is the only cause of biotin deficiency. Nonetheless, a diet that contains an excess of raw egg whites quickly and almost invariably leads to biotin deficiency. Total parenteral nutrition without biotin supplementation Several cases of biotin deficiency in patients ... biotin in TPN preparations. Protein deficiency A shortage of proteins involved in biotin homeostasis can cause biotin deficiency. The main proteins involved in biotin homeostasis are HCS, BTD biotinidase deficiency and SMVT Anticonvulsant therapy Prolonged use of certain drugs, especially phenytoin, primidone, and carbamazepine, may lead to biotin deficiency however, valproic acid therapy is less ... to biotin deficiency. Severe Malnourishment Prolonged oral antibiotic therapy Prolonged use of oral antibiotics has been associated with biotin deficiency. Alterations in the intestinal flora caused by the prolonged administration of antibiotics are presumed to be the basis for biotin deficiency. Genetic mutation Mikati et al 2006 reported a case of partial biotinidase deficiency plasma biotinidase ... that smoking can lead to marginal biotin deficiency because it speeds up biotin catabolism especially ... at low concentrations, deficiency is rare except in locations where malnourishment is very common ... also Biotinidase deficiency , Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency , and Multiple carboxylase deficiency ... deficiency ascertained by family studies of index cases journal J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. volume ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Mineral deficiency Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 E 58 e 50 ICD10 E 61 e 50 ICD9 ICD9 269.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Mineral deficiency refers to a hypoalimentation of dietary mineral s. ref name urlIntroduction Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity Merck Manual Professional cite web url http www.merck.com mmpe sec01 ch005 ch005a.html title Introduction Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity Merck Manual Professional work accessdate 2008 11 29 ref Examples include Zinc deficiency Iron deficiency medicine Iron deficiency Magnesium deficiency medicine Magnesium deficiency References reflist Nutritional pathology Category Mineral deficiencies medicine stub ... more details
Image Ch4 kinases.jpg thumb 250px right Protein phosphorylation A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies ... genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2 of all human genes. ref name pmid12471243 cite journal author Manning G, Whyte DB. et al. title The protein kinase complement ... to 30 of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority ... H white . The chemical activity of a kinase involves transferring a phosphate group from a nucleoside ... dual specificity kinase s act on all three. ref cite journal author Dhanasekaran N, Premkumar Reddy ... kinases that phosphorylate other amino acids, including histidine kinase s that phosphorylate ... is highly regulated. Kinases are turned on or off by phosphorylation sometimes by the kinase itself ... relative to their substrates. Structure main Protein kinase domain The catalytic subunits of many ... cite journal author Hanks SK title Genomic analysis of the eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily ... cite journal author Hanks SK, Hunter T title Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily kinase catalytic domain structure and classification journal FASEB J. volume 9 issue 8 ... 7768349 issn ref ref name pmid1835513 cite journal author Hunter T title Protein kinase classification ... kinase catalytic domain sequence database identification of conserved features of primary structure ... Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate dependent protein kinase ... science.1862342 url issn ref Protein kinase groups The human protein kinase family is divided into the following groups AGC kinases containing Protein kinase A PKA , Protein kinase c PKC and Protein kinase g PKG . CaM Kinase CaM kinases containing the calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinases. Ck1 CK1 containing the casein kinase 1 group. CMGC containing Cyclin dependent kinase CDK , MAPK , GSK3 ... kinases. Tyrosine kinase TK containing the tyrosine kinases. TKL containing the tyrosine kinase like ... more details
Potassium deficiency has two different contexts For the medical condition in humans, see hypokalemia Potassium deficiency plants , the disease in plants disambig ... more details
. ref name Dzeja 2009 Disease relevance Nucleoside diphosphate kinasedeficiency Nucleoside diphosphate ... kinase performed dual enzymatic functions. ADK complements nucleoside diphosphate kinasedeficiency ... nucleoside diphosphate kinasedeficiency in nucleotide metabolism. journal Proc Natl Acad ... ref Hemolytic anemia Adenylate kinasedeficiency in the erythrocyte is associated with hemolytic ... first7 H. last8 Miwa first8 S. last9 Sakurai first9 M. title Human adenylate kinasedeficiency associated ... West first5 C. last6 Beutler first6 E. title Red cell adenylate kinasedeficiency molecular study ... adenylate kinasedeficiency due to homozygous A G substitution at codon 164 of human AK1 gene associated ... Westwood first7 B. title Metabolic compensation for profound erythrocyte adenylate kinasedeficiency ... Kinase 2 AK2 deficiency in humans causes hematopoietic defects associated with sensorineural deafness ... adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes a profound hematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural ... Wieringa first7 B. title Adenylate kinase 1 deficiency induces molecular and structural adaptations ... is associated with plastidial adenylate kinasedeficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana . ref name Carrari .... last8 Fernie first8 AR. title Deficiency of a plastidial adenylate kinase in Arabidopsis results in elevated ...Pfam box Symbol ADK Name Adenylate kinase image Adenylate kinase 2C95.png width caption 3D ribbon surface model of adenylate kinase in complex with bis adenosine teraphosphate ADP ADP Pfam PF00406 InterPro ... kinase Pfam PF05191 Pfam clan InterPro IPR007862 SMART PROSITE PDOC00104 MEROPS SCOP 1ake TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Adenylate kinase EC number 2.7.4.3 also known as ADK or myokinase is a phosphotransferase ... constants, search for adenylate kinase under enzymes ref Thus, the G sup o sup for this reaction ... to keep Adenosine triphosphate ATP levels high due to the combined action of adenylate kinase and the controls ... from beef heart mitochondria. Extensive homology with cytosolic adenylate kinase journal Eur ... more details
In medicine , a deficiency is a lack or shortage of a functional entity, by less than normal or necessary supply or function. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com deficiency TheFreeDictionary deficiency . Citing Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 Miller Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003 ref Nutrients Main Malnutrition Malnutrition can cause various effects by deficiency of one or more nutrients. For example, vitamin A deficiency causes symptoms such as xerophthalmia dry eyes and night blindness. Endogenously produced proteins Deficiencies of endogenously produced proteins such as enzyme s are the underlying mechanisms of almost all genetic disorder s, for example the inborn errors of metabolism . References reflist medicine stub Category Medical terms ... more details
MAT deficiency is a name used to describe two unrelated metabolic disorders Beta ketothiolase deficiency Hypermethioninemia disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
A deficiency judgment is an unsecured money judgment against a borrower whose Mortgage law mortgage foreclosure sale did not produce sufficient funds to pay the underlying promissory note , or loan, in full. ref See also Ballentine s Law Dictionary, p. 133. ref The availability of a deficiency judgment depends on whether the lender has a recourse or nonrecourse loan , which is largely a matter of state law. In some jurisdictions, the original loan s obtained to purchase property is are non recourse, but subsequent refinancing of a first mortgage and or acquisition of a 2nd 3rd., etc. are recourse loans. In short, many jurisdictions hold that the loans obtained at the acquisition of a property purchase money are non recourse, and most if not all subsequent loans are. States that follow the title trust deed theory of mortgages typically allow non judicial foreclosure procedures, which are fast, but do not allow deficiency judgments. States that follow the lien theory of mortgages require judiciary foreclosure procedures, but allow deficiency judgments against the debtor. It is important to note that there is a difference between a deficiency and a deficiency judgement. A deficiency is the difference between the amount owed on a loan and the total amount received collected at the closing of a loan. A deficiency judgment is a court judgment that is a public record of the amount owed and by whom. References references See also Bankruptcy Foreclosure Mortgage law Real estate Category Judgment law Category Bankruptcy Category Judicial remedies Category Property law US law stub ja ... more details
A micronutrient deficiency or trace mineral deficiency is a Physiological plant disorders physiological plant disorder which occurs when a micronutrient is deficient in the soil in which a plant grows. Micronutrients are distinguished from macronutrient s such as nitrogen , phosphorus , and potassium by the relatively low quantities needed by the plant. It also represents a human physiological disorder which occurs when a person s diet does not contain required nutrients and or when illnesses such as diarrhoea or malaria cause rapid loss of nutrients through feces or vomit. ref http jn.nutrition.org content 132 7 2117S.full The Development of Concepts of Malnutrition , Journal of Nutrition, 132 2117S 2122S, July 1, 2002. ref Untreated, sub clinical deficiencies can manifest as serious physical disabilities or life threatening disorders, such as Beriberi thiamine deficiency , scurvy vitamin C or xerophthalmia vitamin A . ref http www.fao.org righttofood KC downloads vl docs AH529.pdf Entitlement Failure from a Food Quality Perspective The Life and Death Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Humanitarian Crises. Patrick Webb and Andrew Thorne Lyman, World Institute for Development Economics ..., UCLA. Topic 5.1 Symptoms of Deficiency In Essential Minerals. Sinauer Publishing. ref Nutrient ... trace mineral deficiencies include Boron deficiency plant disorder boron deficiency , Calcium deficiency plant disorder calcium deficiency , Iron deficiency plant disorder iron deficiency , magnesium deficiency , and Manganese deficiency plant manganese deficiency . List of essential trace minerals ... regulation. Boron deficiency will often result in bud dieback. Calcium Chlorine is necessary ... of copper deficiency include browning of leaf tips and chlorosis. Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis, which is why an iron deficiency results in chlorosis . Manganese activates some important .... Symptoms of zinc deficiency include chlorosis and stunted growth. See also Plant nutrition References ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Aldolase A deficiency Image Caption DiseasesDB 29873 ICD10 ICD10 E 74 1 e 70 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 611881 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Aldolase A deficiency , also called ALDOA deficiency and red cell aldolase deficiency , ref OMIM 611881 ref is an autosomal recessive ref cite journal pmid 2825199 year 1987 month December author Kishi H, Mukai T, Hirono A, Fujii H, Miwa S, Hori K title Human aldolase A deficiency associated with a hemolytic anemia thermolabile aldolase due to a single base mutation volume 84 issue 23 pages 8623 8627 issn 0027 8424 pmc 299598 journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America format Free full text doi 10.1073 pnas.84.23.8623 ref metabolic disorder resulting in a deficiency of the enzyme aldolase A , which is found predominantly in muscle and red blood cell s. It may lead to myopathy , exercise intolerance and rhabdomyolysis associated with hemolytic anaemia . Image autorecessive.svg thumb right Aldolase A deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance . References reflist Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Category Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Category Autosomal recessive disorders Category Red blood cell disorders Category Rare diseases endocrine disease stub ... more details
In the United States, deficiency payments are direct government payments made to farmers who participated in annual commodity programs for wheat, feed grains, rice, or cotton, prior to 1996. The crop specific deficiency payment rate was based on the difference between the legislatively set target price and the lower national average market price during a specified time. The total payment was equal to the payment rate, multiplied by a farm s eligible payment acreage and the program payment yield established for the particular farm. In the latter years of the program, farmers could receive up to one half of their projected deficiency payments at program signup. If actual deficiency payments, which were determined after the crop year, were less than advance deficiency payments, the farmer was required to reimburse the government for the difference, except for zero, 50 85 92 payments. The 1996 farm bill P.L. 107 171 eliminated deficiency payments and replaced them with production flexibility contract payments . The 2002 farm bill P.L. 101 171, Sec. 1104 reinstituted deficiency payments as counter cyclical payments with somewhat different payment calculations. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
phosphorylate phosphofructokinase 2 phosphatase activating it phosphorylate pyruvatekinase inhibiting ...In cell biology , Protein kinase A PKA refers to a family of enzyme s whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP cAMP . PKA is also known as cAMP dependent protein kinase EC number 2.7.11.11 . Protein kinase A has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen , sugar , and lipid metabolism . It should neither be confused with AMP activated protein kinase which, although ... R, Li H, et al. title AMP activated protein kinase inhibits alkaline pH and PKA induced apical vacuolar ... File CAMP.svg thumb 120px cAMP Downregulation of protein kinase A occurs by a feedback mechanism One of the substrates that are subject THAT, whose antecedent is SUBSTRATES, is plural activated by the kinase ... that can activate protein kinase A. Thus, PKA is controlled by cyclic adenosine monophosphate ... regulatory subunits of protein kinase A are important for localizing the kinase inside the cell. With the aid of A kinase anchoring protein A kinase anchor protein AKAP , AKAP binds both to the regulatory ... kinase A would sometimes couple with the AKAP, binding PKA with phosphodiesterase to form a complex ... phosphorylate glycogen phosphorylase via phosphorylase kinase activating it ref name Rang172 ... In adipocytes and hepatocytes Adrenaline and glucagon affect the activity of protein kinase A by changing ... Kinase A acts to phosphorylate many enzymes important in metabolism. For example, protein kinase A phosphorylates acetyl CoA carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase . Such covalent modification has ... like drugs date 2007 02 24 accessdate 2010 05 22 ref See also Protein kinase Signal transduction G protein coupled receptor Serine threonine specific protein kinase Myosin light chain kinase cAMP dependent ... http www.sdbonline.org fly newgene pka c1.htm Drosophila cAMP dependent protein kinase 1 The Interactive ... A de Proteinkinase A es PKA fr Prot ine kinase A it Protein chinasi A he A ru ... more details
kinase PGK deficiency is associated with haemolytic anaemia and mental disorders in humans. ref name PUB00006482 cite journal author Yoshida A, Tani K title Phosphoglycerate kinase abnormalities functional ...enzyme Name Phosphoglycerate kinase EC number 2.7.2.3 CAS number 9001 83 6 IUBMB EC number 2 7 2 3 GO code 0004618 image Phosphoglycerate kinase 3PGK wpmp.png width caption Pfam box Symbol PGK Name Phosphoglycerate kinase image PDB 3pgk EBI.jpg width caption Structure of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. ref name pmid6765200 cite journal author Watson HC, Walker NP, Shaw PJ, et al. title Sequence and structure of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase journal EMBO J. volume 1 issue 12 pages 1635 40 year 1982 pmid 6765200 pmc 553262 doi url ref Pfam PF00162 InterPro IPR001576 SMART Prosite PDOC00102 SCOP 3pgk TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB2 13pk , PDB2 16pk , PDB2 1fw8 , PDB2 1hdi , PDB2 1kf0 , PDB2 1ltk , PDB2 1php , PDB2 1qpg , PDB2 1v6s , PDB2 1vjc , PDB2 1vjd , PDB2 1vpe , PDB2 1zmr , PDB2 2p9q , PDB2 2p9t , PDB2 2paa , PDB2 2zgv , PDB2 3c39 , PDB2 3c3a , PDB2 3c3b , PDB2 3c3c , PDB2 3pgk Phosphoglycerate kinase is a transferase enzyme used in the seventh step of glycolysis . In glycolysis , it transfers a phosphate group from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate to Adenosine diphosphate ADP to form adenosine triphosphate ATP and 3 phosphoglycerate . Phosphoglycerate kinase EC number 2.7.2.3 PGK is an enzyme that catalyses the formation of Adenosine triphosphate ATP to Adenosine diphosphate ADP and vice versa. In the second step of the second phase in glycolysis, 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate is converted ... D, Gaillard Miran S, Perahia D, Mouawad L title Flexibility and folding of phosphoglycerate kinase ... protein Name phosphoglycerate kinase 1 caption image width HGNCid 8896 Symbol PGK1 AltSymbols ... q Band 13.3 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name phosphoglycerate kinase 2 caption image width HGNCid ... 858783685 MeshName Phosphoglycerate kinase http www.biochem.arizona.edu classes bioc462 462a ... more details
Infobox disease Name Myeloperoxidase deficiency Image Hypochlorous acid 3D vdW.png Caption Hypochlorous acid is normally produced by myeloperoxidase DiseasesDB 8662 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 254600 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 1530 MeshID Myeloperoxidase deficiency is a common genetic disorder featuring deficiency, either in quantity or function, of myeloperoxidase , an enzyme found in certain phagocyte phagocytic immune cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocyte s. It can appear similar to chronic granulomatous disease on some screening tests. ref name pmid17384005 cite journal author Mauch L, Lun A, O Gorman MR, et al. title Chronic granulomatous disease CGD and complete myeloperoxidase deficiency both yield strongly reduced dihydrorhodamine 123 test signals but can be easily discerned in routine testing for CGD journal Clin. Chem. volume 53 issue 5 pages 890 6 year 2007 month May pmid 17384005 doi 10.1373 clinchem.2006.083444 url http www.clinchem.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17384005 ref Presentation Although MPO deficiency classically presents with immune deficiency especially candida albicans infections , the majority of individuals with MPO deficiency show no signs of immunodeficiency. The lack of severe symptoms suggest that role of myeloperoxidase in the immune response must be redundant to other mechanisms of intracellular killing of phagocytosed bacteria. ref Levinson, Warren. Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 8th ed. Lange 2004. ref Patients with MPO deficiency have a respiratory burst with a normal Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride nitro blue tetrazolium NBT test because they still have NADPH oxidase activity, but do not form bleach due to their lack of myeloperoxidase activity. This is in contrast to chronic granulomatous disease in which the NBT test is positive due to the lack of NADPH oxidase activity positive test result means neutrophils fail to turn blue . References reflist Myeloid and complement immunodeficiency Category Enzyme ... more details
Infobox disease Name Vitamin B sub 6 sub deficiency Image Pyridoxine structure ver2.svg Caption Pyridoxine DiseasesDB 13923 ICD10 ICD10 E 53 1 e 50 ICD9 ICD9 266.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1977 MeshID D026681 Pyridoxine deficiency also known as B sub 6 sub deficiency is a paediatric disease due to a lack of pyridoxine or vitamin B sub 6 sub . It usually becomes noticeable within the first 12 months of life in infants with a lack of pyridoxine, a coenzyme responsible for numerous essential metabolism metabolic reactions in humans. It is rarely observed, even in developing countries. ref name TCN cite book title Textbook of Child Neurology last Menkes first John H year 1980 publisher Henry Kimpton Publishers isbn 0 8121 0661 X ref ref name andrews Andrews Diseases of the Skin, 10th Edition, Elsevier. ref Symptoms The disease presents with several key symptoms including seizures , irritability , cheilitis inflammation of the lips , conjunctivitis and neurologic symptoms. In patients receiving isoniazid, pyridoxine deficiency can lead to a sideroblastic anemia because pyridoxine is a required cofactor in heme synthesis. Rare forms main pyridoxine dependent ... been speculated that the cause of seizures in pyridoxine deficiency lies with abnormalities in the normal ... also been documented as a symptom. ref name TCN Causes The main cause of pyridoxine deficiency is a lack of pyridoxine in the diet. Another cause of vitamin B sub 6 sub deficiency is the use of the tuberculosis ... to alpha ketoglutaric acid are both impaired in animals when suffering from pyridoxine deficiency. ref ... Diagnosis Pyridoxine deficiency is a very rare condition, even in developing countries. A handful of cases ... test for pyridoxine deficiency can be ascertained by measuring erythrocyte levels of aspartate ... deficiency lies with replacing the missing vitamin. Penicillamine or hydrazide s, such as isoniazid , are rarely used due to their ability to provoke deficiency symptoms. ref name TCN References ... more details
Infobox Disease Name IgG deficiency Image IgG molecular surface.jpg Caption Immunoglobulin G DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 D 80 3 d 80 ICD9 ICD9 279.03 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1161 MeshID D017099 IgG deficiency Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin G is a form of dysgammaglobulinemia where the proportional levels of IgG are reduced relative to other immunoglobulin . It is possible to have a deficiency of one or more specific subclass es of IgG. ref name pmid12803653 cite journal author Barton JC, Bertoli LF, Acton RT title HLA A and B alleles and haplotypes in 240 index patients with common variable immunodeficiency and selective IgG subclass deficiency in central Alabama journal BMC Med. Genet. volume 4 pages 3 year 2003 month June pmid 12803653 pmc 166147 doi 10.1186 1471 2350 4 3 url http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2350 4 3 ref ref name pmid12049826 cite journal author Dhooge IJ, van Kempen MJ, Sanders LA, Rijkers GT title Deficient IgA and IgG2 anti pneumococcal antibody levels and response to vaccination in otitis prone children journal Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. volume 64 issue 2 pages 133 41 year 2002 month June pmid 12049826 doi 10.1016 S0165 5876 02 00068 X url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S016558760200068X ref References reflist Immune disorders Category Predominantly antibody de ciencies medicine stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Mo TableImage.png Caption Molybdenum DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 E 61 5 e 50 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Molybdenum deficiency refers to the clinical consequences of inadequate supplies of molybdenum in the diet. The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually doesn t occur in natural settings. ref name urlLinus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University cite web url http lpi.oregonstate.edu infocenter minerals molybdenum title Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University format work accessdate 2008 11 29 ref However, it can occur in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition . ref name pmid8302261 cite journal author Sardesai VM title Molybdenum an essential trace element journal Nutr Clin Pract volume 8 issue 6 pages 277 81 year 1993 month December pmid 8302261 doi 10.1177 0115426593008006277 url ref ref name urlMolybdenum Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity Merck Manual Professional cite web url http www.merck.com mmpe sec01 ch005 ch005h.html title Molybdenum Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity Merck Manual Professional format work accessdate 2008 11 29 ref See also molybdenum cofactor deficiency References reflist medicine stub Nutritional pathology Category Mineral deficiencies ... more details
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