In computing , a line number is a method used to specify a particular sequence of characters in a text file . The most common method of assigning numbers to lines is to assign every line text file line a unique number, starting at 1 for the first line, and incrementing by 1 for each successive line. In the C programming language C programming language the line number of a source code line is one greater than the number of new line characters read or introduced up to that point. ref cite web url http c0x.coding guidelines.com 6.10.4.html title 6.10.4 Line control date 2008 01 30 accessdate 2008 07 03 author ref Line numbers were a required element of syntax in some older programming languages such as GW BASIC . ref name GBvsQB cite web url http support.microsoft.com kb 73084 title Differences Between GW BASIC and QBasic date 2003 05 12 accessdate 2008 06 28 author ref The primary reason for this is that most operating systems at the time lacked interactive text editors since the programmer s interface was usually limited to a line editor , line numbers provided a mechanism by which specific lines in the source code could be referenced for editing, and by which the programmer could insert a new line at a specific point. Line numbers also provided a convenient means of distinguishing between code to be entered into the program and direct mode commands to be executed immediately when entered by the user which do not have line numbers . Largely due to the prevalence of interactive text editing in modern operating system s, line numbers are not a feature of most programming languages. Line numbers and style It was a matter of programming style , if not outright necessity, in these languages to leave gaps between successive line numbers i.e., a programmer would use the sequence 10, 20, 30, rather than 1, 2, 3, . This permitted the programmer to insert a line of code at a later time. For example, if a line of code between lines 20 and 30 was left out, the programm ... more details
primary sources date July 2008 File Hoban logo.jpg thumb Bishop Hoban High School Bishop Hoban High School was a Roman Catholic high school of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton Diocese of Scranton , located in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania . The school was founded in 1971, and the new building opened in 1972 after the Agnes flood. The school was named after Most Rev. Michael J. Hoban, second Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton List of Bishops Bishop of Scranton 1899 1926 . Bishop Hoban s colors were green and gold, and the school s nickname was the Argents. The last graduating class of Bishop Hoban graduated on May 24, 2007. Bishop Hoban High School closed on July 1, 2007, and became part of a consolidation of the four diocesan high schools of Luzerne County see below . The building now houses Holy Redeemer High School . The largest high school of the Diocese of Scranton, Bishop Hoban had an annual enrollment of around 650 grades 9 through 12 with nearly 60 faculty and administrators. The school was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools . Academics The curriculum required four years of English and Theology, one year of Western Civilization, two years of American History, three years of Natural Science, three years of Mathematics, two years of a modern or classical language, and a physical education course each year. Many electives were also offered, such as art and music several , Journalism, QBASIC , C Programming, Law Education, Accounting, Survey of Dramatic Literature, Environmental Science, and Statistics. Many Advanced Placement AP courses were offered, in subjects such as English Literature, American History, American Government, Chemistry, Java language Java Programming, Psychology, and Studio Art. Bishop Hoban maintained a cooperative agreement with Wilkes University to allow interested, qualified students to pursue college level Calculus courses there during their senior year. A large portion of the faculty held masters degre ... more details
Infobox Software name E caption E with Help developer IBM released June 1993 latest release version latest release date 1994 11 17 operating system PC DOS PC DOS , OS 2 platform IBM PC compatible genre Text editor E is the text editor which was made part of PC DOS PC DOS with version 6.1 in June 1993, ref cite web title PC DOS Version 6.10 url http www.16bitos.com 610pc.htm publisher 16bitos.com accessdate 2007 04 03 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070403071409 http www.16bitos.com 610pc.htm archivedate 2007 04 03 ref and later with version 7 ref cite web title PC DOS Version 7.0 url http www.16bitos.com 70pc.htm publisher 16bitos.com accessdate 2007 04 03 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070403071409 http www.16bitos.com 70pc.htm archivedate 2007 04 03 ref and PC DOS 2000. ref cite web title PC DOS 2000 url http www.16bitos.com 2kpc.htm publisher 16bitos.com accessdate 2007 04 03 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070403071409 http www.16bitos.com 2kpc.htm archivedate 2007 04 03 ref In version 6.1, IBM dropped QBASIC , which, in its edit mode, was also the system text editor. It was necessary to provide some sort of editor, so IBM chose to adapt and substantially extend its OS 2 System Editor 1986 , ref cite web title Software Prototypes and Implementations url http evolutionarymedia.com davis resume software.htm os2sysed author Davis Foulger accessdate 2007 01 12 ref a minimally functional member of the E family of Editors. ref cite web title Software Prototypes and Implementations url http evolutionarymedia.com davis resume software.htm efamily author Davis Foulger accessdate 2007 01 12 ref The DOS version is extended with a wide array of functions that are usually associated with more functional versions of the E editor family see below . In version 7, IBM added the REXX language to DOS, restoring programmability to the basic box. IBM also provided E with OS 2 . Features The features include for PC DOS 7 online help edit large text files draw boxes ... more details
About the Microsoft programming language the GPL programming language SmallBASIC Infobox Software name Microsoft Small Basic screenshot File Small Basic.png 240px caption Small Basic running on Windows 7 author Microsoft DevLabs developer Microsoft DevLabs released 2008 latest release version Microsoft Small Basic v1.0 latest release date 12th July 2011 programming language Microsoft .Net 3.5 operating system Microsoft Windows platform Microsoft Windows genre Integrated development environment website http www.smallbasic.com Microsoft Small Basic is a simplified variant of the BASIC programming language introduced by Microsoft in October 2008. With a bare minimum of concepts, Microsoft accredits this as an easy programming language for beginners to grasp. The language itself has only 14 keywords, ref http msdn.microsoft.com en us devlabs cc950524.aspx Microsoft Small Basic Home Page ref and the environment is beginner friendly, with a straightforward interface. Small Basic Version 1.0 12 June 2011 ref http blogs.msdn.com b smallbasic archive 2011 07 12 small basic 1 0 is here.aspx Small Basic 1.0 Released ref was released with an updated Microsoft MSDN website that included several new Small Basic guides for beginners through a partnership with ComputerScienceForKids.com. The published Small Basic guides include a complete Developer s Reference Guide, a Beginning Small Basic tutorial, and a republished classic programming book by David H. Ahl. ref http msdn.microsoft.com en us beginner hh308208.aspx Small Basic Programming Books ref Microsoft Small Basic was designed by Microsoft DevLabs and released as a Technology Preview ref http msdn.microsoft.com en us devlabs cc950527.aspx About DevLabs ref in October 2008. Its intended audience is anyone looking to begin programming, including children and beginner adults as well. Language The actual language is a modified version of Microsoft s QBasic language, but ported over to the .Net Framework . The traditional Hello Wo ... more details
VG Strategy dynamic list seealso List of strategy video games This is a list of artillery game s, sorted chronologically. Information regarding date of release, developer, platform, setting and notability is provided when available. The table can be sorted by clicking on the small boxes next to the column headings. Legend vgclegend notes no col 3 tot 38 AMI AMI32 ATR26 BROW C64 CLV CROSS DC DOS DS GB GBA GBC GCN GEN JAG LIN MAC MOBI N64 NGE ODY2 OSX PPC PS1 PS2 PS3 PSP SAT SNES ST UNIX Wii WIN XBLA XBLIG XBOX X360 List class wikitable sortable style font size 85 width 5 Year width 30 Game width 20 Developer width 15 Platform width 30 Notes 1976 Artillery game Artillery Mike Forman Various 1977 War 3 M. E. Lyon and Brian West Various Home computer version of Artillery . 1979 Artillery 3 M. E. Lyon and Brian West Various Revised version of War 3 1981 Stone Sling Videopac game Stone Sling Philips ODY2 1983 Artillery Duel Xonox ATR26, C64, CLV, VIC20 1986 Tank Wars Cody Snider Various 1987 Ballerburg Eckhard Kruse ST 1990 Tank Wars aka BOMB Kenneth Morse DOS 1990 Gravity Wars Ed Bartz AMI, DOS, MAC 1991 Gorillas computer game Gorillas Microsoft DOS Example program for QBasic 1991 Scorched Earth computer game Scorched Earth Wendell Hicken DOS 1993 Scorched Tanks Michael Welch AMI 1995 Worms 1995 video game Worms Team17 Software Team17 AMI, AMI32, DOS, GB, GEN, JAG, MAC, PS1, SAT, SNES 1995 Worms Reinforcements Team17 Software Team17 AMI Expansion to Worms 1995 video game Worms . 1996 Death Tank Ezra Dreisbach SAT Mini game in PowerSlave . 1996 Death Tank Zwei Ezra Dreisbach SAT Mini game in Duke Nukem 3D . 1996 Genocide computer game Genocide PyroSoft DOS 1996 Worms & Reinforcements United Team17 Software Team17 AMI Rerelease of Worms 1995 video game Worms and Worms Reinforcements . 1997 MoleZ FRACTiLE Games FRACTiLE DOS 1997 Worms The Director s Cut Team17 Software Team17 AMI Enhanced remake of Worms 1995 video game Worms . 1997 Worms 2 Team17 Software Team17 WIN Sequel ... more details
Oneref date June 2009 Image Spaghetti.jpg thumb 175px A bowl of spaghetti looks twisted and tangled, which is where the name for spaghetti code comes from. Spaghetti code is a pejorative term for source code that has a complex and tangled control structure , especially one using many Goto GOTO s, exceptions, threads, or other unstructured Branch computer science branching constructs. It is named such because program flow tends to look like a bowl of spaghetti, i.e. twisted and tangled. Spaghetti code can be caused by several factors, including inexperienced programmers and a complex program which has been continuously modified over a long life cycle. Structured programming greatly decreased the incidence of spaghetti code. Examples Below is what would be considered a trivial example of spaghetti code in BASIC programming language BASIC . The program prints the numbers 1 to 10 to the screen along with their square. Notice that indentation is not used to differentiate the various actions performed by the code, and that the program s code Goto GOTO code statements create a reliance on line number s. Also observe the unpredictable way the flow of execution jumps from one area to another. Real world occurrences of spaghetti code are more complex and can add greatly to a program s maintenance costs. source lang qbasic 10 i 0 20 i i 1 30 PRINT i squared i i 40 IF i 10 THEN GOTO 60 50 GOTO 20 60 PRINT Program Completed. 70 END source Here is the same code written in a structured programming style source lang qbasic 10 FOR i 1 TO 10 20 PRINT i squared i i 30 NEXT i 40 PRINT Program Completed. 50 END source The program jumps from one area to another but this jumping is predictable and formal. This is because using for loop s and Subroutine functions are standard ways of providing control flow flow control whereas the goto statement encourages arbitrary flow control. Though this example is small, real world programs are composed of many lines of code and are difficult to maint ... more details
game Nibbles was included with MS DOS for a period of time as a QBasic sample program. An joystick ... Nibbles computer game Nibbles MS DOS QBasic some versions of suse linux Omega Snake Texas Instruments ... more details
platform s, and software applications Microsoft s QBASIC , BASICA , and GW BASIC all feature ... document title QBasic manual year 1991 publisher Microsoft Corporation postscript None ref ref Cite ... more details
lang QBasic 5 LET S 0 10 MAT INPUT V 20 LET N NUM 30 IF N 0 THEN 99 40 FOR I 1 TO N 45 LET ... and Ritchie . syntaxhighlight lang QBasic 10 PRINT Hello, World 140 END syntaxhighlight This generally ... with minimal changes syntaxhighlight lang QBasic 10 INPUT What is your name , U 20 PRINT Hello ... GW BASIC and QBasic date 2003 05 12 accessdate 2008 06 28 author ref syntaxhighlight lang QBasic ... more details
Infobox programming language name PowerBASIC released Start date 1989 developer Robert Bob Zale influenced by Turbo Basic website http www.powerbasic.com Image PowerBasic screen shot.png right px 280 thumb alt Screenshot of PowerBasic for Windows 9.0. Screenshot of PowerBasic for Windows 9.0 IDE and an example compiled Windows GUI. PowerBASIC is the brand of several commercial compiler s by Venice, Florida based PowerBASIC Inc. that compile a dialect of the BASIC programming language . The DOS versions have a syntax similar to that of QBasic and QuickBASIC , while the Windows versions use a standard BASIC syntax that can be combined with calls to the Windows API similar to other Windows programming languages. The first version was published as BASIC Z. Later, it was distributed by Borland as Turbo Basic , and since 1989, it has been known as PowerBASIC. ref cite news url http www.accessmylibrary.com coms2 summary 0286 28422911 ITM title PowerBASIC makes smooth move Tech company finds region s affordability attractive. publisher Sarasota Herald Tribune October , 2000 accessdate 2008 03 12 last first date 2000 10 10 ref ref Cite book title PC Based Instrumentation and Control author Michael H. Tooley year 2005 publisher Elsevier pages 214 isbn 0 7506 4716 7 ref History The first version was published as BASIC Z, the very first interactive compiler for CP M and MDOS. Later, it was extended to MS DOS PC DOS, and in 1987, Borland published it as Turbo Basic . In 1990, it was reborn as PowerBASIC. ref http www.powerbasic.com aboutpb.asp ref Compilers PowerBASIC programs are self contained and do not need a runtime file to execute. In all versions of the compiler the applications compile with no external libraries. PowerBASIC for DOS PBDos PBDOS includes an Integrated development environment Integrated Development Environment IDE and supports DOS 3.30 and all later versions. ref http www.powerbasic.com products pbdos PowerBASIC 3.5 for DOS ref PowerBASIC Console Compiler P ... more details
Refimprove date November 2009 CipherSaber is a simple symmetric encryption Protocol computing protocol based on the RC4 stream cipher. Its goals are both technical and politics political it gives reasonably strong protection of message confidentiality, yet it s designed to be simple enough that even novice programmer s can memorize the algorithm and implement it from scratch. According to the designer, a CipherSaber version in the QBASIC programming language takes just sixteen lines of code. Its political aspect is that because it s so simple, it can be reimplemented anywhere at any time, and so it provides a way for users to communicate privately even if government or other controls make distribution of normal cryptographic software completely impossible. History and Purpose CipherSaber was invented by Arnold Reinhold to keep strong cryptography in the hands of the public. Many governments have implemented legal restrictions on who can use cryptography, and many more have proposed them. By publicizing details on a secure yet easy to program encryption algorithm, Reinhold hopes to keep encryption technology accessible to everyone. Unlike programs like Pretty Good Privacy PGP which are distributed as convenient to use prewritten software, Reinhold publishes CipherSaber only as a specification. The specification is intended to be so simple that even a beginning programmer can implement it easily. As the CipherSaber web site http ciphersaber.gurus.org explains In George Lucas Star Wars trilogy, Jedi Knight s were expected to make their own lightsaber light saber s. The message was clear a warrior confronted by a powerful empire bent on totalitarian control must be self reliant. As we face a real threat of a ban on the distribution of strong cryptography, in the United States and possibly world wide, we should emulate the Jedi masters by learning how to build strong cryptography programs all by ourselves. If this can be done, strong cryptography will become impossible t ... more details
Active Scripting formerly known as ActiveX Scripting is the technology used in Microsoft Windows Windows to implement component based scripting support. It is based on Component Object Model COM more precisely, OLE Automation and allows installation of additional scripting engines in the form of COM modules. Uses and history The Active Scripting technologies were first released in 1996, with the release of the Internet Explorer 3 Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 August 1996 and Internet Information Services 3.0 products December 1996 . Usual applications of Active Scripting include Active Server Pages ASP Server side scripting server scripts , Internet Explorer , and Windows Script Host WSH scripts automating routine tasks, including use for login scripts, Windows Registry Registry manipulation, and the like. Other administrative uses include Windows Management Instrumentation and Active Directory Service Interfaces. Active Scripting can also be used for general purpose scripting, such as database programming, text processing, rapid prototyping, and application macro scripting programming some applications use Active Scripting as the main automation method, others do not have a macro facility but the components are available for use via the API or one may opt to add a language and or tool not available by default, like programming Microsoft Excel in Perl or REXX rather than Visual Basic for Applications VBA or transferring data from a terminal emulator to word processor by way of a spreadsheet when they have dissimilar macro tools or none at all. For many of the above uses, Active Scripting is an addition to Windows which could be said to be similar to the functionality of Unix shell scripts, as well as an incrementation upon batch files command.com , Windows NT style shell scripts cmd.exe and can even be said to be, by way of VBScript , the replacement for QBasic which was last available on the supplementary disc for Windows 95. The majority of the languages used fo ... more details
Infobox programming language name Basic4GL logo Image Basic4GL Banner.jpg Basic4GL Logo paradigm Procedural language Procedural year 2002 developer Tom Mulgrew latest release version v2.5.8 latest release date 31 December 2008 dialects BASIC influenced by QuickBASIC , GW BASIC GW BASIC operating system Microsoft Windows Windows , Linux license Gpl website http www.basic4gl.net Basic4GL B4GL from Basic for openGL is an interpreted language interpreted , open source version of the BASIC programming language which features support for 3D computer graphics using OpenGL . While being interpreted, it is also able to Compiler compile programs on top of the virtual machine to produce standalone executable programs. It uses a syntax of programming languages syntax similar to traditional dialects of BASIC and features an integrated development environment IDE and a very thorough and comprehensive debugger . Basic4GL is not designed to compete with programming languages such as C it was intended to replace older languages such as QBasic or GFA BASIC . Basic4GL features the usual commands that you would expect to find in a version of BASIC such as... PRINT INPUT GOSUB It also includes a few features that C programming language C programmers will be familiar with, such as support for Pointer computer programming pointers , struct ures and most importantly the entire OpenGL v1.1 Api API . History Tom Mulgrew created Basic4GL from a desire to be able to run OpenGL functions easily and quickly, ref name history cite web last Mulgrew first Tom title Any Questions? url http basic4gl.proboards.com index.cgi?action display&board general&thread 1984&page 1 12442 publisher ProBoards accessdate 14 June 2011 ref without all of the setup normally required in a language such as c and be more stable. He built a virtual machine similar to one used at his workplace. It started simply, with few OpenGL functions and minimal other functionality. The first version was relatively popular. ref name h ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Extreme Warfare is a series of professional wrestling management text sim ulators created by United Kingdom British programmer Adam Ryland for the personal computer PC since 1995. Games in the series Classic Extreme Warfare Ryland originally developed Extreme Warfare as a collectible card game with a wrestling theme. Due to complexity and set up time it was decided a computer format would be more suitable. The first Extreme Warfare on the PC now called Extreme Warfare 1 was programmed in 1995 in QBasic . This game was a simple simulator, where one could decide what matches were to take place and who was going to win them but also involved some simple financial elements, such as the wages of wrestlers. Due to limitations in QBasic, Ryland moved the series over to Turbo Pascal where further incarnations of the game were created, including Extreme Warfare 2 Extreme Warfare 2000 Extreme Warfare 2001 Extreme Warfare 2002 Extreme Warfare 5000 Extreme Warfare 6000 Extreme Warfare 7500 Extreme Warfare 9000 Each version of the game was an upgrade of the previous and continually built on the ideas of List of professional wrestling terms B booking matches and running the business side of a professional wrestling promotion . Currently, only games from 2002 to 9000 can be found on the Internet for download. After release of EW 9000, Extreme Warfare met its main rival. A game called Promotion Wars was released by fellow British programmer Adam Jennings programmer Adam Jennings , taking some inspiration from both Extreme Warfare 9000 and Championship Manager series Championship Manager . After the game s release, some of Extreme Warfare s fan base shifted their interest over to this game when released in October 2000. Extreme Warfare Deluxe On April 1, 2001, Extreme Warfare Deluxe EWD was released. This was a significant game in the series in that it was the first game in a while to be built by scratch instead of an upgrade of which the previous games ... more details
. Aims at full compatibility with Microsoft QBasic and QuickBASIC. QBasic DOS on the IBM PC compatible ... on the IBM PC compatible PC &mdash By Microsoft . Extended QBasic variant to be more precise, QBasic is a reduced QuickBASIC Translated from de Basicdialekte . Was the commercial version of Qbasic ... more details
QBASIC and DOS Editor. Aside from IBM s PC DOS, MS DOS was the only version and OEM editions vanished ..., and PC DOS 6.1 separately developed followed in June. QBasic was dropped and the MS DOS Editor ... more details
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