Quadratic Magnetic Rotation also known as QMR or QMReffect is a type of magneto optic effect, discovered in the mid 1980 s by a team of Ukrainian physicists. QMR, like the Faraday effect , establishes a relationship between the magnetic field and rotation of polarization of the plane of linearly polarized light. In contrast to Faraday effectQMR states the quadratic proportionality between the angle of the rotation of the plane of polarization and the strength of the magnetic field. Mostly QMR can be observed in the transverse geometry when the vector of the magnetic field strength is perpendicular to the direction of light propagation. The first evidence of QMReffect was obtained in the antiferromagnetic crystal of cobalt fluoride in 1985. Considerations of the symmetry of the media, light and axial vector of the magnetic field forbid QMR in non magnetic or magnetically disordered media. Onsager s reciprocal relations generalized for magnetically ordered media eliminate symmetry restrictions for QMR in the media which have lost the center of anti inversion as an operation of symmetry at an ordering of its magnetic subsystem. Despite the fact that some crystal groups of symmetry are devoid of the center of anti inversion, they also don t have QMR because of action of other operators of symmetry. They are eleven groups without the center of anti inversion 432, 43 m, m3m, 422, 4mm, 4 2m, 4 mmm, 622, 6mm, 6 m2 and 6 mmm. Accordingly, the rest of groups of crystal symmetry where QMR can be observed constitutes 27 antiferromagnetic and 31 pyromagnetic crystal classes. QMR is described by fourth order c tensor which is antisymmetrical as to the first two indices. See also Faraday effect Magneto optic effect References N. F. Kharchenko, A. V. Bibik, V. V. Eremenko. Quadratic magnetic rotation of polarization plane of light in antiferromagnetic CoF2. JETP Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 11, p. 553 1985 . Optics stub Category Optics Category Optical phenomena Category Electric and magnetic ... more details
QMR may refer to QMR.fm , an internet radio station A Krylov subspace algorithm The QMReffect disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Distinguish Affect disambiguation wiktionary effectEffect may refer to A result or change of something List of effects Cause and effect, an idiom describing causality In pharmacy and pharmacology Drug effect , a change resulting from the administration of a drug Therapeutic effect , a beneficial change in medical condition, often caused by a drug Adverse effect or side effect, an unwanted change in medical condition caused by a drug Dose response effect, the relationship between a drug dose and its effect, plotted on a dose response curve In media Special effect , an artificial illusion Sound effect , an artificially created or enhanced sound Effects unit , a device used to manipulate electronic sound Effects pedal , a small device attached to an instrument to modify its sound Visual effects , artificially created or enhanced images Miscellaneous Effects, one s personal property or belongings Effects G.I. Joe , a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe Effect size , a measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables Effect system , formal system which describes the computational effects of computer programs Amendments to the constitution of the United States Bill of Rights Amendment IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects ... See also lookfrom intitle Affect disambiguation Effectiveness disambiguation Efficacy Pragmatism , the philosophy of causes and effects Sequence of events disambig cs Efekt da Effekt de Effekt es Causalidad fr Effet homonymie id Efek nl Effect pl Efekt ru sk Efekt th uk ... more details
after people Inverse Faraday effect Optical rotation QMReffect Voigt effect Polarization spectroscopy ...In physics , the Faraday effect or Faraday rotation is a Magneto optic al phenomenon, that is, an interaction between light and a magnetic field in a medium. The Faraday effect causes a rotation of the plane ... field in the direction of propagation. Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, the Faraday effect ... in the 1860s and 1870s. This effect occurs in most optically Transparency optics transparent dielectric materials including liquids under the influence of magnetic field s. The Faraday effect causes ... of opposite handedness and different phase, the effect of a relative Phase waves phase shift, induced by the Faraday effect, is to rotate the orientation of a wave s linear polarization. The Faraday effect has a few applications in measuring instruments. For instance, the Faraday effect has been used to measure optical rotatory power and for remote sensing of magnetic fields. The Faraday effect ... intended to find some effect on light from electric and magnetic fields, and succeeded. quotation ... magnetic poles were on the same side, there was an effect produced on the polarized ray , and thus ... rotation due to the Faraday effect math beta mathcal V Bd math where is the angle of rotation ... medium The effect is imposed on light over the course of its propagation from its origin to the Earth , through the interstellar medium . Here, the effect is caused by free electrons ... propagation modes. Hence, in contrast to the Faraday effect in solids or liquids, interstellar Faraday ... 2 , math where the overall strength of the effect is characterized by RM, the rotation measure. This in turn ... the Earth s ionosphere are likewise subject to the Faraday effect. The ionosphere consists of a Plasma ... cycle , the magnitude of the effect varies. However the effect is always proportional to the square .... However the Faraday effect due to free electrons diminishes rapidly at higher frequencies shorter ... more details
The Mach Effect can refer to one of the following two things Mach bands are an optical illusion that are often referred to also as the mach effect . The Woodward effect is a purported physics related propulsion phenomenon , also commonly referred to also as the mach effect . disambig ... more details
Expectancy effect may refer to Observer expectancy effect Subject expectancy effect disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Proximity effect may refer to Proximity effect atomic physics Proximity effect audio , an increase in bass or low frequency response when a sound source is close to a microphone Proximity Effect comics Proximity Effect comics , a comic book series written by Scott Tucker and Aron Coleite Proximity effect electromagnetism Proximity effect electron beam lithography , a phenomenon in electron beam lithography EBL Proximity effect superconductivity , a term used in the field of superconductivity The Proximity Effect Nada Surf album The Proximity Effect Nada Surf album , 1998 The Proximity Effect Laki Mera album The Proximity Effect Laki Mera album , 2011 disambiguation ... more details
Isotope effect can refer to Kinetic isotope effect Magnetic isotope effect Superconductive transition temperature varying by isotope atomic weight See BCS theory Successes of the BCS theory disamb ... more details
A digital effect may refer to A visual effect , created for visual medium such as television or film A sound effect , created digitally to alter existing sounds disambig ... more details
Dormitory effect may refer to Dormitory Effect band , an all female Hard Rock Metal band. McClintock effect , the synchronization of menstrual cycles amongst women who live together. disambig ... more details
Tolman effect may refer to Tolman surface brightness test a cosmological effect causing the surface brightness of distant galaxies to reduce as 1 z 4 Ehrenfest Tolman effect a relativistic effect causing temperature to vary with spacetime curvature. Stewart Tolman effect a phenomenon in electrodynamics caused by the finite mass of electrons in conducting metal, disambiguation ... more details
Projection effect may refer to Front projection effect , in camera visual effect Rear projection effect , in camera visual effect Insolation Projection effect , the amount of sunlight onto a portion of the Earth relative to its tilt In astronomy, a type of observational illusion caused by viewing distant objects or phenomenon from a particular perspective. Examples include superluminal motion , the retrograde motion of the planets, and optical double stars. See also Projection disambiguation Effect disambiguation dab ... more details
Cause and effect also written as cause effect or cause effect refers to the philosophical concept of causality , in which an action or event will produce a certain response to the action in the form of another event. Cause and effect is the central concept of the Buddhism. see Karma in Buddhism For the statistical concept and test, see Granger cause . For the graphical method in quality control engineering, see Ishikawa diagram . The phrase may also refer to TV Cause and Effect Star Trek The Next Generation Cause and Effect Star Trek The Next Generation , a fifth season episode of Star Trek The Next Generation Cause and Effect Numb3rs Cause and Effect Numb3rs , the season finale of the sixth season of the American television show Numb3rs Cause and Effect Robin Hood Cause and Effect Robin Hood , the second episode of the third series of the BBC s drama Robin Hood . Music Cause and Effect band , an American electronica synthpop band Cause and Effect Maria Mena album Cause and Effect Maria Mena album Cause and Effect Human Drama album Cause and Effect Digital Summer album Cause & Effect Cause and Effect album disambig ... more details
The Dufour effect is the energy flux due to a mass concentration gradient occurring as a coupled effect of irreversible processes. It is the reciprocal phenomenen to the Soret effect . ref http www.pnas.org content 77 4 1728.full.pdf ref References references Category Thermodynamics physics stub pt Efeito Dufour ... more details
Field effect may refer to Field effect semiconductor , the physical mechanism modulating the conductivity of a semiconductor using an applied voltage difference. Wien effect , in electrolytes, an increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential. Disambig ... more details
for polar effect in genetics polar effect genetics The Polar effect or electronic effect in chemistry is the effect exerted by a substituent on modifying electrostatic force s operating on a nearby chemical reaction reaction center. The main contributors to the polar effect are the inductive effect , mesomeric effect and the through space electronic substituent field effect field effect . An electron withdrawing group or EWG draws electrons away from a reaction center. When this center is an electron rich carbanion or an alkoxide anion with the presence of the substituent that has a stabilizing effect. Examples of electron withdrawing groups are halogen s F, Cl nitrile s CN carbonyl s CO Nitro compound nitro groups NO2. An electron releasing group or ERG otherwise called electron donating groups or EDG releases electrons into a reaction center and as such stabilizes electron deficient carbocation s. Examples of electron releasing groups are alkyl groups alcohol groups amine amino groups. The total substituent effect is the combination of the polar effect and the combined steric effect s. In electrophilic aromatic substitution and nucleophilic aromatic substitution substituents are divided into activating group s and deactivating group s where the direction of activation or deactivation is also taken into account. External links Polar effect definition by the IUPAC Gold Book http www.iupac.org goldbook P04709.pdf Link Category Physical organic chemistry nl Polarisatie effect ja pt Efeito polar ... more details
Cerebus Effect may refer to Cerebus phonebooks The Cerebus Effect The Cerebus Effect , a phenomenon in comic books in which readers hold off buying the periodical or serialized version of a story in order to wait for the collected version Cerebus Effect, name of an American fusion progressive rock band disambig ... more details
wiktionary Ground effect may refer to Ground effect aircraft , mostly related to aerodynamic lift Ground effect cars , an effect that creates downforce, primarily in racing cars Ground effect vehicle , a vehicle which attains level flight near the surface of the Earth due to ground effect Ground effect train , an alternative to a magnetic levitation train, using ground effect in aircraft to prevent the vehicle from making contact with the ground disambig ca Efecte terra de Bodeneffekt el es Efecto suelo fr Effet de sol it Effetto suolo ja lt Ekrano efektas pl Efekt przypowierzchniowy pt Efeito Solo ru zh ... more details
Wiktionary Observer effect may refer to Observer effect information technology , the impact of observing a process while it is running Observer effect physics , the impact of observing a physical system Observer expectancy effect of psychology, how people change their behavior when aware of being watched It may also refer to Observer Effect , an episode of Star Trek Enterprise , named after this effect It is sometimes conflated with Heisenberg s uncertainty principle Actor observer bias See also Schr dinger s cat , a thought experiment, often described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schr dinger Hawthorne effect Disambig ... more details
Doctorwhobook title The Medusa Effect series Virgin New Adventures number 12 featuring Bernice Summerfield cover Medusa Effect.jpg writer Justin Richards publisher Virgin Books isbn ISBN 0 426 20524 3 pages date April 1998 preceding Oblivion Bernice Summerfield Oblivion following Dry Pilgrimage The Medusa Effect is an original novel by Justin Richards featuring the fictional archaeologist Bernice Summerfield . The New Adventures were a spin off from the long running United Kingdom British science fiction on television science fiction television series Doctor Who . DWspinoff External links Doctor Who RG id who na73 title The Medusa Effect TardisLibrary id 406 Reviews DWRG id medu title The Medusa Effect OG review id bennyv 12 title The Medusa Effect DEFAULTSORT Medusa Effect, The Doctorwho stub Category Virgin New Adventures Medusa Effect, The Category 1998 novels Medusa Effect, The Category Novels by Justin Richards Medusa Effect, The ... more details
Matthew Effect may refer to Matthew effect education Matthew effect sociology dab Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Due to Einstein s prolific output, the term Einstein effect may refer to any one of a large number of possible effects in different fields of physics. These may include Gravitational redshift Gravitational lensing and more specifically, The Bose Einstein effect The Einstein de Haas effect See also List of things named after Albert Einstein disambig ... more details
Seealso Resonance chemistry File Mesomeric effect M V.1.png thumb right 600px M effect of a methoxy group in an ether File Mesomeric effect M V.1.png thumb right 420px M effect of a carbonyl group in acroleine The mesomeric effect or resonance effect in chemistry is a property of substituent s or functional group s in a chemical compound . The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing or releasing properties of substituents based on relevant resonance structure s and is symbolized by the letter M . The mesomeric effect is negative M when the substituent is an electron withdrawing group and the effect is positive M when based on resonance and the substituent is an electron releasing group. Examples of M substituents acetyl IUPAC ethanoyl nitrile Nitro compound nitro Examples of M substituents alcohol amine benzene The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the inductive effect . The mesomeric effect as a result of p Atomic orbital orbital overlap resonance has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the inductive effect is purely to do with the electronegativity of the atoms and their topology in the molecule which atoms are connected to which . The concepts of mesomeric effect, mesomerism and mesomer were introduced by Christopher Kelk Ingold Ingold in 1938 as an alternative to the Linus Pauling Pauling s synonymous concept of resonance effect resonance . ref If It s Resonance, What Is Resonating? Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2006 83 223. http www.jce.divched.org Journal Issues 2006 Feb abs223.html Abstract ref Mesomerism in this context is often encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term resonance dominates. Mesomerism in conjugated systems Mesomeric effect can be transmitted along any number of carbon atoms in a conjugated system . This accounts for the resonance stabilization of the molecule due to delocalization of charge. See also List of publications ... more details
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