Ismailis The Qarmatians lang ar Qar mita Those Who Wrote in Small Letters ref name Glasse Glass , Cyril. 2008. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek CA AltaMira Press. ref also transliterated Carmathians , Qarmathians , Karmathians etc. were a Shi a Ismaili group centered in Al Hasa eastern Arabia , where they attempted to establish a Utopia Religious utopia utopian republic in 899 CE. They are most famed for their revolt against the Abbasid Abbasid Caliphate . Mecca suffered great indignity by the sect s leader Ab T hir Al Jann b hir Sulaym n , ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 371782 Mecca 37835 History ref887188 Mecca s History , from Encyclop dia Britannica . ref ... Baghdad in 927 and sacked Mecca and Medina in 930. The assault on Islam s holiest sites saw the Qarmatians ... Stone from Mecca to Al Hasa. ref http ismaili.net histoire history05 history510.html The Qarmatians .... But little that could be done for much of the tenth century the Qarmatians were the most powerful force ... society The Qarmatians aimed to build a society based on reason and equality. The state was governed ... ref All property within the community was distributed evenly among all initiates. The Qarmatians ... followed millenarianism millenarian fervour among the Qarmatians as well as in Persia over the Conjunction ... the Qarmatians began to look inwards and their status was reduced to that of a local power. This had important repercussions for the Qarmatians ability to extract tribute from the region according ... Legends Myths of the Isma ilis, IB Tauris, 1994, p20 ref The last contemporary mention of the Qarmatians ... to the Ismailis, often erroneously call them Qarmatians without perception of the distinction between ... Zizek 2009 First as Tragedy, Then as Farce, p. 121 references this Wikipedia page on the Qarmatians. External links http ismaili.net histoire history05 history509.html The origin of the Qarmatians , Ismaili Net http ismaili.net histoire history05 history510.html Qarmatians in Bahrain , Ismaili ... more details
Ibn Banu lang ar was the nominal governor of Al Bahrain historical region al Bahrain for the Abbasid dynasty , serving there in 903. Career The Muslim historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al Tabari al Tabari s History of the Prophets and Kings Annals only mentions Ibn Banu once. He appears to have been a military commander who was posted to al Bahrain in an attempt to expel the Qarmatians under Abu Sa id Jannabi there. He is recorded as having sent a message to the central government in Baghdad , describing how he had launched a surprise attack on a Qarmatian stronghold and successfully overwhelmed its defenders. In October 903 another message was received from him, stating that he had attacked al Qatif . His troops routed the Qarmatians and killed their commander, who was identified as Abu Sa id s designated successor. They then prevailed against al Qatif and entered it. ref Al Tabari, p. 128 & n. 626 ref Ibn Banu is not subsequently mentioned, but the Abbasid reconquest of al Qatif was short lived, as the Qarmatians were soon back in control of the oasis. ref Rentz, p. 764 ref Notes reflist References Rentz, G. Al Katif. The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume IV. New Ed. Leiden E. J. Brill, 1978. ISBN 90 04 05745 5 Al Tabari, Abu Ja far Muhammad ibn Jarir. The History of al Tabari, Volume XXXVIII The Return of the Caliphate to Baghdad. Trans. Franz Rosenthal. Ed. Ehsan Yar Shater. Albany, NY State University of New York Press, 1985. ISBN 0 87395 876 4 Category Abbasid generals Category Abbasid governors ... more details
Orphan date August 2011 Al Abbas ibn Amr al Ghanawi lang ar died 917 was a military commander and provincial governor for the Abbasid dynasty . He is known for his defeat and capture at the hands of the Qarmatians in 900. Life Al Abbas was likely born in the Diyar Mudar district of Al Jazira, Mesopotamia al Jazira . He embarked on a military career in the service of the Abbasids and is first recorded as one of the officers in charge of an expedition sent against unruly Arab peoples Arab tribes in Iraq . ref Canard, p. 11 al Tabari, pp. 78 9 ref In the following year he was appointed by the caliph al Mu tadid as governor of Al Bahrain historical region al Bahrain and al Yamamah ref Canard, p. 11 al Tabari, p. 83. Neither area was effectively controlled by the Abbasid government by the time of his appointment al Bahrain was in the process of being overrun by the Qarmatians, and the Banu Ukhaidhir Banu l Ukhaidhir had been independently ruling in al Yamamah since the 860s ref and tasked with driving the Qarmatians led by Abu Sa id Jannabi out of the region. Since the Qarmatians had already successfully occupied much of al Bahrain, including al Qatif , al Abbas assembled an army of regular soldiers, bedouin fighters and volunteers before departing from al Basra for the province. Shortly after their departure, al Abbas and his army met the Qarmatians and engaged them in battle. The first day of fighting ended in a standstill, but in the evening the bedouins and volunteers abandoned the campaign and returned to al Basra. The following morning, the two armies resumed fighting, and al Abbas s depleted forces were routed he and seven hundred of his men were compelled to surrender. The day after the battle, Abu Sa id ordered that the captured soldiers all be put to death al Abbas alone was spared and was eventually released, with instructions to warn al Mu tadid of the futility in opposing the Qarmatians. He returned to Iraq and was rewarded by al Mu tad ... more details
Abu al Bahlul al Awwam lang ar was a Bahrani member of the Abd al Qays tribe in Bahrain who overthrew Ismaili Qarmatian rule in the islands around 1058. ref Farhad Daftary, The Ism l s Their History and Doctrines, Cambridge University Press 1990, p221 ref Along with his brother, Abu l Walid Muslim, he had called for the khutba in Bahrain to be read in the name of the Abbasid caliph Al Qa im caliph al Qaim , a common way of expressing alliegence to the Abbasids , which was anathema to the millenarian Qarmatian Ismailis . Their rebellion quickly overthrew Qarmatian rule and their position was secured when a seaborne landing by the Qarmatians to retake the islands was repulsed in 1066 7. A similar rebellion took place in Qatif in 1058, forcing the Qarmatians back to Al Hasa before their final defeat after a seven year siege of the city by the Uyunids and Seljuk Turks in 1067. ref Curtis E. Larsen. Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society University Of Chicago Press, 1984 p65 ref While Abu al Buhlul was able to gain independence for Bahrain, he was not strong enough to defend the islands against the new ruler of Qatif, Yahya ibn Ayyash. Bahrain soon came under the control of bin Abbas and his son, before it was captured by Abdullah al Uyuni, the founder of the Uyunid dynasty. ref Larsen, p66 ref References reflist See also History of Bahrain Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Abu Al Bahlul Al Awwam ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Abu Al Bahlul Al Awwam Category History of Bahrain Category History of Saudi Arabia Category Bahrani people Bahrain bio stub ... more details
Ismailism Batiniyya is a pejorative term to refer to those groups, such as Alevi sm, Ismailism , and often Sufism , which distinguish between an inner, esoteric Batin Islam Batini level of meaning in the Qur an , in addition to the outer, exoteric level of meaning Zahir Islam Zahiri . Batini ta wil is the name given to the exegesis of the esoteric knowledge which rests with the Shia Imam Imam , or with the Shaykh Pir Sufism Pir in Sufism. See also Alevism Bektashiyyah Bektash yyah , another group focusing on Batin Islam Batin and Zahir Islam Zahir Druze Esoteric interpretation of the Qur an Ism l Niz r Ism l Nusayriyya Nusayr yya Qarmatians Sufism References Reflist External links http www.iis.ac.uk glossary list.asp?f a&t z&l en Glossary of Ismaili terms , at The Institute of Ismaili Studies Ethnic slurs Category Esoteric schools of thought Category Ethnic and religious slurs Category Ismailism islam stub ca Batinites ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ismailism collapsed 1 Seveners Arabic are a branch of Ismaili Ism l Shi a Islam Sh a . They became known as Seveners because they believe that Ismail bin Jafar Ism l ibn Ja far was the seventh and the last Imam Im m hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali Al ibn Ab T lib . They believed his son, Muhammad ibn Ismail Mu ammad ibn Ism l al Maktum , would return and bring about an age of justice as al Mahdi . Their most famous and active branch were the Qarmatians . Tree of the Ism l Shia Islam File tree shia islam n3 .pdf 500px thumb left Tree of the Ism l Shia Islam . Shia Islam Sometimes sevener is used to refer to all Ismailis, though those of Fatimid heritage recognize more than seven Im ms. Note that the number seven plays a general role in the theology of the Ism liyya, including mystical speculations that there are seven heavens, seven continents, seven orifices in the skull, seven days in a week, seven prophets, and so forth. There are few strict Seveners &mdash those who do not recognize the Fatimids &mdash remaining among Muslims today. Some scholars doubt that they exist today. See also List of extinct Shia sects Category Ismailism Islam stub ar it Settimani ms Syiah Imam Bertujuh ... more details
Main Qarmatians The Qarmatians goal was to build a society based on reason and equality. The state ... evenly among all initiates. The Qarmatians were organized as an esoteric society but not as a secret ... century the Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf and Middle East, controlling ... during the mourning The Qarmatians were defeated in battle in 976 by the Buyids , which encouraged ... of the Qarmatians and their successors, the Uyunids , but eventually overthrew the latter and seized ... from Egypt describes them as being remnants of the Qarmatians . Historian Juan Cole concludes from ... important positions, including the chief of the hisba . ref name a Also, unlike under the Qarmatians ... The Qarmatians in Bahrain http www.scribd.com doc 3729409 Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern ... more details
Qarmatians of neighboring Al Hasa . He participated in the capture of Kufa in 925 and given command ... in a battle with the Qarmatians. ref name Madelung792 Isma il was succeeded by his son al Hasan, and at this point the amirate likely subordinate to the Qarmatians ref Askar, p. 140 ref . After the rule ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 The Wajihids were an Arab people Arab dynasty that ruled in coastal Oman in the early and mid 10th century AD. Their capital was the town of Suhar . History The origins and history of this dynasty are obscure. ref Bates, p. 171 ref They may have been of either Omani or Bahrain historical region Bahraini origin, and they were possibly related to Ahmad ibn Hilal , a previous governor of Oman on behalf of the Abbasid Caliphate . ref Wilkinson, p. 333 al Salimi, pp. 375 6. Miles, pp. 102 3, offered a different theory about the Wajihids, stating that Yusuf b. Wajih was a Turkish officer who was sent to Oman on behalf of the Abbasid government this idea has not been adopted by more recent historians ref In any event, by about 929 ref name Wilkinson333 Wilkinson, p. 333 ref the Al Batinah Region coastal regions of Oman were under the control of Yusuf ibn Wajih, the first member of the dynasty. The Wajihids did not enjoy undisputed control of Oman. In the mountainous interior of the country, the Ibadi imams centered at Nizwa opposed Wajihid rule and were intent on maintaining their independent status. In addition, the neighboring Qarmatians of al Hasa sought to gain possession of Suhar, and Qarmatian raids into Oman were common during this period. The Wajihids were able to neutralize these threats by using a mixture of force and diplomacy against both the Ibadis and Qarmatians. Wajihid policy in its relations with the neighboring powers was opportunistic, and they recognized the suzerainty of both the Qarmatians and Abbasids at different times during their rule. ref Wilkinson, pp. 333 5 al Salimi, pp. 375 8 ref Suhar during Wajihid rule was an extremely prosperous town and, along with Siraf , was one of the main seaports of the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf . Its development during the tenth century turned it into a major center of international commerce and the chief city of Oman. ref Piacentini, pp. 198 200 ref The Wajihids were able to take ... more details
Mawali or maw l lang ar is a term in Classical Arabic used to address non Arab Muslim s. The term gained prominence in the centuries following the futuh early Arab Muslim conquests in the 7th century, as many non Arabs such as Persian people Persians , Turkish people Turks and Kurdish people Kurds converted to Islam. These converts were treated as second class citizens by the ruling Arab elite they continued to pay the tax required of nonbelievers and were excluded from government and the military until the end of the Umayyad Caliphate . ref http occawlonline.pearsoned.com bookbind pubbooks stearns awl chapter12 objectives deluxe content.html Student Resources, Chapter 12 The First Global Civilization The Rise and Spread of Islam, The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Converts and People of the Book ref Therefore, many of them were drawn to the anti Ummayyad activities of the Kaysanites Shia Citation needed date March 2012 . Under the Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid rulers of the 9th century, the maw l comprised an important part of the army. The fragmentation of the Abbasid around 900 took place with the maw l rise to power, the Saffarid Dynasty and Ghaznavids in Greater Iran , and the Qarmatians in the Arabian Peninsula . Together, the rise to power of these ethnic groups restricted the power of the Abbasid caliph into Baghdad. The Word Maw l master, slaves or servers Al Maw l slaves or servers In later Persian and thus Urdu , the term began to be used in a derogatory way to refer to someone who is uncivilized aka Riff raff . See also Anti Persianism by Arabs Dhimmi Jizya Mawla Ajam Shu ubiyya References Reflist added under references heading by script assisted edit Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab People . Chapter 1. Mas udi The Meadows of Gold Trans. and Eds. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone. External links http www.princeton.edu batke itl denise mawali.htm Mawali definition Category Islamic terms Category Ethno cultural designations Category Rel ... more details
History of Bahrain The Usfurids were an Arab dynasty that in 1253 gained control of eastern Arabia, including the islands of Bahrain , They were a branch of the Banu Uqayl tribe of the Banu Amir group, and are named after the dynasty s founder, Usfur ibn Rashid. They were initially allies of the Qarmatians and their successors, the Uyunids , but eventually overthrew the latter and seized power themselves ref Joseph Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization , Taylor and Francis, 2006, p95 ref . The Usfurids takeover came after Uyunid power had been weakened by invasion in 1235 by the Salgharid Atabeg of Fars. The Usfurids had an uneasy relationship with the main regional power at the time, the Persian princes in Ormuz Hormuz , who took control of Bahrain and Qatif in 1320. However, the Hormuzi rulers did not seem to have firm control of the islands, and during the 14th century Bahrain was disputed as numerous neighbours sought tribute from the wealth accumulated from its pearl fisheries. It the 15th century another branch of the Banu Amir emerged, the Jabrids , who built a more stable polity in eastern Arabia ref Curtis E. Larsen. Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society University Of Chicago Press, 1984 pp66 8 ref . See also History of bahrain 10th 16th centuries History of Bahrain 10th 16th Centuries Jarwanid dynasty Uqaylid Dynasty Mirdasids Kalbids Banu Amir References reflist External links http www.alasfoor.net index.php http www.al asfoor.com farsi index.php Category Shi a Muslim dynasties Category History of Bahrain Category History of Saudi Arabia Category Muslim dynasties Category Arab dynasties Category Bahrani people Category Bahraini monarchs MEast royal stub ar ca Usf rida ... more details
Republic Main Qarmatians The Qarmatians goal was to build a society based on reason and equality ... was distributed evenly among all initiates. The Qarmatians were organized as an esoteric society but not as a secret ... century the Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf and Middle East ... The Qarmatians were defeated in battle in 976 by the Buyids , which encouraged them to look inward ... initially allies of the Qarmatians and their successors, the Uyunids , but eventually overthrew ... Caliphs , while a 15th century Sunni scholar from Egypt describes them as being remnants of the Qarmatians ... . ref name a Also, unlike under the Qarmatians , Islamic prayers were held in the mosques under ... more details
Banu Uqayl lang ar are an ancient Arab tribe that played an important role in the history of Bahrain historical region eastern Arabia and Iraq . They belonged to the Banu Ka b branch of the large Banu Amir confederation. The Banu Amir confederation of tribes had their original homeland in western Arabia , on the border between Hejaz and Najd . The Uqayl branch moved southwards and settled in the large valley known as al Aqiq modern day Wadi al Dawasir , which they later claimed was granted to them by the Muslim prophet Muhammad . During the Abbasid era, most of the Banu Amir moved from Najd into Iraq and Syria . The Uqaylids were among the last to leave, settling on the banks of the Euphrates . There a section of the tribe founded the Uqaylid dynasty, which controlled Mosul and other regions of northern Mesopotamia , though remaining largely nomadic . When the Uqaylid dynasty was brought down, three large Uqaylid tribes, the Khafajah people Khafajah , Ubadah , and Muntafiq , settled in southern Iraq and remain there to the present day. Another section of the Uqayl, possibly coming from Iraq, according to Ibn Khaldun , took over the deserts of eastern Arabia, around the al Hasa oasis. There they allied themselves with the Qarmatians , like many other Banu Amir groups. The Qarmatians fell to the Uyunid dynasty, a sedentary Arab clan from Al Hasa al Ahsa , in 1076 . In the mid 13th centuries, one Uqaylid clan leader, Usfur ibn Rashid, deposed the Uyunids, and founded the Usfurid dynasty, which lasted until 1330 . The area was then taken over by the Shi ite Jarwanid clan based in Qatif . The most powerful Uqaylid dynasty, however, were the Jabrids . Some historians believe they were a branch of the Usfurids or at least closely related to them. Their most famous ruler, Ajwad ibn Zamil , however, is described by his contemporaries as having been of Najd i origin. Ajwad s elder brother established the dynasty in the early 15th century by deposing and killing ... more details
Image jwathamsk.jpg thumb 400px Jawatha Mosque in Al Ahsa Jawatha Mosque Arabic also incorrectly spelled Al Jawana is located in the village of Al Kilabiyah , about 12km northeast of Hofuf , Al Ahsa Governorate Al Ahsa , Saudi Arabia . It was the earliest mosque built in east Arabia and most of the original structure is in ruins. ref name wa al Mat ifWood1975 The site is still used for prayer. ref John Lawton. http www.saudiaramcoworld.com issue 199106 the.arab.heartland.htm The Arab Heartland , saudiaramcoworld.com , November December 1991 Volume 42, Number 6. ref It was built the in seventh year of Hijra Islam hijra c. 629 AD at the hands of the Bani Abdul Qais tribe which lived there before and early in the Islamic period. This mosque is believed to be the first mosque built in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia Eastern Province and is where the second Friday congregation prayer in Islam was offered, the first being held at the Prophet s Mosque in Medina. ref Jawatha Mosque in danger of going down, Jafariya News, August 24, 2005. http www.jafariyanews.com 2k5 news aug 24jawatha mosque.htm ref According to legend, when the Black Stone Hajr Al Aswad , Black Stone , was stolen from Mecca by the Qarmatians , it was kept in this mosque for nearly 22 years. ref cite web url http web.archive.org web 20091027141934 http geocities.com camelss day.html title Day trips Hofuf accessdate 2006 03 06 last first date work publisher Camels quote archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20090806194108 http geocities.com camelss day.html archivedate 2009 08 06 ref Most of the mosque s original structure has been lost and it remains in danger of collapse. Only five small mud brick arches remain. The visible ruins probably date from around the 9th century AD. ref name wa al Mat ifWood1975 cite book author1 Saudi Arabia. Id rat al th r wa al Mat if author2 Roger Wood title An introduction to Saudi Arabian antiquities url http books.google.com books?id 5d4JAQAAIAAJ accessdate 18 ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Distinguish Al Batin Shia Islam collapsed 1 Twelvers collapsed 1 Ismailism Batin is defined as the interior or hidden meaning of the Quran . This is in contrast to the Quran s exterior or apparent meaning the Zahir Islam Zahir . Some Muslim groups believe that the Batin can only be fully understood and interpreted by a figure with esoteric knowledge, who for Shi a Muslims is Imamah Shi a doctrine the Imam of the Time . In a wider sense, batin can refer to the inner meaning or reality behind all existence, the Zahir Islam Zahir being the world of form and apparent meaning. It may also refer to the unseen world of angels and jinns as described in the Qur an. In short, anything that is hidden as opposed to that which is evident is Baatin or hidden and unseen. Batin in the Quran Do ye not see that Allah has subjected to your use all things in the heavens and on earth, and has made his bounties flow to you in exceeding measure, both seen and hidden? Yet there are among men those who dispute about Allah, without knowledge and without guidance, and without a Book to enlighten them 31 20 He is the First and the Last, the Evident and the hidden and He has full knowledge of all things. 57 3 One Day will the Hypocrites men and women say to the Believers Wait for us Let us borrow a Light from your Light It will be said Turn ye back to your rear then seek a Light where ye can So a wall will be put up between them, with a gate hidden. Within it will be Mercy throughout, and without it, all alongside, will be Wrath and Punishment 57 13 Eschew all sin, open or hidden those who earn sin will get due recompense for their earnings. 6 120 See also Alevism Batiniyya Bektashiyyah Bektash yyah , another group focusing on Batin and Zahir Islam Zahir Druze Esoteric interpretation of the Qur an Ism l Niz r Ism l Nusayriyya Nusayr yya Qarmatians Sufism External links http www.sufilive.com Sufi Live Sufism collapsed 1 Category Ismaili theology Category Qura ... more details
about the tribe the dynasty established by the tribe Soomra dynasty Unreferenced date September 2011 Ethnic group group Soomro image Image Pacco Qillo Round Tower.png 250px Pacco Qillo Soomro Kingdom, largest fort in Sindh. poptime 600,000 popplace Pakistan br 500,000 550,000 langs Sindhi language Sindhi rels Islam related Sindhi people Sindhi Soomro or Soomra lang sd is a Sindhi people Sindhi tribe mainly in Sindh , parts of Punjab, Pakistan Punjab bordering Sindh and in Balochistan , Pakistan. Other cities also have some Soomro population who have been there for work reasons but their origins remain in Sindh. History and origin Following the 985 CE expulsion of the Qarmatian Muslim sect from Iraq and Egypt, the Qarmatians relocated to Sindh. The grey part of history is that some say that when they relocated they were called sumero along with some suggesting suggest that they were the possibly the first converts to Islam in Sindh how ever there is no evidence of this as their presence becomes evident later on after they became rulers of Sindh and when they did they had Arabic names. The term Soomro, spelled Soomro in English but pronounced Soomera or Soomara , means of Samarra in Sindhi. There is also a wide accepted concept of Soomera being men brought by bin Qasim and left there after he went back but according to the lack of information on this part of history, the facts are blurred. When Sindh was under the Ummayad caliphate , the Habbari dynasty was in control. The Ummayad s appointed Aziz al Habbari as the governor of sindh . Habbaris ruled sindh until Mahmud Ghaznavi defeated the Habbari s in 1024. Mahmud Ghaznavi viewed the Abbasids to be the Caliphs thus he removed the remaining influence of the Ummayad Caliphate in the region. Following the defeat of the Habbari s, The Abbasid caliphate made Khafif Al Khafif from Samarra the new governor of Sindh for a better, stronger and stable government. Once he became the governor he allotted severa ... more details
refimprove date May 2011 Lead rewrite date January 2010 reason This intro provides no context. What is a Shia sect ? What defines them as sects? What defines them as extinct? How do we know they are in fact extinct? Shia Islam expand list date December 2010 The following is a list of extinct Shia sects i.e. those Shia sects that no longer have any followers or practitioners . Ghulat Shia sects Bazighiyya Shia Bazighiyya who believed that Ja far al Sadiq was God. Dhammiyya Shia Dhammiyya who believed that Ali was God and Muhammad was his appointed Messenger and Prophet. Ghurabiyya Shia Ghurabiyya who believed the angel Gabriel was mistaken when passing on the prophecy to Muhammad instead of Ali. Ya furiyya Shia Ya furiyya who believed in reincarnation and that a man named Mu ammar al Kufi was their Lord. Ismailism Ism l Shia sects Ismailis Hafizi who believed the ruler of the Fatimid Empire, Al Hafiz, was also the Imam of the Time. Qarmatians who believed in a world view where every phenomenon repeated itself in cycles, where every incident was replayed over and over again. Sevener who believed Muhammad ibn Ismail Mu ammad ibn Ism l al Maktum , the son of Isma il ibn Jafar Ism l ibn Ja far al Sadiq , would return as the Mahdi. Zaidiyyah Zaydi Shia sects Dukayniyya Shia Dukayniyya who believed Muhammad s followers fell into unbelief after his death because they did not uphold the Imamate of Ali. Zaidiyyah Unique Beliefs Jarudiyya who believed the companions were sinful in failing to recognise Ali as the legitimate Caliph. They became extinct in Iran and Iraq but still survive in Yemen under the Hadawi sub sect. Khalafiyya Shia Khalafiyya who believed in a unique line of Imams after Zayd ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Ali, starting with a man named Abd al Samad and continuing with his descendants. Khashabiyya Shia Khashabiyya who believed that the Imamate must remain only among the descendents of Hasan and Husayn, even if that Imam is ignorant, immoral and tyrannical. Z ... more details
The following is a list of Shia Islam Shi a Muslim Dynasty dynasties Egypt and North Africa Idrisid dynasty 780 985 AD Fatimid Caliphate 909 1171 AD Banu Kanz 1004 1412 AD ref , , 1993 , p.420 ref Sicily Kalbids 948 1053 AD Spain Hammudid dynasty 1016 1073 AD Arabian Peninsula Banu Ukhaidhir 865 1066 AD in Al Yamama Rassids 893 1970 AD from Yemen Sulaihid State 1047 1138 AD from Yemen Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 1926 1970 AD Qarmatians 900 1073 AD from Bahrain Uyunid dynasty 1076 1239 AD from Bahrain ref http www.hukam.net family.php?fam 900 ref Usfurids 1253 1320 century from Bahrain Jarwanid dynasty 1305 1487 from Bahrain ref http www.alwasatnews.com data 2009 2379 pdf fdt5.pdf ref Syria and Iraq Hamdanid dynasty 890 1004 AD Al Mazeedi Bani Assad 961 1163 AD Central and southern Iraq Numayrids 990 1081 AD Western Iraq ref http books.google.com.sa books?id mKpz 2CkoWEC&pg PA93&lpg PA93&dq Numayrids&source bl&ots Gld6l710Y&sig eP3DLARix OeJkk5UDs 3TtvM3o&hl ar&ei ZuqwTNiHF5Gn4AaI4KTtBg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CBkQ6AEwAg v onepage&q Numayrids&f false ref Uqaylid Dynasty 990 1169 AD Mirdasids 1024 1080 AD Iran Justanids 791 974 AD Alavids 864 929 AD Ziyarid dynasty 928 1043 AD Buyid dynasty 934 1062 AD Hasanwayhid 959 1015 AD Kakuyids 1008 1051 AD Alamut Ismaili State of Alamut Iran 1090 1256 AD Ilkhanate 1256 1335 AD Sarbadars 1332 1386 AD Jalayirids 1335 1432 AD Chupanids 1335 1357 AD Injuids 1335 1357 AD Kara Koyunlu 1375 1468 AD Musha sha iyyah dynasty 1436 1729 AD Safavid dynasty 1501 1736 AD Afsharid dynasty 1736 1796 AD Shaki Khanate 1743 1819 AD Ganja khanate 1747 1804 AD Karabakh Khanate 1747 1822 AD Shirvan Khanate 1748 1820 AD Zand dynasty 1750 1794 AD Qajar dynasty 1785 1925 AD Pahlavi dynasty 1925 1979 AD India Bahmani Sultanate 1347 1527 AD Jaunpur Sultanate 1394 1479 AD Bidar Sultanate 1489 1619 AD Berar Sultanate 1490 1572 AD Qutb Shahi dynasty 1518 1687 ... more details
Al Mutawakkil Ahmad bin Sulayman 1106 1171 was an imam of the Zaidiyyah Zaidi state in Yemen who revived the polity after a long interregnum , wielding power in 1138 1171. Rise to the imamate Ahmad bin Sulayman was a fifth generation descendant of the imam an Nasir Ahmad d. 934 . ref The line of descent is an Nasir Ahmad Ali al Mutahhar Muhammad Sulayman al Mutawakkil Ahmad. ref His mother was Malikah binti Abdallah, an eight generation descendant of the Zaidi founding figure al Qasim ar Rassi d. 860 . Since the violent death of al Muhtasib al Mujahid Hamzah in 1066, no new imam had been appointed in the Zaydiyyah community of the northern Yemeni highlands. The dominating political power in Yemen in the late 11th and early 12th centuries was the Ismailite Sulaihid State Sulayhids , whose last important representative was Queen Arwa al Sulayhi d. 1137 . Meanwhile, the Tihamah lowland was ruled by a Sunni dynasty in Zabid , the Najahids. The most important city in the highland, San a was ruled by the Hatimid sultans. In the year after Queen Arwa s death, in 1138, Ahmad was acknowledged as imam under the title al Mutawakkil Ahmad. His early base was in the far north, in Sa dah , Najran and Al Jawf Governorate Jawf . He was considered a political and religious figure of genuine stature. In 1151 a large congregation gathered and spent eight days testing his qualifications for the imamate, including physical fitness, right descent, religious doctrinal learning, etc. ref Enzyklop die des Islam , Vol. III. Leiden 1936, p. 1216. ref Fighting against Hatimids and Qarmatians His political activities spread much wider than the pre 1066 imams. In the beginning of his reign, the Zaidi positions were pushed back by the sultan of San a, Hamid ad Dawlah Hatim. However, in 1150 the imam retaliated. Hamid ad Dawlah was unable to withstand the tribesmen who supported al Mutawakkil Ahmad, and was defeated in battle near San a. The sultan capitulated and was permitted to withdraw from th ... more details
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