Qirsh , Gersh , Grush , Kuru and Grosi are all names for currency denominations in and around the territories formerly part of the Ottoman Empire . The variation in the name stems from the different languages it is used in Arabic language Arabic , Ethiopian language Ethiopian , Hebrew , Turkish language Turkish and Greek language Greek and the different transcriptions into the Latin alphabet . The name originally comes from the Italian language Italian grosso , as in denaro grosso , a silver coin worth twelve denari. The original qirsh was a large, 17th century silver piece, similar to the European thaler s, issued by the Ottomans. It was worth 40 Para currency para . In 1844, following sustained debasement, the gold Turkish lira lira was introduced, worth 100 qirsh. In Greek, it was known as grosi , plural grosia . As the Ottoman Empire broke up, several successor states retained the qirsh as a denomination. These included Egypt , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Lebanon and Turkey itself. Others, including Jordan and Sudan , adopted the qirsh as a denomination when they established their own currencies. The name of the Groschen lang la Grossus , lang de Groschen , lang it grossone , lang cs gro , lang pl grosz , lang hu garas , lang ro gros , a coin used in various German language German speaking states as well as some non German speaking countries of Central Europe Bohemia , Poland , the Romanian principalities , is derived from the same origin of the Italian language Italian denaro grosso . See also Kuru Turkish lira Egyptian pound Saudi riyal Jordanian dinar Sudanese pound Groschen External links http www.ottomancoins.com Ottoman Empire coins http www.turkishbanknotes.info Turkish Republic coins and banknotes Category Culture of the Ottoman Empire Category Government of the Ottoman Empire Category Modern obsolete currencies it Qirsh he ... more details
Gersz is a given name and may refer to Gersz Salwe 1862 1920 , Polish chess player Gersz Rotlewi 1889 1920 , Polish chess player See also Gersh disambiguation Qirsh Georg disambiguation George disambiguation disambig ... more details
Quraysh or Quraish also transliterated as Quresh , Qurrish , Qurish , Qirsh , Quraysh , Qureshi , Koreish and Coreish may refer to Quraysh tribe , the dominant tribe of Mecca upon the appearance of the religion of Islam Quraysh sura , the 106th chapter of the Qur an Others Quraishi , a family name that originates from Arabs. Reference http qureshifamily.info Qureshi Family Information Qureshian , a town of Mianwali District in Province of Punjab, Pakistan Al Qurayshi , a village in western central Yemen disambig id Quraisy ... more details
Gersh may refer to The Gersh Agency , a talent agency Gersh College see Daemen College Surname Darren Gersh , American journalist, PBS s Nightly Business Report Squire Gersh born 1913 American jazz tubist and double bassist. Given name Gersh Budker 1918 1977 , Soviet nuclear Gersh Kuntzman , American journalist See also Gersz disambiguation Qirsh Georg disambiguation George disambiguation disambig ... more details
pp move indef small yes The piastre lang ar qirsh , , pronounced irsh was the currency of Egypt until 1834. It was subdivided into 40 para currency para , each of 3 akce ak e . History The piastre was based on the Turkish kuru , introduced while Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire . As in Turkey, debasement lead to the piastre falling significantly in value. In 1834, the Egyptian pound pound , or gineih Arabic was introduced as the chief unit of currency, worth 100 piastre. The piastre continues in use to the present day as a subdivision of the pound. Coins In the early 19th century, Billon alloy billon coins in denominations of 1 ak e, 1, 5, 10 and 20 para, and 1 qirsh were in circulation, along with gold coins denominated as , , 1, 2 and 3 mahbub . References refbegin numis cite SCWC date 1991 refend External links Category History of Egypt Category Economy of Egypt Category Modern obsolete currencies Category Currencies of Africa Category 1834 disestablishments ... more details
fils, qirsh, dirham and dinar but in English language English only in fils and dinar. Since 1992 ... in dinar and either qirsh or piastres. For a wider history surrounding currency in the region ... Coin copper color qirsh piastre 21 mm 4 g Copper plated steel rowspan 2 Plain rowspan ... copper color 1 qirsh piastre 25 mm 5.5 g Bronze plated steel Lattice design Eastern Arabic numerals 1 1994 Coin silver color 2 piastres qirsh 22 mm 3 g rowspan 3 Nickel plated steel rowspan ... 2 rowspan 3 1992 25 fils Coin silver color 5 piastres qirsh 26 mm 5 g Lattice design, Eastern Arabic numerals 5 50 fils Coin silver color 10 piastres qirsh 28 mm 8 g Lattice design, Eastern ... Reference Coin copper color 1 qirsh piastre 25 mm 5.5 g Copper plated steel Plain Abdullah ... 5 piastres qirsh 26 mm 5 g rowspan 2 Nickel plated steel rowspan 2 Milled rowspan 2 Abdullah ... Coin silver color 10 piastres qirsh 28 mm 8 g Lattice design, Eastern Arabic numerals 10 100 ... more details
File Lybian half pound.jpg thumb Libyan half pound, with the portrait of King Idris of Libya The Libyan pound Arabic language Arabic , junieh was the currency of Libya between 1951 and 1971. The pound was divided into 100 piastres , qirsh and 1000 milliemes . History When Libya was a part of the Ottoman Empire , the country used the Ottoman qirsh XOTP , issuing some coins locally until 1844. When Italy took over the country in 1911, the Italian lira was introduced. In 1943, Libya was split into France French and United Kingdom British mandate international law mandate territories. Algerian franc s were used in the French mandate, whilst Tripolitanian lira issued by the British Military Authorities were used in the British mandate. In 1951, the pound was introduced, replacing the franc and lira at rates of 1 pound 480 lire 980 francs. http users.erols.com kurrency ly.htm The pound was replaced, at par, by the Libyan dinar dinar in 1971 following the Libyan Revolution of 1969. Coins Coins were issued in 1952 in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 milliemes, 1 and 2 piastres. In 1965, a second series of coins was issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 milliemes. These coins continued to circulate after 1971 as no new coins were issued until 1975. Banknotes In 1951, the government issued notes in denominations of 5 and 10 piastres, , , 1, 5 and 10 pounds. In 1959, the National Bank of Libya took over the issuance of paper money with denominations of , 1, 5 and 10 pounds. In 1963, the Bank of Libya took over from the National Bank and issued notes in the same denominations. Category Currencies of Africa Category Economy of Libya Category Modern obsolete currencies Category 1951 establishments in Libya Category 1971 disestablishments Category History of Libya ar de Libysches Pfund es Libra libia fr Livre libyenne it Sterlina libica pl Funt libijski Pound currency ... more details
. Coins In 1921, cupro nickel qirsh coins were introduced, followed in 1926 by aluminium bronze 2 and 5 qirshan. In 1929, holed, nickel brass 1 qirsh and silver 10, 25 and 50 qirsha were introduced. Nickel brass qirsh were introduced 1935, followed by zinc 1 qirsh and aluminium bronze 2 qirsh in 1940. During the Second World War , brass 1 qirsh and aluminium 2 qirsh emergency coins were issued ... qirsh and 10, 25, 50 and 100 livres. In 1925, the Banque de Syrie et du Grand Liban began issuing ... more details
, the Arabic spelling was changed from girsh to qirsh . Coins were issued in the period 1952 to 1986 in denominations of 1, 2 , 5, 10, 25 and 50 qirsh and 1 lira. No coins were issued between ... small change paper money in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 girsh or qirsh the change in spelling ... more details
Out of date date November 2010 Infobox Currency currency name in local small ar icon small image 1 SUDAN.png image title 1 Current coins iso code SDG using countries flag Sudan inflation rate 9 inflation source date https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook fields 2092.html The World Factbook , 2006 est. subunit ratio 1 1 100 subunit name 1 qirsh piastre symbol symbol subunit 1 symbol subunit 2 used coins 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 piasters, 1 pound used banknotes 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 pounds issuing authority Bank of Sudan issuing authority website www.cbos.gov.sd The Sudanese pound Arabic language Arabic transl ar DIN transl ar DIN junaih is the currency of Sudan and also used in South Sudan until finalization of the introduction of the South Sudanese pound . Both Arabic and English names for the denominations appear on the country s banknotes and coins. On 24 July 2011, Sudan launched a new currency. The new Sudanese pound note has certain symbols absent and a redrawn map of the country after the secession of the south. History First pound SDP The first pound to circulate in Sudan was the Egyptian pound . Both Muhammad ibn Abdalla the Mahdi and Abdallahi ibn Muhammad the Caliph Khalifa issued coins which circulated alongside the Egyptian currency. The Egyptian pound circulated until its replacement by Sudan s own pound in 1956 at par. From 30 December 1969 until 21 September 1971, the Sudanese pound was at par with the pound sterling . The pound was subdivided into 100 qirsh qirush Arabic transl ar DIN , singular qirsh , transl ar DIN , English language English piastre . During the rule of the Mahdi and Khalifa, the qirsh was subdivided into 40 para . From 1916, the Egyptian qirsh was subdivided into 10 millim transl ar DIN , singular transl ar DIN , this was adopted in 1956 in Sudan. The pound was replaced in 1992 by the Sudanese dinar dinar SDD at a rate of 1 dinar 10 pounds. While the dinar circulated in north ... more details
unsourced date February 2009 Mohammed Suroor Sabban 1898&ndash 1971 was a prominent civil and state leader, politician, economist, publisher, and poet from Hejaz in the west of modern Saudi Arabia . He was born in Qunfodah , and raised in Mecca . Sabban is a civil pioneer also referred to as the father of the cultural modernism movement occurred in Hejaz at the beginnings of the twentieth century. He was a member of the Hejazi National party which striped the Hashemites crown from Hejaz in 1925. He was the owner and publisher of a significant newspaper in Hejaz Sout Al Hejaz . He established many civil institutes in Mecca in early times, such as The ambulance cultural society, and Al Qirsh Society. He also participated in forming Al Wahda sport club of Mecca. He was appointed the second minister of finance in the Saudi reign. later he was the head of the Islamic Conference. He is also known as the father of the modern Saudi economy. He embraced the liberal economic values in Saudi Arabia following the work of the Egyptian economic leader Talaat Pasha Harb . He called for collective trade instead of traditional indivisualistic or family based trade. He established dozens of trade, industrial, and financial companies in Mecca and Saudi Arabia. He established the Hejazi Library , which was among the first civic publisher houses in Hejaz and the Arabian peninsula. It published Mohammed Hasan Awwad s famous book on reform Khawater Mosarraha in 1925. Also wrote and published the first modern book in Hejaz Adab Al Hejaz . Sabban harbored the modernism movement he published another famous book supporting the modern young Hejazi poets in Al Ma aradd , which is a collection of work by the young modern Hejazis . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Sabban, Mohammed Suroor ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1898 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1971 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Sabban, Mohammed Suroor Category 1898 births Category 1971 deaths Category Me ... more details
Bekir Pasha Aqueduct , also known as the Kamares Aqueduct , is an aqueduct located in Larnaca , Cyprus at coord 34.901934 33.589239 display title,inline . It was built in 1747 by Ebubekir Pasha Abu Bekir Pasha who was the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Governor of Larnaca. ref name Mikropoulos 2008 loc 147 Harvnb Mikropoulos 2008 loc 147 . ref The aqueduct is considered to be the most prominent water supply ever built in Cyprus. ref Harvnb Michael Kappler Gavriel 2009 loc 147 . ref The aqueduct was in operation until 1939 and consists of 75 arches. ref name Mikropoulos 2008 loc 147 ref Harvnb Li Duan 2006 loc 50 . ref ref Harvnb Dubin Morris 2002 loc 87 . ref Construction The construction of the aqueduct commenced in 1747 and was completed in 1750, costing a total of 50,000 qirsh which was paid by Abu Bekir Pasha. ref name Mikropoulos 2008 loc 147 Foreign travellers have often counted it as the most important monument constructed during the Ottoman period in Cyprus. In 1754, Alexander Drummond noted that quotation For the honour of Bekir Pa a I must communicate an instance of the old gentlemen s public spirit. While he was Pa a of this land, in the year 1747, he formed the noble design of bringing water from the river at Arpera, and occasional springs on the road about six miles from hence, to supply the people of Larnaca, Salines and the shipping. A work worthy of great and good man, which might have cost him above fifty thousand piasters of six thousand pounds. ref Harvnb Drummond 1754 loc 252 . ref File Aquaduct van Larnaca.jpg thumb left References Reflist Bibliography div class references small style moz column count 2 column count 2 citation last Drummond first Alexander year 1754 chapter Travels Through Different Cities of Germany, Italy, Greece, and Several Parts of Asia etc. title Excerpta Cypria Materials for a History of Cyprus editor last Cobham editor first Claude Delaval ed place publisher General Books LLC isbn 1154940012 . citation last1 Dubin first1 Marc la ... more details
Lead too short date January 2010 Image Billets de 5000.jpg 150px thumb Banknotes of 5000 denomination in different currencies including Franc, Yen, Lire, and Dollar Denomination is a proper description of a currency amount, usually for coin s or banknote s. Denominations may also be used with other means of payment like Scrip gift card s. See also Redenomination . Subunit and super unit In a currency, there is usually a main unit base , and a subunit that is a fraction mathematics fraction of the main unit. In some countries, there are multiple levels of subunits. In the former Ottoman Empire , 1 lira 100 kuru 4000 para 12000 ak e . Today, only a few places have more than one subunit, notably Chinese language Chinese speaking regions the mainland China renminbi , the Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar dollar , and Republic of China s New Taiwan dollar . In addition, the Jordanian dinar is divided into 10 dirham, 100 qirsh piastres, or 1000 fils. Many countries where Western Europe an languages are spoken currently have their main units divided into 100 subunits. Some currencies that previously had subunits no longer do, because inflation has rendered the subunit useless. A prominent example is the Japanese yen , which was formerly divided into 100 sen or 1000 rin. Both subunits were demonetized at the end of 1953. ref Nihongo A law of the abolition of currencies in a small denomination and rounding off a fraction, July 15, 1953 Law No.60 http www.shugiin.go.jp itdb housei.nsf html houritsu 01619530715060.htm Sh gakuts ka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no has keisan ni kansuru h ritsu ref Occasionally, a super unit is used as a multiple of the main unit. Examples include Korea n won 5 Korean yang yang in 1893, Iranian toman 10 Iranian rial rials used informally today . In the Ottoman Empire , lira and kuru were super units at some point before becoming the main unit. Decimal vs. non decimal A decimal currency is a currency where the ratio between the ma ... more details
as the gineih , was introduced, replacing the Egyptian piastre qirsh as the chief unit of currency ... oshr el qirsh . These tenths were renamed milliemes malleem in 1916. The legal exchange rates were fixed ... more details
Muhammad refimprove date April 2009 Quraish sura Quraysh is also the name of a Sura Surah in the Qur an . Deleted image removed Image Early muslim leaders.gif thumb 200px Early muslim leaders from the tribe of Quraish The Quraysh or Quraish lang ar , transl ar Quray other transliterations include Quresh , Qurrish , Qurish , Qirsh , Qureshi , Kuraish , Koraish , Koreish and Coreish were a powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca and its Kaaba upon the appearance of the religion of Islam . Muhammad was born into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. Early history According to Arabic history books, the Quraysh were a branch of the Banu Kinanah tribe, which descended from the Khuzaimah. For several generations they were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five generations before Muhammad the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab . By war and diplomacy he assembled an alliance that delivered to him the keys of the Kaaba, an important pagan shrine which brought revenues to Mecca because of the multitude of pilgrims that it attracted. He then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his. Different responsibilities were apportioned between different clans. There were some rivalries among the clans, and these became especially pronounced during Muhammad s lifetime. Opposition to Muhammad Some clan leaders did not appreciate Muhammad s claim of prophethood and tried to silence him by putting pressure on his uncle, Abu Talib ibn Abd al Muttalib Abu Talib . Many of the clans also began to oppose the followers of Muhammad, for example by boycott ing them. A number of early Muslims took refuge with the Christian king of Aksumite Empire Abyssinia , ref name Donner cite book last Fred Donner Donner, Fred M. title Muhammad and the Believers year 2010 publisher The Belknap Press of Harvard University Pr ... more details
Infobox Currency currency name in local small ar icon small image 1 Saudi Riyal 5th Domination.jpg image title 1 The fifth series of the Saudi Arabian Riyal iso code SAR using countries flagicon Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia inflation rate 4,1 inflation source date http www.sama.gov.sa sites SAMAEN Pages Home.aspx Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency , Jan 2010 est. pegged with United States dollar U.S. dollar 3.75 SR subunit ratio 1 1 100 subunit name 1 halala symbol . Arabic , SR Latin , Unicode used coins 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 halala used banknotes 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 riyal issuing authority title Monetary authority issuing authority Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency issuing authority website www.sama.gov.sa The Riyal Arabic language Arabic , ISO 4217 code SAR is the currency of Saudi Arabia . It is abbreviated as . or SR Saudi Riyal . It is subdivided into 100 Halala s Arabic . The Saudi Ghirsh is 5 Halalas. History The riyal has been the currency of Saudi Arabia since the country came in to being and was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was created. The Hejaz riyal was based on though not equivalent to the Ottoman 20 Turkish lira kuru coin and was consequently divided into 20 ghirsh . However, although the Hejaz riyal was the same weight as the Ottoman 20 kuru , it was minted in .917 fineness , compared to .830 fineness for the Ottoman coin. Thus, because the first Saudi riyal had the same specifications as the Hejaz riyal and circulated alongside Ottoman coins, it came to be worth 22 Ottoman kuru and was consequently subdivided into 22 ghirsh when coins denominated in ghirsh were issued from 1925. This remained the system of currency even though the riyal was subsequently debased to a coin equivalent in silver content to the Indian rupee in 1935. Note that the Latin alphabet spelling ghirsh rather than qirsh reflects the pronunciation in Saudi Arabia, while in the Arabic script the spelling was the same as used elsewhere, . In 1 ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
