Quaddatarate or quad pumping is a communication signaling technique wherein data are transmitted at four points in the clock cycle on the rising and falling edges, and at two intermediate points between them. The intermediate points are defined by a 2nd clock that is 90 out of phase waves phase from the first. The effect is to deliver four bits of data per signal line per clock cycle. In a quaddatarate system, the data lines operate at twice the frequency of the clock signal. This is in contrast to double datarate systems where the clock and data lines operate at the same frequency. QDR technology was introduced by Intel in their Pentium 4 Willamette Willamette core Pentium 4 Central processing unit CPU , and is currently employed in their Intel Atom Atom , Pentium 4 , Celeron , Pentium D , and Core 2 Central processing unit Processor ranges. This technology has allowed Intel to produce chipsets and microprocessors that can communicate with each other at data rates expected of the traditional Front side bus FSB technology running from 400 Megatransfer MT s to 1600 Megatransfer MT s, while maintaining a lower and thus more stable actual clock frequency of 100 MHz to 400 MHz. File Quad Pumping.png center See also Double datarate Pumping computer systems Category Digital electronics Compu hardware stub fr Quaddatarate it Quad pumped es QuadDataRate ... more details
QuadDataRate QDR SRAM is a type of static RAM computer memory that can transfer up to four words of data in each clock signal clock cycle. Like DDR SDRAM Double DataRate DDR SDRAM , QDR SRAM transfers data on both rising and falling edges of the clock signal. The main purpose of this capability is to enable reads and writes to occur at high clock frequencies without the loss of bandwidth due to bus turnaround cycles incurred in DDR SRAM. QDR SRAM uses two clocks, one for read data and one for write data and has separate read and write data buses also known as Separate I O , whereas DDR SRAM uses a single clock and has a single common data bus used for both reads and writes also known as Common I O . This helps to eliminate problems caused by the propagation delay of the clock wiring, and allows ... , then NEC , Samsung and Renesas . QuadDataRate II Memory is currently being designed by Cypress Semiconductor ... the read address, A The second rising edge of K puts the data word, from address A, on the Data Out bus The next rising edge of K puts the next data word, from address A 1, on the Data Out bus External links http www.elecdesign.com Articles ArticleID 1153 1153.html QuadDataRate Description Electronic ... still has a conventional single port operations are pipelined but sequential . When all data I O ... cycles are lost for bus turnaround to avoid data contention, hence bus efficiency is reduced. Most ... communication s and computer network networking applications, where data throughput ... at 120 LET and SEU data of 1.34E 10, by using simple SECDED Hamming code. I O Clock inputs 4 clock ... enable WPS not Read enable RPS Buses One address bus and two data buses Address bus Data in bus Data out bus Clocking scheme Addresses Read address latched on rising edge of K Write address latched on rising edge of K in burst of 4 mode, burst of 2 uses rising edge of not K Data Write If WPS is low A data word on Data In is latched on rising edge of K The next data word on Data In is latched ... more details
Datarate can refer to Bit rate , or data transfer rateData signaling rateDatarate units See also Baud rate Channel capacity Throughput Bandwidth computing disambig everything in this page is falsified Long comment to prevent listing on Special Shortpages........................................................................... more details
. An alternative to double or Quaddataratequad pumping is to make the link self clocking ...refimprove date July 2009 In computing , a computer bus operating with double datarate transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal ref cite book url http books.google.com ?id pqYl3SWkA64C&pg PA314&dq 22double datarate 22 isbn 0123704901 author John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson with contributions by Andrea C. Arpaci Dusseau ... year 2007 publisher Morgan Kaufmann location Amsterdam title Computer architecture a quantitative approach ref . This is also known as double ... frequency . By using both edges of the clock, the data signals operate with the same limiting frequency, thereby doubling the data transmission rate. This technique has been used for microprocessor ... generally talks about 500 MHz, double datarate or 1000 MT s , but people will refer casually to a 1000 ... s data transfer rate , and a 64 bit 8 byte wide DIMM operated at that datarate is called PC 1600, after .... Note that DDR SDRAM only uses double datarate signalling telecommunications signalling on the data ... using double datarate. Notes references See also DDR SDRAM , DDR2 SDRAM , and DDR3 SDRAM which all use DDR signalling Quaddatarate Pumping computer systems Category Digital electronics Category Clock signal de Double DataRate eu Double DataRate fr Double datarate no Double DataRate pt Double datarate ..., requires that the clock signal changes twice per transfer, while the data lines change at most ... with high data transfer speed requirements e.g. for the output of analog to digital converter s ADC s ref see for example Analog Devices AD9467 ADC http www.analog.com static imported files data sheets AD9467.pdf data sheet ref . DDR should not be confused with Dual channel architecture dual channel ... of referring to the bus bandwidth in megabytes per second , the product of the transfer rate and the bus ... more details
In telecommunication , effective data transfer rate is the average number of units of data , such as bits, characters, blocks, or frames, transferred per unit time from a source and accepted as valid by a Sink computing sink . Note The effective data transfer rate is usually expressed in bits, characters, blocks, or frames per second. The effective data transfer rate may be averaged over a period of seconds, minutes, or hours. References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications terms Category Units of information telecomm stub ... more details
Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 In telecommunication , data signaling rate DSR , also known as gross bit rate , is the aggregate rate at which data pass a point in the transmission telecommunications transmission data link path of a data transmission system . Notes The DSR is usually expressed in bits per second . The data signal information theory signaling rate is given by math sum i 1 m frac log 2 n i T i math where m is the number of parallel channels, n sub i sub is the number of significant conditions of the modulation in the i th channel communications channel , and T sub i sub is the Unit interval data transmission unit interval , expressed in seconds, for the i th ... rate is 2400 bit s on the serial communications serial input side, but the modulation rate is only 1200 bauds on the 4 phase output side. Transmission DataRate Terminology class wikitable style text align center border 1px DataRate Abbreviation Lower Upper Extremely Low DataRate ELDR 300 bit s 3 kbit s Very Low DataRate VLDR 3 kbit s 30 kbit s Low DataRate LDR 30 kbit s 300 kbit s Medium DataRate MDR 300 kbit s 3 Mbit s High DataRate HDR 3 Mbit s 30 Mbit s Very High DataRate VHDR 30 Mbit s 300 Mbit s Ultra High DataRate UHDR 300 Mbit s 3 Gbit s Super High DataRate SHDR 3 Gbit s 30 Gbit s Extremely High DataRate EHDR 30 Gbit s 300 Gbit s Based upon proposal from davisnetworks.com. 1 Mbit s is defined as 1,000,000 bits per second signal datarate OSI Layer 1 . DataRate and Standard class wikitable DataRate Standard 155 Mb s OC 3 622 Mb s OC 12 1063 Mb s Fibre Channel ... FEC 11.300 Gb s 10 G Fibre Channel See also Bit rate Bandwidth computing Baud Line rate Maximum user signaling rate Transfer rate References FS1037C Category Data transmission Category Units of measure ... rate expressed in bauds. signal information theory Signal processors, such as four Phase waves phase modems, cannot change the DSR, but the modulation rate depends on the telephone line line ... more details
In telecommunications, bit rate or data transfer rate is the average number of bit s, characters, or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission system. This is typically measured ... . In the context of datarate units, one byte refers to Octet computing 8 bits . For example, when ..., literally, milli bit per second is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000,000 bits per second ... second A gigabit per second Gbit s , Gb s , or Gbps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000 ... , and tebi Kibibit per second A kibibit per second Kibit s or Kib s is a unit of data transfer rate ... per second A mebibit per second Mibit s or Mib s is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,048,576 ... s or Gib s is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,073,741,824 bits per second or 1,048,576 kibibits ... s is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,099,511,627,776 bits per second or 1,073,741,824 kibibits ... . Kilobyte per second A kilobyte per second is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8,000 bits ... A terabyte per second TB s or TBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8,000,000,000,000 bits ... A kibibyte per second KiB s or KiBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,024 bytes per second ... s or MiBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,048,576 bytes per second, or 1,024 kibibyte s per ... per second A gibibyte per second GiB s or GiBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,073,741,824 ... 1,000 Audio data low bit rate telephone quality 32 kbit s align right 32,000 align right 4,000 Audio ... See also Binary prefix Bit rate List of device bandwidths Orders of magnitude data SI prefix Notes references ... uno news99.html What is a kilobyte? DEFAULTSORT DataRate Units Category Telecommunications ... . bit rates Avoiding confusion See also2 Bit rate for the differences between gross bitrate and net ... with Mbps Mega bits per second A megabyte per second MB s or MBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8,000,000 bits per second, or 1,000,000 bytes per second, or 1,000 kilobytes per second ... more details
Quad core , a multi core processor with 4 cores Quadtree , a tree data structure typically used ...wiktionarypar quad quadri TOCright Quad may refer to Architecture Quadrangle architecture Quadrangle in architecture, e.g., on a university campus Quad, a dormitory room or suite housing four residents Quad Cities , a region which includes the Iowa cities of Bettendorf and Davenport and the Illinois cities of Moline, East Moline, and Rock Island Armaments Quad indicates four guns in a single weapon ... to its Dubbel and Tripel sister styles. Games Quad Damage, a Quake series Quake and Unreal Tournament power up Quad, a type of combined robotic enemy in the Nintendo Gamecube game Metroid Prime 2 Quad more commonly Quads , List of poker hands Four of a kind four of a kind in poker Quad, a Harkonnen attack vehicle from the computer game Dune 2 Quad cannon, an anti air weapon in Command & Conquer Generals International Trade The Quadrilateral group of finance ministers Music, theatre and film Quad play Quad play , by Samuel Beckett Quad music , a musical project by Gary Ramon Quad cinema , art house in New York City Quad Electroacoustics , a British manufacturer of electronic amplifiers, tuners ... , a 1973 album by The Who Tenor Drum Multi tenor drums Quad Toms , marching percussion instrument film poster Quad , a film poster in the United Kingdom typically measuring convert 30 x 40 in cm ... John Callahan s Quads , an animated series from Nelvana Quad, a unit of computer storage measurement in the fictional Star Trek universe Derby QUAD , an arts centre in Derby, England The Quad, a part ... David R. Francis Quadrangle Rez Quad University of Alabama Quad Politics In the United Kingdom the informal ... quadrupedalism Quadruped , a creature or mechanism which moves on four legs Quad energy , a unit ... of a 15 minute map Quadrilateralized Spherical Cube , a mapping scheme for data collected on a spherical surface, such as a planet QUaD , a telescope located at the South Pole that is designed ... more details
Image 050128quad from crane.jpg right thumb 400px A photograph of the QUaD telescope inside its groundshield taken from a crane above the telescope. QUaD , ref cite journal author QUaD collaboration title First season QUaD CMB temperature and polarization power spectra year 2007 arxiv 0705.2359v1 ref an acronym for QUEST at DASI , is a ground based CMB cosmic microwave backrground CMB Polarization waves polarization experiment located at the South Pole . QUEST Q and U E xtragalactic S ub mm T elescope was the original name attributed to the bolometer detector instrument, while Degree Angular Scale Interferometer DASI is a famous CMB interferometry experiment credited with the first detection of CMB polarization. QUaD uses the existing DASI mechanical infrastructure but replaces the DASI interferometric array with a bolometer detector at the end of a Cassegrain reflector cassegrain optical system. TOC See also Cosmic microwave background radiation Cosmic microwave background experiments References Reflist External links http www.stanford.edu schurch quad.html http find.uchicago.edu quad CMB experiments coord 90 00 S 139 16 W display title Category Submillimetre telescopes Category Radio telescopes Category Cosmic microwave background experiments Category Astronomy in the Antarctic observatory stub it QUaD no QUaD ... more details
Wiktionarypar rateRate or rates may refer to Rate mathematics , a specific kind of ratio, in which two measurements are related to each other Rate of travel, or velocity Naval rating or rate, terms used to designate specialty or seniority of enlisted naval personnel. Rate of a ship , a term indicating a sail ship s firepower in the British Royal Navy Bit rate , number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time Rates , a Portuguese parish and town located in the municipality of P voa de Varzim In science and finance Rate function , a function used to quantify the probabilities of a rare event Rates tax , a type of taxation system used to fund local government Reaction rate in Chemistry Exchange rate , specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other In human growth Birth rate , the natality or childbirths per 1,000 people per year Mortality rate , a measure of the number of deaths in some population As an initialism Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth , a project of creation geophysics See also lookfrom intitle Rating disambiguation disambig da Rate fr Rate homonymie wa Rate ... more details
QUAD is a high performance Data compression data compressor based on the LZ algorithms LZ77 and LZ78 LZ77 , LZ77 and LZ78 LZ78 , Lempel Ziv Welch LZW . It s designed to produce small files but still decompress fast and with little memory. QUAD is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL . External links http quad.sourceforge.net Category Archive formats Category Free data compression software Category Lossless compression algorithms storage software stub ... more details
A quad edge data structure is a computer representation of the topology of a dimension two dimensional or three dimensional CW complex map , that is, a graph theory graph drawn on a closed surface . Overview The quad edge data structure represents simultaneously both the map, its dual graph dual and mirror image. can represent the most general form of a map, admitting vertices and faces of degree 1 and 2. is a variant of the earlier winged edge data structure. The fundamental idea behind the quad edge structure is the recognition that a single edge, in a closed polygonal mesh topology, sits between exactly two faces and exactly two vertices. Thus, it can represent a dual of the graph simply by reversing the convention on what is a vertex and what is a face. Details The quad edge structure gets its name from the general mechanism by which they are stored. A single Edge structure conceptually stores references to up to two faces, two vertices, and 4 edges. The four edges stored are the edges starting with the two vertices that are attached to the two stored faces. Uses Much like winged edge Winged Edge , quad edge structures are used in programs to store the topology of a 2D or 3D polygonal mesh. The mesh itself does not need to be closed in order to form a valid quad edge structure. Using a quad edge structure, iterating through the topology is quite easy. Often, the interface to quad edge topologies is through directed edges. This allows the two vertices to have explicit names start and end , and this gives faces explicit names as well left and right, relative to a person standing ... edge Doubly connected edge list References The quad edge data structure was described in the paper ... links http www.cs.cmu.edu afs andrew scs cs 15 463 2001 pub src a2 quadedge.html A quad edge implementation in C . http www.ic.unicamp.br stolfi EXPORT software c 2000 05 04 libquad A quad edge ... Computer graphics data structures ... more details
About the hi fi manufacturer the music project Quad music Infobox company company name QUAD ELECTROACOUSTICS LIMITED company type private limited company logo Image Quad Hifi Logo.png center 225px foundation ... homepage http www.quad hifi.co.uk www.quad hifi.co.uk footnotes Quad Electroacoustics is a British ... audio market. The name QUAD is an acronym for Quality Unit Amplifier Domestic , used to describe the QUAD I amplifier. In 1983, when having become known for their QUAD range of products, the Acoustical Manufacturing Co. Ltd changed its name to QUAD Electroacoustics Ltd . In 1995, QUAD Electroacoustics ... whether or not Quad can any longer be considered a truly British hi fi producer. Citation needed date ... File Quad 33 Front.jpg thumb Quad 33 pre amp Image Harumphy.Quad ii.jpg thumb Quad II ... QUAD 22 pre amplifier.html Keith snook.info ref control unit was developed and released in 1959. This was a stereo control unit that was designed to be used with a pair of QUAD II mono amplifiers. To complement the QUAD II, the company also produced AM broadcasting AM and FM broadcasting FM ... powered models in 1966 with the professional QUAD 50 monoblock which had a tapped transformer .... Up until 1995 the end of the British QUAD era the number of the power amplifier indicated the total ... br The 500 series was a slight variation Product Range Control Unit Pre Amplifiers QUAD 33 1967 to 1982 120,000 units br QUAD 44 1979 to 1989 40,000 units br QUAD 34 1982 to 1995 41,000 units br QUAD 66 1989 to 1996 12,000 units br QUAD 77 br QUAD 99 Current Dumping Power Amplifiers QUAD 405 1975 to 1982 64,000 units br Quad 405 2 1982 to 1993 100,000 units br Quad 306 1986 to 1995 25,000 units br Quad 606 1986 to 1997 27,700 units br Quad 707 br Quad 909 Other Conventional Power Amplifiers Quad 303 1967 to 1985 94,000 br Quad 77 Integrated Loudspeakers File Quad ESL 57 luidspreker.jpg thumb Quad ... room resonances. Quad addressed the ESL 57 s limitations to some degree with the ESL 63, introduced ... more details
Infobox company company name Quad Graphics, Inc. company logo File Quad Graphics logo.jpg company type Public company Public NYSE QUAD company slogan Innovative people redefining print foundation 1971 founder Harry V. Quadracci location Sussex, Wisconsin , United States key people Joel Quadracci, President ... Route 41 Quad Graphics is an United States American printing company, based in Sussex, Wisconsin ... The company has forty ref name PrintFacilities cite web title Quad Graphics North American print production facilities url http www.qg.com aboutus platform na print production.asp publisher Quad Graphics ... Europe , Canada , and Latin America . Quad prints numerous magazines, including BusinessWeek ... . In 2010, Quad Graphics acquired competitor World Color Press . ref name WCannouncement Cite web url http www.qg.com news quad news detail.asp?NewMessageID 31402 title Quad Graphics To Acquire WorldColor Press Release accessdate 2010 11 01 ref As a result of the acquisition, the number of Quad Graphics ... story quadgraphics completes acquisition of worldcolor 2010 07 02?reflink MW news stmp title Quad ... of World Color Press. ref name PlantConsolidation Cite web url http www.qg.com news quad news detail.asp?NewMessageID 35074 title Quad Graphics Begins Plant Consolidation Phase of Integration Plan accessdate 2010 08 06 ref In November 2010, Quad Graphics, Inc acquired Commercial and Specialty Products Printer HGI Company. ref cite web title Quad Graphics Acquires Commercial and Specialty ... 2010 ref In July 2011, Quad announced an asset swap with Transcontinental Inc where Quad would acquire ... export in exchange for seven of Quad Graphics Canadian facilities. ref Cite web url http www.qg.com news quad news detail.asp?NewMessageID 38718 title Quad Graphics to Acquire Mexican Printing Assets ... reflist External links http www.qg.com QG.com Quad Graphics homepage Milwaukee Based Companies Category ... stub Wisconsin stub pt Quad Graphics ... more details
For other uses of the term Quad disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2010 Quad or QUAD was the name of a solo music project by Gary Ramon . During his six year hiatus from Sun Dial , Ramon embarked on an ambitious solo project, Quad, which combined ambient electronica with kraut rock . The result was a pair of self titled album s. The first of these was released on Ramon s own Acme Records in 1997 as a 1000 copy limited edition on 12 clear gramophone record vinyl with a transparent sleeve. The second Quad album was released in 1998 on the Prescription Records Prescription label as a 99 copy limited edition Vinyl record LP . A 1999 United States American re release of the first album on CD and 10 LP on the Man s Ruin label was scheduled, but eventually cancelled. Both albums are now highly sought after collectors items. Citation needed date December 2010 See also Sun Dial External links http www.sundial.org.uk discography.html Quad discography on the Sun Dial official website DEFAULTSORT Quad music Category British rock music groups Category Psychedelic musical groups ... more details
Infobox building name Quad native name former names alternate names image Derby Quad corner.jpg alt caption Quad by Jonathon Gill map type map alt map caption altitude building type Arts centre architectural style structural system cost ren cost location Market Place location town Derby location country England , United Kingdom address Market Place, Derby, DE1 3AS client owner current tenants landlord coordinates start date completion date 2008 inauguration date 26 September 2008 renovation date demolition date destruction date height diameter other dimensions floor count floor area main contractor architect architecture firm Feilden Clegg Bradley structural engineer services engineer civil engineer other designers quantity surveyor awards ren architect ren firm ren str engineer ren serv engineer ren civ engineer ren oth designers ren qty surveyor ren awards url http www.derbyquad.co.uk references Derby QUAD also referred to as QUAD Derby is an arts centre in Derby , United Kingdom , first opened on 26 September 2008. It has a steel and glass design by Bath architects Feilden Clegg Bradley . When it was chosen over competing designs by Derby council cabinet in 2004 it was considered controversial. ref http www.bbc.co.uk derby features 2004 03 quadquad chosen.shtml Quad the chosen design , BBC Derby, accessed September 2009 ref QUAD provides an art gallery, two cinemas, artists studios, and a cafe bar. ref http www.artscouncil.org.uk pressnews press detail.php?rid 2&id 1035 Arts ... out , Steve Rose, Guaurdian.co.uk, accessed September 2009 ref QUAD is a movie theater cinema , art gallery gallery , cafe and workshop space that anyone can use. QUAD connects people and businesses ... and a British Film Institute BFI M diath que which you can use to watch various videos. QUAD runs ... http www.twitter.com DerbyQUAD Derby QUAD Twitter coord 52.9232 1.4755 type landmark region GB display title DEFAULTSORT Derby Quad Category Arts centres in England Category Visitor attractions in Derbyshire ... more details
A quad coup is a car body style featuring bi parting side doors &ndash located either on one or both sides of the vehicle. The bi parting doors typically feature a longer front door and a short rear door, without a pillar car pillar in between. The configuration offers the utility of a 4 doors, though the doors operate inter dependently. The forward door must always be opened before the rear door &ndash which opens in a suicide doors rear hinged fashion &ndash can be opened. Gallery gallery File Mazda rx 8 side both doors open.jpg 2003 2008 Mazda RX 8 quad coup , showing both doors open File Ion1.jpg 2007 Saturn Ion quad coup . File Mazda RX 8 on freeway.jpg 2003 2008 Mazda RX 8 quad coup . gallery See also Coup CarConfig nav Auto stub Category Car body styles zh ... more details
Infobox Encryption method name QUAD image caption designers C me Berbain, Henri Gilbert and Jacques Patarin publish date May 28, 2006 at Eurocrypt derived from derived to related to certification key size 80 bits structure multivariate system of quadratic equations cryptanalysis In cryptography , the QUAD ... in mind. Description QUAD relies on the iteration of a randomly chosen multivariate quadratic system ... of n GF q first generated values Q sub 1 sub x ,..., Q sub n sub x QUAD is a modern stream ... of the keystream generation of QUAD is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of the MQ ... recommend to use a version of QUAD with a 80 bit key, 80 bit IV and an internal state of n 160 ... been produced. At Eurocrypt 2006, speed reports were presented for QUAD instances with 160 bit state ... schemes as well as the QUAD stream cipher studied in part the impact of changing the size of the field ... security theorem for QUAD is valid for the field GF 2 only, and recommended parameters does not achieve to get a contradiction with the proof of security. The authors of QUAD who gave the security theorem acknowledged that a break of QUAD at their suggested parameters does not contradict the proof ... Analysis of Quad and found some of them very insecure. Their paper discusses both theoretical and practical aspects of attacking QUAD and of attacking the underlying hard problem. For example, this paper shows how to use XL Wiedemann to break the GF 256 instance QUAD 256, 20, 20 in approximately ... sup 110 sup to solve an instance of the QUAD 2,160,160 version recommended by the authors of QUAD using ... that will be provably secure would be QUAD 2,320,320 , that is, twice as wide as originally ... of QUAD for more efficient implementations is proposed by Liu et al. see reference Secure PRNGs from Specialized Polynomial Maps over Any F sub q sub . References cite web title QUAD ... fse2007 254.pdf accessdate 2008 03 18 cite web title Analysis of QUAD date 2007 03 03 url http cr.yp.to ... more details
Image Christ Church college Quadrangle Oxford UK.JPG thumb 250px View of Tom Quad including Tom Tower . Image Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004 01 21.jpg thumb 250px Winter view of Tom Quad in the snow. The Great Quadrangle , more popularly known as Tom Quad , is one of the quadrangles of Christ Church, Oxford , England . It is the largest college Quadrangle architecture quad in Oxford , measuring 264 by 261 feet. Although it was begun by Cardinal Wolsey , he was unable to complete it. Wolsey planned that it would actually be a cloister , and the supports required for this can be seen at short intervals around the quadrangle. The quad was finished when John Fell clergyman John Fell was Dean. The funds for the building of Tom Quad were found from the suppression of three Norbertine abbeys. It is dominated to the west by Tom Tower , designed by Sir Christopher Wren . On the east side is the entrance to Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford Christ Church Cathedral and at the south east corner is the entrance to the college dining hall . The north contains the homes of the Canon priest canons of Christ Church, and much of the east side is taken up with the Deanery , in which the Dean of the college lives. On the north east side, the quad leads, via Kilcannon, to Peckwater Quadrangle and the college library. In the north west part of the quad is the Junior Common Room JCR . Parts of the quad are still lived in by undergraduates, including the staircase above the Porter s lodge, known as Bachelors Row , to the left of the quadrangle when entered via Tom Gate. Bachelors Row is only inhabited by first year male undergraduates. In the centre of the quad, there is an ornamental pond with a statue of Mercury mythology Mercury . In the past, it was traditional for hearties sporty students to throw aesthetes more artistic students into this pond. Currently, entrance to Mercury carries a heavy fine for undergraduates. The pond also contains a large Koi carp apparently worth a large amount of money ... more details
Cleanup date February 2008 Image Quad Antenna.png right thumb 210px patent US2537191 Image Quad Antenna.jpg right thumb 210px A quad antenna. The quad antenna is an Antenna radio antenna which is frequently ... to as a Cubical Quad since it will be an approximate cube . History It was developed by Clarence ... must have been answered, for gradually as we worked the vision of a quad shaped antenna gradually ... discharge. End effect , which is inherent with the Yagi, is absent in a quad because its elements have ... than that of a Yagi. Advantages over a Yagi Uda Rigorous testing of the quad antenna, reported in William Orr s authoritative All About Cubical Quad Antennas , and others, have illustrated the following advantages over a Yagi Uda antenna. Higher Gain The 2 element Quad has almost the same gain as a 3 element Yagi Uda about 7.5 dB over a dipole. Likewise, a 3 element Quad has more gain than a 3 element Yagi Uda. However, adding quad elements produces diminishing returns. Quoting from William Orr ..., it would seem... that maximum practical number of parasitic loop elements for the Quad array ... A two element, three band quad, with elements mounted only 35 feet above ground, will give good performance ... Book. Shorter Boom William Orr s book shows a 10 15 20 meter, 2 element Quad with boom length of 6 ... of a multi band Quad are quite low, even when fed with a single feed line . Orr, Pg. 63 Lower Angle ... for a 3 element Quad antenna that is tuned for maximum gain is limited because excursions ... O Antenna Prototype An improvement over the Quad design has been claimed by N8PPQ. In 2008 he introduced ... elements. He claims slightly higher gain over the Quad due to its circular form circles being the shape that the Quad only roughly approximates. Here is his list of reported improvements over the Quad antenna Lower Cost Higher Gain Lighter in Weight Less Wind Ice Loading Easier to Install ... All about Cubical Quad Antennas by William I Orr William I. Orr , ISBN 0933616031, ISBN 9780933616035 ... more details
UK centric date November 2011 File Yamaha Kodiak Ultramatic.jpg thumb A Yamaha Quad bike A Quad bike is recognised by UK law as a vehicle with four wheels and a mass of less than 550 kg. ref cite news url http www.dvla.gov.uk media pdf leaflets inf45.pdf title Your full driving license date 2006 08 18 accessdate 2008 04 16 publisher DVLA Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref To drive a quad bike on a public road, in the UK, requires a B1 licence as well as tax, insurance and registration. History 19th century Royal Enfield built and sold the first powered quadracycle in 1893. It had many bicycle components, including handle bars. The Royal Enfield resembles a modern All terrain vehicle ATV style quad bike but was designed as a form of Brass Era car horseless carriage for road use ... 20th century In the 1970s Honda started to make trikes and quad bikes based on their motorbikes which became the modern UK quad bike. ref cite web url http atc90.tripod.com hondaatc90 id17.html title ... issues of cars classed as quad bikes are illustrated by the case of the G Wiz REVA . This neighborhood ... has been a major issue with quad bikes due to the high number of deaths and injuries associated with them ... including farmers and quad bike manufacturers, Australia s Heads of Workplace Safety Authorities HWSA ... to reduce the high number of deaths and serious injuries associated with quad bike use. Apart from ... crush protection on the market was the Australian made Quad bar which was vigorously opposed by the industry ... ineffective, but could add to the risk to injury or death. While quad bike safety has mainly focused ... 6eec848e c9d7 41a4 a9d5 fe243eef93f2.pdf Quad Bike Industry Solutions Program Trans Tasman Working Group ref ref http www.abc.net.au 7.30 content 2011 s3317049.htm How safe are Quad bikes ref ref http ... ref http quadbar.com.au Quad bar ref ref http www.fcai.com.au news all all 280 fcai moves to de bunk ... Quad Bike At MIT Institute of Design, Pune, Maharashtra, India DEFAULTSORT Quad Bike Category ATVs ... more details
refimprove date May 2011 Merge to Multiple buffering date July 2011 Quad buffering is a technology for implementing Stereoscopy stereoscopic frame rendering in computer graphics . For stereoscopic rendering, each eye must receive a separate image. Quad buffering uses double buffering with a front buffer and back buffer for each eye, totaling four buffers Left front buffer Left back buffer Right front buffer Right back buffer Similarly to the v sync in 2D mode, quad buffering allows to swap the front and back buffers for both eyes in sync, allowing the display to seamless work with different rendering frame rates. Quad buffering requires special support by the graphic card and is therefore not available on many low cost models. 3D standards like OpenGL ref http www.opengl.org registry doc glspec30.20080811.pdf OpenGL 3.0 Specification, Chapter 4 ref and Direct3D support quad buffering. AMD s HD3D ref http www.amd.com us products technologies amd hd3d Pages hd3d.aspx HD3D ref exposes the quad buffer for game and software developers allowing native 3D, an open HD3D SDK is available. Although, for now, only DirectX 9, 10 and 11 are supported. ref http developer.amd.com sdks QuadBufferSDK Pages default.aspx HD3D SDK ref AMD HD3D does not support Windows XP ref http www.tridef.com product support faqs?string hd3d FAQ s TriDef 3D ref . See also Stereoscopy LC shutter glasses Nvidia 3D Vision References reflist 2 Category Computer graphics algorithms compu graphics stub ... more details
gallery gallery Unreferenced date July 2009 A Quad Helix or quadhelix is an orthodontic appliance for the upper teeth that is cemented in the mouth . It is attached to the Molar tooth molar s by 2 bands and has Two or four active helix spring device springs that widen the arch of the mouth to make room for crowded teeth, or correct a posterior cross bite, where lower teeth are buccal outer than upper teeth. It is usually made from 38 mil stainless steel wire and is primarily indicated in mixed dentition, cleft patients and those that have performed the act of thumbsucking. A variety of this appliance is inserted into attachments that are welded to the bands. In this way the orthodontist can adjust the appliance without removing the bands. medical equipment stub dentistry stub Category Orthodontics Category Dental equipment orthodontology de Headgear fr Quad H lix ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Image Figure roller skates.jpg thumb right 200px Example of quad skate. The four wheeled turning roller skates roller skate , or quad skate , with four wheel s set in two side by side pairs, was first designed in 1863 in New York City by James Leonard Plimpton in an attempt to improve upon previous designs. The skate contained a pivoting action using a rubber cushion, and this allowed the skater to skate a curve just by leaning to one side. It was a huge success, so much so that the first public skating rink was opened in 1866 in Newport, Rhode Island with the support of Plimpton. The design of the quad skate allowed easier turns and maneuverability. The quad skate came to dominate the industry for more than a century. Arguably, the most important advance in the realistic use of roller skates as a pleasurable pastime took place in Birmingham, England in 1876 when William Bown patented a design for the wheels of roller skates. Bown s design embodied his effort to keep the two bearing surfaces of an axle , fixed and moving, apart. Bown worked closely with Joseph Henry Hughes , who drew up the patent for a ball or roller bearing race for bicycle and carriage wheels in 1877. Hughes patent included all the elements of an adjustable system. These two men are responsible for modern day roller skate and skateboard wheels, as well as the ball bearing race inclusion in velocipede s later to become motorbike s and automobile s. Another improvement came in 1876, when the toe stop was first patented. This provided skaters with the ability to stop promptly upon tipping the skate onto the toe. Toe stops are still used today on most quad skates and on some types ... a screw, the ancestor of the kingbolt mechanism on modern quad skates. Image 1908 PatinsRoulettes.jpg ... brand . Turner and Zaidman, 1997 . The design of the quad skate has remained essentially unchanged since ... century. Popular culture The folk singer Melanie Melanie Safka wrote a song about quad skates called ... more details
Image USEnFlow02 quads.gif 300px thumb A Sankey diagram using quads. A quad is a unit of energy equal to 10 sup 15 sup a Long and short scales short scale quadrillion BTU , ref cite web url http matse1.mse.uiuc.edu energy glos.html title Energy Glossary publisher Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign quote QUAD an amount of energy equal to 10 sup 15 sup BTU. ref or 1.055 × 10 sup 18 sup joule s 1.055 exajoules or EJ in SI units. The unit is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. Not just in the US? The World energy consumption global primary energy production in 2004 was 446 quad, equivalent to 471 EJ. ref cite web url http www.eia.doe.gov pub international iealf table18.xls title World Consumption of Primary Energy by Energy Type and Selected Country accessdate 2007 05 12 author Energy Information Administration authorlink Energy Information Administration date 2006 07 31 format Microsoft Excel Excel spreadsheet work International Energy Annual 2004 ref Some common types of an energy carrier approximately equal 1 quad are 8,007,000,000 Gallons US of gasoline 293,083,000,000 Kilowatt hours kWh 36,000,000 Tonnes of coal 970,434,000,000 Cubic feet of natural gas 5,996,000,000 UK gallons of diesel oil 25,200,000 Tonnes of oil 252,000,000 tonnes of TNT or five times the energy of the Tsar Bomba nuclear test. References reflist measurement stub Category Units of energy it Quad unit di misura ... more details
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