File Mob Quad.jpg thumb right Mob Quad in 2005, looking north east Mob Quad is a four sided group of buildings from the 13th and 14th centuries in Merton College, Oxford surrounding a small lawn. It is often claimed to be the oldest quadrangle architecture quadrangle in Oxford , ref For example, see Bott, p.16 ref but Merton s own Front Quad was certainly enclosed earlier ref Martin & Highfield, p.43 ref and the same form was probably developed independently elsewhere. The claim is also disputed by Corpus Christi College, Cambridge which claims that its own Corpus Christi College, Cambridge Buildings Old Court is the oldest structure of its type in either Oxford or Cambridge . The pattern has since been copied at many other colleges and universities worldwide. It was built in three distinct phases. The oldest part is the college s Treasury or muniment Muniment Room that stands above and behind the arch in the north east corner. The roof of this part is strikingly steep and is made of stone in order to protect it and its contents from fire. The steep pitch of the roof is necessary to support the weight of the stone. The present roof was restored with new Purbeck marble Purbeck stone in 1966. The upper floor has always been used to store the college muniments, the ground floor was probably the original bursary . It is not known exactly when the building was completed, but there are references ... Mob Quad from Chapel Tower.jpg thumb Mob Quad in 2003, from Merton College Chapel tower This range ... Savile s rebuilding work which began in 1589. File Merton college mob quad half tone 1910.jpg thumb Mob Quad in 1910, looking north west The origin of the name Mob Quad is obscure. On older plans and accounts the quad is called variously Little Quadrangle, Old Quadrangle, Bachelors Quadrangle that is, Bachelor ... for Mob Quad until the end of the 18th century. ref Highfield 1991, loc. cit. ref It was possibly originally ... Mob Quad in the eighteenth century and at other times journal Postmaster The Merton Record issue October ... more details
about the five cities known collectively as the Quad Cities Use mdy dates date November 2011 Infobox Metropolitan Area MSA name nowrap Quad Cities name Quad Cities map Quad Cities.png largest city Davenport ... Bettendorf, Iowa , and Moline, Illinois , is located near the geographic center of the Quad Cities. The Quad Cities ref name qc cite web title Welcome to the Quad Cities publisher City Guide Post ... Visitor Information publisher Illinois Quad Cites Chamber of Commerce url http www.quadcitychamber.com ... Moline, Illinois East Moline in Illinois , are the center of the Quad Cities Metropolitan Area , which ... Note Quad City population is equivalent to adding up the populations of Scott County, Iowa and Rock .... ref The name Quad Cities for a group of five is based on the Evolution of an identity history of the community . Geography The Quad Cities are located at the confluence of the Rock and Mississippi ... 80 crosses the Mississippi River here. The Quad Cities area is distinctive because the Mississippi ... and Bettendorf are located due north of Rock Island and Moline, respectively. The Quad Cities ... by a river. The Quad Cities Metropolitan Area consists of four counties Scott County, Iowa Scott ..., Illinois Rock Island counties in Illinois . The Quad City metro population is 379,690. ref name 2010pop The Quad Cities Metropolitan Area is also considered part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis ... Early history Before European settlers came to inhabit the Quad Cities, the confluence of rivers ... settlements in the Quad Cities was stimulated by riverboat traffic. For fourteen miles 21 km ... past the Rapids. ref cite book author Frederick Anderson, ed. title Joined by a River The Quad Cities ... and industrialists to the Quad Cities for development. In 1848, John Deere inventor John Deere moved ... is the largest employer today in the Quad Cities. The first railroad bridge built across the Mississippi ... of Rock Island County , during the 1930s the term Quad Cities came into vogue, as East Moline was given ... more details
coord 40.735977 73.995904 display title The Quad Cinema is New York City s first four screen movie theater , ref name War Edward Lewine , http www.nytimes.com 1997 12 07 nyregion new yorkers co the war of the film worlds.html The War of the Film Worlds , The New York Times , December 7, 1997 ref and, according to its founder, the East Coast s first Multiplex movie theater multiplex . ref name Secrets Maurice Kanbar , Secrets from an Inventor s Notebook Council Oak Books, 2001 , ISBN 9781571780997, pp. 12ff. http books.google.com books?id EeD0mCXFyO0C&lpg PP1&dq Maurice 20Kanbar&pg PA12 Excerpt available at Google Books ref Located in Greenwich Village , it was opened by entrepreneur Maurice Kanbar , along with his younger brother Elliott Kanbar, ref http www.zoominfo.com search search profile person?personId 258021956&targetid profile Elliott Kanbar Profile at Zoom Info ref in October 1972. ref name Interview Ken Hanley, http nycarthousetheaters.blogspot.com 2010 03 group ken hanley james forbes jesse.html Interview with Elliott Kanbar , http nycarthousetheaters.blogspot.com New York ... and a vibrant center for art house films. ref http cinematreasures.org theater 7217 Quad ... even with smaller audiences at most screenings, so he opened the Quad, which he calls the East ... by Bernard Goldberg, executive vice president of Golden Theatre Management, operator of the Quad ...&dq 22Bernard Goldberg 22 quad cinema&source bl&ots 0tPnRKYWRL&sig DZYRVN3dICFwX2bhGulHfOr2BzQ&hl pt ... s operations. Facing new competition from new theaters opening in Lower Manhattan , the Quad adopted ... successful, although it also led to competition between the Quad and other downtown art film exhibitors ... audience for certain films. ref name Interview In March 2010, the Quad announced a new initiative ... wall distribution . ref Brian Brooks, http www.indiewire.com article nycs quad cinema opens diy theatrical ... Quad Cinema Other art houses in Manhattan https tickets.landmarktheatres.com ticketing.aspx ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Quad I.JPG thumb right Stills from the original 1981 broadcast For other uses of the term, see Quad . File Samuel Beckett s Quad .jpg thumb A performance of Samuel Beckett s Quad at ARTSaha 2006 in Omaha, NE by the Blue Barn Theater s Witching Hour. Samuel Beckett s Quad was written ... Two . Quad has a musical structure. It is a kind of Canon music canon or catch a mysterious square ..., an empty quad, and travellers deflect their steps away from O. ref Brienza, S. D., Perilous Journeys ... further however, indeed Quad may be regarded as the fulfilment onstage of the goal he had set himself ... Colin Smythe, 1988 , p 10 ref Synopsis Quad I Quad is based on a geometrical figure and on permutations ... BA AD Image Quad Diagram.jpg thumb right Collected Shorter Plays of Samuel Beckett, Faber and Faber ... but, in reality, the whole set was completed in nine an a half minutes. Quad II Near the end of the taping ... production of Quad rebroadcast on a black and white monitor, he decided instantly to create Quad ... for Quad . ref Gontarski, S.E., http iupjournals.org jml mod22 1.html Revising Himself Performance ... goes that, watching technicians testing the image quality of Quad , the most hectic and raucous ... at half the pace. The new section, called Quad II , lasts four minutes as it only allows for one series of movements, compared to the four in Quad I . The second version was a masterstroke, a second ... Inferno Inferno . Quad is indeed a sinister piece. ref Gontarski, S. E., http www.english.fsu.edu jobs num09 Num9Gontarski 20Review.htm Quad I & II Beckett s sinister mime s in Journal of Beckett Studies ... Press, 1998 , p 415 ref Beckett replied 20th Nov 1981 Can t see Quad on stage. But by all means ... Harvard University Press, 1998 , p 416 ref Later 6th Feb 1982 he made a qualifying remark Quad ..., P., Eds. Aesthetics London Oxford University Press, 1997 , p 28 ref The building blocks of Quad ... Inglesa y Norteamericana Buenos Aires 3.1 2 Mayo Nov 1998 , pp 77 102 ref Both Come and Go and Quad ... more details
File Bundesarchiv Bild 183 1982 0819 033, Nationalmannschaft, DDR, Doppelvierer.jpg thumb right Quad scull Germany 1982 Martin Winter rower Martin Winter front , Uwe Heppner second , Uwe Mund rower Uwe Mund third , and Karl Heinz Bu ert last A quad scull , or quadruple scull in full, is a rowing boat used in the rowing sport sport of competitive rowing . It is designed for four persons who propel the boat by sculling with two Oar sport rowing oars , one in each hand ref http www.speedrower.com Speed Rower ref . Racing boats often called shells are long, narrow, and broadly semi circular in cross section in order to reduce drag to a minimum. They usually have a fin towards the rear, to help prevent roll and yaw. Originally made from wood , shells are now almost always made from a composite material usually carbon fibre reinforced plastic for strength and weight advantages. The riggers in sculling apply the forces symmetrically to each side of the boat. Quad sculls is one of the classes recognized by the International Rowing Federation and the Olympic Games Olympics . ref http www.worldrowing.com index.php?pageid 27 FISA World Rowing Olympic Games ref FISA rules specify minimum weights for each class of boat so that no individual will gain a great advantage from the use of expensive materials or technology. When there are four rowers in a boat, each with only one sweep oar and rowing on opposite sides, the combination is referred to as a coxed four or coxless four depending on whether the boat has a coxswain cox . In sweep oared racing the rigging means the forces are staggered alternately along the boat. The symmetrical forces in sculling make the boat more efficient and so the quadruple scull is faster than the coxless four. ref List of world records in rowing ref See also Rowing at the Summer Olympics World Rowing Championships Queen Mother Challenge Cup References reflist fineboats Category Rowing racing boats de Vierer Rudern fr Quatre de couple it Quattro di coppia ... more details
infobox FTC game game title Quad Quandary logo File Quad Quandary Logo.png year 2007 2008 number teams number qual tournaments number champ tournaments 30 ref name tournaments cite web title What Events And Teams Are In My Area? url http www.usfirst.org whatsgoingon.aspx publisher FIRST accessdate 5 June 2011 ref championship location Georgia Dome , Atlanta inspire winner Panteras 801 ref cite web title FTC Hall Of Fame url http www.usfirst.org roboticsprograms ftc content.aspx?id 17208 publisher FIRST accessdate 30 May 2011 ref innovate winner motivate winner connect winner champions Mr. T 30 br Team Overdrive 74 br Beach Cities Robotics 23 homepage http www.usfirst.org roboticsprograms ftc altlogo altlogocaption below prevseason Hangin A Round nextseason Face Off FIRST Face Off In the 2007 2008 FIRST Tech Challenge Robotics robot competition, Quad Quandary is the first challenge theme replacing the former FIRST Vex Challenge, with similar general rules regarding the specifications of the robot and the game play. Unlike the previous challenge, Hangin A Round , Quad Quandary makes use of small rings and movable goal posts. Robot rules The largest acceptable size for the robot is 18 x18 x18 . The teams may not introduce a new robot during any time of the match. No two identical robots are allowed on the match. Upon entering the match, all robots must pass inspection, and if modified immensely, must be reinspected. The robots must only contain Vex parts however not all parts from Vex are competition legal and not be potentially damaging to the playing field, other robots, and the players. ref name FTC cite web author FIRST date 19 September 2007 url http www.usfirst.org uploadedFiles Community 02FVC FVC Documents and Updates 2007 Quad Quandary 2007 FTC QQ Game Manual Section ... The main characteristic of the Quad Quandary challenge is defined by its field, which is a 12 ...?id 962 Quad Quandary Downloadable PDF Rules FTCGames FIRST Category 2007 in robotics ... more details
The R7 Quad is a line of golf club equipment golf clubs manufactured by TaylorMade adidas TaylorMade . Since its introduction in 2004, it has been the most used wood golf driver on the PGA Tour and the best selling driver in the amateur market. ref cite news url http www.usatoday.com sports golf 2004 06 08 driver x.htm title Weighty decisions drive golf marketplace publisher USA Today date June 6, 2004 accessdate 2008 10 15 first1 Jerry last1 Potter ref The R7 Quad was one of the first drivers to feature Movable Weight Technology , which enabled the golfer to rearrange four differently weighted screws in the driver s head in order to alter the flight of the golf ball ball according to a player s personal preferences. For the average golfer, this meant being able to use the clubs different weight settings in order to correct a Golf Hitting a golf ball hook or a slice. ref cite news url http www.signonsandiego.com sports golf 20040706 9999 lz1s6driver.html title Hot new TaylorMade driver adjusts for swing flaws wrench included publisher The San Diego Union Tribune date July 6, 2004 accessdate 2008 10 15 ref Under the rules of golf , this type of equipment adjustability is legal, provided that no changes are made during play. The R7 driver has been one of the most popular drivers in golf because of its ability to reduce the effects of faults. With the success of the R7 Quad, some other companies have sought to bring customizable products to the market, while others have produced clubs that are pre weighted for the same corrective ball flight. The 2009 season saw the introduction of the new R9 series. The R9 is built on the R7 movable weight technology by adding Flight Control Technology FCT which allows the player to adjust the face angle and loft lie of the driver to correct .... Models R7 Quad Original design with 4 Movable weights R7 425 Larger 425cc head with 4 Movable ... Movable Weights A Tour Preferred version of the R7 Quad, 425, 460, and Superquad, supplied with a number ... more details
Quad God is a 2000 film made by Tritin Films. It was created using the machinima technique of recording video frames from id Software s 1999 first person shooter FPS video game Quake III Arena . ref name Kelland, 30 harvnb Kelland Morris Lloyd 2005 loc 30 ref Featured during the launch of the website machinima.com , ref name Marino 2004, 12 harvnb Marino 2004 loc 12 ref the work was initially controversial among machinima filmmakers because it was created and distributed in a conventional video file format, whereas previous machinima films were game demo demo files that required the original game to view. ref name Kelland, 30 However, the more accessible format broadened Quad God s viewership, ref name Kelland, 30 and, in a few years, the use of conventional video formats became nearly universal for machinima. ref name Lowood 2008, 184 harvnb Lowood 2008 loc 184 ref Notes reflist 2 References refbegin cite book last Kelland first Matt coauthors Dave Morris, Dave Lloyd title Machinima Making Movies in 3D Virtual Environments year 2005 publisher The Ilex Press location Cambridge isbn 1 59200 650 7 ref CITEREFKellandMorrisLloyd2005 cite book last Lowood first Henry editor last McPherson editor first Tara title Digital Youth, Innovation, and the Unexpected format Portable Document Format PDF accessdate 2009 01 27 series The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning year 2008 publisher MIT Press location Cambridge, Massachusetts at 165 196 chapter Found Technology Players as Innovators in the Making of Machinima chapterurl http www.mitpressjournals.org doi pdf 10.1162 dmal.9780262633598.165 ref CITEREFLowood2008 cite book last Marino first Paul authorlink Paul Marino title 3D Game Based Filmmaking The Art of Machinima year 2004 publisher Paraglyph Press location Scottsdale, Arizona isbn 1 932111 85 9 ref CITEREFMarino2004 refend Further reading cite web author Machinima.com staff date January 1, 2000 title Quad God Showcase url http ... more details
Infobox VG title Quad Challenge br Mega Trax image File QuadChallengeTitleScreen.jpg 250px Quad Challenge caption North America title screen developer Now Production ref name gamefaqs ref name ign cite web url http cheats.ign.com objects 006 006482.html title Developer of players information publisher IGN date accessdate 2008 11 12 ref publisher Namco ref name gamefaqs released vgrelease NA 1991 ref name gamefaqs cite web url http www.gamefaqs.com console genesis data 586404.html title Release information publisher GameFAQs date accessdate 2008 06 03 ref ref name allgame cite web url http www.allgame.com cg agg.dll?p agg&sql 1 1679 title Advanced game information publisher allgame date accessdate 2008 09 20 ref JP August 6, 1991 ref name gamefaqs genre All terrain vehicle Racing video game racing ref name gamefaqs modes Single player video game Single player ref name ign br Multiplayer video game Multiplayer ref name ign small up to 2 players only small ratings Videogame Rating Council VRC n a small not rated small platforms Sega Genesis ref name gamefaqs media 6 megabit ROM cartridge cartridge nihongo Quad Challenge Mega Torakkusu MegaTrax is a racing game racing video game for the Sega Genesis using all terrain vehicle quads as a racing vehicle. Summary The game was released with little commercial fanfare and it never made major sales figures in the retail stores. ref name sega 16 During championship runs, the player can run time trial free runs for as long as he likes before racing the fictional computer opponents or the other human opponent in a timed race. ref cite web url http www.gamestats.com objects 006 006482 title Basic game summary publisher GameStats date accessdate 2008 11 12 ref Actual recorded human speech is used to count down the racers before the start ... 16 cite web url http www.sega 16.com 2011 10 quad challenge title Advanced game summary publisher Sega ... Category Racing video games set in the United States fr Quad Challenge ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 This article is about the 1978 game published by Pressman. Quad Ominos is a game published by Pressman Toy Corp. Pressman beginning in 1978. It is permanently out of production but generally available on the secondhand market. It is similar in theory to Triominoes but uses a set of four sided square tiles. The object of the game, as with many domino type games, is to rid one s hand of tiles by placing them all on the board. Tiles Each tile is made of a stamp molded polystyrene plastic, colored white or cream, and is approximately 1 square with rounded corners, and approximately 1 4 deep. Each tile has four numbers, one on each corner, painted in brown or black. The numbers normally have a raised relief the tile s numbers can, with skill, be discerned by touch. The backs of the tiles are hollowed out, unlike most other tilesets like dominoes and triominoes . The numbers range from 1 to 5, and each tile contains a unique combination of four numbers with replacement . There are 125 tiles in the set the number of possible combinations of 6 values taken 4 at a time with repetition is 126, but the tile with combination 0245 is absent from the set. The numbers on each tile are placed in one of several arrangements the most common is a clockwise or counter clockwise arrangement in ascending order. The tile with the unique combination 0224 might look like 0 2 4 2 Gameplay The game begins with all tiles turned face down alternately they can be placed in a bag they are then shuffled or the bag shaken and each player picks a number of tiles 2 players 30 tiles 3 players 20 tiles 4 players 15 tiles 5 players 12 tiles 6 or more 10 tiles up to 12 players can .... Play begins with the highest quad tile where all four corner values are the same if no such tile ... indices, and if this tile was a quad, the player gets their choice of a 25 point bonus or the opportunity ... tile also has the quad zero tile with zeroes in all four corners , he may choose to play that, and take ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Image ArmadilloAerospace Pixel Attempt1 c.jpg thumb right Pixel attempting level 1 white tanks are insulated and contain liquid oxygen, grey tanks contain ethanol In rocketry, the Armadillo aerospace Quad vehicle is a computer controlled VTVL rocket that is used to compete in the Lunar Lander Challenge . General description The quad vehicle design is Pressure fed cycle rocket pressure fed in blow down mode from an initial pressure of 320 psi for level 1 400 psi level 2 . The Cold gas thruster cold gas vernier engine s are cross fed by gas drawn from ullage space of the opposite tank. The vehicle is able to transfer propellant through connecting pipes between opposite tanks by controlling ullage pressures with the thrusters this helps it balance, minimizing gas use. The main engine has two axis thrust vectoring. The vehicle is fully computer controlled with guidance from GPS and fiber optic gyros. Specification The specification for Pixel Texel for level 1 Width 75 inches Height 75 inches Dry weight 650 pounds Gross Lift Off Weight GLOW 1500 pounds 360 pounds ethanol , 500 LOX Payload 55 pounds Engines 1 4 cold gas attitude jet s Thrust sl 3000 pounds Engine XPC 06 thrust 3000 pounds throttleable to 25 chamber pressure 300 psi Nozzle area ratio 2 1 Isp sl 140 200 seconds low high throttle length 20 inches diameter 8 inches chamber carbon fiber reinforced graphite built by Cesaroni aerospace Burn time 100 seconds, expected 180 for level 2, with approximately double the propellant mass. Purchase by NASA On Mar 8, 2010 Matthew Ross Of Armadillo Aerospace confirmed that Pixel had been converted to methane LOX propellant and sold to NASA as a testbed for the ALHAT LIDAR range finding system under development by JPL . See also Reusable Vehicle Testing program of the Japanese Space Agency JAXA References reflist Category Reusable space launch systems Category Rockets and missiles Category Pressure fed rockets ... more details
two other uses data in computer science Data computing pp move indef Editors please keep the count mass discussion and etymology in the body, not the intro. Data IPAc en icon d e t respell DAY t ... data qualitative or Quantitative data quantitative variable mathematics variable s, belonging to a set of items. Data in computing or data processing are often represented by a combination of items organized in rows and multivariate analysis multiple variables organized in columns. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be data visualisation visualised using graph data structure graph s or image s. Data as abstract concept can be viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data , i.e., unprocessed data, refers to a collection of number s, character computing characters and is a relative term data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the processed data from one stage may be considered the raw data of the next. Field work Field data refers to raw data collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment. Experimental data refers to data generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording. The word data is the plural of datum , Grammatical gender neuter past participle of the Latin ... , and so on, the terms givens and data are used interchangeably. Such usage is the origin of data as a concept in computer science or data processing data are numbers, words, images, etc ... which distances to all other data are measured. Any measurement or result is a datum , but data ... Latin plural data are used as the plural of datum in English, but data is commonly treated ... usage. For example, This is all the data from the experiment . This usage is inconsistent with the rules of Latin grammar and traditional English These are all the data from the experiment . Even when a very small quantity of data is referenced one number, for example the phrase piece of data is often ... more details
otheruses Data disambiguation Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa or DATA was a multinational Non governmental organization non government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 s Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III Bobby Shriver and activist s from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign. DATA was created for the purposes of obtaining social equality equality and justice for Africa through debt relief adjusting trade rules which burden Africa eliminating the AIDS in Africa African AIDS epidemic strengthening democracy furthering accountability by the wealthiest nations and African leaders and Transparency humanities transparency towards the people. In 2007, DATA and Bono were jointly awarded the National Constitution Center s 2007 Liberty Medal for their groundbreaking efforts to address the AIDS crisis and extreme poverty in Africa. Start up funds came from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , financier George Soros , and technology entrepreneur Edward W. Scott . ref cite news url http www.time.com time printout 0,8816,1142270,00.html title The Constant Charmer author Josh Tyrangiel date 2005 12 19 work Time Magazine ref In 2007, DATA and the ONE Campaign decided to join forces, and in January 2008, they formally merged under the name ONE. ref cite news url http www.reuters.com article idUSN2953856520071029 title Bono s U.S. based anti poverty groups to merge author Lesley Wroughton date 2007 10 29 work Reuters ref DATA received support from the Christian rock Alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Third Day . References references External links http www.one.org ONE official site Category International nongovernmental organizations Category HIV AIDS in Africa Category Organizations founded by Bono int org stub de Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa it DATA sv DATA f rening vi DATA ... more details
it is not monotonic. Failure ratedata Failure ratedata can be obtained in several ways. The most ... and commercial failure ratedata. Handbooks of failure ratedata for various components are available ... Equipment , is a military standard that provides failure ratedata for many military electronic components. Several failure ratedata sources are available commercially that focus on commercial components ...Failure rate is the frequency with which an engineered system or component fails, expressed for example ... in reliability engineering . The failure rate of a system usually depends on time, with the rate varying over the life cycle of the system. For example, an automobile s failure rate in its fifth year of service may be many times greater than its failure rate during its first year of service. One ... is often reported instead of the failure rate. This is valid and useful if the failure rate may be assumed ... where failure rate needs to be managed, in particular for safety systems. The MTBF appears ... rate is simply the multiplicative inverse of the MTBF 1 . A similar ratio used in the transport ... of applications. Failure rate in the discrete sense The failure rate can be defined as the following .... MacDiarmid, et al. Although the failure rate, math lambda t math , is often thought of as the probability ... a probability because it can exceed 1. Erroneous expression of the failure rate ... function math R t math , the probability of no failure before time math t math . Failure rate t f .... The failure rate t function is a CONDITIONAL probability of failure DENSITY function. The condition is that the failure has not occurred at time t. Hazard rate and ROCOF rate of occurrence of failures is often incorrectly seen as the same and equal to the failure rate. And literature is even contaminated with inconsistent definitions. The hazard rate is in contrast to the ROCOF the same a failure rate. ROCOF is used for repairable systems only. In practice not many serious errors are made ... more details
In telecommunication and information theory , the code rate or information rate ref Huffman, W. Cary, and Pless, Vera, Fundamentals of Error Correcting Codes , Cambridge, 2003. ref of a forward error correction code is the proportion of the data stream that is useful non redundant . That is, if the code rate is k n , for every k bits of useful information, the coder generates totally n bits of data, of which n k are redundant. If R is the gross bitrate or data signalling rate inclusive of redundant error coding , the net bitrate the useful bit rate exclusive of error correction codes is R k n . For example The code rate of a convolutional code may typically be 1 2, 2 3, 3 4, 5 6, 7 8, etc, corresponding to that one redundant bit is inserted after every single, second, third, etc, bit. The code rate of the Reed Solomon block code denoted RS 204,188 is 188 204, corresponding to that 204 188 16 redundant bytes are added to each block of 188 byte of useful information. A few error correction codes do not have a fixed code rate rateless erasure code s. Note that bit s is a more widespread unit of measurement for the information rate , implying that it is synonymous to net bit rate or useful bit rate exclusive of error correction codes. See also Information rate Source information rate Entropy rate References reflist Category Information theory Comp sci stub de Informationsrate he pt Taxa de C digo ... more details
rate. See also Crystal oscillator frequencies Double datarateQuadDataRate Pulse wave References ...The clock rate typically refers to the frequency that a CPU is running at. It uses the International System of Units SI unit Hertz . Details The clock rate of a CPU is normally determined by the frequency ... has a clock pin driven by a similar system to set the sampling rate . In this context, the use of the word speed physical movement , should not be confused with frequency or its corresponding clock rate ... with a higher clock rate, e.g., 1.50 GHz, while those that fail the standards of the higher clock rate yet pass the standards of a lesser clock rate may be labeled with the lesser clock rate, e.g., 1.33 GHz, and sold at a lower price. ref http www.patentstorm.us patents 6826738 description.html ... a maximum clock rate specification, and they test chips before selling them to make sure they meet that specification, even when executing the most complicated instructions with the data patterns that take ... many transitions, the higher the clock rate the more heat produced. Transistors may be damaged by excessive ... 8080 CPU with a clock rate of 2 MHz 2 million cycles second . The original IBM Personal Computer IBM PC c. 1981 had a clock rate of 4.77 MHz 4,772,727 cycles second . In 1992, Digital ... CPU with a clock rate of 3 GHz three billion cycles second corresponding to 3.0X10 sup ... run at the same or a lower clock rate as older CPUs. This is achieved through architectural techniques ... level parallelism in the code. See also Moore s law Comparing main Megahertz myth The clock rate of a CPU is most useful for providing comparisons between CPUs in the same family. The clock rate is only ... MHz, while the same will not be true for MIPS R4000 running at the same clock rate as the two are different ... factors to consider when comparing the performance of CPUs, like the clock rate and width of the CPU s data bus , the latency of the memory, and the CPU cache cache architecture. Clock rates alone ... more details
not happen with frequency. The prime rate is currently 3.25 in the United States , ref According to data published by http online.wsj.com mdc public page 2 3020 moneyrate.html The Wall Street Journal Online and the Federal Reserve Bank . cite web url http www.federalreserve.gov releases h15 data Monthly H15 PRIME NA.txt title Federal Reserve Statistical Data publisher Federal Reserve ref and the Canadian prime rate is currently 3.00 . ref According to data published by Bank of Canada . cite ...globalize date December 2010 Prime rate or prime lending rate is a term applied in many countries to a reference interest rate used by banks. The term originally indicated the rate of interest at which ... the case. Some variable interest rates may be expressed as a percentage above or below prime rate ... rate was the actual interest rate although this is no longer the case. The prime rate varies ... of Canada publisher Bank of Canada ref Image Federal funds effective rate 1954 to present.svg thumb Historical chart of the effective Federal Funds Rate In the U.S., the prime rate runs approximately 300 basis point s or 3 percentage points above the federal funds rate , the interest rate that banks ... rate 3 prime rate . The Federal funds rate plus a much smaller increment is frequently used for lending to the most creditworthy borrowers today, as is LIBOR, the London Interbank Offered Rate . The Federal ... funds rate. Other rates, including the prime rate, derive from this base rate. Prior to December 17, 2008, when 23 out of 30 of the United States largest banks changed their prime rate, the Wall Street Journal would change its published rate. On December 17, 2008, the Wall Street Journal recognized that fewer, but larger banks controlled most assets and changed the methodology for the prime rate that is published. The Journal s rate today now reflects the base rate posted by at least 70 of the top ten banks by assets. Uses The prime rate is used often as an index in calculating rate changes ... more details
Standardized rates are a statistical measure of any rates in a population . The most common are birth , death and unemployment rates. The formula for standardized rates is as follows crude rate for age group × standard population for age group standard population Category Data analysis Math stub Statistics stub it Tasso matematica Tasso standardizzato ... more details
modulation modulated signal or a line code . The Symbol rate is measured in baud Bd or symbols second. In the case of a line code, the symbol rate is the pulse rate in pulses second. Each symbol can represent or convey one or several bit s of data. The symbol rate is related to, but should not be confused ... between baud or signalling rate and the datarate or bit rate is like a man using a single flag ... three Binary numeral system binary digits to encode eight states. The datarate is three bits ... of these produce many symbols, each conveying several bits, a higher datarate. If N bits are conveyed ... than the data bit rate, due to the overhead of extra non data symbols used for self synchronizing code ... the symbol rate calculation is symbol rate in symbols per second Datarate in bits per second 204 ... than the datarate they transmit many symbols called Chip CDMA chips per data bit. Representing ... states, then only one bit of data i.e., a 0 or 1 can be transmitted in each symbol. The bit rate is in this case ... between symbols. Then two bits could be encoded at each symbol interval, achieving a datarate of double the symbol rate. In a more complex scheme such as 16 QAM , four bits of data are transmitted in each symbol, resulting in a bit rate of four times the symbol rate. DataRate versus Error Rate ... the bandwidth. In the case of GPS, we have a datarate of 50 bit s and a symbol rate of 1.023 Mchips ... Reflist See also Chip rate Gross bit rate , also known as data signaling rate or line rate . Bandwidth ...In digital communications , symbol rate also known as baud or modulation rate is the number of symbol ... period of time. A sending device places symbols on the channel at a fixed and known symbol rate, and the receiving ... data. There may be a direct correspondence between a symbol and a small unit of data for example ... or the data may be represented by the transitions between symbols or even by a sequence of many symbols. The symbol duration time , also known as Unit interval data transmission unit interval , can be directly ... more details
for the interest rate charged to banks for borrowing short term funds directly from the Federal Reserve ... Discount Rates Discount Rate under Merchant Account . For discount rate as a term in investment financing, see Discounted cash flow Discount rate Discounted cash flow File Bundesbank discount rate 1948 ... rate can mean an interest rate a central bank charges depository institution s that borrow Bank reserves ... as interest rate the term discount does not refer to the common meaning of the word, but to the meaning ... discount rate , which is the annual interest divided by the capital including that interest this rate is lower than the interest rate it corresponds to using the value after a year as the nominal ... it is used for Treasury Bills and similar financial instruments Annual effective discount rate The annual effective discount rate is the annual interest divided by the capital including that interest, which is the interest rate divided by 100 plus the interest rate. It is the annual discount factor ... 100 in a year s time. The discount rate according to the given definition is math frac 100 95 100 5.00 math The interest rate is calculated using 95 as its base math frac 100 95 95 5.26 math For every annual effective interest rate , there is a corresponding annual effective discount rate, given ... the discount rate when deciding whether to spend some of their profits on buying a new piece of equipment ... rather than giving them the profit now is based on the shareholder s discount rate. There is a widely used way of estimating shareholder s discount rates using share price data. It is known as the capital asset pricing model . Businesses normally apply this discount rate to their decisions about ... discount rate Ramsey growth model Compare and contrast with federal funds References reflist External links http www.federalreserve.gov monetarypolicy discountrate.htm Definition of the Discount Rate from the Federal Reserve Board s official site http www.valuadder.com valuationguide discount rate ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A flat fee , also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate , refers ... ref Rarely, it may refer to a rate that does not vary with usage or time of use. Another term used is flate , a hybrid of flat and rate . Telephony See also Mobile telephony GSM services Voice charges Automatic Message Accounting American Telecommunication s companies commonly offer a flat rate to residential customers for local telephone call s. However, a regular rate or Message Rate is advantageous ... and for Mobile VoIP . Most VoIP services are effectively flat rate telephony services, since only ... Pay per view pricing. Internet See also Mobile Internet For Internet service provider s, flat rate is Internet access access to the Internet at all hours and days of the year linear rate and for all customer s of the Telephone company telco operator universal at a fixed and cheap tariff . Flat rate ... is a class of linear rate, different from the flat rate, where the user is charged by the upload s and download s data transfer s . Some GPRS data UMTS access to the Internet in some countries of Europe has no flat rate pricing, following the traditional metered mentality . Because of this, users prefer using fixed lines with narrow or broadband access to connect to the Internet. A wavy rate is not a linear rate, because the Internet surfer pays the monthly fixed price to use the connection only ... . Electricity A flat rate for electricity is different from that for other services. An electric utility that charges a flat rate for electricity does not charge different rates based upon the demand ... a flat rate, though not the same rate per kilowatt hour . A special type of electricity meter , a time of use meter, is required to charge a non flat rate. Time of use meters can lower a customer s electricity .... Real Estate In real estate, flat rate is an alternative, nontraditional full service listing where ... dollar amount that is typically paid at closing. The rate is generally less than a gross 6 ... more details
bitrates In telecommunications and computing , bit rate sometimes written bitrate , datarate or as a variable ... s that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is wiktionary quantified quantified using the Datarate units bits per second bit s or bps unit, often in conjunction with an SI prefix ...?id WOCrSSfxE EC&pg PA133&dq 22raw datarate is 22 v onepage&q 22raw 20data 20rate 20is 22&f false title ... year 2009 accessdate 2011 07 10 ref data signaling rate ref cite book url http books.google.com ... data transmission rate 22 22gross data transmission rate 22 v onepage&q 22net 20data 20transmission ... bit rate More specifically, a line code or baseband transmission scheme representing the data using ..., 2009. ref net data transfer rate , ref name 3G coded transmission rate , ref name Pahlavan effective datarate ref name Pahlavan or wire speed informal language of a digital communication channel ... systems, link adaptation automatic adaption of the datarate and the modulation and or error coding ... 64 16 144 kbit s also refers to the payload data rates, while the D channel signalling rate is 16 kbit ... rate main Goodput Goodput or data transfer rate refers to the achieved average net bit rate that is delivered ... transfer rate of a V.92 voiceband modem is affected by the modem physical layer and data link layer protocols. It is sometimes higher than the physical layer datarate due to V.44 data compression , and sometimes ... after source coding data compression . The encoding bit rate of a multimedia file is the size of a multimedia ... data compression is the source information rate , also known as the entropy rate . Entropy ... Average bitrate Bandwidth computing Baud symbol rate Clock rate Code rate Constant bitrate Datarate units Data signaling rate List of device bit rates Measuring network throughput Spectral efficiency ... Bit Rates Pay Off? Compression Methods DEFAULTSORT Bit Rate Category Data transmission Category Units ... v onepage&q bit 20 22rate 20R 22&f false title Data Communications and Computer Networks author Prakash ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 The refresh rate most commonly the vertical refresh rate , vertical scan rate for Cathode ray tube CRT s is the number of times in a second that a display hardware draws the data. This is distinct from the measure of frame rate in that the refresh rate includes the repeated drawing of identical frames, while frame rate measures how often a video source can feed an entire frame of new data to a display. For example, most movie projector s advance from one frame to the next ... per second, but has a 48 or 72 Hz refresh rate. On CRT displays, increasing the refresh rate decreases flicker screen flicker ing, thereby reducing eye strain. However, if a refresh rate is specified ... kb 311403 How To Change the Screen Refresh Rate of Your Monitor in Windows XP Bot ... an image In a CRT, the scan rate is controlled by the Vertical blanking interval vertical ... s maximum horizontal scan rate and the resolution, since higher resolution means more scan lines. The refresh rate can be calculated from the horizontal scan rate by dividing the scanning frequency ... scanning frequency of 96 kHz at a resolution of 1280 × 1024 results in a refresh rate ... data except during the retrace phase to prevent tearing from an image that is rendered faster than ... LCD. Liquid crystal displays Refresh rate or the temporal resolution of an LCD is the number of times per second in which the display draws the data it is being given. Since activated LCD ... how low the refresh rate. High end LCD televisions now feature up to 600 Hz refresh rate, which requires ... the refresh is set to 72 Hz or higher. A rate of 100 Hz is comfortable at almost any size. However, this does not apply to LCD monitors. The closest equivalent to a refresh rate on an LCD monitor is its frame rate , which is often locked at 60 frame s. But this is rarely a problem, because ... at around 200 Hz. Different operating systems set the default refresh rate differently. Microsoft ... more details
In mathematics &mdash specifically, in large deviations theory &mdash a rate function is a function used to quantify the probability probabilities of rare events. It is required to have several properties which assist in the formulation of the large deviation principle . In some sense, the large deviation principle is an analogue of Convergence of measures weak convergence of probability measures , but one which takes account of how well the rare events behave. A rate function is also called a Cram r function , after the Swedish statistician Harald Cram r . Definitions An extended real number line extended real valued function I X &rarr 0, &infin defined on a Hausdorff space Hausdorff topological space X is said to be a rate function if it is not identically &infin ... to be a good rate function . A family of probability measure s &mu sub &delta sub sub &delta > 0 sub on X is said to satisfy the large deviation principle with rate function I X &rarr 0, &infin and rate 1 &frasl &delta if, for every closed set F &sube ... F leq inf x in F I x , quad mbox U math math liminf delta downarrow 0 delta log mu delta G geq inf x in G I x . quad mbox L math If the upper bound U holds only for compact instead of closed sets F , then &mu ... with rate 1 &frasl &delta and weak rate function I . Remarks The role of the open and closed ... uses simply rate function where this article &mdash following Dembo & Zeitouni 1998 &mdash uses good rate function , and weak rate function where this article uses rate function . Fortunately, regardless of the nomenclature used for rate functions, examination of whether the upper bound inequality ... setting of the general framework above, is whether the rate function is unique. This turns out ... satisfying the large deviation principle for two rate functions I and J , it follows that I x ... downarrow 0 delta log mu delta S inf x in S I x . quad mbox E math Unfortunately, the equality E is far ... more details
Bounce rate sometimes confused with exit rate ref http www.hmtweb.com blog 2007 08 bounce rate and exit rate what is.html HMTWeb.com Bounce Rate vs. Exit Rate ref is an Internet marketing term used in web analytics web traffic analysis . It represents the percentage of visitors who enter the site and bounce ... frac T v T e right math where R sub b sub Bounce rate T sub v sub Total number of visitors viewing ... title Data Preparation for Mining World Wide Web Browsing Patterns journal Journal of Knowledge and Information ..., a new session will occur. The bounce rate for a single page is the number of visitors who ... rate for a web site is the number of web site visitors who visit only a single page of a web site per ... the effectiveness or performance of an entry page. An entry page with a low bounce rate means ... observation is that it is really hard to get a bounce rate under 20 , anything over 35 is cause ... title ref blockquote Interpretation of the bounce rate measure should be relevant to a website s business objectives and definitions of conversion, as having a high bounce rate is not always a sign ..., the bounce rate would not be as meaningful for determining conversion success. In contrast, the bounce rate of an e commerce site could be interpreted in correlation with the purchase conversion rate ... While site wide bounce rate can be a useful metric for sites with well defined conversion steps requiring ... content sites. ref http www.analyticsbouncerate.com bounce rate web portals referential ... entry pages could have a bounce rate above 80 thereby increasing the site wide average , and they might ... page optimization Internet marketing Web analytics References reflist DEFAULTSORT Bounce Rate Category Internet marketing http www.seozy.com bouncerate how does it affect your seo Bounce Rate and your website s SEO Category Internet marketing terminology Category Web analytics de Bounce Rate es Tasa de rebote fr Taux de rebond it Bounce Rate ... more details
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