Classical qualitativeinorganicanalysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find chemical element elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ion s in an water aqueous solution , so that materials in other forms may need to be brought into this state before using standard methods. The solution is then treated with various reagent s to test for chemical reaction reactions characteristic of certain ions, which may cause color change, solid forming and other visible changes. ref name King E. J. King QualitativeAnalysis and Electrolytic Solutions 1959, Harcourt, Brace, and World, New York. ref Qualitativeinorganicanalysis is that branch or method of analytical chemistry which seeks to establish elemental composition of inorganic compounds through various reagents. Physical appearance of inorganic salts class wikitable border 1 Sr No. Salt Colour 1 MnO, MnO sub 2 sub , FeO, CuO, Co sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub , Ni sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub sulfide s of Ag sup sup , Cu sup sup , Cu sup 2 sup , Fe sup 2 sup , Co sup 2 sup , Pb sup 2 sup , Hg sup 2 sup Black 2 Hydrated Cu sup 2 sup salts Blue 3 HgO, HgI sub 2 sub , Pb sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub Red 4 Cr sup 3 sup , Cr sup 6 sup , Ni sup 2 sup , hydrated Fe sup 2 sup salts Green 5 Hydrated Mn sup 2 sup salts Light Pink 6 KO sub 2 sub , K sub 2 sub Cr sub 2 sub O sub 7 sub , Sb sub 2 sub S sub 3 sub , ferricyanide s Orange 7 Hydrated Co sup 2 sup salts Reddish Pink 8 Chromate s, AgBr, As sub 2 sub ... Qualitativeinorganicanalysis is now used only as a pedagogical tool. Modern techniques such as atomic ... ambiguity as to which ions are present.this happens because cationic analysis is based on the solubility ... first group analysis of Pb sup 2 sup contains an appreciable concentration of this cation, enough ... Category Analytical chemistry bg cs Metody kvalitativn anal zy de Qualitative Analyse fr Analyse qualitative non organique ko hi id Analisis anorganik ... more details
Qualitativeanalysis may refer to Qualitative research , an inquiry into the reasoning behind human behavior Qualitative organic analysis , a type of chemical analysisQualitativeinorganicanalysis , a type of chemical analysis disambig ca An lisi qualitativa ... more details
infobox school name QDAP image File QDAP Badge.jpg QDAP lab logo motto The Smart Way to Code Text city Pittsburgh state PA country United States USA The Qualitative Data Analysis Program QDAP was founded in 2005 at the University of Pittsburgh in the University Center for Social and Urban Research. QDAP is a fee for service research laboratory that develops software and methods to support multi coder annotation projects. In 2008, QDAP UMass was opened at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Researchers at QDAP developed the Coding Analysis Toolkit CAT , which is a free, open source, web based Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software CAQDAS package. ref Cite journal title Rigor and Flexibility in Computer based Qualitative Research Introducing the Coding Analysis Toolkit pages 105 117 journal The International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches volume 2 year 2008 last Lu first Chi Jung ref References reflist External links http www.umass.edu qdap QDAP UMass Category University of Pittsburgh ... more details
Qualitative Comparative Analysis QCA is a technique, developed by Charles Ragin in 1987, for solving the problems that are caused by making causal inference s on the basis of only a small number of cases. ref http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O88 qualitativecomparatvnlyss.html qualitative comparative analysis History Of qualitative comparative analysis Encyclopedia.com Dictionary Of Sociology Bot generated title ref The method is used in social science and is based on the wiktionary binary binary logic of Boolean algebra logic Boolean algebra , and attempts to maximize the number of comparisons that can be made across the cases under investigation. Objective The technique aims to alleviate the small N problem by allowing inferences to be drawn from the maximum number of comparisons that can be made across the cases under analysis. The small N problem arises when the number of units of analysis e.g. countries available is inherently limited. For example a study where countries are the unit of analysis is limited in the fact that are only a limited number of countries in the world less than 200 , far less than necessary for probabilistic statistical techniques. By maximizing the number of comparisons that can be made across the cases under investigation, causal inferences are according to Ragin possible. This technique would also allow the analysis of multiple causation and interaction effects. ref name GOLDTHORPE J. Goldthorpe, Current issues in comparative macrosociology in Comparative social research , 16, 1997, pp. 1 26. ref Criticism As this is a logical deterministic and not a statistical probabilistic technique, with Crisp Set QCA csQCA , the original application of QCA ... cuantitativo comparado fr Analyse quali quantitative compar e it Qualitative Comparative Analysis ... set QCA fsQCA . ref name rihoux2006 Citation last Rihoux first Beno t title Qualitative Comparative Analysis QCA and Related Systematic Comparative Methods Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges ... more details
Computer Assisted Aided Qualitative Data AnalysiS CAQDAS is the use of computer software to aid qualitative research such as Transcription genetics transcription analysis, coding and text interpretation, recursive abstraction, content analysis , discourse analysis , Grounded theory grounded theory methodology , etc. Definition CAQDAS is used in psychology , marketing research , ethnography , and other social sciences . The CAQDAS Networking project ref cite web title CAQDAS url http www.surrey.ac.uk sociology research researchcentres caqdas accessdate 28 November 2011 ref lists the following tools. A CAQDAS program should have Content searching tools Coding tools Linking tools Mapping or networking tools Query tools Writing and annotation tools Free open source software for CAQDAS Coding Analysis Toolkit CAT RQDA Compendium software Compendium Transana GPL licence Supported through license ... data analysis. ref cite journal last Banner first DJ coauthors Albarrran, JW title Computer assisted qualitative data analysis software a review. journal Canadian journal of cardiovascular nursing Journal ..., and distraction from the real work of analysis. ref cite journal last St John first W coauthors Johnson, P title The pros and cons of data analysis software for qualitative research. journal ... XSight Qiqqa Web Based CAQDAS software Dedoose Coding Analysis Toolkit CAT Pros and cons Such software ... manual and clerical tasks, saving precious time, managing huge amounts of qualitative data, having increased flexibility, and having improved validity and auditability of qualitative research. Concerns ... 2011 ref See also Multicol Multimethodology Computer Assisted Mixed Methods Research Analysis Software Computer Assisted Mixed Methods Research Analysis Software Multimethodology Qualitative economics Quantitative research Qualitative marketing research Qualitative psychological research Sampling ... wiki Qualitative psychological research Statistical packages software listing on Psychology wikia ... more details
Wikt The word qualitative refers to descriptions or distinctions based on some quality or characteristic rather than on some quantity or measured value. It can be a form of analysis that yields the identity of a compound. It may also refer to Qualitative property , a property that can be observed but not measured numerically Qualitative research , featuring a high degree of subjectivity Qualitative data , data that is not quantified See also Quantitative disambiguation Quantitative Quality philosophy disambig fr Qualitatif ... more details
distinguish Qualitative research Expert subject statistics date November 2008 The term qualitative is used to describe certain types of information . The term is distinguished from the term Numerical data quantitative data , in which items are described in terms of quantity and in which a range of numerical values are used without implying that a particular numerical value refers to a particular distinct category. However, data originally obtained as qualitative information about individual items may give rise to quantitative data if they are summarised by means of counts and conversely, data that are originally quantitative are sometimes grouped into categories to become qualitative data for example, income below 20,000, income between 20,000 and 80,000, and income above 80,000 . Qualitative data describe items in terms of some quality or categorization that in some cases may be informal or may use relatively ill defined characteristics such as warmth and flavor such Subject philosophy subjective data are sometimes of less value to science scientific research than quantitative data. However, qualitative data can include well defined concepts such as gender, nationality or commodity type. ref Dodge Y. 2003 The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , OUP. ISBN 0 19 920613 9 ref Qualitative data can be binary pass fail, yes no, etc. or categorical data . In regression analysis , dummy variables are a type of qualitative data. For example, if various features are observed about each of various human subjects, one such feature might be gender, in which case a dummy variable can be constructed that equals 0 if the subject is male and equals 1 if the subject is female. Then this dummy variable can be used as an independent variable explanatory variable in an ordinary least squares ... Reflist DEFAULTSORT Qualitative Data Category Statistical data types Category Categorical data statistics stub eu Aldagai kualitatibo fr Variable qualitative it Carattere statistica ht Done kalitatif ... more details
electron Inorganic chemistry has greatly benefited from qualitative theories. Such theories are easier ...For the journal Inorganic Chemistry journal Image Inorganic montage.png thumb right Inorganic compounds ... s br G Copper II acetate surprised Theoretical chemistry theoreticians with its diamagnetism Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic ... thumb left The structure of the ionic framework in potassium oxide , K sub 2 sub O Many inorganic compound ... classes of inorganic salts are the oxide s, the carbonate s, the sulfate s and the halide s. Many inorganic compounds are characterized by high melting point s. Inorganic salts typically are poor ... Inorganic chemical reaction inorganic reaction is double displacement reaction double displacement ... interactions, the HSAB theory takes into account polarizability and size of ions. Inorganic compounds ... . Inorganic compounds are also found multitasking as biomolecule s as electrolytes sodium chloride ... . The first important man made inorganic compound was ammonium nitrate for soil fertilization through the Haber process . Inorganic compounds are synthesized for use as catalyst s such as vanadium ... hydride . Subdivisions of inorganic chemistry are organometallic chemistry , cluster chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry . These fields are active areas of research in inorganic chemistry, aimed toward new catalyst s, superconductor s, and medicine therapies . Industrial inorganic chemistry Inorganic ... could be evaluated by their productivity of sulfuric acid. The top 20 inorganic chemicals manufactured ... of fertilizers is another practical application of industrial inorganic chemistry. Descriptive inorganic chemistry Descriptive inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification of compounds based ... by their structural similarities. When studying inorganic compounds, one often encounters parts of the different classes of inorganic chemistry an organometallic compound is characterized by its ... more details
Infobox Journal cover File Qualitative Sociology.jpg discipline Humanities , social sciences and law abbreviated title noeffect abbreviation editor Javier Auyero , The University of Texas at Austin publisher country noeffect publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer country Netherlands publication history noeffect history March 1997 Present website http www.springerlink.com xnnb5345uwemez55somc4b55 app home journal.asp?referrer parent&backto linkingpublicationresults,1 105337,1 ISSN 0162 0436 Qualitative Sociology is an academic journal dealing with sociology . It publishes research papers on the qualitative interpretation of social life . This includes photographic studies, historical analysis, comparative analysis, and ethnography . References http www.springer.com west home?SGWID 4 102 70 35506209 detailsPage journal description&changeHeader true&SHORTCUT www.springer.com journal 11133 about Publisher description Category Sociology journals Category Publications established in 1997 Category Springer academic journals Category English language journals socialscience journal stub ... more details
techniques The most common analysis of qualitative data is observer impression. That is, expert or bystander ... analysis of these codes is typically the capstone analytical step for this type of qualitative ... Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software . These programs do not supplant the interpretive ... Pacific . New York E. P. Dutton. Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. 1994 . Qualitative Data Analysis ...distinguish qualitative data For the journal Qualitative Research Refimprove date April 2010 Sociology Qualitative research is a method of inquiry employed in many different academic disciplines, traditionally ... K. & Lincoln, Yvonna S. Eds. . 2005 . The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research 3rd ed. . Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. ISBN 0 7619 2757 3 ref Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in depth understanding of human behavior and the reason s that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates ... statistics sample s are more often needed than large sample s. In the conventional view, qualitative ... Bent Flyvbjerg , who argues that qualitative methods and case study research may be used both for hypotheses ... Case Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry , vol. 12, no. 2, April, pp. 219 245. Bent Flyvbjerg, 2011 ... K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds., The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 4th Edition ... this data through empiricism . These researchers embraced a qualitative research paradigm , attempting to make qualitative research as rigorous as quantitative research and creating myriad methods for qualitative research. In the 70s and 80s, the increasing ubiquity of computers aided in qualitative analyses, several journals with a qualitative focus emerged, and postpositivism gained recognition ... of a passive observer researcher was rejected, and qualitative research became more participatory ..., indicating a shift in thinking of qualitative and quantitative methods as intrinsically incompatible ... Qualitative researchers may use different approaches in collecting data, such as the grounded ... more details
Qualitative economics refers to representation and analysis of information about the direction of change , , or 0 in some economic variable s as related to change of some other economic variable s . For the non zero case, what makes the change qualitative is that its direction but not its magnitude is specified. ref name Quirk1987 James Quirk, 1987. qualitative economics, The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics , v. 4, p. 1. ref Typical exercises of qualitative economics include Comparative statics comparative static changes studied in microeconomics or macroeconomics and comparative equilibrium growth states in a Exogenous growth model macroeconomic growth model . A simple example illustrating qualitative change is from macroeconomics. Let GDP nominal gross domestic product , a measure of national income M money supply Scope money supply T Macroeconomic policy instruments Fiscal policy total taxes . quantity theory of money Monetary theory hypothesizes a Direct relationship positive relationship between GDP the dependent variable and M the independent variable . Equivalent ways to represent such a qualitative relationship between them are as a signed functional relationship and as a signed ... exposition of qualitative economics is Samuelson, 1947. ref Paul A. Samuelson , 1947. Foundations of Economic Analysis , pp. 5, 21 29. ref There Samuelson identifies qualitative restrictions and the hypotheses ... math frac partial f M, T partial T 0. math Qualitative hypotheses occur in earliest history of formal .... Value and Capital . Oxford. Kelvin Lancaster , 1962. The Scope of Qualitative Economics, Review ... for Qualitative Economics, Review of Economic Studies , 31 1 p http www.jstor.org pss 2295936 p. 65 68. James Quirk, 1987. qualitative economics, The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics , v. 4, pp. 1 3. and Richard Ruppert, 1965. Qualitative Economics and the Stability of Equilibrium, Review ... of Economic Analysis , Harvard University Press. ISBN 0 674 31301 1 Category Mathematical ... more details
Qualitative Reasoning QR is an area of research within Artificial Intelligence AI that automates reasoning about continuous aspects of the physical world, such as space, time, and quantity, for the purpose of problem solving and planning using qualitative rather than quantitative information. ref cite web title Qualitative Reasoning Reaching Good Conclusions without Being Precise url http www.aaai.org AITopics pmwiki pmwiki.php AITopics QualitativeReasoning publisher Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence AAAI ref Qualitative Reasoning creates non numerical descriptions of physical systems and their behavior, preserving important behavioral properties and qualitative distinctions. ref name bredeweg cite web author Bert Bredeweg and Peter Struss title Current Topics in Qualitative Reasoning url http staff.science.uva.nl bredeweg pdf aimag2003a.pdf publisher American Association for Artificial Intelligence year 2003 ref The goal of qualitative reasoning research is to develop representation and reasoning methods that enable programs to reason about the behavior of physical systems, without precise quantitative information. An example is observing pouring rain and the steadily rising water level of a river, which is sufficient information to take action against possible flooding without knowing the exact water level, the rate of change, or the time the river might flood. ref cite web author Yumi Iwasaki title Real World Applications of Qualitative Reasoning url http ksl web.stanford.edu people iwasaki my intro.ps location Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science publisher Stanford University work IEEE Expert Intelligent Systems date May June 1997 ref Successful application areas include autonomous spacecraft support, failure analysis ... reasoning Qualitative Reasoning Group QRG Object centered high level reference ontology Object Centered ... QRM index.html Qualitative Reasoning and Modelling QRM portal of the University of Amsterdam compu ... more details
protein Name pyrophosphatase inorganic 1 caption Structure of inorganic pyrophosphatase, isolated from Thermococcus litoralis . image Inorganic pyrophosphatase.png width HGNCid 9226 Symbol PPA1 AltSymbols ... Arm q Band 11.1 LocusSupplementaryData q24 protein Name pyrophosphatase inorganic 2 caption image ... PDB ECnumber Chromosome 4 Arm q Band 25 LocusSupplementaryData Deleted image removed Image inorganic pyrophosphatase hexamer.png thumb left 275px Image 1 The hexameric structure of inorganic pyrophosphatase isolated from Thermococcus litoralis . Pyrophosphatase or inorganic pyrophosphatase is an enzyme ... ions. ref name pmid5342521 cite journal author Harold FM title Inorganic polyphosphates in biology ... to completion. ref name pmid11401820 cite journal author Terkeltaub RA title Inorganic pyrophosphate ... Role of inorganic pyrophosphatase in the mechanism of action of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin journal ... author Ko KM, Lee W, Yu JR, Ahnn J title PYP 1, inorganic pyrophosphatase, is required for larval ... cite journal author Usui Y, Uematsu T, Uchihashi T, et al. title Inorganic polyphosphate induces ... as an antiparallel biochemistry antiparallel closed beta sheet . The form of inorganic pyrophosphatase ... A, Obmolova G, Wilson KS, et al. title Crystal structure of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Thermus ... identical to bovine inorganic pyrophosphatase. ref name pmid10542310 cite journal author Fairchild TA, Patejunas G title Cloning and expression profile of human inorganic pyrophosphatase journal Biochim ... journal author McAlpine PJ, Mohandas T, Ray M, Wang H, Hamerton JL title Assignment of the inorganic ... mechanism of catalysis via inorganic pyrophosphatase in most organisms remains uncertain, site directed mutagenesis studies in Escherichia coli have allowed for analysis of the enzyme active site and identification of key amino acid s. In particular, this analysis has revealed 17 residues of that may ... RZ, Yu JG, Liu RZ title DFT study on the mechanism of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase journal ... more details
Infobox Journal cover discipline Social sciences and Cultural studies abbreviated title noeffect abbreviation publisher country noeffect publisher SAGE Publications country USA publication history noeffect history April 2001 Present website http qrj.sagepub.com ISSN 1468 7941 Qualitative Research is a bimonthly peer review peer reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications , focusing on qualitative research methods in social sciences and cultural studies . It publishes research articles and review article s. References http www.sagepub.com journalsProdDesc.nav?prodId Journal201501 Publisher s Description humanities journal stub Category Cultural journals Category qualitative research Category SAGE academic journals Category Publications established in 2001 Category Triannual journals no Qualitative Research ... more details
Qualitative properties are properties that are observed and can generally not be measured with a numerical result. They are contrasted to Quantitative property quantitative properties which have numerical characteristics. Some engineering and scientific properties are qualitative. A test method can result in qualitative data about something. This can be a pass fail, conform non conform, or categorical result. It can sometimes be an engineering judgement. Qualitative properties in businesses Some important qualitative properties that concerns businesses are Human factors , human work capital is probably one of the most important issues that deals with qualitative properties. Some common aspects are happiness , Attitude psychology attitude towards work, motivation , general participation etc. Although all of these aspects are not measurable in terms of quantitative criteria, the general overview of them could be reviewed Quantitative property quantitative . Environmental issues , since the time of the 80 s a growing aspect for businesses. Although a lot of these aspects are regulated by law and this is increasing and quantitatively measurable, there are properties that are qualitative e.g. environmental friendly Manufacturing production , responsibility for the entire life of a product from the raw material till scrap , attitude towards safe efficient minimum waste production and acting in order to achieve this. Ethic issues closely related to environmental and human issues. Things like child labour, illegal dumping of waste etc. Are considered under the name of ethic issues. These topics are for more formal aspects covered in the corporate governance . The way a company deals with its stockholders the acting of a company is probably the most obvious qualitative aspect that people generally deal with. Although behaviour of something measuring in qualitative terms is difficult .... This indicates that qualitative properties are closely related to the way how things feel or be felt ... more details
Infobox journal title Qualitative Inquiry cover File Qualitative Inquiry.jpg editor Yvonna Lincoln, Norman K Denzin discipline former names abbreviation publisher SAGE Publications country frequency Monthly history 1995 present openaccess license impact 0.673 impact year 2010 website http www.sagepub.com journals Journal200797?siteId sage us&prodTypes any&q Qualitative Inquiry&fs 1 link1 http qix.sagepub.com content current link1 name Online access link2 http qix.sagepub.com content by year link2 name Online archive ISSN 1077 8004 eISSN OCLC 641771564 LCCN 95658119 Qualitative Inquiry is a Peer review peer reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Social Sciences . The journal s Editor in Chief editors are Yvonna Lincoln Texas A&M University and Norman K Denzin University of Illinois . It has been in publication since 1995 and is currently published by SAGE Publications . Scope Qualitative Inquiry publishes research articles that focus on methodological issues raised by qualitative research. The journal provides an interdisciplinary forum for qualitative methodology and related issues in the human sciences. Qualitative Inquiry also addresses advances in methodological strategies and techniques. Abstracting and indexing Qualitative Inquiry is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases SCOPUS , and the Social Sciences Citation Index . According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2010 impact factor is 0.673, ranking it 40 out of 83 journals in the category Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary . ref name WoS cite book year 2011 chapter Journals Ranked by Impact Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary title 2010 Journal Citation Reports publisher Thomson Reuters edition Social Sciences accessdate 2011 09 30 work Web of Science postscript . ref References reflist External links Official website 1 http qix.sagepub.com Category SAGE academic journals Category English language journals ... more details
Main Inorganic chemistry Inorganic compounds are of inanimate, not biological origin. ref J. J. Berzelius ... force J. Chem. Educ., 1965, vol. 42, p 394. DOI 10.1021 ed042p394 ref Inorganic compounds ... compound and by default this means that inorganic chemistry deals with molecules lacking carbon. ref Major textbooks on inorganic chemistry, however, decline to define inorganic compounds Holleman, A. F. Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0 12 352651 5 Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd , Cotton&Wilkinson5th ref However, biologists may distinguish organic from inorganic compounds ... CO sub 2 sub , this creates a separate pool of inorganic compounds. The distinction between inorganic and organic compounds is not always clear when dealing with Open system systems theory ..., an agency widely recognized for defining chemical terms, does not offer definitions of inorganic or organic. Hence, the definition for an inorganic versus an organic compound in a multidisciplinary ... open to debate according to the way that one views the world. Modern usage Inorganic compounds ... inorganic. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 431954 organic compound ref When considering inorganic chemistry and life, it is useful to recall that many species in nature are not compounds ... for life, as are some inorganic molecules such as carbonic acid , nitrogen , carbon dioxide ... by bioinorganic chemistry contain carbon and can be considered organic or organometallic. Inorganic carbon compounds Many compounds that contain carbon are considered inorganic, for example, carbon ... A large class of compounds discussed in inorganic chemistry textbooks are coordination compound s. Examples range from substances that are strictly inorganic, such as Cobalt III hexammine chloride .... Mineralogy Mineral s are mainly oxide s and sulfide s, which are strictly inorganic, although ... of the universe is inorganic. Although the components of Earth s crust are well elucidated, the processes ... more details
An index of qualitative variation IQV is a measure of statistical dispersion in nominal distribution s. There are a variety of these, but they have been relatively little studied in the statistics literature. The simplest is the variation ratio , while the most sophisticated is the information entropy . Properties There are various indices of qualitative variation a number are summarized and devised by Wilcox Harv Wilcox 1967 , Harv Wilcox 1973 , who requires the following standardization properties to be satisfied Variation varies between 0 and 1. Variation is 0 if and only if all cases belong to a single category. Variation is 1 if and only if cases are evenly divided across all category. ref This can only happen if the number of cases is a multiple of the number of categories. ref In particular, the value of these standardized indices does not depend on the number of categories or number of samples. For any index, the closer to uniform the distribution, the larger the variance, and the larger the differences in frequencies across categories, the smaller the variance. Indices of qualitative variation are in this sense complementary to information entropy , which is maximized when all cases belong to a single category and minimized in a uniform distribution, but they are not complementary in the sense of a particular IQV equaling 1 minus entropy. Indeed, information entropy can be used as an index of qualitative variation. One characterization of a particular index of qualitative variation IQV is as a ratio of observed differences to maximum differences. Formulae Wilcox gives ... as deviation from the mean. One formula for IQV, ref http www.xycoon.com qualitative variation.htm ... and Significance Test for Differences in Qualitative Variation journal Social Forces volume 55 issue ... first Allen R. title Indices of qualitative variation year 1967 url http www.ornl.gov info reports 1967 3445605133753.pdf Citation last Wilcox first Allen R. title Indices of Qualitative Variation and Political ... more details
Inorganic polymers are polymer s with a skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms ref http goldbook.iupac.org IT07515.html ref . Polymers containing inorganic and organic components are named hybrid polymers ref http goldbook.iupac.org HT07556.html ref . One of the best known examples is polydimethylsiloxane , otherwise known commonly as silicone rubber . It has a repeat unit based on silicon and oxygen O Si CH sub 3 sub sub 2 sub sub n sub Silicon and oxygen also occur widely in a range of inorganic minerals, including silica , mica and feldspar with other elements. The inorganic sulfur nitrogen polymer polythiazyl , SN sub x sub , is, highly unusually, a metallic superconducting polymer below 0.26 K. ref cite journal title Polysulfur nitride a metallic, superconducting polymer author M. M. Labes, P. Love, and L. F. Nichols journal Chemical Reviews Chem. Rev. year 1979 volume 79 issue 1 pages 1 15 doi 10.1021 cr60317a002 ref Examples Homochain polymers with one kind of atom in the main chain Silicon Silicon Polysilanes Germanium germanium Germanium Characteristics Polygermane s Tin tin Polystannane s. Heterochain polymers with more than one type of atom in the main chain, mostly two types of atoms alternate along the main chain Boron nitrogen Borazine Reactions Polyborazylenes Silicon Oxygen Polysiloxane s like the Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS , Polymethylhydrosiloxane PMHS and polydiphenylsiloxane Silicon nitrogen Polysilazane s like Perhydridopolysilazane PHPS Phosphorus nitrogen Polyphosphazene s and their precursor the Poly dichlorophosphazene Sulfur nitrogen Polythiazyl s. Sulfur Polysulfide s. Polymerization Inorganic polymers are formed, like organic polymers, by Step growth polymerization Polysiloxanes Chain growth polymerisation Chain growth polymerization Polysilanes Ring opening polymerization Poly dichlorophosphazene . References reflist External links http openlearn.open.ac.uk mod resource view.php?id 196631 Polymer Structure Category Inorganic ... more details
unreferenced date March 2011 For ions in inorganic compounds see ionic compounds . br Inorganic ions in animal s and plants are ion s necessary for vital cell biology cellular activity. In body tissues, ions are also known as electrolytes , essential for the electrical activity needed to support muscle contractions and neuron activation. They contribute to osmotic pressure of body fluid s as well as performing a number of other important functions. Below is a list of some of the most important ions for living things as well as examples of their functions Calcium Ca sup 2 sup , calcium is a component of bone s and teeth . It also functions as a biological messenger, as do most of the ions listed below. See Calcium deficiency Potassium K sup sup , Potassium ions main function in animals is osmotic balance, particularly in the kidneys . See Potassium deficiency . Sodium Na sup sup , Sodium ions have a similar role to potassium ions. See Sodium deficiency . Magnesium Mg sup 2 sup , Most importantly, magnesium ions are a component of chlorophyll . See Magnesium deficiency Chloride Cl sup sup , Inability to transport chloride ions in humans manifests itself as Cystic fibrosis Biological causes Cystic fibrosis Carbonate CO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup , The shells of sea creatures are calcium carbonate . In blood approximately 85 of carbon dioxide , is converted into aqueous carbonate ions an acid ic solution , allowing a greater rate of transportation. Phosphate PO sub 4 sub sup 3 sup , Adenosine triphosphate is a common molecule which stores energy in an accessible form. Bone is calcium phosphate . Iron Fe sup 2 3 sup . Haemoglobin , the main oxygen carrying molecule has a central iron ion. DEFAULTSORT Inorganic Ions Category Ions Category Cell biology Category Signal transduction om Inorganic ions ... more details
Inorganic Syntheses is a book series which aims to publish detailed and foolproof procedures for the synthesis of inorganic compounds. ref cite web title About Inorganic Syntheses url http www3.interscience.wiley.com bookseries 114034364 home publisher Inorganic Syntheses accessdate 2007 10 22 ref Although this series of books are edited, they usually are referenced like a journal, without mentioning the names of the checkers referees or the editor. A similar format is usually followed for the series Organic Syntheses . Volumes align center class wikitable Volume Year ISBN Editor s , affiliation s v. 34 2004 0 471 64750 0 John R. Shapley, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign v. 33 2002 0 471 20825 6 Dimitri Coucouvanis, University of Michigan v. 32 1998 0 471 24921 1 Marcetta Y. Darensbourg , Texas A&M University v. 31 1997 0 471 15288 9 Alan H. Cowley, University of Texas at Austin v. 30 1995 0 471 30508 1 Donald W. Murphy, AT&T Bell Laboratories Leonard V. Interrante, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute v. 29 1992 0 471 54470 1 Russell N. Grimes, University of Virginia v. 28 1990 0 471 52619 3 Robert J. Angelici, Iowa State University v. 27 1990 0 471 50976 0 Alvin P. Ginsburg, AT&T Bell Laboratories v. 26 1989 0 471 50485 8 Herbert D. Kaesz, University of California, Los Angeles v. 25 1989 0 471 61874 8 Harry R. Allcock, Pennsylvania State University v. 24 1986 0 471 83441 6 Jean ne M. Shreeve, University of Idaho v. 23 1985 0 471 81873 9 Stanley Kirschner, Wayne State University v. 22 1983 0 471 88887 7 Smith L. Holt, Jr., Oklahoma State University v. 21 1982 0 471 86520 6 John P. Fackler, Jr., Case Western Reserve University v. 20 1980 0 471 07715 1 Daryle H. Bush, Ohio State University v. 19 1979 0 471 04542 X Duward F. Shriver, Northwestern University v. 18 1978 0 471 03393 6 Bodie E. Douglas, University of Pittsburgh v. 17 1977 0 07 044327 0 Alan G. MacDiarmid ... site Category Chemistry books chemistry stub fr Inorganic Syntheses it Inorganic Syntheses pt Inorganic ... more details
wall nanotube . An inorganic nanotube is a cylindrical molecule often composed of metal oxide s, and morphologically similar to a carbon nanotube . Inorganic nanotubes have been observed to occur naturally ... 526695 ref synthetic inorganic nanotubes did not appear until Reshef Tenne et al. reported the synthesis ... Tenne1992 In the intervening years, nanotubes have been synthesised of many other inorganic materials ... catalyst s and cathode materials for batteries. History and occurrence Inorganic nanotubes are morphologically ... sub WS sub 2 sub core shell nanostructure. Typical inorganic nanotube materials are 2D layered solids ... dioxide TiO sub 2 sub and zinc oxide ZnO also form inorganic nanotubes. ref name r4 More recent nanotube ... Inorganic nanotubes are an alternative material to better explored carbon nanotubes, showing advantages ... elements, etc. Inorganic nanotubes are heavier than carbon nanotubes and not as strong under tensile ... fiber axis. The enhanced stiffness and toughness of PMMA fiber meshes by means of inorganic nanotubes ... of semiconductor quantum dot inorganic nanotube hybrids reveal efficient resonant energy transfer from the quantum dot to the inorganic nanotubes upon photoexcitation. Nanodevices based on one ... been prepared in laboratory. Inorganic nanotubes are hollow and can be filled with another material ... is confined within a nanometer scale diameter. To this goal, inorganic nanotube hybrids were made ... and nanotubes from inorganic compounds with a layered 2 D structure journal Colloids and Surfaces ... 83 issue 35 pages 30 33 date August 2005 title Inorganic Menagerie. Unusual properties of nanotubes made from inorganic materials offer intriguing possibilities for applications doi 10.1021 cen v083n040.p030 ... title Synthesis of Core Shell Inorganic Nanotubes journal Adv. Funct. Mater. year 2010 volume 20 ... subscribe journals cen 83 i35 toc toc i35.html Chemical and Engineering News Inorganic Nanotubes http www.coinapo.eu Coinapo Composites Materials of Inorganic Nanotubes and Polymers Category Nanomaterials ... more details
Inorganic growth is the rate of growth of business , sales expansion etc. by increasing output and business reach by acquiring new businesses by way of merger s, Takeover acquisitions and take overs. ref http www.investopedia.com terms i inorganicgrowth.asp Investopedia definition ref ref http in.reuters.com article idINN2416441620100624 Dell CFO eyes M&A, growth for enterprise business ref This kind of growth also takes place due to government directives, leading to enhancement of business in some identified priority sector area. The inorganic growth rate also factors in the impact of foreign exchange movements or performance of other economies. As opposed to the organic growth , this kind of growth is affected to a great extent by exogeneous factors. It is also a faster way for companies to grow compared with organic growth where the main focus is productivity enhancement and cost reduction . This term is usually related with financial sectors showing expanding business and profits. ref http www.insurancejournal.com magazines east features 2006 06 19 71026.htm Lackluster organic growth kicks up broker M&A activity in May ref References Reflist External links http www.equitymaster.com detail.asp?date 02 07 2006&story 3&title MA Growth for the sake of growth M&A Growth for the sake of growth? http www.pharmabiz.com article detnews.asp?articleid 36560§ionid 50 M&A drives Pharma Inc. Prof R D Joshi Category Business economics econ stub ... more details
An inorganic anhydride is a chemical compound that is related to another by the loss of the elements of water, H sub 2 sub O. It shares this definition with acid anhydride s but inorganic anhydrides do not contain any organic chemistry organic moiety. For example, carbon dioxide is the anhydride of carbonic acid . H sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub H sub 2 sub O CO sub 2 sub Although the term is somewhat archaic, it survives in current use in the name of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase , which catalyzes this reaction. Other inorganic acids have anhydrides which are oxides. Examples include silicon dioxide is the anhydride of silicic acid Si OH sub 4 sub 2H sub 2 sub O SiO sub 2 sub phosphorus pentoxide is the anhydride of phosphoric acid 2H sub 3 sub PO sub 4 sub 3H sub 2 sub O P sub 2 sub O sub 5 sub . vanadium pentoxide is the anhydride of vanadium vanadic acid 2H sub 3 sub VO sub 4 sub 3H sub 2 sub O V sub 2 sub O sub 5 sub . sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid H sub 2 sub SO sub 4 sub SO sub 3 sub H sub 2 sub O. This reaction is important in the manufacture of the acid. chromium trioxide is the anydride of chromic acid H sub 2 sub CrO sub 4 sub H sub 2 sub O CrO sub 3 sub iron II oxide is the anhydride of the aqueous ferrous ion Fe H sub 2 sub O sub 6 sub sup 2 sup 6H sub 2 sub O FeO 2H sup sup 5H sub 2 sub O A significant property of these anhydrides is that they are acidic oxides. This follows from the definition, since loss of water from an acid is not an acid base reaction. Although it is difficult to Acid base reaction classify these oxides as acids, the property is manifest in reactions with bases. For example, carbon dioxide reacts with alkali . CO sub 2 sub OH sup sup eqm HCO sub 3 sub sup sup OH sup sup eqm CO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup H sub 2 sub O For this reason, alkali is kept in stoppered vessels to inhibit reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide. In geochemistry ... content of the acid silicon dioxide. category inorganic compounds sr ... more details
enzyme Name inorganic diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.1 CAS number 9024 82 2 IUBMB EC number 3 6 1 1 GO code 0004427 image width caption In enzymology , an inorganic diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction diphosphate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math 2 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are diphosphate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its product chemistry product is phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is diphosphate phosphohydrolase . This enzyme participates in oxidative phosphorylation . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , metal . Structural studies As of late 2007, 56 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 117E , PDB link 1E6A , PDB link 1E9G , PDB link 1FAJ , PDB link 1HUJ , PDB link 1HUK , PDB link 1I40 , PDB link 1I6T , PDB link 1I74 , PDB link 1IGP , PDB link 1INO , PDB link 1IPW , PDB link 1JFD , PDB link 1K20 , PDB link 1K23 , PDB link 1M38 , PDB link 1MJW , PDB link 1MJX , PDB link 1MJY , PDB link 1MJZ , PDB link 1OBW , PDB link 1PYP , PDB link 1QEZ , PDB link 1SXV , PDB link 1TWL , PDB link 1UDE , PDB link 1WCF , PDB link 1WGI , PDB link 1WGJ , PDB link 1WPM , PDB link 1WPN , PDB link 1WPP , PDB link 1YGZ , PDB link 1YPP , PDB link 2AU6 , PDB link 2AU7 , PDB link 2AU8 , PDB link 2AU9 , PDB link 2AUU , PDB link 2BQX , PDB link 2BQY , PDB link 2EB0 , PDB link 2EIP , PDB link 2ENX , PDB link 2HAW , PDB link 2IHP , PDB link 2IK0 , PDB link 2IK1 , PDB link 2IK2 , PDB link 2IK4 , PDB link 2IK6 , PDB link 2IK7 , PDB link 2IK9 , PDB link 2IW4 , PDB link 2PRD , and PDB link 8PRK . References reflist Further reading cite journal ... KUNITZ M year 1952 title CRYSTALLINE INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE ISOLATED FROM BAKER S YEAST journal ... more details
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