In quantum information theory , a quantumchannel is a communication channel which can transmit quantum .... In other words, a quantumchannel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information. Memoryless quantumchannel ... on math H A math . In the Schr dinger picture , a purely quantumchannel is a map between density ... have only defined quantumchannel that transmits only quantum information. As stated in the introduction ... given so far needs to be generalized somewhat. A purely quantumchannel, in the Heisenberg ... values, is an immediate example of a channel. Time evolution For a purely quantum system ... a quantumchannel in the Schr dinger picture. In the Heisenberg picture, the dual map of this channel .... Pure channel Consider the case of a purely quantumchannel in the Heisenberg picture. With the assumption .... Consequently, the teleportation process is a quantumchannel. The apparatus for the process itself requires a quantumchannel for the transmission of one particle of an entangled state to the receiver ... the teleportation. Importantly, the classical information can be sent after the quantumchannel ... moved from one location to another to create the quantumchannel. In the experimental setting Experimentally, a simple implementation of a quantumchannel is fiber optic or free space for that matter ... n dimensional quantum system, the ideal channel is the identity map on the space of n x n matrices math mathbb C n times n math . As a slight abuse of notation, this ideal quantumchannel will be also ... m math with respect to a quantum ideal channel math mathbb C n times n math is math C mathbb C m, mathbb ... quantum information via a classical channel. Moreover, the following equalities hold math C mathbb ... log n log m . math The above says, for instance, an ideal quantumchannel is no more efficient at transmitting ... played by entanglement in quantum communication. Classical and quantumchannel capacities Using ... more details
orphan date July 2010 In quantum information science , a bistochastic quantumchannel is a quantumchannel math phi rho math which is unital map unital ref John A. Holbrook, David W. Kribs, and Raymond Laflamme. Noiseless Subsystems and the Structure of the Commutant in Quantum Error Correction. Quantum Information Processing . Volume 2, Number 5, p. 381 419. Oct 2003. ref , i.e. math phi I I math . References references Category Quantum information theory physics stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 A quantum depolarizing channel is a model for noise in quantum systems. The d dimensional depolarizing channel can be viewed as a Quantumchannel completely positive trace preserving ... that the classical capacity of a quantumchannel math Psi math can be characterized as its regularized ... information is shown to hold for the quantum depolarizing channel, sfn King 2003 and an outline of the proof is given below. As a consequence, entanglement across multiple uses of the channel cannot increase the classical capacity. In this sense, the channel behaves like a classical channel. To achieve ... is equal to the Holevo information of the channel means that we can t really uses quantum effects ... first C. date 14 January 2003 title The capacity of the quantum depolarizing channel journal IEEE Transactions ... nphys1224 id arxiv 0809.3972v4 issue 4 DEFAULTSORT Quantum Depolarizing Channel Category Quantum ... to compute and this reflects our ignorance on quantum channels. However, if the Holevo information is additive for a channel math Psi math , i.e., math chi left Psi otimes Psi right chi left ... of the channel. The additivity of Holevo information for all channels was a famous open conjecture in quantum information theory, but it is now known that this conjecture doesn t hold in general ... channel was proved by Christopher King. sfn King 2003 He showed that the maximum output p norm of the depolarizing channel is multiplicative, which implied the additivity of the minimum output ... of the Holevo information is shown for the depolarizing channel math Delta lambda math . For any channel math Psi math math chi left Delta lambda otimes Psi right chi left Delta lambda ... and math Psi math respectively, and input the product state into the product channel to get the output ... idea of the proof is to rewrite the depolarizing channel as a convex combination of simpler ... p norm for the depolarizing channel. It turns out that we can write the depolarizing channel as follows ... more details
Other uses Quantum disambiguation pp move indef In physics , a quantum plural quanta is the minimum amount ... quantization . ref Wiener, N. 1966 . Differential Space, Quantum Systems, and Prediction . Cambridge ... certain discrete values. There is a related term of quantum number . An example of an entity that is quantized ... quantum of light, and is referred to as a light quantum . The energy of an electron bound to an atom .... As incorporated into the theory of quantum mechanics , this is regarded by physicists as part of the fundamental .... Etymology and discovery The word quantum comes from the Latin quantus, for how much. Quanta .... However, the word quantum in general was well known before 1900. ref E. Cobham Brewer 1810 ... by physicians , such as the term quantum satis . Both Helmholtz and Julius von Mayer were physicians as well as physicists. Helmholtz used quantum with reference to heat in his article ref E. Helmholtz ... R Mayer.pdf de icon ref on Mayer s work, and indeed, the word quantum can be found in the formulation ... cite journal last1 Klein first1 Martin J. title Max Planck and the beginnings of the quantum theory ... trunc sys.shtml Real World Quantum Effects Demonstrated ref In the attempt to bring experiment into agreement ... also colbegin 3 Basic concepts of quantum mechanics Elementary particle Graviton Introduction to quantum mechanics Magnetic flux quantum Photon Photon polarization Quantization physics Quantum cellular automata QuantumchannelQuantum coherence Quantum chromodynamics Quantum computer Quantum cryptography Quantum dot Quantum electronics Quantum entanglement Quantum immortality Quantum lithography Quantum mechanics Quantum number Quantum sensor Quantum state Subatomic particle colend References reflist 2 Further reading B. Hoffmann, The Strange Story of the Quantum , Pelican 1963. Lucretius, On the Nature ... Development of Quantum Theory , Vol.1, Part 1, Springer Verlag New York Inc., New York 1982 ...., London 1925 Dover editions 1960 and 1993 including the Nobel lecture. Category Quantum mechanics ... more details
for the journal with this title Historical Social Research No footnotes date November 2011 In quantum mechanics , quantum information is physical information that is held in the state of a quantum system . The most popular unit of quantum information is the qubit , a two level quantum system. However, unlike classical digital states which are discrete , a two state quantum system can actually be in a quantum superposition superposition of the two states at any given time. Quantum information differs ... quantum computation that the differentiation occurs. The ability to manipulate quantum information ... secure transmission of information. Quantum information processing is the most general field that is concerned with quantum information. There are certain tasks which classical computer s cannot perform efficiently that is, in polynomial time according to any known algorithm. However, a quantum ... speed up over the best possible classical algorithm. Quantum information, and changes in quantum information ... ensemble of quantum mechanical systems with the density matrix math rho math , it is given ... theory can also be generalized to the quantum case, such as http www.mi.ras.ru holevo eindex.html Holevo entropy and the conditional quantum entropy . Quantum information theory The theory of quantum ... theory to the quantum world. Quantum information theory aims to answer the following question blockquote What happens if information is stored in a state of a quantum system? blockquote One of the strengths .... However, this is not the case for quantum information it is not possible, for example, to write ..., quantum mechanics does not allow us to read out the state of a quantum system with arbitrary precision. The existence of Bell state Bell correlations between Two state quantum system quantum systems cannot be converted into classical information. It is only possible to transform quantum information between quantum systems of sufficient information capacity. The information content of a message ... more details
The conductance quantum G sub 0 sub is the quantized unit of electrical conductance . It is defined as G sub 0 sub 2 elementary charge e sup 2 sup Planck constant h val 7.7480917346 25 e 5 u Ohm &Omega sup 1 sup Frac 1 12906.4037217 sup 1 sup . ref cite web author Barry N. Taylor, Peter J. Mohr url http physics.nist.gov cgi bin cuu Value?conqu2e2sh title CODATA Value Conductance Quantum year 2010 work http physics.nist.gov cuu index.html The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty publisher National Institute of Standards and Technology accessdate 2011 06 23 ref It appears when measuring the conductance of a quantum point contact , and, more generally, is a key component of Landauer formula which relates the electrical conductance of a quantum conductor to its quantum properties. Note that the conductance quantum does not mean that the conductance of any system must be an integer multiple of G sub 0 sub . Instead, it describes the conductance of one quantumchannel if the probability for transmitting an electron that enters the channel is unity, i.e. if transport through the channel is ballistic transport ballistic . If the transmission probability is less than unity, then the conductance of the channel is less than G sub 0 sub . The total conductance of a system is equal to the sum of the conductances of all the parallel quantum channels that make up the system. ref S. Datta, Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems , Cambridge University Press, 1995, ISBN ... of the conductance quantum can made using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle , which states that the minimum energy time uncertainty is E t h , where h is the Planck constant . The current I in a quantumchannel can be expressed as e , where is transit time and the e is electron charge . Applying ... conductance G I V , this becomes G e sup 2 sup h . References reflist See also Quantum point contact Quantum wire Mesoscopic physics DEFAULTSORT Conductance Quantum Category Quantum electronics ... more details
Quantum Content is a concept that describes the complexity, granularity and connectivity of the current state of content creation, consumption and curation. ref cite web last Cotsakos first Christos title The Age of Quantum Content url http www.endplay.com quantum work Speech accessdate 30 November 2011 ref Origins While the exact origins of the term Quantum Content remain unknown, the term was brought to relevance by Christos Cotsakos Dr. Christos M. Cotsakos at the 2011 Gilbane Conference for the Web content management system Web Content Management WCM industry. In his keynote speech, titled The Age of Quantum Content, Dr. Cotsakos defined Quantum Content as a function of Big data Big Data and its granularity, complexity and connectivity, plus elements of serendipity and sizzle also known as the e or error term in statistics . Quantum Content f Big Data Granularity Complexity Connectivity e ref cite web last Cotsakos first Christos title The Age of Quantum Content url http www.endplay.com quantum work Speech accessdate 30 November 2011 ref Characteristics of Quantum Content Prior to the Age of Quantum Content, there were two elements content creation and audience engagement that focused on three areas a creator or idea, a medium channel and an audience. In the age of Quantum Content ... With Discussion On Quantum Content url http www.1888pressrelease.com endplay ceo keynotes gilbane ... 30 November 2011 ref Similarities with Quantum Physics Quantum physics theory holds that energy ... both like a particle and like a wave, depending on how it s measured. ref cite web title What is Quantum ... 5 December 2011 ref Quantum content is not Big Data but rather it is a function of Big Data ... title The Age of Quantum Content url http www.endplay.com quantum work Speech accessdate 5 December 2011 ref As in quantum physics, even discrete data elements in the Age of Quantum Content have multiple ... Keynotes Gilbane Boston With Discussion On Quantum Content http www.endplay.com quantum The Age of Quantum ... more details
The channel may refer to the means of distribution business distribution of components involved in producing consumer electronics. the English Channel disambig ... more details
In condensed matter physics , a quantum wire is an electrical conductor electrically conducting wire in which quantum mechanics quantum effects influence the transport properties. Quantum effects If the diameter of a wire is sufficiently small, electrons will experience quantum confinement in the transverse direction. As a result, their transverse energy will be quantized into a series of discrete values. One consequence of this Quantization physics quantization is that the classical formula for calculating the electrical resistance of a wire center math R rho l over A math center is not valid for quantum wires where math rho math is the resistivity , math l math is the length, and math A math is the cross sectional area of the wire . Instead, an exact calculation of the transverse energies of the confined electrons has to be performed to calculate a wire s resistance. Following from the quantization of electron energy, the electrical conductance the inverse of the resistance is found to be quantized in multiples of math 2e 2 h math , where math e math is the electron charge and math h math is the Planck constant . The factor of two arises from spin physics spin degeneracy. A single ballistic transport ballistic quantumchannel i.e. with no internal scattering has a conductance equal to this quantum of conductance . The conductance is lower than this value in the presence of internal scattering. ref S. Datta, Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems , Cambridge University Press ... observable even at room temperature. Carbon nanotubes as quantum wires The carbon nanotube is an example of a quantum wire. A metallic single walled carbon nanotube that is sufficiently short to exhibit ... quantum , math 4e 2 h math . The factor of two arises because carbon nanotubes have two spatial ... quantumQuantum point contact Quantum well Quantum dot Carbon nanotube Mesoscopic physics References references Category Nanoelectronics Category Quantum electronics Category Semiconductor structures ... more details
as a Radon Nikodym derivative of a quantumchannel with respect to a dominating completely positive ... associated with the possible values of the observable. See also Quantumchannel References references ...Cleanup rewrite date July 2009 In quantum mechanics , a quantum operation also known as quantum dynamical map or quantum process is a mathematical formalism used to describe a broad class of transformations that a quantum mechanical system can undergo. This was first discussed as a general stochastic ... p920 1 Stochastic Dynamics of Quantum Mechanical Systems . ref The quantum operation formalism describes ... of measurement and transient interactions with an environment. In the context of quantum computation , a quantum operation is called a quantumchannel . Quantum operations are formulated in terms of the density matrix density operator description of a quantum mechanical system. Rigorously, a quantum .... Some quantum process es cannot be captured within the quantum operation formalism ref Philip Pechukas ... , Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1060 1994 . ref in principle, the density matrix of a quantum system can undergo ... account of time evolution of state for a quantum mechanical system under certain assumptions. These assumptions ... reversible transformations on the quantum mechanical system. For instance, state transformations ... mathematical formalisms have been established to handle the case of an interacting system. The quantum ... as a mapping from density states to density states. In particular, the effect of quantum operations ... operator on a Hilbert space with unit trace. Mathematically, a quantum operation is a linear map between ... on the C algebra of math n times n math matrices. Note that by the first condition quantum operations may not preserve the normalization property of statistical ensembles. In probabilistic terms, quantum operations may be sub Markovian . In order that a quantum operation preserve the set of density ... remarks, we will refer to the quantum logic logical and statistical structure of quantum ... more details
wiktionary Channelchannel channels Channel , Channels , and similar terms may refer to Channels band ... film Channel, synonym for pre chorus in Song structure popular music Pre chorus popular song structure Ion channel , a protein that allows ion flow through a cell membrane Mediumship also known as channelling , communication with spirits Meridian Chinese medicine or channel , a concept central to traditional ... dismissing other parties from liability for an event tocright Places Channel geography , in physical ... channel , a hydrologic scientific term for physical confine of a stream river consisting of stream bed and stream banks Europe English Channel , the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Great Britain from northern France Channel Tunnel , or the Chunnel, a rail tunnel underneath the English Channel linking the U.K. and France Channel Islands , an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy North America Channel Islands of California , a chain of eight islands located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California Channel Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada Channel Lake, Illinois Channel, California , a former settlement in Butte County, California, United States Channel Home Centers , a defunct home improvement chain based in the northeastern United States Australia Channel Highway , a regional highway in Tasmania, Australia Channel Express , a defunct British airline Business Distribution channel , a chain of intermediaries ... Marketing channel , set of activities necessary to transfer the ownership of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption Technology Communication channel , a transmission medium, e.g. a wire, or a multiplexed connection, e.g. a radio channel, used to convey an information signal from a sender to a receiver, Channel digital image , the grayscale representation of a primary color in a digital image Channel programming , in computer science, a tool used for interprocess communication ... more details
block of quantum computers. A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum mechanical phenomena , such as quantum superposition superposition and quantum entanglement entanglement , to perform operations on data . Quantum computers are different from digital computers ... s , quantum computation utilizes quantum properties to represent data and perform Instruction computer ... Quantum Computing with Molecules article in Scientific American by Neil Gershenfeld and Isaac L. Chuang ref A theoretical model is the quantum Turing machine , also known as the universal quantum computer. Quantum computers share theoretical similarities with non deterministic and probabilistic ... of quantum computing was first introduced by Richard Feynman in 1982. ref Quantum computation . David Deutsch, Physics World, 1 6 92 ref Although quantum computing is still in its infancy, experiments have been carried out in which quantum computational operations were executed on a very small number of qubits quantum bits . Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum ... qcomp map.shtml Quantum Information Science and Technology Roadmap for a sense of where the research is heading. ref Large scale quantum computers could be able to solve certain problems much ... using Shor s algorithm or the Quantum algorithm Quantum Simulation simulation of quantum many body systems . There exist quantum algorithms, such as Simon s algorithm , which run faster than any possible probabilistic classical algorithm. ref name Simon1994 Cite journal title On the power of quantum ... Given unlimited resources, a classical computer can simulate an arbitrary quantum algorithm so quantum ... A. coauthors Chuang, Isaac L. title Quantum Computation and Quantum Information page 202 ref However ... A. coauthors Chuang, Isaac L. title Quantum Computation and Quantum Information page 17 ref For comparison ... more details
A Channel may refer to A Channel Craig Media , a Canadian television system that operated in Manitoba and Alberta from 1997 to 2005 A, previously known as NewNet from 1995 to 2005 and A Channel from 2005 to 2008, a Canadian television system that operated in Vancouver Island, Southern Ontario and Atlantic Canada now CTV Two . A Channel manga , is a Japanese Yonkoma four panel comic strip by bb Kuroda . Disambig ... more details
and quantum mechanics , and that Alice and Bob have an authenticated channel, i.e., Eve should ... that given a commitment and a quantumchannel one can perform secure multi party computation. This is because ...Quantum cryptography describes the use of quantum mechanical effects in particular quantum communication and quantum computation to perform cryptographic tasks or to break cryptographic systems. The use of classical i.e., non quantum cryptography to protect against quantum attackers clarify date May 2011 is also often considered as quantum cryptography cn date May 2011 in this case, one also speaks of post quantum cryptography . Well known examples of quantum cryptography are the use of quantum communication to securely exchange a key quantum key distribution and the hypothetical use of quantum ... signature schemes e.g., RSA algorithm RSA and ElGamal . The advantage of quantum cryptography lies ... to be impossible using only classical i.e., non quantum communication see below for examples . In particular, quantum mechanics guarantees that measuring quantum data disturbs that data this can ... article ref name aftergateattack ref name thermalblinding have shown that undetected quantum hacking might be possible in a variety of implementations of quantum key distribution systems. This has ... Hughes and Jane Nordholt title Refining Quantum Cryptography journal Science pages 1584 6 volume 333 date 16 September 2011 doi 10.1126 science.1208527 pmid 21921186 issue 6049 ref Quantum key distribution Main Quantum key distribution Arguably the best known application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution QKD . For the history of the field see the history section in quantum key distribution . QKD describes the process of using quantum communication to establish a shared key ... speaking by letting Alice encode the bits of the key as quantum data before sending them to Bob ... . One also speaks of unconditional security . The only assumptions are that the laws of quantum mechanics ... more details
pp protected expiry 2013 03 22T09 11 26Z small yes seeintro Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics QM also known as quantum physics , or quantum theory is a branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the Action physics action is on the order of the Planck constant . Quantum mechanics departs from classical mechanics primarily at the quantum realm of atomic spacing atomic and subatomic scale ... and wave like behavior and interactions of energy and matter . In advanced topics of quantum mechanics ... low or very high energies or temperature s. The name quantum mechanics derives from the observation that some physical quantities can change only in discrete amounts Latin quantum quanta , and not in a continuous .... ref In the context of quantum mechanics, the wave particle duality of energy and matter and the uncertainty ... scale objects. The mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are abstract. A mathematical function ... s. The wavefunction treats the object as a quantum harmonic oscillator , and the mathematics is akin to that describing acoustic resonance . Many of the results of quantum mechanics are not easily visualized in terms of classical mechanics for instance, the ground state in a quantum mechanical ... of a traditional static, unchanging zero state, quantum mechanics allows for far more dynamic, chaotic possibilities, according to John Archibald Wheeler John Wheeler . The earliest versions of quantum ... accepted as scientific fact these latter theories can be viewed as quantum theories of matter and electromagnetic radiation , respectively. old quantum theory Early quantum theory was significantly ..., and the Copenhagen interpretation of Niels Bohr became widely accepted. By 1930, quantum mechanics ... emphasis placed on measurement in quantum mechanics , the statistical nature of our knowledge of reality, and philosophical speculation about the Quantum mind body problem role of the observer . Quantum mechanics has since branched out into almost every aspect of 20th century physics and other ... more details
A quantum well is a potential well with only discrete energy values. One technology to create quantization is to confine particles, which were originally free to move in three dimensions, to two dimensions, forcing them to occupy a planar region. The effects of quantum confinement take place when the quantum well thickness becomes comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the carriers generally electron s and electron hole holes , leading to energy levels called energy subbands , i.e., the carriers can only have discrete energy values. Fabrication Quantum wells are formed in semiconductors by having ... can also support quantum well states, in particular, metallic thin overlayers grown in metal and semiconductor ... substrates. Applications Because of their quasi two dimensional nature, electrons in quantum wells ..., together with the reduced amount of active material in quantum wells, leads to better performance in optical devices such as laser diodes. As a result quantum wells are in wide use in diode laser s, including ... in low noise electronics. Quantum well infrared photodetector s are also based on quantum wells, and are used for infrared imaging . By doping either the well itself, or preferably, the barrier of a quantum ... may be formed. Such as structure forms the conducting channel of a HEMT, and has interesting properties at low temperature. One such property is the quantum Hall effect , seen at high magnetic field s. acceptor semiconductors Acceptor dopants can lead to a two dimensional hole gas 2DHG . Quantum well ... single quantum well SQW or multiple quantum wells grown on semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector ... ref References Reflist Thomas Engel, Philip Reid Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy. ISBN 0 8053 3843 8. Pearson Education, 2006. Pages 73 75. See also Particle in a box Quantum wire Quantum dot Quantum well laser Modulating retro reflector DEFAULTSORT Quantum Well Category Quantum mechanics Category Quantum electronics Category Semiconductor structures ca Pou qu ntic de Quantentopf es Pozo ... more details
T channel may refer to Mandelstam variables T type calcium channel disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Infobox TV channel name Channel S logosize logofile Channel S logo.JPG logocaption Channel S Logo launch 16 December 2004 format Bangladeshi oriented slogan Working for the community owner Channel S Global ... Walthamstow , London sister names Channel S Bangladesh web http www.chsuk.tv www.chsuk.tv terr avail Not Available sat serv 1 Sky UK & Ireland Sky sat chan 1 Channel 814 sat serv 2 Eutelsat 28A sat chan 2 12560H 27500 2 3 Channel S is a United Kingdom UK based, free to air television channel targeting the British Bangladeshi community. The channel was established on 16 December 2004, by Mahee ... 12 04 d51204061471.htm Channel S TV to air programme in Bangladesh The Daily Star ref On Sky UK & Ireland ... hours, 7 days a week, and is currently available on Sky channel 814. The channel claims to be the Voice of British Bangladeshis across the world , ref name ChannelS http www.chsuk.tv Channel S, working ... channel to broadcast content in the Sylheti dialect, it has built up a loyal following among the Bangladeshis ... the launch of the channel in 2004, there has been bitter rivalry between Channel S and Bangla TV , with Channel S gaining rights to broadcast the Baishakhi Mela . A survey in the UK found Channel S was the most viewed Bengali TV channel in the UK. ref name ChannelS History British Bangladeshi File Baishakhi Mela 2009 2.jpg thumb 250px Channel S cameras broadcasting the Baishakhi Mela in 2009 at Weavers Field, East London On 16 December 2004, Channel S started to broadcast on Sky UK & Ireland Sky with a timesharing deal with ATN Global on channel 827. It was founded by a Bangladeshi businessmen ..., Prestige Auto Group. In March 2005, it moved to its own EPG channel 837 and started broadcasting 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and then moved to channel 814. From 15 January 2006, it aired its programmes ... From August 2006, Channel S acquired the rights to broadcast two of Bangladesh s prominent ... Channel S . On October 2008, it acquired the rights to broadcast a popular Bangladeshi channel called ... more details
wiktionary quantumQuantum theory may mean In science Quantum mechanics a subset of quantum physics explaining the physical behaviours at atomic and sub atomic levels Old quantum theory under the Bohr model Quantum field theory , a generic type of relativistic quantum theory, which includes Quantum electrodynamics Quantum chromodynamics Electroweak interaction Quantum gravity , a general term for theories intended to quantize general relativity Quantum optics In popular culture Quantum Theory , the final song from Jarvis album , by Jarvis Cocker Quantum Theory video game is also the name of a console video game for PS3 and Xbox 360, released in 2010 See also Introduction to quantum mechanics Continuum theories , roughly opposite to quantum theories Quantum cognition , using quantum probability theory to model human behavior disambiguation ru th ... more details
In quantum mechanics , a quantum process is a somewhat ambiguous term which usually refers to the time evolution of an open quantum system open quantum system. Under very general assumptions, a quantum process is described by the quantum operation formalism also known as a quantum dynamical map , which is a linear map linear , completely positive map from the set of density matrix density matrices to itself. For instance, in quantum process tomography , the unknown quantum process is assumed to be a quantum operation. However, not all quantum processes can be captured within the quantum operation formalism ref Philip Pechukas, http prl.aps.org abstract PRL v73 i8 p1060 1 Reduced Dynamics Need Not Be Completely Positive , Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1060 1994 . ref in principle, the density matrix of a quantum system can undergo completely arbitrary time evolution. References references M. Nielsen and I. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information , Cambridge University Press, 2000 Category Quantum mechanics Quantum stub ... more details
wiktionary quantum In general, a quantum plural Quanta disambiguation quanta may refer to In physics, quantum is an elementary indivisible entity. In particular Quantum physics includes several types of theories which make use of Quanta disambiguation quanta . It relates to quantum mechanics , various iterations of quantum theory disambiguation quantum theory and quantum field theory . The term quantum ... quantum chemistry uses quantum theory In neuroscience , quantum refers to a discrete component of a physiological response In cognitive science the following concepts are used Quantum cognition Quantum mind In computer science, quantum computer is a hypothetical computer which functioning is based on quantum theory Quantum may also refer to Quantum book , a book by Manjit Kumar Quantum Science Fiction, a line of books published by Dial Press from 1977 1981 Quantum a ride at Thorpe Park Quantum album Quantum album , an album by Planet X Quantum comics , a comic book character Quantum Statistical programming language , a programming language for statistical analysis developed by Quantime Quantum ... between 1985 and 2001 Quantum video game , an arcade game released by Atari in 1982 Quantum 2010 video game , a video game developed by Team Tachyon and published by Tecmo for the PlayStation 3 Quantum of Solace , the 22nd James Bond adventure, with released in October and November 2008 Quantum James Bond , an organization featured in the above movie and Casino Royale Quantum of Solace game , a game based on the movie Quantum compression , a file compression format Quantum Corporation , a manufacturer of computer data storage products Quantum GIS , an open source GIS program for map drawing and related functions Hobart Quantum , a service scale Quantum Magazine , a physics and science magazine Quantum meruit , a Latin phrase meaning as much as he has deserved and a principle of contract law Quantum satis , a Latin phrase meaning the amount which is needed , used in medicine and pharmacology ... more details
Nanomat File QD S.jpg thumb 165px Colloidal quantum dots irradiated with a UV light. Different sized quantum dots emit different color light due to quantum confinement. A quantum dot is a portion of matter ... in Cadmium Selenide CdSe Quantum Dots, PhD thesis, MIT year 1995 accessdate 2009 07 07 ref ref ... author Ekimov, A. I. & Onushchenko, A. A. title Quantum size effect in three dimensional microscopic ... 1981JETPL..34..345E ref in a glass matrix and by Louis E. Brus in colloidal solutions. The term quantum ... reedlab publications 26 20QDot 20PRL.pdf ref Researchers have studied quantum dots in transistor ... quantum dots as Stain agents for medical imaging and hope to use them as qubit s in quantum computing . Stated simply, quantum dots are semiconductors whose electronic characteristics are closely ... emitted. In addition to such tuning, a main advantage with quantum dots is that, because of the high ... quantum dots explained how quantum dots work.html title www.evidenttech.com How quantum dots work. year 2009 accessdate 2009 10 15 ref Quantum dots of different sizes can be assembled into a Gradient Multi Layer nanofilm gradient multi layer nanofilm . TOC Quantum confinement in semiconductors File QuantumDot wf.gif thumb 330px right 3D confined electron wave functions in a quantum dot. Here, rectangular and triangular shaped quantum dots are shown. Energy states in rectangular dots are more ... principle , leading to Potential well quantum confinement . The energy level can then be modeled using particle in a box , which leads to the conclusion that the energy levels of the quantum dot is dependent on its size. When the size of the quantum dot is smaller than the critical characteristic length ... lattice structure of the crystal. The quantum dots that have radii larger than the Exciton Bohr ... Bohr radius are said to be in the strong confinement regime . Thus, if the size of the quantum dot is small enough that the quantum confinement effects dominate typically less than 10 nm ... more details
Quantum jump may refer to Atomic electron transition or a similar transition between quantum state s, which is a scientific phenomenon Quantum Jump , a British rock music band disambig ... more details
Quantum Philosophy may refer to Quantum Philosophy book , by Roland Omn s Quantum metaphysics disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Quantum healing is a metaphysical claim that the mind can heal the body. In order to explain the claims, a distorted vocabulary of quantum mechanics is often used, for instance quantum entanglement to explain healing without direct contact. Those explanations are usually not scientifically accepted. Details Quantum mysticism Category Quantum mysticism Newage stub ... more details
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