Refimprove date December 2008 Quantumindeterminacy is the apparent necessary incompleteness in the description ... unambiguous terms why the quantum state should be viewed as information .. ref Quantumindeterminacy ... state, and moreover quantum mechanics provides a recipe for calculating this probability distribution. Indeterminacy in measurement was not an innovation of quantum mechanics, since it had been established ... error models. In quantum mechanics, however, indeterminacy is of a much more fundamental nature, having nothing to do with errors or disturbance. Measurement An adequate account of quantumindeterminacy requires a theory of measurement. Many theories have been proposed since the beginning of quantum mechanics and quantum measurement continues to be an active research area in both theoretical and experimental physics. ref V. Braginski and F. Khalili, Quantum Measurements , Cambridge .... Other examples of indeterminacyQuantumindeterminacy can also be illustrated in terms of a particle ... and incompleteness Quantumindeterminacy is the assertion that the state of a system does not determine ... especially part III Misconceptions regarding measurement . DEFAULTSORT QuantumIndeterminacy Category ... of quantum physics . Prior to quantum physics, it was thought that a a physical system had a determinate ... Einstein may have been the first person to carefully point out the radical effect the new quantum physics would have on our notion of physical state. ref Christopher Fuchs, Quantum mechanics as quantum information and only a little more , in A. Khrenikov ed. Quantum Theory Reconstruction of Foundations ... formulation of quantum mechanics Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics .... Quantum mechanics, moreover, gives a recipe for computing a probability distribution Pr on the possible ... complex Hilbert space C sup 2 sup , with each quantum state corresponding to a unit vector in C sup ... that can be asked about the above indeterminacy assertion. Can the apparent indeterminacy be construed ... more details
wiktionary Indeterminacy refers to uncertainty in knowledge, either in its precision or its predictability. Indeterminacy or underdeterminacy may refer to Indeterminacy in computation disambiguation aleatoric music and indeterminacy in music . Statically indeterminate Indeterminacy literature a literary term In set theory and game theory, the opposite of determinacy Underdetermined system In law Indeterminacy debate in legal theory Underdeterminacy law In linguistics Indeterminacy of translation Referential indeterminacy In philosophy Indeterminacy philosophy Indeterminism , the belief that not all events are causally determined Deterministic system philosophy Philosophy of science Indeterminacy of theory under empirical testing Underdetermination In physics Quantumindeterminacy Uncertainty principle Scientific determinism See also Nondeterminism disambiguation Determinism disambiguation Indeterminate disambiguation disambig ... more details
Indeterminancy in computation may refer to Quantumindeterminacy in quantum computer s Nondeterministic finite automata Nondeterministic algorithm In concurrency Indeterminacy in concurrent computation Unbounded nondeterminism disambig ... more details
certain indeterminacies, such as the relative indeterminacy of quantum particles positions to the precision ... in a succinct but now unpopular argument against the theory of quantumindeterminacy , which states ... in itself and quantumindeterminacy. ref ref http www.quantumnietzsche.com The Quantum Nietzsche ... Memetics Nietzsche Occam s razor Philosophy of science Qualia Quantifiability Quantumindeterminacy ...Cleanup rewrite date January 2010 Original research date January 2010 Indeterminacy , in philosophy , can ... and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of definition or meaning. Citation needed ... s criticism of the Kantian noumenon . Citation needed date January 2010 Indeterminacy in philosophy Introduction Indeterminacy was discussed in one of Jacques Derrida Jacques Derrida s early ... of the tale, thus shutting out the other possibilities. The problem of indeterminacy arises when ... this linguistic indeterminacy. Philosophers and scientists generally try to eliminate indeterminate ... since it was dismissed for decades after it was made. Nietzsche and the indeterminacy of the thing ... against what he held to be the indeterminacy Citation needed date January 2010 of such concepts ... seems to be indeterminate. Indeterminacy of meaning and translation Willard Van Orman Quine , Donald Davidson philosopher Donald Davidson , etc. Foucault and the indeterminacy of insanity The philosopher ... s original argument against the indeterminacy of the concept of insanity in his Madness and Civilization ... ref In The Archaeology of Knowledge , Foucault addresses indeterminacy directly by discussing ... of those effects, but it can also serve to illustrate a particular effect of the indeterminacy of definition ... of the same behaviors . Indeterminacy in Discourse Analysis Steve Hoenisch asserts in his article Interpretation and Indeterminacy in Discourse Analysis that T he exact meaning of a speaker s utterance ... theory because it reduces the indeterminacy and yields a more principled interpretation ... ref http ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Referential indeterminacy is a linguistics linguistic term referring to situations in which different people vary in naming objects. For example, William Labov studied this effect using illustrations of different drinking vessels to see what people would label as cups and what people would label as mugs . See also Idiolect DEFAULTSORT Referential Indeterminacy Category Linguistics Ling stub ... more details
Rewrite date March 2011 Wikify date March 2011 Indeterminacy in literature can be simply defined as when components of a text call for or require the reader to make their own decisions about the text s meaning ... of meaning between the elements of a text. Therefore, indeterminacy is, in a nutshell, the belief ..., indeterminacy is sometimes confused with the idea of ambiguity, as the two are very alike. However, as opposed to ambiguity, indeterminacy is applied by its practitioners not only to literature ..., the presence of dominant indeterminacy of meaning does not mean that decisions about meaning ... individual interpretations. Balidick 2008 Furthermore, the presence of indeterminacy does not result ... to further interpretation. Indeterminacy and reader imagination A slightly different approach to indeterminacy ..., p. 116 quotes proclaimed writer John Fowles in regards to the indeterminacy of narrative as an advantage ... the partial indeterminacy, the gappiness of fictional objects, including fictional characters , by pointing .... McHale 1992, p. 36 Deconstruction theory This literary meaning of indeterminacy is often associated ... do not believe I have ever spoken of indeterminacy , whether in regard to meaning or anything else... deconstruction should never lead either to relativism or to any sort of indeterminism. Indeterminacy theory According to indeterminacy theory, all texts can have the multiplicity of possible interpretations ... by pop culture. So, indeterminacy is not always purposeful. However, it should always be remembered that while some indeterminacy in literary fiction is permanent the gap will never be filled or closed other areas of indeterminacy are temporary, and deliberately planted by the author with the intention ... the text. McHale 1992, p. 36 Sources Baldick, C 2008, Indeterminacy , The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms, online Oxford Reference Premium . Encyclopaedia Britannica 2011, Indeterminacy, viewed 7 March 2011, http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 285153 indeterminacy McHale, B 1992, Constructing ... more details
Noref date December 2011 The indeterminacy of translation is a thesis propounded by 20th century American analytic philosophy analytic philosopher W. V. Quine . The classic statement of this thesis can be found in his 1960 book Word and Object , which gathered together and refined much of Quine s previous work on subjects other than formal logic and set theory. The indeterminacy of translation is also discussed at length in his Ontological Relativity 1968 . In these books, Quine considers the methods available to a field linguist attempting to translate a hitherto unknown language. He notes that there are always different ways one might break a sentence into words, and different ways to distribute functions among words. Any hypothesis of translation could be defended only by appeal to context, by determining what other sentences a native would utter. But the same indeterminacy will appear there any hypothesis can be defended if one adopts enough compensatory hypotheses about other parts of the language. Consider Quine s example of the word gavagai uttered by a native upon seeing a rabbit . The linguist could do what seems natural and translate this as Lo, a rabbit. But other translations would be compatible with all the evidence he has Lo, food Let s go hunting There will be a storm tonight these natives may be superstitious Lo, a momentary rabbit stage Lo, an undetached rabbit part. Some of these might become less likely &ndash that is, become more unwieldy hypotheses &ndash in the light of subsequent observation . Others can only be ruled out by querying the natives An wikt affirmative affirmative answer to Is this the same gavagai as that earlier one? will rule out momentary rabbit stage, and so forth. But these questions can only be asked once the linguist has mastered ..., admit of multiple interpretations, as we have seen. Indeterminacy of translation also applies ... his behavior, the indeterminacy of translation may be felt to suggest that there are no such entities ... more details
Other uses Indeterminacy disambiguation The indeterminacy problem is posed as a kind of paradox in the study of the sociology of science sociology and history of science . It is often used as an argument against the rational value of scientific thought. The argument is as follows There are an infinite number of possible theories, There can only be a finite amount of experimental evidence, Therefore it is impossible to disambiguate between all viable theories. While this is true in this abstract form, in practice, parsimony is used to limit the number of theories which are considered useful, and likewise, to limit the number of directions to take experimental research. Occam s Razor , seeking the simplest explanation, forms much of the basis of modern scientific thought a theory which accounts best for all observed phenomena, does not predict disproven phenomena, and does not introduce unobserved phenomena is to be preferred. ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id od68ge7aF6wC&pg PA531&dq parsimonious scientific method v onepage&q &f false title The philosophy of science an encyclopedia, Volume 1 author Sahotra Sarkar, Jessica Pfeifer publisher Routledge isbn 9780415939270 ref Moreover, data obtained by one experiment can be applied to more than one hypothesis, and proven hypotheses can be applied to more than one theory. For example, the theory of gravity has implications for innumerable other theories. There is not an infinite number of possible theories, since the available theories are limited by the ideas which have actually been imagined by scientists. See also Occam s razor Parsimony Negative proof References reflist External links http books.google.com books?q Indeterminacy problem&btnG Search Books Google Books Category Sociological terms ... more details
Indeterminacy in music, which began early in the 20th century in the music of Charles Ives , and was continued in the 1930s by Henry Cowell and carried on by his student, the experimental music composer John Cage beginning in 1951 Griffiths 2001 , came to refer to the mostly American movement which grew up around Cage. This group included the other members of the so called New York School The Composers New York School Earle Brown , Morton Feldman and Christian Wolff composer Christian Wolff . Others working in this way included the Scratch Orchestra in the United Kingdom 1968 until the early 1970s and the Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi born 1933 . Definition Any part of a musical work is indeterminate if it is chosen by chance, or if its performance is not precisely specified. The former case is called indeterminacy of composition the latter is called indeterminacy of performance Simms 1986, 357 . History In 1958 Cage gave two lectures in Europe, the first at Darmstadt, titled simply Indeterminacy Cage 1961, 35 40 , the second in Brussels called Indeterminacy New Aspect of Form in Instrumental and Electronic Music given again in an expanded form in 1959 at Teacher s College, Columbia . This second lecture consisted of a number of short stories originally 30, expanded to ninety in the second version , each story read by Cage in exactly one minute because of this time limit the speed ..., Cage added still more stories, and published a selection of them, partly as an article, Indeterminacy ..., Silence Cage 1961 . One strand of indeterminacy in music sees it weasel inline date October ... us every day. Indeterminacy in this view is philosophically opposed to aleatoric music there the indeterminate ... beyond the listeners capabilities of discrimination. The greatest degree of indeterminacy is reached ... Lectures and Writings . Middletown, Conn. Wesleyan University Press. Childs, Barney. 1974. Indeterminacy .... Indeterminacy New Aspects of Form in Instrumental and Electronic Music . Ninety Stories by John Cage ... more details
Other uses Quantum disambiguation pp move indef In physics , a quantum plural quanta is the minimum amount ... quantization . ref Wiener, N. 1966 . Differential Space, Quantum Systems, and Prediction . Cambridge ... certain discrete values. There is a related term of quantum number . An example of an entity that is quantized ... quantum of light, and is referred to as a light quantum . The energy of an electron bound to an atom .... As incorporated into the theory of quantum mechanics , this is regarded by physicists as part of the fundamental .... Etymology and discovery The word quantum comes from the Latin quantus, for how much. Quanta .... However, the word quantum in general was well known before 1900. ref E. Cobham Brewer 1810 ... by physicians , such as the term quantum satis . Both Helmholtz and Julius von Mayer were physicians as well as physicists. Helmholtz used quantum with reference to heat in his article ref E. Helmholtz ... R Mayer.pdf de icon ref on Mayer s work, and indeed, the word quantum can be found in the formulation ... cite journal last1 Klein first1 Martin J. title Max Planck and the beginnings of the quantum theory ... trunc sys.shtml Real World Quantum Effects Demonstrated ref In the attempt to bring experiment into agreement ... also colbegin 3 Basic concepts of quantum mechanics Elementary particle Graviton Introduction to quantum mechanics Magnetic flux quantum Photon Photon polarization Quantization physics Quantum cellular automata Quantum channel Quantum coherence Quantum chromodynamics Quantum computer Quantum cryptography Quantum dot Quantum electronics Quantum entanglement Quantum immortality Quantum lithography Quantum mechanics Quantum number Quantum sensor Quantum state Subatomic particle colend References reflist 2 Further reading B. Hoffmann, The Strange Story of the Quantum , Pelican 1963. Lucretius, On the Nature ... Development of Quantum Theory , Vol.1, Part 1, Springer Verlag New York Inc., New York 1982 ...., London 1925 Dover editions 1960 and 1993 including the Nobel lecture. Category Quantum mechanics ... more details
essay date November 2010 Indeterminacy in concurrent computation is concerned with the effects of indeterminacy in concurrent computation . Computation is an area in which indeterminacy is becoming increasingly important because of the massive increase in concurrency due to networking and the advent of Multi core processor many core computer architectures. These computer systems make use of Arbiter electronics arbiters which give rise to indeterminacy . A limitation of logic programming Patrick J. Hayes Patrick Hayes 1973 argued that the usual sharp distinction that is made between the processes of computation and deduction, is misleading . Robert Kowalski developed the thesis that computation could be subsumed by deduction and quoted with approval Computation is controlled deduction. which he attributed to Hayes in his 1988 paper on the early history of Prolog. Contrary to Kowalski and Hayes, Carl Hewitt claimed that logical deduction was incapable of carrying out concurrent computation in open systems fact date January 2011 . Hewitt 1985 , Hewitt and Agha 1991 , and other published ... Arbiters give rise to indeterminacyindeterminacy in the arrival order. Since the arrival orderings ... programming parallel computation including the lambda calculus . Arrival order indeterminacy ... the results and can even push the indeterminacy elsewhere. e.g., see metastability in electronics ... computations, we await outcomes. Indeterminacy in arbiters produces indeterminacy in Actors. The reason that we await outcomes is that we have no alternative because of indeterminacy. It is important ... claim was that because of the indeterminacy of the physical basis of the Actor model, that no kind ... passing and consequently were subject to the same indeterminacy. Logical operations and system .... Indeterminacy in other models of computation Arbitration is the basis of the indeterminacy ... Quantum computer Randomized algorithm Nondeterministic Turing machine References Carl Hewitt . PLANNER ... more details
No footnotes date March 2010 The indeterminacy debate in legal theory can be summed up as follows Can the law constrain the results reached by adjudicators in legal disputes? Some members of the critical legal studies movement primarily jurist legal academics in the United States argued that the answer to this question is no. Another way to state this position is to suggest that disputes cannot be resolved with clear answers and thus there is at least some amount of uncertainty in legal reasoning and its application to disputes. A given body of legal doctrine is said to be indeterminate by demonstrating that every legal rule in that body of legal doctrine is opposed by a counterrule that can be used in a process of legal reasoning. The indeterminacy thesis emerged as a far left reply to Ronald Dworkin s right answer thesis. In its strongest form it is an extreme version of legal realism. It argues that nothing is law until it has been promulgated by an official either a judge or the legislature. For example, a statute that says No person may smoke in a hospital does not mean that John Doe may not smoke in a hospital the second statement is the law only if a legitimate authority declares so. This is because one cannot describe a legal statement as right or wrong without making a normative value judgment about what the law should be. Clarify date May 2010 In the 1990s the indeterminacy thesis came under heavy attack by Liberalism liberal and Conservatism conservative defenders of the rule of law , and the debate, though its mantle is in the process of being taken up by a new generation of scholars, has left the intellectual spotlight for the time being. The thesis can be criticised ... On the Indeterminacy Crisis Critiquing Critical Dogma , 54 The University of Chicago Law Review 462 1987 . Kenneth J. Kress, Legal Indeterminacy , 77 California Law Review 283 1989 . Mark Tushnet ...., London Duckworth, 1984 DEFAULTSORT Indeterminacy Debate In Legal Theory Category Legal disputes ... more details
The quantum potential is a central concept of the de Broglie Bohm theory de Broglie Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics , introduced by David Bohm in 1952. Initially presented under the name quantum mechanical potential , subsequently quantum potential , it was later elaborated upon by Bohm and Basil Hiley in its interpretation as an information potential which acts on a quantum particle. It is also referred to as quantum potential energy , Bohm potential , quantum Bohm potential or Bohm quantum potential . In the framework of the de Broglie Bohm theory, the quantum potential is a term within the Schr dinger equation which acts to guide the movement of quantum particles. The quantum potential ... Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of Hidden Variables I journal Physical Review year ... David last Bohm title A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of Hidden Variables ... postulated in 1926 that the wave function represents a pilot wave which guides a quantum particle, but had ... articles of Bohm in 1952 introduced the quantum potential and included answers to the objections which ... solid black padding 10px float right u Quantum potential u math quad Q frac hbar 2 2m frac nabla 2 R R math Building on the interpretation of the quantum theory introduced by Bohm in 1952, David Bohm and Basil Hiley in 1975 presented how the concept of a quantum potential leads to the notion of an unbroken wholeness of the entire universe , proposing that the fundamental new quality introduced by quantum physics is quantum nonlocality nonlocality . ref D. Bohm, B. J. Hiley On the intuitive understanding of nonlocality as implied by quantum theory , Foundations of Physics, Volume 5, Number 1 ... ref Quantum potential as part of the Schr dinger equation The Schr dinger equation math i hbar ... The Undivided Universe An Ontological Interpretation of Quantum Theory , Routledge, 1993, ISBN 0 415 ... math Q math is the quantum potential , defined as math quad Q frac hbar 2 2m frac nabla 2 R R math ... more details
wiktionary quantumQuantum theory may mean In science Quantum mechanics a subset of quantum physics explaining the physical behaviours at atomic and sub atomic levels Old quantum theory under the Bohr model Quantum field theory , a generic type of relativistic quantum theory, which includes Quantum electrodynamics Quantum chromodynamics Electroweak interaction Quantum gravity , a general term for theories intended to quantize general relativity Quantum optics In popular culture Quantum Theory , the final song from Jarvis album , by Jarvis Cocker Quantum Theory video game is also the name of a console video game for PS3 and Xbox 360, released in 2010 See also Introduction to quantum mechanics Continuum theories , roughly opposite to quantum theories Quantum cognition , using quantum probability theory to model human behavior disambiguation ru th ... more details
In quantum mechanics , a quantum process is a somewhat ambiguous term which usually refers to the time evolution of an open quantum system open quantum system. Under very general assumptions, a quantum process is described by the quantum operation formalism also known as a quantum dynamical map , which is a linear map linear , completely positive map from the set of density matrix density matrices to itself. For instance, in quantum process tomography , the unknown quantum process is assumed to be a quantum operation. However, not all quantum processes can be captured within the quantum operation formalism ref Philip Pechukas, http prl.aps.org abstract PRL v73 i8 p1060 1 Reduced Dynamics Need Not Be Completely Positive , Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1060 1994 . ref in principle, the density matrix of a quantum system can undergo completely arbitrary time evolution. References references M. Nielsen and I. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information , Cambridge University Press, 2000 Category Quantum mechanics Quantum stub ... more details
wiktionary quantum In general, a quantum plural Quanta disambiguation quanta may refer to In physics, quantum is an elementary indivisible entity. In particular Quantum physics includes several types of theories which make use of Quanta disambiguation quanta . It relates to quantum mechanics , various iterations of quantum theory disambiguation quantum theory and quantum field theory . The term quantum ... quantum chemistry uses quantum theory In neuroscience , quantum refers to a discrete component of a physiological response In cognitive science the following concepts are used Quantum cognition Quantum mind In computer science, quantum computer is a hypothetical computer which functioning is based on quantum theory Quantum may also refer to Quantum book , a book by Manjit Kumar Quantum Science Fiction, a line of books published by Dial Press from 1977 1981 Quantum a ride at Thorpe Park Quantum album Quantum album , an album by Planet X Quantum comics , a comic book character Quantum Statistical programming language , a programming language for statistical analysis developed by Quantime Quantum ... between 1985 and 2001 Quantum video game , an arcade game released by Atari in 1982 Quantum 2010 video game , a video game developed by Team Tachyon and published by Tecmo for the PlayStation 3 Quantum of Solace , the 22nd James Bond adventure, with released in October and November 2008 Quantum James Bond , an organization featured in the above movie and Casino Royale Quantum of Solace game , a game based on the movie Quantum compression , a file compression format Quantum Corporation , a manufacturer of computer data storage products Quantum GIS , an open source GIS program for map drawing and related functions Hobart Quantum , a service scale Quantum Magazine , a physics and science magazine Quantum meruit , a Latin phrase meaning as much as he has deserved and a principle of contract law Quantum satis , a Latin phrase meaning the amount which is needed , used in medicine and pharmacology ... more details
Quantum jump may refer to Atomic electron transition or a similar transition between quantum state s, which is a scientific phenomenon Quantum Jump , a British rock music band disambig ... more details
Quantum Philosophy may refer to Quantum Philosophy book , by Roland Omn s Quantum metaphysics disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Quantum healing is a metaphysical claim that the mind can heal the body. In order to explain the claims, a distorted vocabulary of quantum mechanics is often used, for instance quantum entanglement to explain healing without direct contact. Those explanations are usually not scientifically accepted. Details Quantum mysticism Category Quantum mysticism Newage stub ... more details
lead too short date August 2011 context date September 2010 Quantum algebra is one of the top level mathematics categories used by the arXiv . Subjects include Quantum group s Skein theories Operadic algebra Diagrammatic algebra Quantum field theory External links http arxiv.org list math.QA current Quantum algebra at arxiv.org Ramaswamy Jagannathan R. Jagannathan , http arxiv.org abs math ph 0003018 An Introduction to Quantum Algebras and Their Applications mathematics stub Category Quantum groups ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In some physics theories, choosing a 3 geometry via spin network and 4 geometry via spin foam , any superposition of spin networks is called a kinematical state and any superposition of spin foams is called a quantum history . DEFAULTSORT Quantum History Category Quantum mechanics Quantum stub ... more details
Quantum technology is a new field of physics and engineering, which transitions some of the stranger features of quantum mechanics , especially quantum entanglement and most recently quantum tunneling , into practical applications such as quantum computing , quantum cryptography , quantum simulation, quantum metrology , quantum sensing , and quantum imaging . The field of quantum technology was first ... content bdm1frlb9tfmr3ar Quantum Technology The Second Quantum Revolution , J.P.Dowling and G.J.Milburn, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 361, 3655 2003 ref ref http arxiv.org abs quant ph 0206091 Quantum Technology The Second Quantum Revolution , J.P.Dowling and G.J.Milburn, arXiv quant ph 0206091v1 ref ... Research 20Papers PPQT.pdf Physics, Philosophy, and Quantum Technology , D.Deutsch in the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing, Shapiro, J.H. and Hirota, O., Eds. Rinton Press, Princeton, NJ. 2003 ref The field of quantum technology has benefited immensely from the influx of new ideas from the field of quantum information processing , particularly quantum computing . Disparate areas of quantum physics , such as quantum optics , atom optics , quantum electronics , and quantum nanomechanical devices , have been unified under the search for a quantum computer and given a common language, that of quantum information theory. References reflist External links http www.sciencenews.org articles 20011208 bob16.asp Gadgets from the Quantum ... articles 20040925 fob4ref.asp Spooky Timing Quantum linked photons coordinate clock ticks , Science ... www.nature.com nature journal v412 n6845 full 412417a0.html Quantum enhanced positioning and clock synchronization , Nature 412, 417 419 26 July 2001 . http minty.stanford.edu Collective Quantum Feedback ... Quantum Atomic Gravity Gradiometer http www.scienceagogo.com news 20050110221715data trunc sys.shtml Real World Quantum Effects Demonstrated Technology Category Quantum information science Category Quantum ... more details
quantum field theory In a quantum field theory , Asymptotic freedom Screening and antiscreening charge screening can restrict the value of the observable renormalized charge of a classical theory. If the only allowed value of the renormalized charge is zero, the theory is said to be trivial or noninteracting. Thus, surprisingly, a classical theory that appears to describe interacting particles can, when realized as a quantum field theory, become a trivial theory of noninteracting free particles. This phenomenon is referred to as quantum triviality . Strong evidence supports the idea that a field theory involving only a scalar Higgs boson is trivial in four spacetime dimensions, ref cite book author R. Fernandez, Jurg Frohlich J. Froehlich , Alan Sokal A. D. Sokal year 1992 title Random Walks, Critical Phenomena, and Triviality in Quantum Field Theory publisher Springer publisher Springer isbn 0387543589 ref but the situation for realistic models including other particles in addition to the Higgs .... This Higgs triviality is similar to the Landau pole problem in quantum electrodynamics , where this quantum theory may be inconsistent at very high momentum scales unless the renormalized charge ... considered to be of minor academic interest for quantum electrodynamics because of the inaccessibly ... 1573 88 90008 7 bibcode 1988PhR...167..241C ref These quantum triviality constraints are in sharp .... Triviality and the renormalization group The first evidence of possible triviality of quantum field ... 0 math and the real Landau pole arises the theory is internally inconsistent due to indeterminacy of math g mu math for math mu mu 0 math . The latter case corresponds to the quantum triviality in full ... classification. The true quantum triviality is a stronger property, corresponding to the case ... format PDF accessdate 2011 08 27 ref References reflist 2 Category Quantum field theory Triviality Category Quantum mechanics Triviality Category Mathematical physics Category Fundamental physics ... more details
Quantum hydrodynamics QHD is most generally the study of hydrodynamic systems which demonstrate behavior implicit in quantum mechanics quantum subsystems usually quantum tunneling . They arise in semiclassical mechanics in the study of semiconductor devices, in which case being derived from the Boltzmann equation Wigner Boltzmann equation . In quantum chemistry they arise as solutions to chemical kinetics chemical kinetic systems, in which case they are derived from the Schr dinger equation by way of Madelung equations . An important system of study in quantum hydrodynamics is that of superfluidity . Some other topics of interest in quantum hydrodynamics are quantum turbulence , quantized vortices , second sound second and third sound , and quantum solvent s. The quantum hydrodynamic equation is an equation in Bohm interpretation Bohmian mechanics , which, it turns out, has a mathematical relationship to classical fluid dynamics see Madelung equations . This is a rich theoretical field. Some common experimental applications of these studies are in liquid helium He 3 and He 4 , and of the interior of neutron star s and the quark gluon plasma . Many famous scientists have worked in quantum hydrodynamics, including Richard Feynman , Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Landau , and Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Pyotr L. Kapitsa . References Robert E. Wyatt Quantum Dynamics with Trajectories Introduction to Quantum Hydrodynamics Springer, 2005 ISBN 978 0 387 22964 5 Category Quantum mechanics quantum stub it Idrodinamica quantistica pt Hidrodin mica qu ntica ... more details
Quantum imaging ref http www.iop.org EJ abstract 1464 4266 4 3 372 Quantum Imaging , L A Lugiato et al. 2002 J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 4 S176 S183. ref , ref http www.informaworld.com openurl?genre issue&issn 0950 0340&volume 53&issue 5 Special Issue on Quantum Imaging , Edited by Jonathan Dowling, Alessandra Gatti and Alexander Sergienko, Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 53 No. 5 2006 . ref , ref http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpl freeabs all.jsp?arnumber 4303053 Quantum Imaging , Yanhua Shih, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 13 2007 1016. ref is a new sub field of quantum optics that exploits quantum correlations such as quantum entanglement of the electromagnetic field in order to image objects with a optical resolution resolution or other imaging criteria that is beyond what is possible in classical optics . Examples of quantum imaging are quantum ghost imaging , quantum lithography , and quantum sensing . Quantum imaging may someday be useful for storing patterns of data in quantum computers and transmitting large amounts of highly secure encrypted information. Quantum mechanics has shown that light has inherent uncertainties in its features, manifested as moment to moment fluctuations in its properties. Controlling these fluctuations which represent a sort of noise can improve detection of faint objects, produce better amplified images, and allow workers to more accurately position laser beams. ref http newswise.com articles view 541666 Newswise Physicists Produce Quantum Entangled Images Retrieved on June 12, 2008. ref External links http www.quantiki.org wiki index.php Quantum imaging Quantum Imaging Overview at Quantiki . References Reflist Category Quantum information science Category Quantum mechanics ... more details
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