Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Quark was an United States American science magazine in the 1970s. DEFAULTSORT QuarkMagazine Category Science and technology magazines Category Defunct magazines of the United States Category Article Feedback 5 Sci mag stub no Quark ... more details
About the particle Infobox Particle name Quark image Image Quark structure proton.svg 225px alt Three ... quark s color charge. The red and blue balls are labeled u for up quark and the green one is labeled d for down quark . caption A proton, composed of two up quark s and one down quark . The color charge ... types 6 up quark up , down quark down , strange quark strange , charm quark charm , bottom quark bottom , and top quark top composition Elementary particle statistics Fermion ic group generation 1st ... Quark baryon number Frac 1 3 mass decay time decay particle electric charge Frac 2 3 elementary charge e , Frac 1 3 e color charge Yes spin Frac 1 2 num spin states A quark IPAc en icon ... s, the components of atomic nucleus atomic nuclei . ref cite web author title Quark subatomic particle url http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 486323 quark work Encyclop dia Britannica ... author R. Nave title Bag Model of Quark Confinement url http hyperphysics.phy astr.gsu.edu hbase ... particle physics flavor s Up quark up , Down quark down , Strange quark strange , Charm quark charm , Bottom quark bottom , and Top quark top . ref name HyperphysicsQuark cite web author R. Nave ... charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge . For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle , known as antiquark , that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties have additive inverse equal magnitude but opposite sign . The quark model was independently ... cite journal author B. Carithers, P. Grannis title Discovery of the Top Quark url http www.slac.stanford.edu ... PhysRevLett.23.935 bibcode 1969PhRvL..23..935B ref All six flavors of quark have since been observed in accelerator experiments the top quark, first observed at Fermilab in 1995, was the last to be discovered ... s of quarks SubatomicParticle quark , named up quark up SubatomicParticle up quark , down quark down SubatomicParticle down quark , strange quark strange SubatomicParticle strange quark , charm quark ... more details
Quark was an anthology book series devoted to avant garde science fiction and related material, edited by fiction writer and critic Samuel R. Delany and poet and editor Marilyn Hacker four volumes were published in 1970 and 1971. ref name SFE3 NW cite web url http sf encyclopedia.com entry new worlds title Culture New Worlds SFE Science Fiction Encyclopaedia accessdate November 25, 2011 publisher Gollancz ref The editors, once married, were among the foremost homosexual activist writers in the following decades. The volumes in the series are Quark 1 Quark 2 Quark 3 Quark 4 Footnotes reflist DEFAULTSORT Quark Anthology Series Category Science fiction anthology series Sf book stub ... more details
Wiktionary quark TOCright A quark is an elementary particle. Quark may also refer to Computing Quark, Inc. , a software manufacturer QuarkXPress , their flagship page layout software Quark kernel , a microkernel used in the MorphOS operating system QuArK or Quake Army Knife, a game editor Quarks, X resources representing strings using integers Fiction Quark, a character in Valhalla comic Valhalla Quark, a Marvel Comics character often associated with Longshot Quark , a nonce word in James Joyce s Finnegans Wake Quark , a science fiction anthology book series in 1970 and 1971 Quark, a type of robot in List of Doctor Who robots Quark Doctor Who Quark, a white dragon from Lunar The Silver Star and its remakes QuarkmagazineQuarkmagazine , a 1970s popular science and puzzle magazineQuark Star Trek Quark Star Trek , a character from Star Trek Deep Space Nine Quark, the family dog in Honey, I Shrunk the Kids Quark TV series Quark TV series , a short lived 1978 science fiction sitcom Other uses Quark techfest , Annual Technical Festival of BITS Pilani Goa Campus Peugeot Quark , a concept car Quark cheese , a soft cheese Quark song Quark , a song by Die rzte Quark, Strangeness and Charm song Quark, Strangeness and Charm , title track of an album by Hawkwind Quark, a brand of flashlight See also Captain Qwark , a character in Ratchet & Clank video games Cark , a village in Cumbria, England Quirks & Quarks , a Canadian weekly science news program Quirk disambiguation disambig da Kvark de Quark es Quark desambiguaci n fr Quark homonymie it Quark ja pl Quark pt Quark desambigua o sl Quark razlo itev ... more details
Infobox Particle bgcolour name Bottom quark image caption num types composition Elementary particle statistics Fermionic group Quark generation Third interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction ... 1997 title Discoveries at Fermilab Discovery of the Bottom Quark url http www.fnal.gov pub inquiring physics discoveries bottom quark pr.html publisher Fermilab accessdate 2009 07 24 ref symbol SubatomicParticle Bottom quark mass val 4.19 0.18 0.06 ul GeV c2 Minimal subtraction scheme overline MS scheme ... 1S scheme ref name PDG2011 decay time decay particle Charm quark , up quark electric charge frac 1 ... physics RH frac 2 3 The bottom quark or b quark from its symbol, b , also known as the beauty quark , is a third generation quark with a charge of frac 1 3 elementary charge e . Although all quarks are described in a similar way by the quantum chromodynamics , the bottom quark s large Quark Mass bare mass around val 4200 ul MeV c2 , ref name PDG2011 a bit more than four times the mass ... called B tagging . Because three generations of quark are required for CP violation see CKM matrix , meson s containing the bottom quark are the easiest particles to use to investigate the phenomenon ... experiments. The bottom quark is also notable because it is a product in almost all top quark decays .... The bottom quark was theorized in 1973 by physicists Makoto Kobayashi physicist Makoto Kobayashi ... Harari . ref cite journal author H. Harari year 1975 title A new quark model for hadrons journal Physics ... ref ref cite book author K.W. Staley year 2004 title The Evidence for the Top Quark pages 31 33 ... wC ref The bottom quark was discovered in 1977 by the Fermilab E288 experiment team led by Leon M. Lederman ... Lederman year 2005 url http www.symmetrymagazine.org cms ?pid 1000195 title Logbook Bottom Quark journal Symmetry Magazine volume 2 issue 8 pages ref ref cite journal author S.W. Herb et al . year ..., there were efforts to name the bottom quark beauty , but bottom became the predominant usage ... more details
Infobox Company company name Quark Pharmaceuticals, Inc. logo Image Quark Pharmaceuticals Logo.gif company ... 70 2006 industry Health Care homepage http www.quarkpharma.com www.quarkpharma.com Quark Pharmaceuticals ... diseases. ref http www.google.com finance?cid 7192103 Google Finance Info for Quark Pharmaceuticals ... targeted genes from producing proteins associated with certain diseases. The REDD14NP, one of Quark ... renal failure and hearing loss ref http www.hoovers.com quark pharmaceuticals ID 118070 free co factsheet.xhtml Quark Pharmaceuticals Company Overview Hoover s Bot generated title ref . History Highlights In August 2007 http www.medicalnewstoday.com Medical News Today announced that Quark obtained ... showed that rats that were treated with the injection of Quark s siRNA AKIi 5, which inhibits the gene ... index in rats greater than 250. ref http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 78664.php Quark ... Renal Failure ARF Bot generated title ref Quark Pharmaceutical signed a collaboration agreement with the University ... . The collaboration includes studies on different SiRNA candidate drugs inhibiting Quark s proprietary ... news view 46747 LifeSciencesWorld Quark Pharmaceuticals Signs Collaboration ... News Quark Pharmaceuticals Inks a Deal to Advance Preclinical Pipeline of Hearing Loss Compounds. Genetic ... In 2006, Quark and Pfizer signed a collaboration agreement where Quark granted Pfizer the rights to develop and commercialize drug candidates that inhibit Quark s target gene RTP801 through RNAi. ref ... May 2007 Issue Bot generated title ref Since 2005, Quark also holds a collaboration with the Center ... is to analyze the effect of Quark s SiRNA drug candidate in preventing chemotherapy induced hearing loss. ref http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 80177.php Quark Pharmaceuticals Extends Research ... Bot generated title ref In 2005, Quark licenced the phase II of compound BT16 to Sanwa for the treatment of dyslipidemia . ref http www.quarkpharmaceuticals.com Modules Main ?TemplateID 5&PageID 92 Quark ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Infobox Company company name Quark Expeditions company logo Image QuarkExpeditionsLogo.png company type Subsidiary of TUI Travel location Waterbury, Vermont Waterbury , Vermont VT , United States homepage http www.quarkexpeditions.com www.quarkexpeditions.com Quark Expeditions was founded in 1991 by Lars Wikander and Mike McDowell, specializing in expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic aboard purpose built expedition vessels. In 1998, Lars Wikander became the majority owner of the company. Three years later Lars became Chairman of the Board, when Patrick Shaw joined the company as President and Chief Executive Officer. On May 1, 2007, Quark Expeditions became part of the UK based TUI Travel PLC Group of Companies. Polar Fleet Quark s Arctic fleet includes 2 polar class icebreakers the nuclear powered 50 Years of Victory and the diesel powered Kapitan Khlebnikov , purpose built to navigate the frozen waters of the Russian Arctic . Each icebreaker is equipped with helicopters and Zodiacs, enabling travel to remote locations that other vessels in the Arctic cannot, including the North Pole . Quark has the largest and most diverse fleet of passenger vessels in the Antarctic. Within that fleet is the only helicopter equipped, polar class icebreaker outfitted for expeditions in Antarctic waters, the Kapitan Khlebnikov. The fleet enables Quark to operate the widest variety of polar itineraries of any other adventure company in the world, and the greatest number of departures to Antarctica. Quark Firsts The company was the first to transit the Northeast Passage with commercial passengers the first to take travelers to the far side of Antarctica and the first to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent with guests, twice. Recognitions In October 2006 and 2007, Quark was named a recipient of National Geographic Society National Geographic Traveler s 50 ... 2006 edition, Outside Magazine named the Emperor Penguin Safari as one of the New Trips of a Lifetime ... more details
A quark star or strange star is a hypothetical type of exotic star composed of quark matter , or strange ... neutron s break down into their constituent quark s up quark s and down quark s. Some of these quarks may then become strange quarks and form strange matter. The star then becomes known as a quark star ... interaction strong force . Quark matter strange matter is one candidate for the theoretical dark matter ... star Recent theoretical research has found mechanisms by which quark stars with strange quark nugget ... Physical Review D bibcode 2006PhRvD..73k4016A ref contends that, A sharp interface between quark ... with complex strangelet crusts, analogous to those of neutron stars. Other theorized quark formations Jaffe 1977, suggested a four quark state with strangeness qs overline qs . Jaffe 1977 suggested the H dibaryon , a six quark state with equal numbers of up , down , and strange quarks represented as uuddss or udsuds . Bound multi quark systems with heavy quarks QQ overline qq . In 1987, a pentaquark state was first proposed with a charm anti quark qqqs overline c . Pentaquark state with an antistrange quark and four light quarks consisting of up and down quarks only qqqq overline s . Light ... of a neutron star being a quark star is low, so in the Milky Way Galaxy there will only be a small population of quark stars but, if it is correct that overdense neutron stars turn into quark stars, that makes the possible number of quark stars higher than was originally thought, as we would be looking for the wrong type of star . Quark stars and strange stars are entirely hypothetical As of 2011 .... Zavlin, V. E. title The puzzles of RX J1856.5 3754 neutron star or quark star? journal Nuclear Physics ... the late 2000s, the possibility that RX J1856 is a quark star has been excluded see RX J1856.5 ... the question of quark star or strange star existence will play out. It was reported in 2008 that observations of supernovae SN2006gy , SN2005gj and SN2005ap also suggest the existence of quark stars ... more details
Science Magazine month April year 2010 ref When found in meson s particles made of one quark ...Infobox Particle bgcolour name Down quark image caption num types composition Elementary particle statistics Fermionic group Quark generation First interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction ... Down quark mass 4.1 val 5.7 ul MeV c2 ref name PDG2011 cite web author K. Nakamura et ... 2011 08 08 ref decay time decay particle Up quark electric charge frac 1 3 Elementary charge e color ... 2 3 The down quark or d quark symbol d is the second lightest of all quark s, a type of elementary particle , and a major constituent of matter . Together with the up quark , it forms the neutron s one up quark, two down quarks and proton s two up quarks, one down quark of atomic nucleus atomic nuclei ... 1 3 elementary charge e and a Quark Mass bare mass of 4.1 val 5.7 ul MeV c2 . ref name PDG2011 Like all quark s, the down quark is an elementary particle elementary fermion with spin physics spin ... , weak interaction s, and strong interaction s. The antiparticle of the down quark is the down antiquark sometimes called antidown quark or simply antidown , which differs from it only in that some ... quark up and strange quark s was postulated in 1964 by Murray Gell Mann and George ... quark was first observed by experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in 1968. History ... II journal CERN Report No.8419 Th 8412 year 1964 ref independently of each other proposed the quark model , then consisting only of up quark up , down, and strange quark strange quarks. ref name Carithers cite journal author B. Carithers, P. Grannis title Discovery of the Top Quark url http ... the quark model explained the Eightfold Way, no direct evidence of the existence of quarks was found ... particles explained the data thus confirming the quark model . ref cite web author J. I. Friedman ... S. Kretzer et al. title CTEQ6 Parton Distributions with Heavy Quark Mass Effects journal Physical Review ... more details
news.sciencemag.org sciencenow 2010 04 mass of the common quark finally.html publisher Science Magazine ...Infobox Particle bgcolour name Up quark image caption num types composition Elementary particle statistics Fermion Fermionic group Quark generation First interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction ... up quark mass 1.7 val 3.1 ul MeV c2 ref name PDG2011 cite web author K. Nakamura et ... 3 The up quark or u quark symbol u is the lightest of all quark s, a type of elementary particle , and a major constituent of matter . It, along with the down quark , forms the neutron s one up quark, two down quarks and proton s two up quarks, one down quark of atomic nucleus atomic nuclei . It is part ... elementary charge e and a Quark Mass bare mass of 1.5 val 3.3 ul MeV c2 . Like all quark s, the up quark ... interaction s. The antiparticle of the up quark is the up antiquark sometimes called antiup quark or simply antiup , which differs from it only in that some of its properties have additive inverse equal magnitude but opposite sign . Its existence along with that of the down quark down and strange quark s was postulated in 1964 by Murray Gell Mann and George Zweig to explain the Eightfold Way physics Eightfold Way classification scheme of hadron s. The up quark was first observed by experiments ... II journal CERN Report No.8419 Th 8412 year 1964 ref independently of each other proposed the quark model , then consisting only of up, down quark down , and strange quark s. ref name Carithers cite journal author B. Carithers, P. Grannis title Discovery of the Top Quark url http www.slac.stanford.edu ... 25 issue 3 pages 4 16 publisher SLAC year 1995 accessdate 2008 09 23 ref However, while the quark model ... explained the data thus confirming the quark model . ref cite web author J. I. Friedman title The Road ... al. title CTEQ6 Parton Distributions with Heavy Quark Mass Effects journal Physical Review D volume ... Particles page 42 publisher John Wiley & Sons year 1987 isbn 0 471 60386 4 ref but over time the quark ... more details
cms ?pid 1000195 title Logbook Bottom Quark journal Symmetry Magazine volume 2 issue ...Infobox Particle bgcolour name Top quark image Image Top antitop quark event.svg 200px caption A collision ... Quark generation Third interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction Weak , Electromagnetic ... CDF and D0 experiment D collaborations 1995 symbol SubatomicParticle Top quark mass val ... e 25 u s decay particle nowrap bottom quark 99.8 br nowrap strange quark 0.17 br nowrap down quark 0.007 ... The top quark , also known as the t quark symbol t or truth quark , is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter . Like all quark s, the top quark is an elementary particle ... year 2003 chapter The Standard Model and the Top Quark editor H.B Prosper and B. Danilov ... PA1&lpg PA1&dq quark 22standard model 22 series NATO Science Series volume 123 pages 1 41 publisher ... observed . It has a Quark Mass mass of val 172.9 1.5 ul GeV c2 , ref name PDG2011 which ... element that is lighter than the top quark. The antiparticle of the top quark is the top antiquark symbol overline t , sometimes called antitop quark or simply antitop , which differs from it only in that some of its properties have additive inverse equal magnitude but opposite sign . The top quark ... exclusively decays to a W boson and a bottom quark , but it can also sometimes decay into a strange quark , and on the rarest of occasions, into a down quark . The Standard Model predicts its mean ... Top quark physics at hadron colliders journal European Physical Journal C volume 48 issue 3 pages 835 ... physicists a unique opportunity to study a bare quark. All other quarks Hadronization hadronize ... quark allow predictions to be made of the mass of the Higgs boson under certain Beyond the Standard ... theories. Its existence and that of the bottom quark was postulated in 1973 by Makoto Kobayashi ... journal author F. Abe et al . CDF Collaboration year 1995 title Observation of Top Quark Production ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 A constituent quark is a current quark with a covering. In the low energy limit of Quantum chromodynamics QCD , a description by means of perturbation theory is not possible. Here, no Asymptotic freedom exists, but the interactions between valence quark s and sea quark s gain strongly on significance. Part of the effects of virtual quark s and virtual gluon s in the sea can be assigned to a quark so well that the term constituent quark seems appropriate. According to the Feynman diagram s, constituent quarks seem to be dressed current quarks, i.e. current quarks surrounded by a cloud of virtual quarks and gluons. This cloud in the end explains the large constituent quark masses. Definition Constituent quarks are valence quarks for which the correlations for the description of hadrons by means of gluons and sea quarks are put into effective quark masses of these valence quarks. The effective quark mass is called constituent quark mass . Hadrons consist of glued constituent quarks. The use of positions for the light constituent quarks is not exactly unproblematic in the description of hadrons. Binding energy The quantum chromodynamic binding energy of a valence quark in a hadron is the amount of energy required to make the hadron spontaneously emit a meson containing the valence quark. This is the same as the constituent quark mass. class wikitable Constituent quark Mass x Up quark val 308 ul MeV c2 Citation needed date March 2011 val 0.7 ul fm Citation needed date March 2011 Down quark val 308 ul MeV c2 Citation needed date March 2011 val 0.7 ul fm Citation needed date March 2011 Strange quark val 483 ul MeV c2 Citation needed date March 2011 Charm quark Bottom quark Top quark Describing hadrons using non relativistic quantum mechanics becomes difficult. Category Quarks nuclear stub ar de Konstituentenquarkmasse ... more details
Current quarks also called naked quarks or bare quarks are defined as the constituent quark cores constituent quarks with no covering of a valence quark . ref Smith, Timothy Paul Hidden Worlds Hunting for Quarks in Ordinary Matter 2003 ref If, in one constituent quark, the current quark is hit inside the covering with large force, it accelerates through the covering and leaves it behind. In addition, current quarks possess one asymptotic freedom within the perturbation theory described limits. In quantum chromodynamics , the mass of the current quarks carries the designation current quark mass . The local term plays no more role for the description of the hadrons with the light current quarks class wikitable Current quark Mass x Up quark 5 val 10 ul MeV c2 20 val 40 ul fm Down quark 5 val 10 ul MeV c2 20 val 40 ul fm Strange quark Charm quark Bottom quark Top quark A description is only possible with the help of relativistic quantum mechanics . References references DEFAULTSORT Current Quark Category Quarks physics stub ar de Stromquarks ... more details
Image PGQuark.jpg thumb 250px The Quark at the 2005 Amsterdam motor show Peugeot Quark is a concept car from Peugeot , rather like a four wheeled motorcycle All terrain vehicle quad bike . The Quark was first displayed at the 2004 Paris Motor Show . It utilises hydrogen fuel cell s and has an electric motor on each of the four wheel s. All four motors combined give the Quark 30 kW or 40 horsepower hp . It can drive approximately convert 130 km mi before it requires refueling. The Quark is convert 2.38 m in long and convert 1.50 m in wide. The empty weight is convert 450 kg lb 0 abbr on and its top speed is convert 110 km h mph 0 abbr on . It can accelerate to convert 50 km h mph 0 abbr on in 6.5 seconds, and can carry two people with an additional load of convert 140 kg lb 0 abbr on . The Quark in its current form will not go into production. It can now be seen in Paris at the Cit des Sciences et de l Industrie on the second floor of its exhibition site. External links http www.auto123.com en info news prototype,view,Peugeot.spy?artid 28552&pg 1 Auto124 article on the Quark peugeot Category Peugeot vehicles Quark Category Concept automobiles Category Hydrogen cars de Peugeot Quark fr Peugeot Quark ... more details
A quark nova is a hypothetical type of supernova that could occur if a neutron star spontaneously collapsed to become a quark star . The concept of quark novae was suggested by Dr. Rachid Ouyed ref cite web url http www.capca.ucalgary.ca title Rachid Ouyed s webpage accessdate 29 June 2008 ref University of Calgary, Canada and Drs. Dey and Dey Calcutta University, India . The quark nova hypothesis has been mentioned in various publications. ref cite web url http www.capca.ucalgary.ca rouyed news.html title International News on the Quark Nova accessdate 30 July 2008 ref When a neutron star spins down, it could convert to a quark star through a process known as Color confinement quark deconfinement . The resultant star would have quark matter in its interior. The process would release immense amounts of energy, perhaps explaining the most energetic explosions in the universe rough calculations ... title Theories of Quark novae accessdate 29 June 2008 ref Quark novae may be one cause of gamma ... ejecta from Quark Novae author1 Prashanth Jaikumar author2 Meyer author3 Kaori Otsuki author4 Rachid ... quark novae may occur in the observable universe each day. Theoretically, quark stars would be radio quiet, so radio quiet neutron stars may be quark stars. Direct evidence for quark novae is scant however ... Supernovae Point to Quark Stars ref ref cite journal bibcode 2008MNRAS.387.1193L author1 Leahy, Denis ... Quark Nova? ref References Reflist External links http www.spacedaily.com reports Quark Stars Could Produce Biggest Bang.html Quark Stars Could Produce Biggest Bang SpaceDaily Jun 7, 2006 http www.capca.ucalgary.ca bniebergal webPHP research.php?subdir strangeQuarkStars Meissner Effect in Quark Stars University of Calgary See also Quark matter Quark degenerate matter Hypernova supernovae DEFAULTSORT Quark Nova Category Quark stars Category Supernovae Category Hypothetical astronomical objects phys stub astronomy stub var star stub ko nl Quarknova ja pl Nowa kwarkowa pt Nova quark ... more details
Superherobox Wikipedia WikiProject Comics image Image LEGION90 22 LadyQuark.png caption Lady Quark , from the cover of br L.E.G.I.O.N. L.E.G.I.O.N. 90 18 Dec. 1990 character name Lady Quark publisher DC Comics debut Crisis on Infinite Earths 4 July 1985 creators Marv Wolfman br George P rez real name Tashana species optional homeworld Earth 6 alliances L.E.G.I.O.N. aliases supports powers absorption of nuclear energies Lady Quark is a fictional character , a superhero ine in the DC Universe . In the DC Comics 12 issue limited series Crisis on Infinite Earths 1985 1986 , the character is one of the rulers ... character biography Crisis Lady Quark s husband Karak Lord Volt and daughter Liana Princess Fern ... comics Pariah , a dimensional traveler. Lady Quark helps most of the Multiverse DC Comics multiverse ... is over, Lady Quark resettles on Earth with Pariah and Harbinger DC Comics Harbinger . Missing her husband, Lady Quark approaches Starman comics Will Payton Will Payton with the idea of having ... Lady Quark is eventually recruited by Vril Dox to be become a member of the peace keeping force L.E.G.I.O.N. in L.E.G.I.O.N. 90 18. Lady Quark is apparently killed in L.E.G.I.O.N. 94 62 after a parasitic ..., but later dies in L.E.G.I.O.N. 94 70. Lady Quark s corpse is seen floating in space, heavily maimed. Return Eleven years later, Lady Quark returns alive and well without explanation in Villains United .... Lady Quark is later freed and joins Earth s heroes in defeating Luthor in Infinite Crisis 2005 2006 . Lady Quark appears again in several splash pages of Tales of The Sinestro Corps Superman ... Lady Quark is a metahuman with the ability to absorb and emit nuclear energies. She can direct these energies ... from seeming death. Other versions An older version of Lady Quark becomes one half of the tyrannical ...?name ladyquark Lady Quark profile The Unofficial Guide to the DC Universe References references Category ... es Lady Quark fr Lady Quark pt Lady Quark ... more details
Infobox company name Quark, Inc. logo File QuarkInc.png caption type Private company foundation Nowrap ... Equity num employees homepage URL www.quark.com footnotes Quark, Inc. founded 1981 in Denver, Colorado is a privately owned software company best known for QuarkXPress . It is called Quark because the company ... title About Quark Company History publisher Quark date accessdate 2012 03 15 ref As of August 2011, Quark s offerings include QuarkXPress desktop publishing layout editor Quark Publishing System QPS an editorial system workflow system Quark CopyDesk a professional text editor http www.quark.com ... http www.quark.com Products Quark XML Author Quark XML Author a plug in for Microsoft Word , adding ... Apps and design content for them using QuarkXPress http www.quark.com Products Quark Web to Print System Quark Web to Print System an online tool to allow layout manipulation using a web browser http ... XTensions for QuarkXPress and Plug ins for InDesign Company history Quark was founded with 2000 ... from their hard drive. They also attempted a product line called Quark Peripherals , but the market for storage devices at the time resulted in a huge financial loss. In 1986 Quark released QuarkXPress ... of QuarkXPress 3.0 in 1990, Quark quickly achieved a dominant position in the desktop publishing market ... share of around 90 worldwide. In the late 1990s, Quark faced intense criticism for slow innovation ... the first significant competition for that market, which forced Quark to lower prices and invest more into service and marketing. In 2001, Quark followed a US trend of moving their development ...&hl de&ct clnk ref dead link date March 2012 By 2007 Quark had tired of its Look East approach and started ... used till 2005 Beginning of 2005, coinciding with the retirement of Fred Ebrahimi, Quark announced that it would ... Quark announced a new logo, designed by SicolaMartin , a division of Y&R Brands. The logo s purpose was to be the last step of Quark s new image into a more friendly and inviting company. Soon after ... more details
Infobox Particle bgcolour name Charm quark image caption num types composition Elementary particle statistics Fermionic group Quark generation Second interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction ... et al. Brookhaven National Laboratory BNL br 1974 symbol SubatomicParticle Charm quark mass val 1.29 ... particle Strange quark 95 , Down quark 5 ref name hyperphysics cite web quote The c quark has about 5 probability of decaying into a d quark instead of an s quark. author Carl Rod Nave url http hyperphysics.phy astr.gsu.edu hbase particles qrkdec.html title Transformation of Quark Flavors by the Weak .... year 2010 title Review of Particles Physics The CKM Quark Mixing Matrix url http pdg.lbl.gov 2010 ... LH frac 1 3 , Chirality physics RH frac 4 3 The charm quark or c quark from its symbol, c is the third most massive of all quark s, a type of elementary particle . Charm quarks are found in hadron ... charmed Sigma , and other charmed particles. It, along with the strange quark is part ... elementary charge e and a Quark Mass bare mass of val 1.29 0.05 0.11 ul GeV c2 . ref name PDG2011 Like all quark s, the charm quark is an elementary particle elementary fermion with spin physics spin ... , weak interaction s, and strong interaction s. The antiparticle of the charm quark is the charm antiquark sometimes called anticharm quark or simply anticharm , which differs from it only in that some ... quark had been speculated by a number of authors around 1964 for instance by James Bjorken ... quark to be discovered was the J &psi meson . It was discovered by a team at the Stanford Linear .....33.1404A issue 23 ref The 1974 discovery of the SubatomicParticle J Psi and thus the charm quark ... of the hadron s containing charm quarks include D meson s contain a charm quark or its antiparticle and an up quark up or down quark . SubatomicParticle Strange D mesons contain a charm quark and a strange quark . There are many charmonium states, for example the SubatomicParticle J Psi particle. These consist ... more details
Infobox television episode Title The House of Quark Image Image STDS9Ep303.jpg 270px Caption A surprised Quark with his new wife Grilka. Series Star Trek Deep Space Nine Season 3 Episode 3 Production 449 ... of Quark is the 49th episode of the television series Star Trek Deep Space Nine , the third episode .... Plot Quark Star Trek Quark s bar is receiving very little business and indeed the only customer in the bar .... Quark refuses and the Klingon gets so angry he pulls his knife on Quark. As Quark backs away from the Klingon, Kozak stumbles and falls on his own knife killing himself. Quark sees this as a business opportunity and tells everyone that he killed Kozak in self defense. Quark gets a great deal ... asks how Kozak died Quark attempts to explain that it was an accident, but D Ghor clearly wants to hear otherwise. So Quark lies to D Ghor, claiming Kozak died in battle. After Kozak s widow, Grilka, arrives, she has Quark knocked out and taken back to Qo noS , the Klingon homeworld. Since women are normally forbidden from leading a Klingon house, Quark is forced to marry Grilka, allowing her to protect ... if Quark really had killed Kozak in honorable combat, Grilka would have lost all claims to her House . Quark has to confront Grilka s enemies, leading the temporary House of Quark . Instead of fighting D Ghor who is not Kozak s brother after all , Quark checks the house s books, which prove that D Ghor ... leads to D Ghor claiming Quark s accusations as dishonoring him, and leading Gowron to call for a duel of honor. When the time comes for battle, Quark tosses aside his weapon and mocks D Ghor s efforts ... Ferengi. When D Ghor happily agrees and tries to kill Quark, he reveals his greed and dishonor ... Grilka become head of her House. Grilka is grateful to Quark for his efforts, and he asks for a divorce ... wikiquote Star Trek Deep Space Nine The House of Quark .5B3.3.5D The House of Quark IMDb title id ... Trek DS9 S3 Star Trek DS9 Star Trek DEFAULTSORT House Of Quark, The Category Star Trek Deep Space Nine ... more details
Physical cosmology In physical cosmology the quark epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the fundamental interaction s of gravitation , electromagnetism , the strong interaction and the weak interaction had taken their present forms, but the temperature of the universe was still too high to allow quark s to bind together to form hadron s. The quark epoch began approximately 10 sup 12 sup seconds after the Big Bang , when the preceding electroweak epoch ended as the electroweak interaction separated into the weak interaction and electromagnetism. During the quark epoch the universe was filled with a dense, hot quark gluon plasma , containing quarks, leptons and their antiparticles. Collisions between particles were too energetic to allow quarks to combine into meson s or baryon s. The quark epoch ended when the universe was about 10 sup 6 sup seconds old, when the average energy of particle interactions had fallen below the binding energy of hadrons. The following period, when quarks became confined within hadrons, is known as the hadron epoch . References cite book last Allday first Jonathan title Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang publisher Second Edition year 2002 isbn 978 0750308069 http ic030059.ithaca.edu britt ph175 Stars29.pdf Physics 175 Stars and Galazies The Big Bang, Matter and Energy Ithaca College , New York Big Bang timeline Category Big Bang Category Physical cosmology ar ca poca dels quarks ko pt Era Quark fi Kvarkkiepookki vi K nguy n quark zh ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 orphan March 2012 notability April 2011 Atahotel Quark or Quark Hotel is a hotel in Porta Romana district in Milan . ref http www.expedia.co.uk Milan Hotels Atahotel Quark.h24550.Hotel Information?rm1 a1&hwrqCacheKey b9fb03c2 7738 4933 9711 2d2be383638cHWRQ&hashTag default&rfrr 30461&c 13d46875 c42f 49ad 8538 5cd0ef0c8dfa&& Expedia ref References references coord missing Italy Category Hotels in Italy ... more details
Other uses Quark disambiguation Image Twarog.jpg thumb 280px Polish twar g in the traditional wedge shape Image Speisequark Workshop Cologne 06 .jpeg thumb 280px German quark in its usual creamy form Quark ... traditional quark is not. It is soft, white and unaged, similar to some types of fromage frais . It is distinct from ricotta because ricotta Italian recooked is made from scalded whey . Quark usually has no salt added. In Germany, quark is sold in small plastic tubs and usually comes in three different varieties, Magerquark lean quark, 10 fat , regular quark 20 fat and Sahnequark creamy quark ... spread, the latter also forms the basis of a large number of quark desserts. Much like yoghurts ... quark , and are often also simply referred to as quark. As the large popularity of quark desserts ... talking about quark with people unfamiliar with cuisine from this area. Name The name comes from the Late Middle High German Quark , which in turn is derived through twarc , quarc , zwarg from the Lower ... . Quark is possibly described by Tacitus in his book Germania book Germania as lac concretum thick ... Germanorum Germania , par. 23 ref In the US quark is called simply farmer s cheese in the midwest. Production Image Twarog packaged.JPG thumb right Packaged Polish twar g quark cheese Quark is a member ... In Molkereien produzierter Quark wird meist mit Lab hergestellt. Quark produced in dairies is usually ... title Quark manufacturing innovations and their effect on quality, nutritive value and consumer acceptance ... last Shah first N. coauthors P. Jelen title Lactose absorption by postweaning rats from Yoghurt, Quark, and Quark whey journal Journal of Dairy Science year 1991 volume 74 pages 1512 1520 url http jds.fass.org ... in a thick, creamy texture. Quark is usually sold in plastic tubs with most or all of the whey. This type of quark has the firmness of sour cream but is slightly drier, resulting in a somewhat crumbly texture like Italian ricotta , and contains in its basic form about 0.2 fat. Quark with higher fat ... more details
Infobox Particle bgcolour name Strange quark image caption num types composition Elementary particle statistics Fermionic group Quark generation Second interaction Strong interaction Strong , Weak interaction ... SubatomicParticle Strange quark mass val 100 30 20 ul MeV c2 ref name PDG2011 cite web author K ... accessdate 2011 08 08 ref decay time decay particle Up quark electric charge frac 1 3 Elementary charge ... RH frac 2 3 The strange quark or s quark from its symbol, s is the third lightest of all quark s, a type ... s. The strange quark was sometimes called the sideways quark in the past. ref cite book author ...&pg PA134&dq sideway quark v onepage&q &f false page 134 edition 2nd publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 0 521 31392 9 ref It, along with the charm quark is part of the generation physics second generation of matter, and has an electric charge of frac 1 3 elementary charge e and a Quark Mass bare mass of val 100 30 20 ul MeV c2 . ref name PDG2011 Like all quark s, the strange quark is an elementary ... s. The antiparticle of the strange quark is the strange antiquark sometimes called antistrange quark or simply antistrange , which differs from it only in that some of its properties have additive ... a strange quark was discovered in 1947 kaon s , but the existence of the strange quark itself and that of the up quark up and down quark s was only postulated in 1964 by Murray Gell Mann and George Zweig ... No.8419 Th 8412 year 1964 ref independently of each other proposed the quark model , then consisting ... title Discovery of the Top Quark url http www.slac.stanford.edu pubs beamline 25 3 25 3 carithers.pdf ... quark carried strangeness. While the quark model explained the Eightfold Way, no direct evidence ... made of three more fundamental particles explained the data thus confirming the quark model ... ref ref cite journal author S. Kretzer et al. title CTEQ6 Parton Distributions with Heavy Quark ... 1987 isbn 0 471 60386 4 ref but over time the quark theory became accepted see November Revolution ... more details
Use dmy dates date February 2012 Infobox recurring event name Quark logo File Logo 2012 copy.jpg 200px caption Innovation Personified http en.wikipedia.org w index.php?title Quark techfest &action edit ... quark.org Quark is the annual technical festival Science festival techfest of Birla Institute of Technology ... of its kind in India , Quark, usually organized in early February, witnesses strong participation, generally running into thousands. Quark 2012 is scheduled to be held during 3 5 February 2012. From its modest beginnings in 2006, Quark morphed into a national level festival in its 2008 version, and since then, has consistently seen participation from all leading colleges across India. Quark ... sciences. History In its first version 2006 , Quark was an inter campus competition, turning into an Inter Goa festival the next year 2007 . Quark 2008 went national for the first time, featuring participation ... notes from goa quark.htm title QUARK 2008 author BITSAA work publisher http bitsaa.org accessdate ref File APJ Abdul Kalam Speech.JPG thumb right 200px Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam s inaugural speech Quark 2009 ... accessdate ref Quark 2010 surpassed its predecessor in terms of popularity as it attracted ... from Mozilla Foundation were prominent features of Quark 2010. TEDxBITSGoa made its debut in this rendition ... Empowerment among others. Events Quark events are divided into multiple categories broadly based ... left 250px Bob the builder underway, Quark 2010 Elixir covers the pure sciences with events such as Dexter ... events, Quark also hosts a number of events in the Specials category such as the popular gaming tournament ..., Workshops and Guest Lectures Several workshops were conducted during the course of Quark 2010 ... and Industrial Research CSIR and ISRO . Quark, in its recent editions, has also presented Guest ... refers to the special performances during the nights of Quark. Recent performers include the London ... and drama clubs also perform at these nights. Quark 2011 Quark 2011 was the 6th iteration of the festival ... more details
. In physics , the quark model is a classification scheme for hadron s in terms of their valence quark s the quarks and antiquarks which give rise to the quantum number s of the hadrons. The quark model was originally just a very good classification scheme to organize the depressingly ... charm , and so on. The quark model is the follow up to the Eightfold way physics Eightfold Way classification scheme. All quarks are assigned a baryon number of frac 1 3 . Up quark Up , charm quark charm and top quark s have an electric charge of frac 2 3 , while the down quark down , strange quark strange , and bottom quark s have an electric charge of frac 1 3 . Antiquarks have the opposite quantum ... of a valence quark antiquark pair thus have a baryon number of 0 , while baryon s are made of three quarks thus have a baryon number of 1 . This article discusses the quark model for the up, down, and strange flavours of quark which form an approximate SU 3 SU 3 symmetry . There are generalizations ... eventually found untenable. The Gell Mann Nishijima formula quark model in its modern form was developed ... at Brookhaven National Laboratory , Gell Mann received a Nobel prize for his work on the quark ... of the symmetry breaking induced by the quark mass differences, and considerations of mixing ... Eta and the SubatomicParticle Eta prime is larger than the quark model can accommodate. This QCD ... s. Mesons are hadrons with zero baryon number . If the quark antiquark pair are in an orbital angular ... , where the 1 in the exponent arises from the intrinsic parity of the quark antiquark pair. C 1 sup ... physics page 139 publisher John Wiley & Sons id ISBN 0 471 29292 3 ref States outside the quark model While the quark model is derivable from the theory of quantum chromodynamics , the structure ... of any hadron must include virtual quark pairs as well as virtual gluons. Also, there may be hadrons which lie outside the quark model. Among these are the glueball s which contain only valence gluon ... more details
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