NPOV language date October 2009 No footnotes date November 2009 Economics sidebar Rational expectations ... expected value s. An alternative formulation is that rational expectations are model consistent ... Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. ref The rational expectations assumption is used in many contemporary macroeconomic model s, game theory and other applications of rational choice theory . Since most ... rational expectations is to assume that Agent economics agents expectations may be individually ... of a share of stock is dependent on the expected future income from that stock. Theory Rational expectations .... As a result, rational expectations do not differ systematically or predictably from equilibrium ... and demand . The theory of rational expectations says that the actual price will only deviate from ... were formed. In other words ex ante the actual price is equal to its rational expectation math P P epsilon math math E P P math where math P math is the rational expectation and math epsilon ... math . Rational expectations theories were developed in response to perceived flaws in theories based ... to always underestimate inflation. This may be regarded as unrealistic surely rational individuals ...? The hypothesis of rational expectations addresses this criticism by assuming that individuals take ..., they will not deviate systematically from the expected values. The rational expectations hypothesis ... outcome. During the 1970s rational expectations appeared to have made previous macroeconomic theory largely obsolete, which culminated with the Lucas critique . However, rational expectations theory ... of New Keynesians such as Stanley Fischer . Rational expectations theory is the basis for the efficient ... than one possible equilibrium at any time then the more interesting implications of the theory of rational ... attained, reversing the line of causation posited by rational expectations theorists. A further problem relates to the application of the rational expectations hypothesis to aggregate behavior. It is well ... more details
In mathematics , a rational variety is an algebraic variety , over a given field mathematics field K ... the field of all rational function s for some set math U 1, dots, U d math of indeterminate s, where ... sub k sub in math K X 1, dots , X n math . If V is rational, then there are d 1 polynomials ... g 0 0. math In order words, we have a rational parameterization math x i frac g i g 0 u1, ldots,u d math of the variety. Conversely, such a rational parameterization induces a field homomorphism of the field ... below implies that unirational curves are rational. Thus implies that, if a rational parameterization ... also that, in characteristic zero, every unirational surface is rational. Rationality questions A rationality question asks whether a given field extension is rational , in the sense of being up to isomorphism the function field of a rational variety such field extensions are also described as purely ... L math isomorphic to a rational function field over math K math in the number of indeterminates ... in the nineteenth century. L roth s problem concerns subextensions L of K X , the rational functions in the single indeterminate X . Any such field is either equal to K or is also rational, i.e. L K F for some rational function F . In geometrical terms this states that a non constant rational map from ... is one covered by a rational variety, so that on the function field level it has a function field ... s problem shows that for algebraic curves, rational and unirational are the same, and Castelnuovo s theorem implies that for complex surfaces unirational implies rational, because both are characterized ... Zariski surface s in characteristic p 0 that are unirational but not rational. harvtxt Clemens Griffiths 1972 showed that a cubic three fold is in general not a rational variety, providing ... 3 folds with non trivial torsion in their third cohomology group, which implies that they are not rational ... with the case of cubic surface s which are rational varieties over an algebraic closure . Other ... more details
Rational addiction is the hypothesis that addictions to heroin, tobacco, television, etc. can be usefully modeled as specific kinds of rational, forward looking, optimal consumption plans. The canonical ..., G. and K. Murphy 1988 A theory of rational addiction . Journal of Political Economy , 96, 675 700 ..., religion, or food the article tried to reconcile addictions with the standard rational choice framework ... or co authored peer reviewed articles on rational addiction theory indicates that the researchers see ... a sequence of rational, welfare maximizing choices ref name Melberg 00 Melberg, H. O. and O. J. Rogeberg 2010 Rational Addiction Theory A Survey of Opinions . Journal of Drug Policy Analysis , Vol ... his future health. Rational choice amounts to comparing the benefit of smoking that cigarette to the total ... to tobacco have gone up. A sizeable econometric literature has developed on rational addiction, often reporting evidence in favor of rational addiction. For example, Gruber and Koszegi 2001 ref name gruber 00 Gruber, J. and B. Koszegi 2001 Is addiction rational? Theory and evidence . Quarterly Journal ... of Health Economics , 23, 1117 33. ref show, however, that the empirical version of the rational ... orphanides 00 Athanasios Orphanides Orphanides, Athanasios and Zervos, David 1995 Rational Addiction with Learning and Regret . Journal of Political Economy , 103 4 , 739 758. ref you make a rational ..., Enelberg J. and Feichtinger, Gustav 1993 Cyclical Consumption Patterns and Rational Addiction ... discounting ref name gruber 00 Gruber, J. and B. Koszegi 2001 Is addiction rational? Theory and evidence ... for and against drug prohibition drug liberal implications for policy. The fully rationalrational ... t impose externalities on others e.g., second hand smoke . Criticism Criticism of rational addiction ... and the Case of Rational Addiction Theories . Philosophy of Science , 71, 263 285. ref , and argues ... Category Rational choice theory ... more details
Infobox company company name Rational AG company logo Image Rational AG Logo.svg 240px company type Aktiengesellschaft traded as FWB RAA foundation start date 1973 location Landsberg am Lech , Germany key people G nter Blaschke small chief executive officer CEO and chairman of the executive board small , Siegfried Meister small founder and chairman of the supervisory board small industry Manufacturing products Catering food steamer s and multi purpose oven s revenue 350.1 million small 2010 small ref name AR2010 cite web url http www.rational online.com fileadmin mediapool pdf Gesch C3 A4ftsberichte RAA GB2010 EN.pdf title Annual Report 2010 accessdate 3 April 2011 publisher Rational ref operating income 105.8 million small 2010 small ref name AR2010 net income 79.8 million small 2010 small ref name AR2010 assets 305.7 million small end 2010 small ref name AR2010 equity 230.3 million small end 2010 small ref name AR2010 num employees 1,090 small end 2010 small ref name AR2010 homepage http www.rational online.com GB en www.rational online.com intl yes Rational AG is a Germany German manufacturer of industrial food steamer s and oven s for catering purposes. The firm is headquartered in Landsberg am Lech, Germany. ref cite web url http investing.businessweek.com research stocks snapshot snapshot.asp?ric RAAG.DE title Snapshot of Rational AG RAAG accessdate 2009 03 29 ref Since 4 March 2009 it is a constituent of the MDAX index. History In 1973, the Rational GmbH was founded by Mr. Siegfried Meister. Three years later, the company started manufacturing combi steamer s for commercial kitchens. In the year 2000, the company went public and therefore is now named Rational Joint stock company AG . Besides the combi steamer , the company also sells the SelfCooking Center since 2004 and the VarioCooking Center since 2005, sold through FRIMA brand . Starting in 1991, the following ... brands Category British Royal Warrant holders Germany company stub de Rational AG ... more details
Rational Synergy is a software tool that provides software configuration management SCM capabilities for all artifacts related to software development including source code , documents and images as well as the final built software executables and libraries. Rational Synergy also provides the repository for the http www 01.ibm.com software awdtools change Rational change management tool known as Rational Change. Together these two tools form an integrated configuration management and change management environment that is used in software development organizations that need controlled SCM processes and an understanding of what is in a build of their software. The name Synergy refers to its database level integration with Change Management that provides views into what is in a build in terms of defects History Synergy began life in 1988 as a research project for computer aided software engineering by software developer Pete Orelup at Computers West of Irvine, California Irvine , California . Computers West was supporting itself through contract software development and an application for finance and insurance at automobile dealerships on the Pick OS, and probably had fewer than 10 employees. In 1989, the company decided to pursue development of a software configuration management and version control product, renamed itself CaseWare, and hired three more developers, Alan Wright, Kris Meissner, and Greg Holmberg. The system was re imagined as a platform for building SCM systems running on Unix Sun Solaris . It was decided that a compiled language such as C was not sufficiently flexible ... purchased Telelogic. ref cite web url http www 01.ibm.com software rational welcome telelogic ... was added to the IBM Rational family of SCM tools and named Rational Synergy. Notes reflist 2 External links http www.ibm.com support docview.wss?uid swg27016565 Rational Synergy Information Centers Category Configuration management de Rational Synergy fr Rational Synergy ... more details
Essay like date December 2007 Rational reconstruction is a philosophy philosophical term with several distinct meanings. It is found in the work of J rgen Habermas and Imre Lakatos . Habermas For Jurgen Habermas Habermas , rational reconstruction is a philosophy philosophical and linguistics linguistic ... properly. The type of formal analysis called rational reconstruction is used by J rgen ... traditionally posed. That is, rational reconstruction involves making explicit and theoretically ... of phenomena. Put more specifically, it can be said that rational reconstruction is a manner of explicating ... and truth . Habermas, 1992 Rational reconstruction is limited to the analysis of symbolically ... about the general structures of an observable reality, rational reconstructions sometimes called the reconstructive ... the process of rational reconstruction, but an extremely broad range of questions can be. It is hard .... Rational reconstruction attempts to make clear the underlying processes that generate particular meanings ... of rational reconstruction. ref name Habermas, 1998a Habermas suggests along these lines ... to do so 1998a . This should be understood in the context of rational reconstruction as two levels ... clarify what it is that rational reconstructions seek to accomplish. It should also be said ... the particular competencies of individual groups Habermas, 1998a . The theoretical claims of such rational ... of meaning aims at the reconstruction of species competencies Habermas, 1998a . These kinds of rational ..., to be the truth. Habermas sees rational reconstruction as a similar, but less grandiose ... for use in empirical settings . Rational reconstructions are fallibilistic in orientation, they reject ... fragments Habermas, 1990a . Furthermore . In rational reconstruction the distinction between drawing ... of the logic of science. External history, on the other hand, focuses on the contingent non rational ... and Its Rational Reconstructions. PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy ... more details
McHugh, a partnership which anchored The Rational Academy in the diverse musical worlds ... of Fighting and Holly Throsby. ref cite web title The Rational Academy Gigography, Tour History url http www.songkick.com artists 1103850 rational academy gigography work Songkick accessdate 26 November ... Warhol Up Late exhibition program. The Rational Academy also create music under the moniker White Bears of Norway the name being taken from an early Rational Academy song. In 2007 Australian ... often before. One listen to THE RATIONAL ACADEMY and smugly you can know this time Richard Kingsmill ... web title Tokafi url http www.tokafi.com newsitems cd feature rational academy heart against your own ... links http audiversity.com 2008 03 rational academy heart against your own.html Chicago Album Review http before hollywood.blogspot.com 2008 04 review rational academy heart against.html Australian ... Official Website http www.myspace.com therationalacademy The Rational Academy on Myspace Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Rational Academy, The ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Rational Academy, The Category ... more details
Rational love is love based upon intellect , reason or spirituality rather than natural love which is based upon instinct , Intuition knowledge intuition or Romance love romance . ref citation title French moralists the theory of the passions, 1585 to 1649 page 304 author Anthony Levi year 1964 ref References reflist anthropology stub Category Philosophy of love ... more details
In economics and finance , rational herding refers to situations in which market participants react to information about the behavior of other market agents or participants rather than the behavior of the market, and the fundamental transactions. ref name IMF International economic policy review, Volume 2 by International Monetary Fund 2001 ISBN 158906030X page 100 http books.google.com books?id PX7eXUPyR30C&pg PA100&dq 22Rational herding 22&hl en&ei URMwTqqcF42WswbRnc38Dw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 9&ved 0CFMQ6AEwCDgK v onepage&q 22Rational 20herding 22&f false ref ref Andrea Devenow and Ivo Welch Rational herding in financial economics in European Economic Review Volume 40, Issues 3 5, April 1996, Pages 603 615 http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii 0014292195000739 ref Rational herding in financial markets can take place because some investors believe others to be better informed than themselves, and follow them, disregarding their own information or market fundamentals. ref name Bruce Handbook of Behavioral Finance edited by Brian Bruce 2010 ISBN 1848446519 page 103 http books.google.com books?id 6lndhqmI6PEC&pg PA103&dq 22Rational herding 22&hl en&ei wP0vTt JKoKg wbN6dSJBA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CDoQ6AEwAw v onepage&q 22Rational 20herding 22&f false ref Reliance on rational herding can be a source of instability in financial market s. ref name IMF References Reflist economy stub psychology stub Category Finance Category Economics ... more details
Rational depression is reason guided psychological depression . It can arise from adverse life circumstances. Such depression may not be responsive to traditional depression therapies. ref citation title Calling It Quits When Patients or Proxies Request to Withdraw or Withhold Life Sustaining Treatment After Spinal Cord Injury author KL Kirschner publisher Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation year 2007 url http thomasland.metapress.com index M4XW957794653825.pdf issn 1082 0744 doi 10.1310 sci1303 30 journal Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation volume 13 issue 3 pages 30 44 ref Traditionally, cognitive therapist s have asserted that there is no such thing as a rational depression since, while sadness can be a natural response to loss or disappointment, depression results from distorted thoughts. ref Citation title When bad things happen to rational people Cognitive therapy in adverse life circumstances author S Moorey publisher Frontiers of cognitive therapy year 1996 ref Christian leaders such as John Cassian , Isidore of Seville , Bede recognized the distinction between irrational depression which emerged frequently without any antecedent stressor and was therefore seemingly from God and rational depression. ref citation title Blue is the new black author Gordon Parker publisher World Journal of Biological Psychiatry year 2009 volume 10 issue 3 pages 177 179 doi 10.1080 15622970903083194 journal World Journal of Biological Psychiatry pmid 19629857 ref Research indicates that although disability is associated with particular socially mediated stressors, there is no theoretical or empirical evidence to indicate that depression and its role in the right to die is dynamically different, more natural, or more reasonable for disabled people than for non disabled ... J. journal Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics pages 171 198 pmid 15529805 ref Rational depression sometimes leads to rational suicide . ref Citation author RS Magnusson publisher Aging decisions at the end ... more details
Missing information the origin and early uses of the term rational mysticism , the different meanings given to the term rational mysticism by different writers, and the application of the term rational mysticism to the views of certain philosophers date December 2007 Rational mysticism , which encompasses ... within such fields as neurophysiology and psychology . The term rational mysticism was in use ... Review . ref name Clark In a 1924 book, Rational Mysticism, Theosophy theosophist William Kingsland correlated rational mysticism with scientific idealism . ref name KingslandBook ref name KingslandTheosophy ... and Baruch Spinoza as rationalists with overtones of rational mysticism in his 1970 book Hellenistic ... of Wisdom, defined rational mysticism as not a contradiction in terms but a mysticism whose limits ... Sam Harris author Sam Harris used the term rational mysticism for the title of his rebuttal. ref ... stitched together a rational mysticism, drawing on but distinct from the views that came before ... Smith , Ken Wilber and others for Rational Mysticism Dispatches from the Border Between Science and Spirituality ...?sici 0017 8160 191107 4 3A3 3C311 3ARMANTC 3E2.0.CO 3B2 Q title Rational Mysticism and New Testament .... 311 329 JSTOR ref ref name KingslandBook William Kingsland. Rational Mysticism A Development of Scientific ... lineage of Western culture what we might call a rational mysticism Findlay 1970 Ascent to the Absolute ... of rational mysticism. Journal article adapted from a chapter in Hellenistic Ways of Deliverance ... long ago made an eloquent plea for the rational mystic A rational mysticism is not a contradiction in terms ... www.secularhumanism.org index.php?section library&page harris 25 6 title Rational Mysticism author ... books?&q 22We can use the term rational mysticism in an even larger scope 22 format Google Book Search ... sermons 2003 2004 20031012 On Being A Rational Mystic.pdf title On Being a Rational Mystic ... To be a rational mystic is always to be something of a Heresy heretic Category Neoplatonism Category ... more details
on one parameter, mostly identified as time. Rational motions are defined by rational function s ratio of two polynomial function s of time. They produce rational trajectories , and therefore they integrate well with the existing NURBS Non Uniform Rational B Spline based industry standard CAD CAM systems ... of curves and surfaces , methods have been developed for computer aided design of rational motions ... of computer aided motion design. In recent years, it has been well established that Bezier curve rational Bezier and Nonuniform rational B spline rational B spline based curve representation schemes can ... to obtain rational Bezier and B spline motions. Ge and Ravani, ref name Ge1994a cite journal author ... name Roschel1998 cite journal author R schel, O. year 1998 title Rational motion design a survey journal ... aided design of rational motions journal ASME Journal of Mechanical Design volume 127 issue 5 ... JMDEDB000127000005000967000001&idtype cvips&gifs yes88 ref Rational Bezier and B spline motions ... w i i 0...n math respectively, the following represents a rational Bezier curve in the space of dual ... quaternion curve given by above equation defines a rational Bezier motion of degree math 2n math . Similarly ... for the rational Bezier motion and rational B spline motion in the Cartesian space can be obtained ... for point transform. In what follows, we deal with the case of rational Bezier motion. The, the trajectory of a point undergoing rational Bezier motion is given by, math tilde textbf P 2n t H ... representation of the rational Bezier motion of degree math 2n math in Cartesian space. The following ... textbf q i 0 math of the unit dual quaternion math hat textbf q i math . Example Image Rational Bezier motion of degree 6.jpg thumb 600px none A teapot under Rational Bezier motion of degree 6 with on the left ... more details
In mathematics , a collection of real number s is rationally independent if none of them can be written as a linear combination of the other numbers in the collection with rational number rational coefficients. A collection of numbers which is not rationally independent is called rationally dependent . For instance we have the following example. math begin matrix mbox independent qquad underbrace overbrace 3, quad sqrt 8 quad , 1 sqrt 2 mbox dependent end matrix math Formal definition The real number s sub 1 sub , sub 2 sub , ... , sub n sub are said to be rationally dependent if there exist integers k sub 1 sub , k sub 2 sub , ... , k sub n sub , not all of which are zero, such that math k 1 omega 1 k 2 omega 2 cdots k n omega n 0. math If such integers do not exist, then the vectors are said to be rationally independent . This condition can be reformulated as follows sub 1 sub , sub 2 sub , ... , sub n sub are rationally independent if the only n tuple of integers k sub 1 sub , k sub 2 sub , ... , k sub n sub such that math k 1 omega 1 k 2 omega 2 cdots k n omega n 0 math is the trivial mathematics trivial solution in which every k sub i sub is zero. The real numbers form a vector space over the rational number s, and this is equivalent to the usual definition of linear independence in this vector space. See also Linear flow on the torus Bibliography cite book author Anatole Katok and Boris Hasselblatt title Introduction to the modern theory of dynamical systems publisher Cambridge year 1996 isbn 0 521 57557 5 Category Dynamical systems mathanalysis stub ... more details
Merge Consensus decision making date May 2010 Rational consensus has been proposed as best practice for group decision making , across several List of academic disciplines academic disciplines , since the early 1980s. Mathematical model ing of consensus processes was attempted as early as the 1950s. A classic paper titled Overcoming Resistance to Change was published by Lester Coch and John French in 1948. ref http books.google.it books?id mMApPAAACAAJ&dq Overcoming Resistance to Change by Lester Coch & J.R.P. French, is considered the beginning of participative management. ref See also J rgen Habermas Kurt Lewin Kurt Zadek Lewin Foucault Habermas debate Markov chain Organizational development Stochastic process Notes and references Reflist Bibliography Lester Coch Coch, Lester and http www.umich.edu news index.html?Releases 1995 Oct95 chr101795 John RP French Jr . http hum.sagepub.com cgi pdf extract 1 4 512 Overcoming resistance to change Human Relations 1 1948 512 532. Fair, Charles M. The New Nonsense The End of the Rational Consensus . Simon and Schuster , 1974. Forrest, Peter. http www.springerlink.com content w91j3770t7776h06 The Lehrer Wagner theory of consensus and the zero weight problem . Synthese 62 1985 75 78. http www.umich.edu news index.html?Releases 1995 Oct95 chr101795 French, John RP Jr . http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 13323174 A formal theory of social power . Psychological Review 63 1956 181 194. Frank Harary Harary, Frank . http www.springerlink.com content w91j3770t7776h06 On the measurement of structural balance . Behavioral Science 4 1959 316 323. http decsai.ugr.es herrera Herrera, Francisco and others. http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6V05 3SNV0VG 18& user 10& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d&view c& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 c37a1205628eb3321bfe97178a27efad A rational consensus model in group ... Keith Lehrer Lehrer, Keith and Carl Wagner . http books.google.com.au books?id VYXUJ4MuUUYC Rational ... more details
Onesource date January 2009 Rational trigonometry is a recently introduced approach to trigonometry that eschews ... , which is a rational function of their Slope slopes . In place of the classical transcendental ... geometric configurations, notably triangles. Rational trigonometry was introduced by Prof. Norman J. Wildberger in his 2005 book Divine Proportions Rational Trigonometry to Universal Geometry . The book ... of his new proposed measurements, using only rational equivalences, which allow him to avoid any ... of rational numbers or finite field s. Wildberger holds a Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University ... . Quadrance and spread Instead of distance and angle , rational trigonometry uses as its fundamental ... name horizons Cite journal first Norman J. last Wildberger title A Rational Approach to Trigonometry ..., in a typical trigonometry problem if rational numbers are assigned to all quadrances and spreads, then the calculated results will be rational numbers or roots of rational numbers . This rationality ... of rational trigonometry is, applications aside, a special instance of the description of geometry in terms of linear algebra using rational methods such as dot product s and quadratic form s , but students ... comments . Trigonometry over arbitrary fields Rational trigonometry makes it possible to do trigonometry ... compared to angle In rational trigonometry, spread is a fundamental concept, somewhat but not precisely ... is not proportional to degrees or radians, and has a period of 180 degrees radians . Laws of rational trigonometry Wildberger states that there are five basic laws in rational trigonometry. He also ... rational trigonometry or derived from Heron s formula, using the condition for collinearity that the triangle ... is framed in the terms of rational trigonometry. The spread of an angle is the square of its sine ... 1 2 a 1 2 b 1 2 a 2 2 b 2 2 . , math Ease of calculation Rational trigonometry makes some problems ... 2008 , http www.cs.utep.edu vladik 2008 olg08 01.pdf Rational trigonometry computational viewpoint ... more details
The Rational temperament is one of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter four temperaments defined by David Keirsey . Correlating with the NT intuitive thinking Myers Briggs types, the Rational temperament comprises the following role variants listed with their corresponding Myers Briggs types Architect Role Variant Architect INTP , Fieldmarshal Role Variant Fieldmarshal ENTJ , Inventor Role Variant Inventor ENTP , and Mastermind Role Variant Mastermind INTJ . ref name keirsey http keirsey.com 4temps rational overview.asp Keirsey.com Portrait of the Rational . ref Description Rationals are abstract in speech and utilitarian in pursuing their goals. Their greatest strength is strategy. Their most developed intelligence role is that of either the Engineer Architect role variant Architects and Inventor role variant Inventors or the Coordinator Mastermind role variant Masterminds and Fieldmarshal role variant Fieldmarshals . As the knowledge seeking temperament, Rationals trust logic reason implicitly. They rely on objective observations and factual analysis in any given situation. They seek a Syllogism logical argument as a basis for action. As strategists, Rationals strive to gain as much information as possible, applying what they learn to develop long term plans and the steps for achieving them. They are characterized by a tough minded personal style, tending to pursue either power or understanding. They are often strong willed, ambitious, intelligent, and self determined. Subjectivity Subjective thoughts and emotion have no place in the decision making process of a Rational. Driven to excel, they work hard to achieve their goals, and they do well where they can take control or work ... temperaments Keirsey identified the following traits of the Rational temperament ref name keirsey ... Guardian temperament References Reflist External links http keirsey.com 4temps rational overview.asp Rational temperament at Keirsey.com Jungian psychology Category Keirsey Temperament Sorter ... more details
Rational pricing is the assumption in financial economics that asset prices and hence asset pricing models will reflect the arbitrage free price of the asset as any deviation from this price will be arbitraged away . This assumption is useful in pricing fixed income securities, particularly bonds, and is fundamental to the pricing of derivative instruments. Arbitrage mechanics This section is linked from Arbitrage Arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a state of imbalance between two or possibly more markets. Where this mismatch can be exploited i.e. after transaction costs, storage costs, transport costs, dividends etc. the arbitrageur locks in a risk free profit without investing any of his own money. In general, arbitrage ensures that the law of one price will hold arbitrage also equalises the prices of assets with identical cash flows, and sets the price of assets with known ... income securities Rational pricing is one approach used in pricing fixed rate bond s. Here, each cash ... of its cash flows discounted at the same rate as each ZCB, Rational pricing Assets with identical ... be the same as the cost including interest of buying and storing the asset. In other words, the rational ... rate the Rational pricing An asset with a known future price asset with a known future price , as above ... can be used to determine the asset s rational price today. In an option finance option contract, however ... , and those that infer expected value assume Rational pricing Risk neutral valuation risk neutral valuation ... corresponds to the forward price above Rational pricing An asset with a known future price An asset ... Rational pricing Assets with identical cash flows Assets with identical cash flows , in the absence ... pricing derivatives. See Fundamental theorem of arbitrage free pricing . Swaps Rational pricing underpins ... also be priced using rational pricing. For example, the Floating leg of an interest rate swap can ... List of valuation topics Rational choice theory Rationality Risk neutral measure Volatility arbitrage ... more details
In mathematics , the rational sieve is a general algorithm for integer factorization factoring integers into prime factors . It is essentially a special case of the general number field sieve , and while it is far less algorithmic efficiency efficient than the general algorithm, it is conceptually far simpler. So while it is rather useless as a practical factoring algorithm, it is a helpful first step for those trying to understand how the general number field sieve works. Method Suppose we are trying to factor the composite number n . We choose a bound B , and identify the factor base which we will call P , the set of all primes less than or equal to B . Next, we search for positive integers z such that both z and z n are B smooth number smooth &mdash i.e. all of their prime factors are in P . We can therefore write, for suitable exponents math a k math , math z prod p i in P p i a i math and likewise, for suitable math b k math , we have math z n prod p i in P p i b i math . But math z math and math z n math are congruent modulo math n math , and so each such integer z that we find yields a multiplicative relation Modular arithmetic mod n among the elements of P , i.e. math prod p i in P p i a i equiv prod p i in P p i b i operatorname mod n operatorname math where the a sub i sub and b sub i sub are nonnegative integers. When we have generated enough of these relations it s generally sufficient that the number of relations be a few more than the size of P , we can use the methods of linear algebra to multiply together these various relations in such a way that the exponents of the primes are all even. This will give us a congruence of squares of the form a sup 2 sup b sup ... of n , and the algorithm will terminate. Example We will factor the integer n 187 using the rational ... 187 gcd 14 3,187 gcd 14 3,187 11 17. Limitations of the algorithm The rational sieve, like ... Rational Sieve Category Integer factorization algorithms ar pl Metoda sita liczbowego ... more details
Multiple issues context March 2009 unreferenced March 2009 notability March 2009 SQABasic is the Rational Software Corporation language for building GUI scripts. It is an integral part of IBM Rational Robot, a tool used for developing regression tests. Category IBM software Rational SQABasic compu lang stub ... more details
Infobox software name IBM Rational Software Modeler logo Image RationalSoftware.png 200px screenshot Image RSA Design Model.jpg 300px caption Rational Software Modeler with Design Model Diagram developer ... Rational Software Modeler was withdrawn from marketing on August 17, 2010. See Product home page on external links IBM Rational Software Modeler , RSM made by IBM s Rational Software division, is a Unified Modeling Language UML 2.0 based visual modeling and design tool. ref name iw Rational Software ... Language UML for creating applications and web services. Overview Rational Software Modeler version ... models and model fragments Supports application of design patterns It has integrations with other Rational tools, such as Rational ClearCase ClearCase configuration management and Rational ClearQuest ClearQuest exception handling defect reports and change requests . Rational Software Modeler RSM , is engineered ... specifically for Rational tools. History Rational Software IBM Rational software has a long history ... Modeling Language . Rational Software s first visual modeling and development tool was Rational ... languages and other implementation technologies. While Rational Rose was an important step in bringing ... inside their IDE. Rational responded to this need in 2002 with IBM Rational Rose XDE IBM Rational XDE software, providing a development environment for the programming technologies emerging at the time Java and Microsoft .NET . IBM Rational XDE was characterized as the next generation of IBM Rational Rose not a new version of it hence the name change , and not necessarily a replacement for Rose since IBM Rational XDE was purposefully restricted to support only a select number of IDEs ... to point integration requirement. As more and more capabilities were added, Rational began to reach ... Rational Software Architect, IBM Rational Software Modeler and IBM Rational Systems Developer are the result ... analysis into a more integrated design. IBM Rational Software Modeler Versions v6.0 Released December ... more details
Advert date January 2011 Infobox software name Ex IBM Rational Rose XDE logo Image RationalSoftware.png 200px screenshot Unsourced image removed Image xde.jpg 300px caption Rational Rose XDE Windows client developer IBM released ? frequently updated yes Release version update? Don t edit this page, just click on the version number programming language ? operating system Microsoft Windows , Linux , UNIX language English genre ? license IBM Software license EULA website http www.ibm.com software awdtools developer rosexde www.ibm.com software developer rosexde Rational Rose XDE , an eXtended Development Environment for software development software developer s, integrates with Microsoft Visual Studio .NET and IBM WebSphere Studio Application Developer . The Rational Software Rational division of IBM , which previously produced Rational Rose, wrote this software. With the IBM Rational June 2006 Product Release, IBM withdrew the XDE family of products and introduced the Rational Rose Family of products as replacements. The Rational Rose Family of products is a set of UML modeling tools for software design. The Unified Modeling Language UML is the industry standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems. It simplifies the complex process of software design, creating a blueprint for construction of software systems. The IBM Rational Rose family is for customers wishing to integrate with legacy integrated development environments or languages. For more modern architectures IBM Rational Software Architect and IBM Rational Software Modeler were developed. These products were created matching and surpassing Rose XDE capabilities to include support for UML 2.x, pattern customization support, the latest programming languages and approaches to software development such as SOA and more powerful data modeling that supports Entity Relationship modeling. DEFAULTSORT Ibm Rational Rose Xde Category IBM software Rational Rose ... more details
Peacock date October 2009 Infobox software name IBM Rational Software Architect logo Image RationalSoftware.png ... caption Rational Software Architect with Design Model Diagram developer IBM released ? frequently updated ... software awdtools swarchitect websphere IBM Rational Software Architect , RSA made by IBM s Rational ... 2 Enterprise Edition J2EE applications and web services. Rational Software Architect is built on the Eclipse ... resilient applications and web services. Overview Rational Software Architect version 7.5 includes ... Rational Data Architect software. Reverse transformations go from Java to UML C to UML. .NET to UML Includes all of the capabilities of IBM Rational Application Developer Enables model management ... It also has integrations with other Rational tools, such as Rational ClearCase ClearCase version control and Rational ClearQuest ClearQuest configuration management. All Rational software products, including Rational Software Architect RSA , are engineered as plugins that sit on top of the open source Eclipse software Eclipse development platform. Installing Rational Software Architect gives the developer ... market of third party plugins for Eclipse, as well as plugins specifically for Rational tools. History Rational Software IBM Rational software has a long history in application modeling, beginning ... modeling approaches to form what eventually became the Unified Modeling Language . Rational Software s first visual modeling and development tool was Rational Rose , a stand alone modeling tool .... While Rational Rose was an important step in bringing Model driven development MDD closer ... visual modeling to be integrated not with their IDE, but rather inside their IDE. Rational responded to this need in 2002 with IBM Rational Rose XDE IBM Rational XDE software, providing an extended ... Java and Microsoft .NET . IBM Rational XDE was characterized as the next generation of IBM Rational ... since IBM Rational XDE was purposefully restricted to support only a select number of IDEs and implementation ... more details
2010 infobox software name IBM Rational Quality Manager developer IBM Rational Software latest release ... rational quality manager Rational Quality Manager Web Page status Active IBM Rational Quality ... for test planning , construction, and execution. Overview IBM Rational Quality Manager enables quality ..., requirements and development work items. Rational Quality Manager further includes modules for requirements ... is stored and managed on the Rational Quality Manager server. It is built upon the IBM Rational Jazz ... Rational tools which facilitates information sharing between teams and applications. Through the Jazz technology platform, Rational Quality Manager can share requirements information with Rational Requirements Composer, and share work items and defects with Rational Team Concert. The Jazz platform also provides a universal API for sharing information with other 3rd party applications. IBM Rational ..., and other troubleshooting and support resources. Rational Quality Manager Key Artifacts Requirements Requirements are a key input to the quality assurance process. IBM Rational Quality Manager provides two requirements management options. First, IBM Rational Quality Manager can integrate to external requirements management systems such as Telelogic Rational DOORS , Rational RequisitePro and Rational Requirements Composer. In this scenario, requirements are managed externally, and Rational Quality Manager establishes live links to the external requirements. Alternatively, Rational ..., Rational Quality manager can generate test cases from requirements, can associated test ... plan or test case has changed. Test Plan The test plan is the central artifact in Rational Quality ... of execution, Rational Quality Manager has the native ability to author and execute manual test scripts as well as the ability to launch automated test scripts from Rational Functional Tester, Rational Performance Tester and Rational Service Tester. Various execution adapters are also available which ... more details
orphan date January 2010 infobox software name IBM Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality developer IBM Rational Software latest release version 8.1 latest release date Summer 2009 operating system Microsoft ... website http www.ibm.com software awdtools tester service IBM Rational Service Tester status Active IBM Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality is a tool for automated functional testing of web services and service oriented architecture SOA software components from the Rational Software division ... testing of web services. Overview IBM Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality is a tool for ensuring the quality of service oriented architecture SOA based applications. Using Rational Service Tester ... and create a sequence of service operation calls to define a test scenario. IBM Rational Service ... The following is an overview of the process of web service validation with IBM Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality Test Creation Tests are created using the IBM Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality recording mechanism, the Generic Service Client. The Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality ... Service Client is a component of Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality which enable users to interact ... UDDI server. Test Editing Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality tests are not represented as code. Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality tests are represented as a tree view, where each branch ... verification. Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality offers many options for validating web service .... Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality performs automatic test editing for data pooling and data correlation. With datapooling, Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality automatically edits ... testing . Data correlation is the process by which Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality ensures ... used during a later step. Whenever such a value is created, Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality ... data environments. Service Stubbing Service Stubbing with Rational Service Tester for SOA Quality ... more details
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