A rigid line inclusion , also called stiffener, is a mathematical model used in solid mechanics to describe a narrow hard phase, dispersed within a matrix material. This inclusion is idealised as an infinitely rigid and thin reinforcement, so that it represents a sort of inverse crack, from which the nomenclature anticrack derives. From the mechanical point of view, a stiffener introduces a kinematical constraint, imposing that it may only suffer a rigid body motion along its line. Theoretical model The stiffener model has been used to investigate different mechanical problems in classical elasticity load diffusion ref Koiter, W.T., On the diffusion of load from a stiffener into a sheet. Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 1955, VIII, 164 178. ref , inclusion at bi material interface ref Ballarini, R., A rigid line inclusion at a bimaterial interface. Eng. Fract. Mech., 1990, 37, 1 5. ref . Image Sketch stiffener.jpg right thumb 300px Sketch of a stiffener embedded in a matrix loaded at its boundary. The main characteristics of the theoretical solutions are basically the following. Similarly to a fracture, a square root singularity in the stress strain fields is present at the tip of the inclusion. In a homogeneous matrix subject to uniform stress at infinity, such singularity only arises when a normal stress acts parallel or orthogonal to the inclusion line, while a stiffener parallel to a simple shear does not disturb the ambient field. Experimental validation Image Sample with stiffener.jpg right thumb 300px Dog bone shaped sample of two component epoxy resin containing a lamellar aluminum ... the rigid line inclusion model. Isochromatic fringe patterns around a steel platelet in a photo ... www.ing.unitn.it bigoni F. Dal Corso, D. Bigoni and M. Gei, The stress concentration near a rigid line ..., F. Dal Corso and M. Gei, The stress concentration near a rigid line inclusion in a prestressed ... F. Dal Corso and D. Bigoni, The interactions between shear bands and rigid lamellar inclusions ... more details
Rigid unit modes RUMs represent a class of lattice vibrations or phonons that exist in network materials such as quartz , cristobalite or zirconium tungstate . Network materials can be described as three dimensional networks of polyhedral groups of atoms such as SiO sub 4 sub tetrahedra or TiO sub 6 sub octahedra. A RUM is a lattice vibration in which the polyhedra are able to move, by translation and or rotation, without distorting. RUMs in crystalline materials are the counterparts of floppy modes in glasses, as introduced by Jim Phillips and Mike Thorpe . The interest in rigid unit modes The idea of rigid unit modes was developed for crystalline materials to enable an understanding of the origin of displacive phase transitions in materials such as silicates , which can be described as infinite three dimensional networks of corner lined SiO sub 4 sub and AlO sub 4 sub tetrahedra . The idea was that rigid unit modes could act as the soft modes for displacive phase transitions . The original work in silicates showed that many of the phase transitions in silicates could be understood in terms of soft modes that are RUMs. After the original work on displacive phase transitions , the RUM model was also applied to understanding the nature of the disordered high temperature phases of materials such as cristobalite , the dynamics and localised structural distortions in zeolites , and negative thermal expansion . Why rigid unit modes can exist The simplest way to understand the origin ... of constraints exceeds the number of degrees of freedom, the structure will be rigid. On the other .... A rigid three dimensional object has 6 degrees of freedom, 3 translations and 3 rotations. Fact ... of structural tetrahedra joined at corners is exactly on the border between being rigid and floppy .... A simple counting analysis would in fact suggest that such structures are rigid, but in the ideal ..., Martin T. Dove, Andrew P. Giddy, Volker Heine, and Bj rn Winkler. Rigid unit phonon modes and structural ... more details
In mathematics, a rigid analytic space is an analogue of a complex analytic space over a nonarchimedean field . They were introduced by John Tate in 1962, as an outgrowth of his work on uniformizing p adic elliptic curve s with bad reduction using the multiplicative group . In contrast to the classical theory of p adic analysis p adic analytic manifolds , rigid analytic spaces admit meaningful notions of analytic analytic continuation continuation and connected space connectedness . However, this comes at the cost of some conceptual complexity. Definitions The basic rigid analytic object is the n dimensional unit polydisc , whose ring algebra ring of functions is the Tate algebra T sub n sub , made of power series in n variables whose coefficients approach zero in some complete nonarchimedean field k . The Tate algebra is the completion of the polynomial ring in n variables under the Gauss norm taking the supremum of coefficients , and the polydisc plays a role analogous to that of affine space affine n space in algebraic geometry . Points on the polydisc are defined to be maximal ideal ... notions of sheaves and gluing of spaces. A rigid analytic space over k is a pair math X, mathcal ... 1970, Raynaud provided an interpretation of certain rigid analytic spaces as formal models, i.e. ... of quasi compact quasi separated rigid spaces over k is equivalent to the localization ..., since blow ups allow more than one formal scheme to describe the same rigid space. Huber ... are quasi compact, quasi separated, and functorial in the rigid space, but lack a lot of nice topological properties. Vladimir Berkovich reformulated much of the theory of rigid analytic spaces in the late ... Winter School Rigid Analytic Geometry and Its Applications Progress in Mathematics by Jean Fresnel ... John Tate title Rigid analytic spaces origyear 1962 doi 10.1007 BF01403307 id MR 0306196 year 1971 journal Inventiones Mathematicae issn 0020 9910 volume 12 pages 257 289 External links eom id Rigid analytic ... more details
Classical mechanics Expert subject physics date November 2008 In physics , rigid body dynamics is the study of the dynamics mechanics motion of rigid bodies . Unlike Point particle particles , which move only in three Degrees of freedom mechanics degrees of freedom Translation physics translation in three directions , rigid bodies occupy space and have geometrical properties, such as a center of mass , moment of inertia moments of inertia , etc., that characterize motion in six Degrees of freedom mechanics degrees of freedom translation in three directions plus rotation in three directions . Rigid bodies are also characterized as being non deformable, as opposed to deformable bodies . As such, rigid ... not have a significant effect on the motion of the system. Rigid body linear momentum Newton s Second ... to rigid bodies by denoting that they describe the motion of the center of mass of the body. This is known as Euler s laws Euler s first law Euler s first law . Rigid body angular momentum The most general equation for rotation of a rigid body in three dimensions about an arbitrary origin O with axes ... in a Frame of reference reference frame . Rotating a rigid body is equivalent to rotating a Poinsot ... m i mathbf r i times mathbf v i math For a rigid body rotating with angular velocity math omega math ... torque free precession . Applications Computer physics engine s use rigid body dynamics to increase interactivity and realism in video game s. See also Theory Rigid body Rigid rotor Soft body dynamics ... Rigid body simulator RigidChips Japanese rigid body simulator External links http www.d6.com users checker dynamics.htm Chris Hecker s Rigid Body Dynamics Information http www.cs.cmu.edu baraff sigcourse ... index.htm Lectures, Computational Rigid Body Dynamics at University of Wisconsin Madison http www.digitalrune.com ... thesis and a collection of resources about rigid body dynamics. DEFAULTSORT Rigid Body Dynamics Category Rigid bodies Category Rotational symmetry ca Din mica del s lid r gid de Starrk rpersimulation ... more details
In computing, a rigid disk block RDB is the block on a hard disk where the Amiga series of computers store the disk s partition and filesystem information. The PC equivalent of the Amiga s RDB is the master boot record MBR . Unlike its PC equivalent, the RDB doesn t directly contain metadata for each partition. Instead it points to a linked list of partition blocks, which contain the actual partition data. The partition data includes the start, length, filesystem, boot priority, buffer memory type and flavor , though the latter was never used. Because there is no limitation in partition block count, there is no need to distinguish primary and extended types and all partitions are equal in stature and architecture. Additionally, it may point to additional filesystem drivers, allowing the Amiga to boot from filesystems not directly supported by the ROM, such as Professional File System PFS or Smart File System SFS . The data in the rigid disk block must start with the ASCII bytes RDSK . Furthermore, its position is not restricted to the very first block of a volume, instead it could be located anywhere within its first 16 blocks. Thus it could safely coexist with a master boot record, which is forced to be found at block 0. Nearly all Amiga hard disk controllers support the RDB standard, enabling the user to exchange disks between controllers. External links http lclevy.free.fr adflib adf info.html p6 The .ADF Amiga Disk File format FAQ 6. The structure of a hard disks Compu hardware stub AmigaOS Category Amiga Category AmigaOS Category MorphOS Category Booting ... more details
nofootnotes date December 2010 A semi rigid molecule is a molecule which has a potential energy surface with a well defined minimum corresponding to a stable structure of the molecule. The only quantum mechanical motions that a semi rigid molecule makes are small internal vibrations around its equilibrium geometry and overall translations and rotations. Potential energy surface A molecule consists of atoms held together by chemical bonding forces. The potential, derived from these forces, is a function of the Cartesian nuclear coordinates R sub 1 sub , ..., R sub N sub . These coordinates are expressed with respect to a frame attached to the molecule. The potential function is known as force field chemistry force field or potential energy surface written as V R sub 1 sub , ..., R sub N sub . Often a more accurate representation of the potential V is obtained by the use of internal curvilinear coordinates , so called valence coordinates. We mention bond stretch, valence angle bending, out of plane rotation angles, and dihedral torsion angles. Although the curvilinear internal coordinates can give a good description of the molecular potential, it is difficult to express the kinetic energy of nuclear vibrations in these coordinates. Identical nuclei When a molecule contains identical nuclei&mdash which is commonly the case&mdash there are a number of minima related by the permutations of the identical nuclei . The minima, distinguished by different numberings of identical nuclei, can be partitioned in equivalent classes. Two minima are equivalent if they can be transformed into one other by rotating the molecule, that is, without surmounting any energy barrier bond breaking or bond twisting . The molecules with minima in different equivalent classes are called versions . To transform ... by an energy barrier of height of ca. 1000 cm sup 1 sup . In a semi rigid molecule all the barriers ... rigid floppy molecule some of the potential barriers between the different versions are so low that tunneling ... more details
was constructed until 1947. The Rigid Midget resembles the Screaming Wiener, but the Midget ... 2011 last National Soaring Museum authorlink year 2011 ref Specifications Rigid Midget Aircraft specs ... more details
for boats similar to RIBs but with rigid tubes Rigid buoyant boat Image Falmouth irb 02.jpg thumb 300px Royal National Lifeboat Institution RNLI inshore rescue boat during Falmouth, Cornwall Falmouth Lifeboat Day, August 2006 Image Us navy rhib.jpg thumb 300px RHIB Boat deployed from a US Navy Destroyer operating in a Littoral military littoral area A rigid hulled inflatable boat , RHIB or rigid inflatable boat RIB is a light weight but high performance and high capacity boat constructed with a solid, shaped hull ship hull and flexible tubes at the gunwale . The design is stable and seaworthy. The inflatable collar allows the vessel to maintain buoyancy even if a large quantity of water is shipped aboard due to bad sea conditions. The RIB is a development of the inflatable boat . Uses include work boats supporting shore facilities or larger ships in trades that operate on the water, as well as use as lifeboats and military craft, where they are used in patrol roles and to transport troops between vessels or ashore. History See Inflatable boat History Inflatable boat History for earlier history. Origins in Britain The combination of rigid hull and large inflatable buoyancy tubes seems to have been first introduced in 1967 by Tony and Edward Lee Elliott of Flatacraft, ref http www.hotribs.com ... , 2010 ISBN 978 1 85757 103 5 ref By 1966 the students had built a further five rigid inflatable ... craft to the Canadian Coast Guard CCG , which was introducing rigid hull inflatables into its ... File US Navy RHIB SWCC.jpg thumb Clear view of a Deep V rigid hull Hull The hull is made of steel ... RIB. Wheelhouse cabins File Rigid inflatable jersey.JPG thumb RIB with a small wheelhouse ... Commons category Rigid hulled inflatable boats Inflatable boat Luxury yacht tender Outboard motor Subskimmer for a RIB that can transform into a submerged Diver Propulsion Vehicle and back. LCRS Rigid ... AllInflatable s History of Inflatables DEFAULTSORT Rigid Hulled Inflatable Boat Category Inflatable ... more details
Knot details name Rigid double splayed loop in the bight names double splayed loop image Rigid double splayed loop in the bight.JPG caption type Loop type2 strength origin related Alpine butterfly knot releasing uses caveat abok number 1100 conway notation ab notation The rigid double splayed loop in the bight is a knot that contains two parallel loops. Clifford Warren Ashley Clifford Ashley wrote that it is one of the firmest of the Double Loops since the two loops do not directly communicate with each other . ref name abok citation last Ashley first Clifford W. title The Ashley Book of Knots url accessdate origyear year 1944 publisher Doubleday location New York isbn 978 0385040259 page 200 ref It is a variation of the alpine butterfly knot . References reflist External links http www.layhands.com Knots Knots DoubleLoops.htm Multi Loop Knots Double Splayed Loop in the Bight http www.thepirateking.com knots knot rigid double loop.htm Double Loop Knots A Rigid Double Splayed Loop in the Bight Knots knot stub Category Multi loop knots ... more details
Classical mechanics cTopic Core topics This page discusses rigid body dynamics . For other uses, see Euler function disambiguation . In physics , Euler s equations describe the rotation of a rigid body in a frame of reference fixed in the rotating body and having its axes parallel to the body s Moment of inertia principal axes of inertia . math begin align I 1 dot omega 1 I 3 I 2 omega 2 omega 3 & M 1 I 2 dot omega 2 I 1 I 3 omega 3 omega 1 & M 2 I 3 dot omega 3 I 2 I 1 omega 1 omega 2 & M 3 end align math where math M k math are the components of the applied torque s, math I k math are the moment of inertia principal moments of inertia and math omega k math are the components of the angular velocity vector math boldsymbol omega math along the principal axes. Motivation and derivation In an inertial frame of reference in , the time derivative of angular momentum equals the applied torque math frac d mathbf L text in dt stackrel mathrm def frac d dt left mathbf I text in cdot boldsymbol omega right mathbf M text in math where math mathbf I text in math is the moment of inertia tensor calculated in the inertial frame. Although this law is universally true, it is not always helpful in solving for the motion of a general rotating rigid body, since both math mathbf I text in math and math boldsymbol omega math can change during the motion. Therefore, we change to a coordinate frame fixed in the rotating body, and chosen so that its axes are aligned with the principal axes of the moment of inertia tensor. In this frame, at least the moment of inertia tensor is constant and diagonal , which simplifies calculations. As described in the moment of inertia , the angular momentum vector math mathbf L math can be written math mathbf L stackrel mathrm def L 1 mathbf e 1 L 2 mathbf e 2 ... freely. See also Moment of inertia Poinsot s construction Euler angles Rigid rotor References ... 0 201 07392 7 Category Rigid bodies Category Rotation in three dimensions Category Equations de Eulersche ... more details
A mechanical network is an interconnection of mechanical device s such as rigid body rigid bodies , spring device springs , dashpot dampers , transmission mechanics transmissions , and actuator s. See also Multibody system Category Machines Mech engineering stub ... more details
The state of rest or motion of a rigid body is unaltered if a force acting on a body is replaced by another force of same magnitude and direction, but acting anywhere on the body along the line of action of replaced force . Category Rigid bodies Classicalmechanics stub ... more details
Fish scale may refer to The Scale zoology rigid plates on the skin of a fish Fishscale , an album by Ghostface Killah Fishscale cocaine Fish Scales , a rapper disambig ... more details
The Herglotz Noether theorem in special relativity restricts the possible linear and rotational motions of a Born rigidity Born rigid object. It states that such a body may only possess a linear acceleration if it is not rotating. References Gustav Herglotz. ber den vom Standpunkt des Relativit tsprinzips aus als starr zu bezeichnenden K rper. On the status of so called rigid bodies according to the principle of relativity Annalen der Physik Leipzig , 31 393 415, 1910. http gallica.bnf.fr ark 12148 bpt6k15335v.image.f403 Fritz Noether. Zur Kinematik des starren K rpers in der Relativit tstheorie On the kinematics of rigid bodies in relativity theory Annalen der Physik Leipzig , 31 919 944, 1910. http gallica.bnf.fr ark 12148 bpt6k15335v.image.f932 Giulini, The Rich Structure of Minkowski Space, http arxiv.org abs 0802.4345 Category Special relativity Category Rigid bodies ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 Aspen collar is a type of rigid collar used to stabilize the neck cervical spine after a neck injury or certain type of surgery. medicine stub Category Orthopedic braces ... more details
Wikisource translation s Uniform Rotation of Rigid Bodies and the Theory of Relativity Uniform Rotation of Rigid Bodies and the Theory of Relativity Wolfgang Pauli , Theory of Relativity , Dover Publications ... SR rigid disk.html The Rigid Rotating Disk in Relativity in the USENET Physics FAQ Category Special relativity Category Rigid bodies ... more details
In mathematics , a rigid collection C of mathematical objects for instance sets or functions is one in which every c C is uniquely determined by less information about c than one would expect. The above statement does not define a mathematical property. Instead, it describes in what sense the adjective rigid is typically used in mathematics, by mathematicians. Some examples include Harmonic function s on the unit disk are rigid in the sense that they are uniquely determined by their boundary values. Holomorphic functions are determined by the set of all derivatives at a single point. A smooth function from the real line to the complex plane is not, in general, determined by all its derivatives at a single point, but it is if we require additionally that it be possible to extend the function to one on a neighbourhood of the real line in the complex plane. The Schwarz lemma is an example of such a rigidity theorem. By the fundamental theorem of algebra , polynomial s in C are rigid in the sense that any polynomial is completely determined by its values on any infinite set , say N , or the unit disk . Note that by the previous example, a polynomial is also determined within the set of holomorphic functions by the finite set of its non zero derivatives at any single point. Linear maps L X , Y between vector spaces X , Y are rigid in the sense that any L L X , Y is completely determined by its values on any set of basis vector s of X . Mostow s rigidity theorem , which states that negatively curved manifolds are isomorphic if some rather weak conditions on them hold. A well ordered set is rigid in the sense that the only order preserving automorphism on it is the identity function. Consequently, an isomorphism between two given well ordered sets will be unique ... degrees of freedom of ensembles of rigid physical objects connected together by flexible hinges. PlanetMath attribution id 6219 title rigid Category Mathematical terminology nl Rigiditeit ... more details
wiktionarypar rigidity rigidRigid or rigidity may refer to In mathematics and physics Stiffness , the property of a solid body to resist deformation, which is sometimes referred to as rigidity Structural rigidity , a mathematical theory of the stiffness of ensembles of rigid objects connected by hinges Rigidity electromagnetism , the resistance of a charged particle to deflection by a magnetic field Rigidity mathematics , a property of a collection of mathematical objects for instance sets or functions Rigid body , in physics, a simplification of the concept of an object to allow for modelling. In medicine Rigidity neurology , an increase in muscle tone leading to a resistance to passive movement throughout the range of motion Rigidity psychology , an obstacle to problem solving which arises from over dependence on prior experiences In economics Real rigidity and nominal rigidity , the resistance of prices and wages to marketchanges in macroeconomics. Ridgid , a brand of tools disambig ar cs Rigidn de Rigidit t fr Rigidit it Rigidit ja ru sr uk ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 unreferenced date July 2007 The sled kite was invented and patented by the American, William Allison in the 1950s. This kite helped pave the way for a class of kites known as semi rigid. air sports stub Category Kites ... more details
LZ2 may refer to the following Zeppelin LZ2 , an early model of a type of rigid airship LZ77 and LZ78 , a lossless data compression algorithm Led Zeppelin II , the second album by the band Led Zeppelin LZ2 Lanzarote , a street Letter NumberCombDisambig nl LZ2 ... more details
Blinds may refer to Window blind , a window covering composed of long strips of fabric or rigid material. Blinds poker , forced bets posted by players in poker. WindowBlinds , a computer program that allows users to skin the Windows graphical user interface. disambig ... more details
A herpolhode is the curve traced out by the endpoint of the angular velocity vector of a rigid rotor , a rotating rigid body . The endpoint of the angular velocity moves in a plane in absolute space, called the invariable plane, that is orthogonal to the angular momentum vector L . The fact that the herpolhode is a curve in the invariable plane appears as part of Poinsot s construction . The trajectory of the angular velocity around the angular momentum in the invariable plane is a circle in the case of a symmetric top , but it the general case wiggles inside an annulus, while still being concave towards the angular momentum. References H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics , Addison Wesley 1950 , p. 159 ff. V. I. Arnold, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics , Second edition, Springer 1989 , p. 146. See also Poinsot s construction Polhode Category Rigid bodies Category Mechanics physics stub ... more details
wiktionary Zr .zr ZR may refer to Aviacon Zitotrans IATA code MG ZR , a car made by the MG Rover Group Toyota ZR engine ZR, a mini van used for mass transit on the Caribbean island of Barbados pronounced the British way Zed R not Zee R Zr may refer to Zirconium , a chemical element .zr , the former Internet country code top level domain ccTLD for Zaire USS Shenandoah ZR 1 , a 1922 United States Navy rigid airship ZR 2 , a United States Navy rigid airship USS Los Angeles ZR 3 , a 1923 24 United States Navy rigid airship Kawasaki ZR 7 , a motorcycle disambiguation Category Initialisms de ZR eo Zr fa ZR fr ZR ko ZR it ZR ja Zr pt ZR fi Zr ... more details
deterioration of the structure. A rigid graph is an graph embedding embedding of a graph mathematics graph in a Euclidean space which is structurally rigid. ref name Ref mathworld RigidGraph ref That is, a graph is rigid if the structure formed by replacing the edges by rigid rods and the vertices by flexible hinges is rigid. It is also possible to consider rigidity problems for graphs in which ... to a shorter length while other edges represent tension elements able to shrink but not stretch . A rigid ... rigidity matroid the minimally rigid graphs in the plane are the Laman graph s. Cauchy s theorem geometry Cauchy s theorem states that a three dimensional convex polyhedron constructed with rigid plates for its faces, connected by hinges along its edges, forms a rigid structure. Flexible polyhedron Flexible polyhedra , non convex polyhedra that are not rigid, were constructed by Raoul Bricard ... more details
saved book title Zeppelins subtitle The airships, people and technology cover image Hauptmann Graf Zeppelin.jpg cover color white Zeppelins The airships, people and technology Overview Zeppelin Rigid, semi rigid, and non rigid airships Rigid airship Semi rigid airship Blimp Non rigid airship People Ferdinand von Zeppelin Carl Berg airship builder Carl Berg David Schwarz aviation inventor David Schwarz Albert Sammt Hugo Eckener Arthur Koestler Ernst A. Lehmann Peter Strasser Luftschiffer Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond Hay Companies Luftschiffbau Zeppelin DELAG Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen Zeppelin mail The Zeppelins List of Zeppelins Zeppelin LZ1 LZ 1 Zeppelin LZ2 LZ 2 LZ 10 Schwaben LZ 10, Schwaben LZ 13 Hansa LZ 13, Hansa Zeppelin L.19 LZ 54 LZ 54 LZ 61 Zeppelin L 21 LZ 61 Zeppelin LZ104 LZ 104, Das Afrika Schiff French airship Dixmude LZ 114, Dixmude USS Los Angeles ZR 3 LZ 126, USS Los Angeles ZR 3 LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin LZ 127, Graf Zeppelin Hindenburg Hindenburg class airship Hindenburg class airship LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129, Hindenburg LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin LZ 130, Graf Zeppelin II Hindenburg disaster Hindenburg disaster newsreel footage Technology Airship hangar Blau gas Duralumin Goldbeater s skin Spy basket Miscellany Zeppelin NT Zeppelin Rammer ZSO 523 DEFAULTSORT Zeppelin Category Wikipedia books on aviation Category Wikipedia books on history Category Wikipedia books on transport Category Wikipedia books on warfare ... more details
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