how to value physician labor in Medicare prices. Among politicians, former House Speaker Newt Gingrich has called for transparency in the prices of medical devices, noting it is one of the few aspects ... system, through increased prices for other patients and through collection of government .... These prices are set based on CMS analysis of labor and resource input costs for different ... study, December 2005 DEFAULTSORT Health Care Prices Category Health economics ... more details
The Prices and Incomes Accord was an agreement between the Australian Council of Trade Unions and the Australian Labor Party government of Prime Minister of Australia Prime Minister Bob Hawke and Treasurer of Australia Treasurer later Prime Minister Paul Keating . Employers were not party to the Accord. Unions agreed to restrict wage demands and the government pledged to minimise inflation. The government was also to act on the social wage. At its broadest this concept included increased spending on education as well as welfare. This was seen as a method to reduce inflation without reducing the living standards of Australians. At the beginning of the Accord, only one union, the Australian Nursing Federation New South Wales Nurses Federation , voted against the Accord. The Accord continued for the whole period of the Labor government through seven stages including, after 1993, Enterprise Bargaining Agreement enterprise bargaining . The first Accord secured for all workers a 4.3 pay rise September 1983 , a 4.1 pay rise April 1984 , and a deferred 2.6 pay rise over the initial 3 year period, improvements in family payments and child care, and the introduction of Medicare. Unemployment also fell from over 10 in the 2nd quarter of 1983 to just under 8 . ref The Hawke Government A Critical Retrospective, edited by Susan Ryan & Tony Bramston ref Other achievements won by the Accord during its first three years included included The establishment of the Economic Planning Advisory council ... and on the prices and incomes accord. In that context, I would point out again that all at the Summit ... the right and the left. Leftist critics claim that it kept real wages stagnant for over ten years. In this view ... and safety improvements, family income supplements, and regular real wage increases from 1991 onwards ... better off materially on the eve of the 1991 recession than in 1983. By 1991, despite decline in real wage levels under Hawke, household real incomes rose as a result of social wage and employment changes ... more details
Infobox settlement name Prices Mill official name settlement type Unincorporated area Unincorporated community nickname motto Images image skyline imagesize image caption image flag image seal Maps pushpin map USA Kentucky pushpin label position the position of the pushpin label left, right, top, bottom, none pushpin map caption Location within the state of Kentucky pushpin mapsize image map map caption Location within Simpson county image map1 mapsize1 map caption1 Location subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name United States subdivision type1 Political divisions of the United States State subdivision name1 Kentucky subdivision type2 List of counties in Kentucky County subdivision name2 Simpson County, Kentucky Simpson government footnotes government type leader title Mayor leader name leader title1 leader name1 established title established date Area unit pref Imperial area footnotes area magnitude area total km2 area land km2 area water km2 Population population as of United States Census, 2000 2000 population footnotes population total population density km2 auto General information timezone Central Time Zone Americas Central CST utc offset 6 timezone DST CDT utc offset DST 5 elevation footnotes elevation ft 574 coordinates display inline,title coordinates type region US type city latd 36 latm 40 lats 53 latNS N longd 86 longm 43 longs 48 longEW W Area postal codes & others postal code type ZIP code s postal code area code blank name Federal Information Processing Standard FIPS code blank info blank1 name Geographic Names Information System GNIS feature ID blank1 info 501328 website footnotes Prices Mill is an unincorporated area unincorporated community in Simpson County, Kentucky Simpson County , Kentucky , United States . It lies along Kentucky Route 591 Route 591 southwest of the city of Franklin, Kentucky Franklin , the county seat of Simpson County. ref Rand McNally. The Road Atlas 06. Chicago Rand McNally , 2006, p. 42. ref Its ... more details
The Wartime Prices and Trade Board is a former Canadian Canadian government government government agency agency , established on September 3, 1939, by the Sixteenth Canadian Ministry Mackenzie King government , under the authority of the War Measures Act , in the Department of Labour Canada Department of Labour responsible for price controls and inflation control. The Board was established to avoid the these problems which happened during World War I . A chairman, Donald Gordon Canadian businessman David Gordon , was appointed in November 1941 and became a highly public figure at the time. He headed the agency, until April 1947 ref http business.queensu.ca dgcc aboutdonaldgordon.php ref . It was organized into 13 regional offices, 100 local offices. This allowed inflation to rise by only 2.8 between 1941 and 1945, after rising by 17.8 in the previous two years. The most successful reduction amongst all nations, during the war. ref http www.warmuseum.ca cwm exhibitions newspapers canadawar wageprice e.shtml ref On August 13, 1941, the Board moved from the Labour Department to the Department of Finance Canada Department of Finance , according to Finance Minister James Ilsley , so that Finance would be held responsible for inflation . ref http webcache.googleusercontent.com search?q cache p7ZsI6AuziYJ northernblue.ca todayincanadianhistory index.php August 13 &cd 1&hl en&ct clnk&gl ca ref The agency employed over 6,000 people, worked for only Canadian dollar 1 a day, plus 16,000 women volunteers who were part of Women s Regional Advisory Committees responsible for rationing, labeling, clothing conservation, housing shortages, and price checking. This inspired the creation of the Consumers Association of Canada ref http jetson.unl.edu cocoon encyclopedia doc egp.war.053 ref While the popularity of the Board was high, at first, gradually it lost some popularity. Violations ..., in 1951. ref http www.answers.com topic wartime prices and trade board ref References references Canada ... more details
This table lists the Chemical element elements by their name and gives some recent historical prices for them and their commonly traded compounds. The first of the two price columns shows the price in US dollars per kg of the compound specified. The second shows the USD price per kg of element in the compound. Dates on prices facilitate Foreign exchange market forex conversion. Elements of only short Half life half lives are unlikely to be traded on a secondary market outside of nuclear lab production, and were therefore excluded from the main table. The current cutoff excludes elements with atomic number greater than 105. They have no isotope with a half life greater than 1.5 hours and are listed separately later. cellpadding 2 cellspacing 0 border 1 colspan 3 align center bgcolor 996600 Element ref Names taken from Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005, Table I ref colspan 6 align center bgcolor 996600 Compound colspan 3 align center List of elements by name Name , Chemical symbol Symbol , Atomic number Number align center Compound form isotope align center Conditions of price align center Price kg BR By compound BR weight align center Price kg BR By element BR weight align center Date align center Ref. bgcolor 99ccff Actinium bgcolor 99ccff Ac bgcolor 99ccff 89 colspan 6 bgcolor 99ccff colspan 3 sup 225 sup Ac 99 pure http books.google.com books?id WDll8hA006AC&pg PT852 1203 Millicurie mCi with permit 6.98x10 sup 12 sup ref mCi kg Avogadro s number atomic weight 1 10 log .5 half life in seconds 37000 ref Fiscal year 2003 http www.ig.energy.gov documents CalendarYear2005 ig 0709.pdf bgcolor 99ccff Aluminium bgcolor 99ccff Al bgcolor 99ccff 13 colspan 6 bgcolor 99ccff colspan 3 P1020A 99.7 Al London Metal Exchange LME official cash ask 1.309 up to 1.313 Jan. 27, 2009 fixing http www.metalsmarket.net daily.php bgcolor 99ccff Americium bgcolor 99ccff Am bgcolor 99ccff 95 colspan 6 bgcolor 99ccff colspan 3 sup 241 sup AmO sub 2 sub powder 99 http ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Monetary Union Index of Consumer Prices MUICP is a weighted average of European Monetary Union countries HICP Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices . It is widely used a measure of inflation throughout the Eurozone the countries with the Euro as their currency. ref http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu pls portal docs PAGE PGP PRD CAT PREREL PGE CAT PREREL YEAR 1998 PGE CAT PREREL YEAR 1998 MONTH 05 2 04051998 EN AP.PDF New Monetary Union Index of Consumer Prices MUICP Monitoring inflation in the euro zone ref References refs See also Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices Consumer price index Inflation economics stub Category Price indices ... more details
POV date June 2008 The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board is a government agency in Canada which regulates drugs that are still under patent and which yet have no generic substitutes. This Board establishes the maximum prices that can be charged in Canada for patented drugs. ref http www.aarpinternational.org resourcelibrary resourcelibrary show.htm?doc id 547057 AARP International Prescription Drug Prices in Canada What Are the Lessons for the U.S.? Bot generated title ref References reflist External links http www.aarpinternational.org resourcelibrary resourcelibrary show.htm?doc id 547057 AARP International http pn.psychiatryonline.org cgi content full 38 16 6 a Psychiatry on line http www.medscape.com viewarticle 409807 3 Medscape http www.pmprb cepmb.gc.ca english home.asp?x 1 PMPRB home http www.pmprb cepmb.gc.ca english view.asp?x 272 PMBRB view Category Medical and health organizations based in Canada Canada stub med org stub ... more details
POV date February 2011 Prescription drug prices in the United States are the highest in the world. The prices Americans pay for prescription drugs, which are far higher than those paid by citizens of any other developed country, help explain why the pharmaceutical industry is and has been for years the most profitable of all businesses in the U.S. In the annual Fortune 500 survey, the pharmaceutical industry topped the list of the most profitable industries, with a return of 17 on revenue. ref http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,581399 1,00.html Why We Pay So Much , TIME magazine, Feb. 2, 2004 ref National expenditures on pharmaceuticals accounted for 12.9 of total health care costs, compared to an OECD average of 17.7 2003 figures . ref cite web url http www.oecd.org dataoecd 15 ..., and the United States high drug prices allow the U.S. pharmaceutical industry to invent a highly ... man Goddamn the Pusher Man , Reason, April 2001 ref Prices of brand name drugs in the United States ... have price controls . Prices for generic drugs tend to be higher in Canada. The price differential ... date 2004 03 16 title Internet pharmacy prices on the up and up journal CMAJ volume 170 issue ... money up to 60 to 80 percent or more savings off US prices. Providers and policy makers may attempt ... 19905039 20 accessdate 11 10 2011 ref Pharmaceutical companies argue that the prices they set are necessary ... of marketing and administration. ref http www.psc cuny.org drugprices.htm Why Are Drug Prices So ... that prescription drug prices are rising significantly faster than general inflation. ref David ... import 869 2004 06 IB69.html Trends in Manufacturer Prices of Prescription Drugs Used by Older .... Wildsmith, http www.aei.org outlook 22818 Inflated Claims about Drug Prices , American Enterprise Institute , July 8, 2005 ref Prescription drug prices, in particular as part of Medicare United States ... Policy References Reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Prescription Drug Prices In The United States Category ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Potatoes and Melons Wholesale Prices Straight From the Lock up Type cover Longtype Artist Snuff band Snuff Cover Snuff potsandmelons.jpg Released July 29, 1997 Recorded Genre Punk rock Length 23 39 Label Deceptive Records br Fat Wreck Chords Producer Snuff band Snuff Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r302798 pure url yes link Last album Demmamussabebonk br 1996 This album Potatoes and Melons... br 1997 Next album Tweet Tweet My Lovely br 1998 Potatoes and Melons Wholesale Prices Straight from the Lock up is an album of mostly cover version s performed by England English punk rock band, Snuff band Snuff . It was released in July 1997 on American independent label, Fat Wreck Chords . The UK version on the Deceptive label is called Potatoes and Melons at Wholesale Prices Direct to You the Public and does not contain tracks 3, 4 and 6 which were already released in the UK as b sides to the Do Do Do single. Track listing Rivers of Babylon Dowe, McNaughton &ndash 1 37 Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads Mike Hugg Hugg , LaFrenais &ndash 2 12 Standing in the Shadows of Love Holland Dozier Holland &ndash 2 09 Soul Limbo Dunn, Jackson, Jones &ndash 3 11 Come and Gone Redmonds &ndash 2 16 It Must Be Boring Being Snuff Tyler &ndash 1 17 Ye Olde Folke Twatte traditional &ndash 2 47 Magic Moments Burt Bacharach Bacharach , Hal David David &ndash 2 18 Russian Fields traditional &ndash 2 09 Time Dub Redmonds &ndash 0 50 Pink Purple Murphy, Redmonds &ndash 2 53 Credits Duncan &ndash vocals, drums Loz &ndash guitar Lee B. &ndash bass Dave &ndash trombone Lee M. &ndash Hammond B 3 organ Produced by Snuff band Snuff External links http www.fatwreck.com record detail 556 Fat Wreck Chords album page Category 1997 albums Category Snuff albums Category Fat Wreck Chords albums 1990s punk album stub it Potatoes and Melons at Wholesale Prices Straight from the Lockup ... more details
multiple issues unreferenced December 2006 orphan November 2009 The Export Price Index EPI tracks changes in the price which firms receive for products they export . Increases in the EPI are typically due to strong foreign demand or higher internal costs within the exporter s country. Generally, only increases caused by strong foreign demand are beneficial. However, the overall effect of such increases is debatable. See also Economic reports Category International trade Economy stub ... more details
lowercase title iDEALiDEAL is an E commerce payment system Internet payment method in the Netherlands ... on the Internet using direct online transfers from their bank account. iDEAL processed 4,5 million ... and 68.8 million in 2010. ref http www.ideal.nl acceptant ?s wat&lang eng GB What is iDEAL? including numbers of transfers ref iDEAL is owned by the Dutch organization Currence , which also owns Personal identification number PIN and Chipknip . The participating banks in iDEAL are ABN AMRO , ASN Bank ... http www.ideal.nl consument ?s wat&lang eng GB What is iDEAL? including a list of participating banks ref Together these are serving the vast majority of the Dutch online banking market. Process iDEAL offers merchants a real time payment method publicized as low cost and virtually risk free to accept internet payments. For customers, iDEAL uses the same environment as their banks online banking ... using this payment method. This is considered an advantage to the merchants. iDEAL works as follows Merchant offers iDEAL as payment method Consumer selects iDEAL and selects his bank Consumer ... account number and signs the transaction digitally using a 2FA token Bank authorizes transaction in real ..., the transaction will be refused Merchant received real time confirmation of the payment by the bank ... en icon Official website http www.ideal.nl nl icon http www.abnamro.nl nl prive betalen ideal introductie.html ABN AMRO on iDEAL nl icon http www.asnbank.nl index.asp?NID 10456 ASN Bank on iDEAL nl icon http www.frieslandbank.nl OnlineBankieren Pages iDEAL.aspx Friesland Bank on iDEAL nl icon http www.ing.nl particulier klantenservice veelgestelde vragen betalen betalen ideal index.aspx?faquri tcm 7 6592 ING bank on iDEAL nl icon http www.rabobank.nl particulieren producten betalen internetbankieren ideal Rabobank on iDEAL nl icon http www.regiobank.nl particulier home klantenservice internet bankieren ideal.html RegioBank on iDEAL nl icon http www.snsbank.nl particulier betalen hoe werkt ... more details
wiktionary Idealideal ideals Ideal may refer to tocright In philosophy Ideal ethics , values that one actively pursues as goals Platonic ideal , a philosophical idea of trueness of form, associated with Plato In mathematics Ideal ring theory , special subsets of a ring considered in abstract algebra Semigroup Subsemigroups and ideals Ideal , special subsets of a semigroup Ideal order theory , special kind of lower sets of an order Ideal set theory , a collection of sets regarded as small or negligible Ideal Lie algebra , a particular subset in lie algebra In science Ideal chain , in science, the simplest model describing a polymer Ideal gas law , in physics, governing the pressure of an ideal gas Ideal transformer, an electrical transformer having zero resistance and perfect magnetic threading Ideal Final Result , in TRIZ methodology, the best possible solution Ideality phrenology , in phrenology, the disposition towards refinement and perfection Thought experiment , sometimes called an ideal experiment Ideal type , a social science term Ideal solution , a solution with thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases Entertainment Ideal Film Company , a leading British film studio of the Silent Era Ideal TV series Ideal TV series , a British situation comedy Ideal band , late 1990s 2000s American R&B group Ideal German band , early 1980s German rock group Ideal Toy Company , a now defunct toy company Ideal album Ideal album , the 1999 eponymous debut album by the R&B group Other uses Changhe Ideal , a city car produced by a joint venture of Changhe and Suzuki IDEAL Scholars Fund , an American scholarship program for underrepresented students Ideal, Georgia , a community in the United States iDEAL , an online payment method in the Netherlands Ideal Industries , an American manufacturer of electrical connectors and tools IDEAL Network , Idea Development ... therapies Places Ideal, Illinois Ideal, South Dakota Ideal Mini School See also Idealism ... more details
be multiplied by 1 K and the lengths and distances should be multiplied by 1 &radic K . Realideal triangle group Image Ideal triangle hyperbolic tiling.svg thumb right The Poincar disk model tiled with ideal triangles. The realideal triangle group is the reflection group generated by reflections of the hyperbolic plane through the sides of an ideal triangle. Algebraically, it is isomorphic ...Image Ideal circles.GIF thumb right 200px Three ideal triangles in the Poincar disk model Image IdealTriangle HalfPlane.jpg thumb right 200px Two ideal triangles in the upper half plane model In hyperbolic geometry an ideal triangle is a hyperbolic triangle Hyperbolic geometry hyperbolic triangle whose three vertices all lie on the circle at infinity. In the hyperbolic metric, any two ideal triangles are Congruence geometry congruent . Ideal triangles are also sometimes called triply asymptotic triangles or trebly asymptotic triangles . Models In the Poincar disk model of the hyperbolic plane, an ideal triangle is bounded by three circles which intersect the boundary circle at right angles. In the Poincar half plane model , an ideal triangle is modeled by an arbelos , the figure between three mutually tangent semicircle s. And in the Beltrami Klein model of the hyperbolic plane, an ideal triangle is modeled by a Euclidean triangle that is circumscribed by the boundary circle. Note that in the Beltrami Klein model, the angles at the vertices of an ideal triangle are not zero, because the Beltrami Klein model, unlike the Poincar disk and half plane models, is not conformal map conformal ... 1 at every point The interior angles of an ideal triangle are all zero. Any ideal triangle has area &pi . Any ideal triangle has infinite perimeter. The inscribed circle to an ideal triangle ... triangles more generally in a non ideal triangle, the distance to the second closest side is strictly ... author Schwartz, Richard Evan title Ideal triangle groups, dented tori, and numerical analysis ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An ideal is a principle or Value personal and cultural value that one ... in which one places them tends to determine the degree to which one reveals them as real and sincere ... to have an ideal of honesty but is willing to lie to protect a friend is demonstrating that not only does he hold friendship as an ideal, but, that it is a more important one than honesty. Thus ideals ... as it is experienced, or would not be fully real. In applied ethics In some theories of applied ... between the ideal of truth , which would advise hearing out all evidence, and the ideal of fairness ... power to continue to pursue them. Idols and heroes A different form of ideal is an idolatry idol ..., it is too complex and multi faceted to be considered an ideal in the abstract sense. However, when ..., the life of Muhammad is held up as ideal , but must be interpreted for believers through the tale of his life, or Sirah Rasul Allah sira , and his many sayings, the hadith . Ideal and virtue Given the complexity ..., is an ideal that one can make a habituation habit . Relative ideal In formal axiology, Robert S. Hartman contended that being ideal means that something is the best member of the set of all things of that class. For example, the ideal student is the best member of the set of all students in exactly the same way that the ideal circle is the best circle that can be imagined of the class of all circles. Since we can define the properties that the ideal member of a class should have, the value of any actual object can be empirically determined by comparing it to the ideal. The closer an object s actual properties match up to the properties of the ideal, the better the object is. For example ... in general, each particular object ought to become more like its ideal. In ethics , by analogy, each person should attempt to become more of an ideal person, and a person s morality can actually be measured by examining how close they live up to their ideal self. See also Idealism DEFAULTSORT ... more details
Ideal tasks arise during task analysis . Ideal tasks are different from real tasks. They are ideals in the Plato nic sense of a circle being an ideal whereas a drawn circle is flawed and real. The study of theoretically best or mathematically ideal tasks Green & Swets, 1966 , has been the basis of the branch of stimulus control in psychology called Psychophysics as well as being part of Artificial Intelligence e. g. Goel & Chandrasekaran, 1992 . Such studies include the instantiation of such ideal tasks in the real world. The notion of the ideal task has also played an important role in information theory . Tasks are defined as sequences of contingencies, each presenting stimuli and requiring an action or a sequence of actions to occur in some non arbitrary fashion. These contingencies may not only provide stimuli that require the discrimination of relations among actions and events but among task actions themselves. Again, Task actions, E, are actions that are required to complete tasks. Properties of tasks usually the stimuli, or the relationship among stimuli and actions are varied, and responses to them can be measured and analyzed. References Goel, A., & Chandrasekaran, B. 1992 . Case Based Design A Task Analysis. In C. Tong and D. Sriram editors , Artificial intelligence approaches to engineering design, Volume II Innovative design pp. 165 184 . San Diego Academic Press. Green, D. M. & Swets, J. A. 1966 . Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics . Huntington, NY Krieger. Category Process management ... more details
about ideals in ring theory prime ideals in order theory ideal order theory Prime ideals In algebra which is a branch of mathematics , a prime ideal is a subset of a ring mathematics ring which shares ... of a given prime number or zero. Primitive ideal s are prime, and prime ideals are both primary ideal primary and semiprime ideal semiprime . Prime ideals for commutative rings An ideal ring theory ideal P of a commutative ring R is prime if it has the following two properties If a and b are two ... can therefore say A positive integer n is a prime number if and only if the ideal n Z is a prime ideal ... complex coefficients, then the ideal generated by the polynomial Y sup 2 sup &minus X sup 3 sup &minus X &minus 1 is a prime ideal see elliptic curve . In the ring Z X of all polynomials with integer coefficients, the ideal generated by 2 and X is a prime ideal. It consists of all those polynomials whose constant coefficient is even. In any ring R , a maximal ideal is an ideal M that is maximal ... of R , namely M itself and the entire ring R . Every maximal ideal is in fact prime. In a principal ideal domain every nonzero prime ideal is maximal, but this is not true in general. If M is a smooth manifold , R is the ring of smooth real functions on M , and x is a point in M , then the set of all smooth functions f with f x 0 forms a prime ideal even a maximal ideal in R . Properties An ideal ..., a commutative ring is an integral domain if and only if 0 is a prime ideal. An ideal I is prime if and only ... one prime ideal in fact it contains at least one maximal ideal which is a direct consequence of Krull ... of the spectrum. The preimage of a prime ideal under a ring homomorphism is a prime ideal ... proper ideal is prime, then the ring is a field. If the ideal 0 is prime, then the ring R is an integral domain. If q is any non zero element of R and the ideal math q 2 math is prime, then it contains q and then q is invertible. A nonzero principal ideal is prime if and only if it is generated by a prime ... more details
. The ideal gas law is an extension of experimentally discovered gas laws . Real fluids at low density ... or a higher density , a real fluid deviates strongly from the behavior of an ideal gas, particularly ...Thermodynamics cTopic Thermodynamic system Systems An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly moving, non interacting point particle s. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal gas law , a simplified equation of state , and is amenable to analysis under statistical mechanics . At normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure , most real gas es behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many gases such as air , nitrogen , oxygen , hydrogen , noble gases , and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide can be treated like ideal gases within reasonable ... behaves more like an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower density i.e. lower pressure , ref ... to the empty space between them. The ideal gas model tends to fail at lower temperatures or higher ... and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition , such as to a liquid or a solid . The model of an ideal gas, however, does not describe or allow phase transitions. These must be modeled by more complex equation of state equations of state . The ideal gas model has been explored in both the Newtonian dynamics as in kinetic theory and in quantum mechanics as a gas in a box . The ideal ... of ideal gas There are three basic classes of ideal gas the classical or Maxwell Boltzmann statistics Maxwell Boltzmann ideal gas, the ideal quantum Bose gas , composed of bosons , and the ideal quantum Fermi gas , composed of fermions . The classical ideal gas can be separated into two types The classical thermodynamic ideal gas and the ideal quantum Boltzmann gas. Both are essentially the same, except that the classical thermodynamic ideal gas is based on classical statistical mechanics , and certain ... additive constant. The ideal quantum Boltzmann gas overcomes this limitation by taking the limit of the quantum ... more details
The term ideal machine refers to a mechanical system in which energy and power are not lost or dissipated through friction, deformation, wear, or other inefficiencies. Ideal machines have the theoretical maximum performance, and therefore are used as a baseline for evaluating the performance of real machine systems. ref name Uicker2003 J. J. Uicker, G. R. Pennock, and J. E. Shigley, 2003, Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Oxford University Press, New York. ref ref B. Paul, 1979, Kinematics and Dynamics of Planar Machinery , Prentice Hall. ref A simple machine , such as a lever, pulley, or gear train, is ideal if the power in is equal to the power out of the device, which means there are no losses. In this case, the mechanical efficiency is 100 . Mechanical efficiency is the performance of the machine compared to its theoretical maximum as performed by an ideal machine. The mechanical efficiency of a simple machine is calculated by dividing the actual power output by the ideal power output. This is usually expressed as a percentage. Power loss in a real system can occur in many ways, such as through friction, deformation, wear, heat losses, incomplete chemical conversion, magnetic and electrical losses. Criteria A machine mechanical machine consists of a power source and a mechanism for the controlled use of this power. The power source often relies on chemical conversion to generate heat which is then used to generate power. Each stage of the process of power generation has a maximum performance limit which is identified as ideal. Once the power is generated the mechanism components of the machine direct it toward useful forces and movement. The ideal mechanism does not absorb any power, which means the power in is equal to the power out. An example is the automobile engine ... forces on the road to move the automobile. The ideal machine has the maximum energy conversion .... See also Mechanics Energy Conservation of energy Entropy References reflist DEFAULTSORT Ideal ... more details
The Thin Ideal is the concept of the idyllically slim female body. ref name jones Hannah Jones, et al. INTERNALIZATION OF THE THIN IDEAL, WEIGHT AND BODY IMAGE CONCERNS. Social Behavior & Personality An International Journal 31.1 2003 81. ref The common perception of this ideal is that of a slender, female ... of the thin ideal is decreasing while the rate of female obesity is simultaneously increasing, making ... Ali, Paul E. Garfinkel, and Noreen Stuckless. The Effects of the Ideal of Female Beauty on Mood ... on the extent to which the ideal is internalized, may have serious psychological effects. ref name pinhas Internalization The degree to which women are psychologically affected by the thin ideal depends to what extent the ideal is internalization internalized . ref name ahern Ahern, Amy L., Kate ... s Attitudes towards the Thin Ideal. Journal of Health Psychology 16 2011 70 79. ref An article from the Eating Disorders Journal states that thin ideal internalization is the extent to which an individual ... of the Ultra Thin Ideal Positive Implicit Associations with Underweight Fashion Models are Associated ... love romantic success , and consequently a majority of women value the thin ideal to some extent ... are aware of the advantage of thinness versus those who internalize the ideal and make it a personal belief system. ref name ditt Dittmar, Helga, and Sarah Howard. THIN IDEAL INTERNALIZATION AND SOCIAL ... of Social & Clinical Psychology 23.6 2004 768 791. ref Although the idea of the thin ideal seems omnipresence omnipresent , not all women identify with the ideal in the same manner and not all are affected ... Self determination against thin Ideal Media Exposure on Women s Body Image and Eating related ... tigg To some, this exposure to the thin ideal may make thinness seem more attainable and act as motivational ... been performed regarding the effect of the thin ideal. Some of these indicate that after women are shown ... of the thin ideal is a precursor to body image dissatisfaction and unnecessary dieting in women ... more details
An ideal chain or freely jointed chain is the simplest model to describe a polymer . It only assumes ... the total end to end vector of an ideal chain and math vec r 1, ldots , vec r N math the vectors ..., so that the central limit theorem applies. The figure below shows a sketch of a short ideal chain. Image Ideal chain random walk.png 200px center The two ends of the chain are not coincident, but they fluctuate ... the elementary model described above is totally unadapted to the description of real world polymers ... in solution whose monomers form an ideal mix with the solvent in which case, the interactions ..., corresponding to the equivalent monomer length to be considered in the analogous ideal chain. The number of Kuhn segments to be considered in the analogous ideal chain is equal to the total unfolded length of the polymer divided by the length of a Kuhn segment. Entropic elasticity of an ideal chain If the two free ends of an ideal chain are attached to some kind of micro manipulation device, then the device experiences a force exerted by the polymer. The ideal chain s energy is constant ... experienced by the walls of a box containing an ideal gas . The internal energy of an ideal ... of an ideal gas has a purely entropy entropic origin. What is the microscopic origin ... entropy . What does this mean in the case of the ideal chain? First, for our ideal chain, a microscopic ... monomer with i varying from 1 to N . In its solvent, the ideal chain is constantly subject ... microscopic state to another, very similar microscopic state. For an ideal polymer, as will be shown ... states compatible with a large end to end distance. Thus, for an ideal chain, maximizing ... to collapse the chain is exerted by the ideal chain between its two free ends. In this section, the mean ... limit will then be discussed. Ideal chain under length constraint The case of an ideal chain whose ... math joining these two points characterizes the macroscopic state or macro state of the ideal chain ... more details
In mathematics , an Ideal ring theory ideal of a commutative ring is said to be irreducible if it cannot be written as a finite intersection of ideals properly containing it. Every prime ideal is irreducible. Every irreducible ideal of a Noetherian ring is a primary ideal , and consequently for Noetherian rings an irreducible decomposition is a primary decomposition . Every primary ideal of a principal ideal domain is an irreducible ideal. Every irreducible ideal is a primal ideal . Fact date April 2009 An element of an integral domain is prime element prime if, and only if, an ideal generated by it is a nonzero prime ideal. This is not true for irreducible ideals an irreducible ideal may be generated by an element that is not an irreducible element , as is the case in math mathbb Z math for the ideal math 4 mathbb Z math It is not the intersection of two strictly greater ideals. The notion is more easily understood in terms of algebraic geometry . An ideal I of a ring A is irreducible if, and only if.the algebraic set it defines is irreducible space irreducible that is, any open subset is dense for the Zariski topology , or equivalently if the closed space of spec A consisting of prime ideals containing I is irreducible for the affine scheme spectral topology . If k is an algebraically closed field , choosing the radical of an ideal radical of an irreducible ideal of a polynomial ring over k is the same thing as choosing an embedding of the affine variety of its Nullstelle in the affine space. See also Laskerian ring , irreducible module , irreducible space Category Ring theory Category Algebraic topology Abstract algebra stub ... more details
In mathematics , an element a of a commutative ring A is called relatively prime to an ideal Q if whenever ab is an element of Q then b is also an element of Q . A proper Ideal ring theory ideal Q of a commutative ring A is said to be primal if the elements that are not prime to it form an ideal. References http www.ams.org journals proc 1950 001 01 S0002 9939 1950 0032584 8 S0002 9939 1950 0032584 8.pdf On primal ideals , Ladislas Fuchs Category Commutative algebra ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 In commutative algebra , the multiplier ideal associated to a sheaf mathematics sheaf of ideal ring theory ideals over a complex number complex algebraic variety variety and a real number c consists locally of the functions h such that math frac h 2 sum f i 2 c math is locally integrable function locally integrable , where the f sub i sub are a finite set of local generators of the ideal. Multiplier ideals were independently introduced by harvtxt Nadel 1989 who worked with sheaves over complex manifolds rather than ideals and harvtxt Lipman 1993 , who called them adjoint ideals. Multiplier ideals are discussed in the survey articles harvtxt Blickle Lazarsfeld 2004 , harvtxt Siu 2005 , and harvtxt Lazarsfeld 2009 . References Citation last1 Blickle first1 Manuel last2 Lazarsfeld first2 Robert title Trends in commutative algebra url http www.msri.org communications books Book51 contents.html publisher Cambridge University Press series Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ. mr 2132649 year 2004 volume 51 chapter An informal introduction to multiplier ideals pages 87 114 Citation last1 Lazarsfeld first1 Robert title A short course on multiplier ideals arxiv 0901.0651 year 2009 journal 2008 PCMI lectures Citation last1 Lipman first1 Joseph title Adjoints and polars of simple complete ideals in two dimensional regular local rings url http www.math.purdue.edu lipman papers polars.pdf mr 1316244 year 1993 journal Bulletin de la Soci t Math matique de Belgique. S rie A volume 45 issue 1 pages 223 244 Citation last1 Nadel first1 Alan Michael title Multiplier ideal sheaves and existence of K hler Einstein metrics of positive scalar curvature jstor 34630 mr 1015491 year 1989 journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America volume 86 issue 19 pages 7299 7300 Citation last1 Siu first1 Yum Tong title Multiplier ideal sheaves in complex and algebraic geometry doi 10.1007 BF02884693 mr ... more details
Commented out because image was deleted Image Ideal logo.JPG thumb right 300px The logo of ideal bike company Too much Image Ideal bike2.JPG thumb right The front of a Ideal mountain bike. Ideal Bikes is a Greece Greek bicycle manufacturer located in Agios Vassileios , near Patras . History The company Maniatopoulos Bros S.A. was founded in Patras in 1926, originally as an importer of bicycles and later motorbikes. In 1987 it was renamed Nikos Maniatopoulos S.A. The brand Ideal is used since 1977 in 1991 production moved to its present modern factory in Agios Vassileios , while an aggressive export campaign established the brand in over 20 countries. The company maintains very advanced Design, Development and production technology infrastructure and Ideal Bikes is an extremely popular brand, especially in Europe, with a network of distributors throughout the continent. Other branches of the Maniatopoulos family have been involved in the automotive sector, like the owners of MAVA the Renault importer in Greece, who designed and produced the MAVA Renault Farma automobile . Teams In its first year as a professional team the Team Volksbank started as Volksbank Ideal . The swiss lettonian team Rietumu Bank Riga is sponsored by Ideal and begun as Rietumu Bank Riga Ideal . Several mountain bike teams have won international titles on Ideal bikes ref See also Teams on http www.idealcyklar.se ref Ideal Bikes Team Team Emmedue Team Zwillingscraft Team Biking Cyprus References Reflist External links http www.idealbikes.net http www.idealbikesteam.com The Ideal Bikes Team based in Varese Italy Category Patras Category Cycle manufacturers of Greece Category Companies established in 1926 Category Mountain bike manufacturers cycle manufacturer stub de Ideal Bikes el Ideal Bikes nl Ideal Bikes fi Ideal Bikes ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Unreferenced date March 2007 An ideal moment in physics mechanics is a Moment physics moment which is not associated with a force . DEFAULTSORT Ideal Moment Category Solid mechanics engineering stub ... more details
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