Interventions infobox Name Rectalexamination Image Digital rectal exam nci vol 7136 300.jpg Caption Digital rectal exam side view of the male reproductive and urinary anatomy, including the prostate, rectum, and bladder. ICD10 ICD9 89.34 MeshID D051517 OtherCodes A rectalexamination or rectal exam is an internal examination of the rectum such as by a physician or other healthcare professional. Procedure The digital rectalexamination DRE, Latin palpatio per anum or PPA is a relatively simple procedure. The patient undresses, then is placed in a position where the anus is accessible lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over the examination table, or lying down with feet in stirrups . If the patient is lying on their side, the physician will usually have them bring one or both legs up to their chest. If the patient bends over the examination table, the physician will have ... be part of a rectalexamination. Veterinary medicine In veterinary medicine rectalexamination is useful ... undergo a rectalexamination there is a small risk of a rectal tear occurring, which can be a life threatening ... Category Physical examination Category Rectum de Rektaluntersuchung es Tacto rectal fr Toucher rectal it Esplorazione rettale nl Rectaal toucher ja pl Badanie per rectum pt Exame retal ... position, the physician will ask the patient to slide down to the end of the examination table until ... the insides for approximately sixty seconds. Usage This examination may be used for the diagnosis of rectal tumor s and other forms of cancer for the diagnosis of prostate prostatic disorders, notably ... gynecological palpations of internal organs for examination of the hardness and color ... is preferred. However, it is an important part of a general examination, as many tumors ... glands . In horses it is a vital component of the clinical examination for equine colic colic ..., and the potential for discomfort and embarrassment, the rectal exam is a common comedic device ... more details
Rectal plexus can refer to superior rectal plexus middle rectal plexus inferior rectal plexus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Rectal bleeding can refer to Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Hematochezia Fecal occult blood Melena Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages tl Pagdurugo ng tumbong ... more details
SignSymptom infobox Name Rectal tenesmus ICD10 ICD10 R 19 8 r 10 ICD9 ICD9 787.99 Rectal tenesmus Latin , from Greek language Greek teinesmos, from teinein to stretch, strain is a feeling of incomplete defecation . It is experienced as an inability or difficulty to empty the bowel at defecation. It is frequently painful and may be accompanied by involuntary straining and other gastrointestinal symptoms . Vesical tenesmus is a similar condition, experienced as a feeling of incomplete urination voiding despite the bladder being empty. Often, rectal tenesmus is simply called tenesmus. The term rectal tenesmus is a retronym to distinguish defecation related tenesmus from vesical tenesmus. ref cite web title Wrong Diagnosis url http www.wrongdiagnosis.com sym rectal tenesmus.htm accessdate 2007 07 09 ref Considerations Tenesmus is characterized by a sensation of needing to pass stool, accompanied by pain, cramping, and straining. Despite straining, little stool is passed. Tenesmus is generally associated with inflammatory diseases of the bowel, which may be caused by either infectious or noninfectious conditions. Conditions associated with tenesmus include Irritable bowel syndrome Diverticular disease Inflammatory bowel disease Coeliac disease Pelvic floor dysfunction Prolapsed hemorrhoid Radiation proctitis Rectal gonorrhoea Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum Ulcerative colitis Colorectal cancer Rectal lower GI parasitic infection, particularly Trichuris trichiura whipworm Shigellosis Amebiasis Kidney stone s, when a stone is lodged in the lower ureter ref http emedicine.medscape.com article 456872 overview Nephrolithiasis Acute Renal Colic , Stephen W Leslie. eMedicine. ref See also Encopresis Constipation Fecal incontinence References references External links GPnotebook 181075954 MedlinePlus 003131 Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs Category Digestive diseases ca Tenesme rectal cs Rekt ln tenesmus es Tenesmo rectal it Tenesmo rettale ru zh ... more details
Original research date April 2010 Unreferenced date April 2010 Rectal thermometry is an umbrella term covering the practice, widely used in modern medicine and science, of taking a mammal s temperature by inserting a thermometer into the aforementioned mammal s rectum via the anus . This is generally regarded as the most accurate means of temperature taking, but some may consider it to be an invasive or demeaning procedure. Thus, it is often used sparingly and primarily on young children or adults for whom taking an oral temperature would risk injury e.g. an unconscious patient, a post oral surgery patient, or a person suffering a seizure . History The precise history of rectal thermometry is largely unknown, but medical thermometer s have long been made in a tube shape that fits into the anus. Medical literature shows the practice dating back to at least the 18th century, and it is probable that rectal thermometry was thought to be a safer alternative to oral temperature taking, due to the use of mercury element mercury and other toxic chemicals in early thermometers. As thermometry related technology improves in the 21st century, rectal thermometry is becoming less and less pervasive, but it is still the preferred method for taking the temperature of infants and pets. Use and procedure Rectal thermometry is widely used in veterinary medicine and pediatrics as well as by adults at home who want the most accurate possible temperature reading and do not mind the discomfort associated with the procedure. It is accomplished by inserting the tip of a thermometer, usually coated in some kind of water based lubricant such as KY Jelly , about 1 2 inches into the anus. The thermometer ... to remember that the normal human core temperature range measured with a rectal thermometer spans from 98.6 to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit 37.0 to 38.0 degrees Celsius . Rectal thermometers are often .... DEFAULTSORT Rectal Thermometry Category Medical tests ... more details
Rectal hemorrhage also known as Alexian Duffitus refers to bleeding in the rectum . There are many causes of rectal hemorrhage, including hemorrhoids which are dilated vessels in the perianal fat pads , rectal varices, proctitis of various causes , stercal ulcers and infections. Diagnosis is usually made by proctoscopy , which is an endoscopy endoscopic test. ref cite journal author Vernava AM, Moore BA, Longo WE, Johnson FE title Lower gastrointestinal bleeding journal Dis. Colon Rectum volume 40 issue 7 pages 846 58 year 1997 pmid 9221865 doi 10.1007 BF02055445 ref Bleeding from the anus is termed anal hemorrhage and is usually superficial in nature. See also lower gastrointestinal bleeding References references Category GI tract disorders ... more details
Infobox disease Name Rectal prolapse Image Rectal prolapse low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a rectal wall with changes seen in rectal prolapse. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 11189 ICD10 ICD10 K 62 3 k 55 ICD9 ICD9 569.1 ICDO OMIM 176780 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3533 MeshID D012005 Rectal prolapse normally describes a medical condition wherein the walls of the rectum protrude through the anus and hence become visible outside the body. ref Cite book title Rectal Prolapse Diagnosis and Clinical Management first1 Donato F. last1 Altomare first2 Filippo last2 Pucciani publisher Springer year 2007 page 12 isbn 978 8 8470 0683 6 ref Types There are three chief conditions which come under the title rectal prolapse Full Thickness rectal prolapse describes the entire rectum protruding through the anus. ref Altomare, Pucciani 2007 p.14 ref Mucosal prolapse describes only the rectal mucosa not the entire wall prolapsing. ref Altomare, Pucciani 2007 p.44 45 ref Internal intussusception wherein the rectum collapses but does not exit the anus. ref cite book title Advanced therapy in gastroenterology and liver disease first 1Theodore M. last1 Diehl first1 Anna publisher PMPH USA year 2005 page 521 isbn 978 1 5500 9248 6 ref Causes Rectal prolapse is caused by the weakening of the ligaments and muscles that hold the rectum in place. In most people, the anal sphincter is weak. Rectal ..., and sphincter paralysis. Progression The condition of rectal prolapse, a type of rectal rupture, undergoes ... http www.webmd.com digestive disorders tc rectal prolapse treatment overview ref Pharmaceutical ly, the condition ..., Greve JW, Bouvy ND title Robot assisted vs. conventional laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse ..., Al Momani H title Acute scrotum as a complication of Thiersch operation for rectal prolapse in a child ... Selected abstracts from recent medical literature on Rectal Prolapse Gastroenterology DEFAULTSORT Rectal Prolapse Category Proctology Category Rectum de Analprolaps es Prolapso rectal fr Prolapsus ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin ampulla recti GraySubject 249 GrayPage 1183 Image Penis.svg Caption The rectum can be seen the left of this illustration. Ampulla visible but not labeled. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 32 DorlandsSuf 12127975 The rectal ampulla is the dilated section of the rectum where feces are stored until they are eliminated via the anal canal . The caliber of the rectum at its commencement is similar to that of the sigmoid colon , but near its termination it dilates, forming the ampulla. External links eMedicineDictionary Rectal ampulla Gray s digestive stub Digestive tract Category Digestive system Category Rectum bs Ampula rektuma it Ampolla rettale ru ... more details
A rectal microbicide is a microbicide for Rectum rectal use. Most commonly such a product would be a topical gel inserted into the anus so that it make act as protection against the contract of a sexually transmitted infection during anal sex . Along with Vaginal microbicide vaginal microbicides , rectal microbicides are currently the subject of medical research on microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases to determine the circumstances under which and the extent to which they provide protection against infection. Less commonly, rectal microbicides can have other purposes also for example, they could be used to treat certain medical conditions as a suppository would. History Early development of topical microbicides starting around 1998 focused on preventing of HIV transmission during vaginal intercourse. ref name newfocus cite doi 10.1136 sti.2008.031328 ref The entire field lacks a proof of concept that a vaginal microbicide exists. ref name newfocus As of 2008, 16 topical microbicides entered phase I or II clinical trial and 7 advanced to an additional trial. ref name newfocus Previous studies both showed promise in new areas of research and gave disappointing results from the first generation products, as surfactants like nonoxynol 9 and entry inhibitors like carrageenan showed no efficacy in preventing HIV and were associated with risk of inflammation which raised the risk ... R. Seage III title Rectal Microbicides for U.S. Gay Men Are Clinical Trials Needed? Are They Feasible ... name needed Because of expected similarities between the efficacy of vaginal and rectal microbicides .... ref cite pmid 19373027 ref Preclinical testing Preclinical testing for rectal microbicides has ... ref Use Rectal microbicides can reduce the risk of transmission of HIV during anal intercourse, particularly ... lubricant as a vehicle for delivering a rectal microbicide. ref name womeninterview cite doi 10.1521 aeap.2008.20.2.148 ref Culture Research into rectal microbicides and funding for exploring their use ... more details
File Glycerin suppositories.jpg right thumb Glycerin laxative suppositories for insertion into the rectum. The rectum rectal route of administration ROA is a way of administering drugs into the rectum to be Absorption pharmacokinetics absorbed by the rectum s blood vessels ref group Note The rectum has numerous amounts of blood vessels available to absorbed the drug introduced into the rectum. ref and into the body s circulatory system which distributes the drug to the body s organs and various systems ref group Note The organs and systems include the depending on if the drug is able to pass the blood brain barrier BBB or not central nervous system CNS , brain , peripheral nervous system PNS , cardiovascular system CVS , et cetera . ref where the drug elicits its effects. A drug that is administered rectally will in general depending on the drug have a faster onset, higher bioavailability , shorter peak, and shorter duration than the Oral administration oral route. Another advantage of administering a drug rectally is that it tends to produce less nausea compared to the oral route and also prevents any amount of the drug from being lost due to emesis vomiting, throwing up , or puking since the drug is in the rectum, not the stomach, and the contents of the rectum are not lost when there is emesis. In addition the rectal route Coronary artery bypass surgery bypasses first pass metabolism , meaning the drug will reach the circulatory system with significantly less alteration and in greater concentrations ref group Note Other ROAs that bypass first pass metabolism include inhalation smoking , vaporizing , etc. , intravenous intravenous injection IV , Insufflation medicine insufflation snorting , et cetera, but the Oral administration oral route does not bypass first pass metabolism. ref . Methods Image Rectal bulb syringe.jpg thumb right 150px A rectal bulb syringe that can be used to introduce fluids into the rectum. The rectal ROA may be performed with either of the ... more details
Expert subject Medicine date September 2009 An intimate examination is a physical examination for medical purposes that includes examination of female breast s, the genitalia , or the rectum of a patient . Such examinations can cause patients stress or embarrassment. Hospitals therefore employ strict policies relating to the provision of consent by the patient, the availability of chaperone clinical chaperone s at the examination, and the absence of other parties. ref cite paper format PDF url http www.whittington.nhs.uk Documents Intimate 20Examination 20and 20Chaperoning 1905.pdf date July 2003 author Kath Evans publisher Whittington Hospital NHS Trust title INTIMATE EXAMINATION, PROCEDURE, CARE & CHAPERONING POLICY ref ref cite journal title School pupil allowed to observe intimate examination author Helen Barratt url http www.studentbmj.com issues 01 10 news 361a.php journal studentBMJ date October 2001 volume 09 pages 357&ndash 398 publisher BMJ Publishing Group Ltd ref See also Breast examination Pelvic examinationRectalexamination Vaginal examination Body cavity search Reproductive health Sexual health clinic References references med stub Physical exam Category Physical examination ... more details
A Back examination is a portion of a physical examination used to identify potential pathology involving the back . In addition to the general examinations performed on any joint inspection , palpation , range of motion , and distal pulse , strength, sensation, and reflex es , there are several specialized maneuvers specific to the back examination. These components include Gait ref name HeftiBrunner2007 cite book author1 Fritz Hefti author2 Reinald Brunner author3 Carol C. Hasler coauthors Gernot Jundt title Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice url http books.google.com books?id VRnFkfvRT4EC&pg PA57 accessdate 25 June 2011 year 2007 publisher Springer isbn 9783540699637 pages 57 ref Straight leg raise Waddell s signs Schober s test Evidence from the back examination indicating possible spinal damage may prompt a rectalexamination to identify intact tone. References Reflist Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures medicine stub Category Physical examination ... more details
to the left hypochondrium and the left iliac to the left hypochondrium. Examination of the spleen Castell s sign or alternatively Traube s space Other Digital rectal exam Abdominal examination is not complete without a digital rectal exam. Pelvic examination only if clinically indicated. Special maneuvers ... to just below the breast s. Some surgeons would describe an abdominal examination being from nipples ... Rational Clinical Examination ref name pmid17032990 cite journal author Ranji SR, Goldman LE, Simel ... palpation, note any palpable mass. In deep palpation, detail examination of the mass, found in light ... Pyelonephritis Murphy s punch sign Hepatomegaly Liver scratch test Examination for ascites bulging ..., San Diego . http www.medicalvideos.us videos 162 Abdomen Examination Abdominal examination video http www.medicalvideos.us videos 127 Abdomen Examination Pediatric Abdominal examination video Physical exam Category Diagnostic gastroenterology Category Physical examination ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria rectalis media GraySubject 155 GrayPage 615 Image Gray1083.png Caption The blood vessels of the rectum and anus , showing the distribution and anastomosis on the posterior surface near the termination of the gut. Labeled as hemorrhoidal artery. Image2 Midrectal.png Caption2 The arteries of the pelvis. BranchFrom Internal iliac artery BranchTo Vein Middle rectal veins Supplies Rectum , seminal vesicle , vagina MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12155671 The middle rectal artery is an artery in the pelvis that supplies blood to the rectum . Structure Image Internal iliac branches.PNG thumb left 300px Internal iliac artery , showing branches, including middle rectal artery The middle rectal artery usually arises with the inferior vesical artery , a branch of the internal iliac artery . It is distributed to the rectum , anastomosing with the inferior vesical artery , superior rectal artery , and inferior rectal artery . In males, the middle rectal artery may give off branches to the prostate and the seminal vesicle s, while in females it gives off branches to the vagina . Additional images gallery Image Gray538.png Sigmoid colon and rectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomoses. File Middle rectal artery.jpg Middle rectal artery gallery See also Superior rectal artery Inferior rectal artery External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 43 13 03 02 The Female Pelvis Branches of Internal Iliac Artery NormanAnatomy pelvis NormanAnatomyFig pelvicarteries circulatory stub Arteries of thorax and abdomen Category Arteries of the abdomen Category Rectum ar es Arteria hemorroidal media pt Art ria retal m dia ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2009 Evidence law The Direct Examination or Examination in Chief is one stage in the process of adducing evidence from witnesses in a court of law . Direct examination is the questioning of a witness by the party who called him or her, in a trial law trial . Direct examination is usually performed to elicit evidence law evidence in support of facts which will satisfy a required element of a party s claim or defense. In direct examination, one is generally prohibited from asking leading question s. This prevents a lawyer from feeding answers to a favorable witness. An exception to this rule occurs if one side has called a witness, but it is either understood, or soon becomes plain, that the witness is hostile to the questioner s side of the controversy. The lawyer may then ask the court to declare the person he or she has called to the stand a hostile witness . If the court does so, the lawyer may thereafter ply the witness with leading questions during direct examination. See also Cross examination Redirect examination DEFAULTSORT Direct Examination Category Civil procedure Category Evidence law Category Legal terms ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria rectalis inferior, arteria h morrhoidalis inferior GraySubject 155 GrayPage 619 Image Gray542.png Caption The inferior rectal arteries unlabeled surround the anus. Image2 Gray1083.png Caption2 The bloodvessels of the rectum and anus , showing the distribution and anastomosis on the posterior surface near the termination of the gut. Labeled as hemorrhoidal artery. BranchFrom internal pudendal artery BranchTo Vein Inferior rectal veins Supplies anal canal MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12155662 The inferior rectal artery inferior hemorrhoidal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal . Structure The inferior rectal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery as it passes above the ischial tuberosity . Piercing the wall of the pudendal canal , it divides into two or three branches which cross the ischioanal fossa , and are distributed to the muscles and integument of the anus anal region, and send offshoots around the lower edge of the gluteus maximus to the skin of the buttock . They Anastomosis anastomose with the corresponding vessels of the opposite side, with the superior rectal artery superior and middle rectal artery middle rectal arteries , and with the perineal artery . See also Superior rectal artery Middle rectal artery Inferior rectal nerve Additional images gallery Image Gray405.png The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected. gallery External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 41 04 05 Inferior view of female perineum, branches of the internal pudendal artery. SUNYAnatomyFigs 42 03 05 Branches of internal pudendal artery in the male perineum. SUNYAnatomyImage 9 0 77 SUNYAnatomyImage 9 0 85 NormanAnatomy perineum NormanAnatomyFig analtriangle3 DartmouthHumanAnatomy figures chapter 32 32 2.HTM DartmouthHumanAnatomy figures chapter 32 32 3.HTM Gray s circulatory stub Arteries of thorax and abdomen Category Arteries of the abdomen ar ... more details
Image Renal oncocytoma.jpg thumb 200px right Gross examination of a kidney right of image with a renal oncocytoma left of image . Gross examination or grossing is the process by which pathology specimens are inspected with the bare eye to obtain diagnosis diagnostic information, while being processed for further histopathology microscopic examination. Gross examination of surgical pathology surgical specimens is typically performed by a pathology pathologist , or by a Pathologists Assistant pathologists assistant working within a pathology practice. Individuals trained in these fields are often able to gather diagnostically critical information in this stage of processing, including the stage and margin status of surgically removed tumors. The initial step in any examination of a clinical specimen is confirmation of the identity of the patient and the anatomy anatomical site from which the specimen was obtained. Sufficient clinical data should be communicated by the clinical team to the pathology team in order to guide the appropriate diagnostic examination and interpretation of the specimen if such information is not provided, it must be obtained by the examiner prior to processing the specimen. There are usually two end products of the gross examination of a surgical specimen. The first is the gross description, a document which serves as the written record of the examiner s findings, and is included in the final pathology report. The second product is a set of tissue biology ... will be processed into slides for microscopic examination. Since only a minority of the tissue from a large specimen can reasonably be subject to microscopic examination, the success of the final histopathology ... examination. The gross examiner may sample portions of the specimen for other types of ancillary ... gross examination findings pathology pathology stub Category Anatomical pathology Category Gross pathology Gross examination ... more details
The Cardiovascular examination is a portion of the physical examination that involves evaluation of the cardiovascular system. It can involve a precordial examination and peripheral vascular examination . Some portions of the examination may be best performed while sitting up such as a neck bruit , while other portions may be best performed while lying back at a 30 or 45 degree angle such as hepatojugular reflux . Some portions such as the heart sounds may be evaluated in both positions, while others such as the carotid artery auscultation may be done in either. Certain conditions can be identified upon inspection. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK2213 ref Phrases in the writeup can include heart rate and rhythm regular rate and rhythm or RRR heart sounds S1, S2 murmur s, rubs , and Gallop rhythm gallops no m r g point of maximal impulse PMI nondisplaced More detailed notes may mention heaves and bruits. Peripheral pulses may be included in a cardiovascular system or in a Extremities section. References reflist Medical records and physical exam Category Physical examination medicine stub ... more details
A Shoulder examination is a portion of a physical examination used to identify potential pathology involving the shoulder . In addition to the general examinations performed on any joint inspection , palpation , range of motion , and distal pulse , strength, sensation, and reflex es , there are several specialized maneuvers specific to the shoulder examination. These components include Adson s sign Jobe s test Neer impingement sign palpation of bicipital groove palpation of the Subacromial bursa Examination of the shoulder can be complex because the shoulder can present with more than one pathology at a time. ref name McFarlandKim2006 cite book author1 Edward G. McFarland author2 Tae Kyun Kim title Examination of the shoulder the complete guide url http books.google.com books?id 3tZYrpW46UIC accessdate 25 June 2011 date 30 June 2006 publisher Thieme isbn 9783131410917 ref References Reflist Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures medicine stub Category Physical examination Category Shoulder ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name PAGENAME Latin plexus rectalis superior GraySubject 220 GrayPage 987 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648389 The superior rectal plexus or superior hemorrhoidal plexus supplies the rectum and joins in the pelvis with branches from the pelvic plexuses . The superior rectal plexus is a division of the inferior mesenteric plexus . External links DartmouthHumanAnatomy figures chapter 32 32 6.HTM Gray s Autonomic Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin venae rectales mediae GraySubject 173 GrayPage 676 Image Gray587.png Caption Scheme of the anastomosis of the veins of the rectum Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom rectum DrainsTo internal iliac vein Artery middle rectal artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12851614 The middle rectal veins or middle hemorrhoidal vein take origin in the hemorrhoidal plexus and receive tributaries from the urinary bladder bladder , prostate , and seminal vesicle . They run lateralward on the pelvic surface of the levator ani to end in the internal iliac vein . Veins superior to the middle rectal vein in the colon and rectum drain via the portal system to the liver. Veins inferior, and including, the middle rectal vein drain into systemic circulation and are returned to the heart, bypassing the liver. Gray s circulatory stub Veins of the torso Category Veins of the torso ar pt Veias retais m dias ... more details
surgery for unrelated causes, and they were rarely informed the examination had occurred. This practice ... Pelvic Examination Video by the American Medical Videos Journal http www.coolnurse.com pelvic exams.htm ... pelvic exam videos Pelvic Examination Video Physical exam Female genital procedures DEFAULTSORT Pelvic Examination Category Female genital procedures treatment stub fr Toucher vaginal ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria rectalis superior GraySubject 154 GrayPage 610 Image Gray538.png Caption Sigmoid colon and rectum , showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomoses . Superior hemorrhoidal artery visible at center right. Image2 Gray1083.png Caption2 The bloodvessels of the rectum and anus , showing the distribution and anastomosis on the posterior surface near the termination of the gut. Labeled as hemorrhoidal artery. BranchFrom inferior mesenteric artery BranchTo Vein superior rectal vein Supplies rectum MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12155681 The superior rectal artery superior hemorrhoidal artery is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum . Structure The superior rectal artery is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery . It descends into the pelvis between the layers of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon , crossing the left common iliac artery and vein. It divides, opposite the third sacral vertebra into two branches, which descend one on either side of the rectum . About 10 or 12 cm from the anus , these branches break up into several small branches. These pierce the muscular coat of the bowel and run downward, as straight vessels, placed at regular intervals from each other in the wall of the gut between its muscular and mucous coats, to the level of the internal anal sphincter here they form a series of loops around the lower end of the rectum, and communicate with the middle rectal artery from the internal iliac artery and with the inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery . Additional images gallery Image Gray1077.png The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx. gallery See also Middle rectal artery Inferior rectal artery External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 39 02 06 Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery. SUNYAnatomyLabs 39 05 01 12 Intestines and Pancreas Branches of t ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 In the UK, an unseen examination is an essay test in school or college , where the student does not know what questions are going to be asked. The student is required to answer questions based upon what they have learned over the course of their academic study. DEFAULTSORT Unseen Examination Category School examinations UK edu stub ... more details
dabconcept The term matriculation examination or matriculation exam refers to educational qualifications in many countries. Usually this has to do with student s transfer from secondary to tertiary education. For more detailed information, see Matriculation . Depending on country, matriculation examination can mean Abitur in Germany, Finland and Estonia. Matriculation in South Africa Matric in South Africa and formerly in Australia. Student degree in Scandinavia. Studentereksamen , Danish student degree. Studentexamen , Swedish student degree. St dentspr f , Icelandic student degree. See also Matriculation disambig ... more details
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