Orphan date February 2009 Sharon Inkelas is a Professor and Chair of the Linguistics Department at the University of California, Berkeley . She specializes in phonology interfaces and particularly in the interaction between Morphology linguistics morphology and phonology. Inkelas completed her Bachelor of Arts in mathematics at Pomona College in 1984 and then received her doctorate in linguistics at Stanford University in 1989 with a dissertation, Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon, advised by Paul Kiparsky . In 1990, she arrived at UC Berkeley as Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science research fellow, and became a professor at Berkeley in 1992. Her recent research pursuits include cophonology theory, affix ordering, child phonology, and analysis of Turkish language Turkish . She has supervised 7 Ph.D. dissertations from 1996 to 2006. Prof. Inkelas is also a violin ist she played for the symphony orchestra of Stanford University and As of 2009 lc on is a member of the symphony orchestra of the University of California, Davis http hector.ucdavis.edu ucdso 05Personnel Inkelas.htm . She has two sons. Recent publications Reduplication , in Keith Brown, ed., Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , Elsevier Oxford, pp. 417 419, 2006 Underspecification , in Keith Brown, ed., Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , Elsevier Oxford, pp. 224 226, 2006 The architecture and the implementation of a finite state pronunciation lexicon for Turkish , with Kemal Oflazer . Computer Speech and Language , pp. 80 106, 2006 Reduplication Doubling in Morphology , with Cheryl Zoll . Cambridge University Press . 2005. http sitemaker.umich.edu mmarlo files inkelas zoll2005reviewmarlo.pdf Review . Velar Fronting Revisited , with Yvan Rose , in Barbara Beachley , Amanda Brown & Fran Conlin eds. , Proceedings of the 26th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development Somerville, MA Cascadilla Press Turkish stress a review , with C. Orhan Orgun , Phonology 20, pp. 139 ... more details
reduplication can also have an effect on glottalization. There are a number of ways in which ... like object, skin, bark Morphological processes Shuswap makes extensive use of reduplication . Some examples of simple reduplication are Initial reduplication s t q m bitterroot to t t q m prepare bitterroots Final reduplication pux m blow to p x x swell up Total reduplication piq white to p q p q flour Consonant reduplication In addition, there are several types of complex reduplication, involving ... types of reduplication are productive and functional. Total reduplication indicates plurality and consonant reduplication is diminutive, but most other reduplications are difficult to explain. In addition to reduplication, root morphemes can be modified by interior glottalization, such that a root CVC ... p e cooled off from pe ns he cools it off . Consonant reduplication can proceed as usual ... more details
c 01 ka an c 02 adversative passive, abstract nouns Reduplication CV consonant vowel reduplication ... objects. CV reduplication was also used to nominalize verbs in Proto Austronesian. In the Ilokano language , CV reduplication is used to pluralize nouns. Reduplication patterns include Blust 2009 Full reduplication Full reduplication plus affixation Full reduplication minus the coda Full reduplication minus the last vowel Full reduplication with vocalic or consonantal change, or both Full reduplication with consecutive identical syllables Prefixal foot reduplication leftward reduplication Suffixal foot reduplication rightward reduplication CVC reduplication CV reduplication marks durative aspect, collectivity, or intensity in Bunun future in Tagalog CV reduplication plus affixation Ca reduplication used to derive human counting numerals and deverbal instrumental nouns in Thao and Puyuma Extensions of fixed segmentism Reduplicative infixes Suffixal syllable reduplication Other less common patterns are Blust 2009 Vacuous reduplication occurs in Paamese Full reduplication minus the initial occurs in Anejom of southern Vanuatu Full reduplication plus an initial glide occurs in Kosraean Partial reduplication minus initial glottal stop occurs in Rennellese True CV reduplication occurs in Pangasinan Rightward trisyllabic reduplication occurs in the Manam language Double reduplication occurs in Woleaian Triplication only in the Thao language Serial reduplication only in the Thao ... for counting humans are derived from the non human numerals through Ca reduplication. This bipartite ... more details
Proto Euphratean was considered by some Assyriologists for example Samuel Noah Kramer , to be the substratum language of the people that introduced farming into Southern Iraq in the Early Ubaid period 5300 4700 BC . Benno Landsberger and other Assyriologists argued that by examining the structure of Sumerian language Sumerian names of occupations, as well as toponyms and hydronym s, one can suggest that there was once an earlier group of people in the region who spoke an entirely different language often referred to as Proto Euphratean. Terms for farmer , smith , carpenter , and date as in the fruit , also do not appear to have a Sumerian language Sumerian or Semitic origin. Rubio challenged the Substratum hypothesis, arguing that there is evidence of borrowing from more than one language. This theory is now predominant in the field Piotr Michalowski, Gerd Steiner, etc. . Another example are the banana languages, which are attested by personal names used in Sumerian texts. These names have a characteristic feature, reduplication of syllables like in the word banana Inanna , Zababa, Chuwawa, Bunene etc. Such feature of the banana languages reminds the extinct Minoan language whose genetic relations are clear as same race. clarify date October 2011 The hypothesis was proposed by Igor Dyakonov and Vladislav Ardzinba who identified these hypothetical languages with the Samarran culture . ref , .2. . 1988. in Russian History of Ancient Orient, Vol. 2. Moscow 1988. Published by the Soviet Academy of Science , chapter III. ref References Portal Ancient Near East reflist Rubio, Gonzalo On the alleged pre Sumerian substratum, in Journal of Cuneiform Studies 51 1999 1 16 Category Assyriology ru ... more details
Multiple issues examplefarm September 2008 unreferenced September 2008 Video denoising is the process of removing noise from a video signal. Video denoising methods can be divided into Spatial video denoising methods, where Noise reduction In images image noise reduction is applied to each Film frame frame individually. Temporal video denoising methods, where noise between frames is reduced. Motion compensation may be used to avoid ghosting artifacts when blending together pixels from several frames. Spatial Temporal video denoising methods use a combination of spatial and temporal denoising. Video denoising methods are designed and tuned for specific types of noise. Typical video noise types are following Analog signal Analog noise Radio channel artifacts High frequency interference dots, short horizontal color lines, etc Brightness and color channel interference problems with antenna Video reduplication false contouring appearance VHS artifacts Color specific degradation Brightness and color channel interference specific type for VHS Chaotic line shift at the end of frame lines resync signal misalignment Wide horizontal noise strips old VHS or obstruction of magnetic heads Film artifacts see also Film preservation Dust, dirt, spray Scratch es Curling emulsion exfoliation Fingerprint s Digital noise Block artifact Blocking low bitrate artifacts Ringing low and medium bitrates artifact especially on animated cartoons Blocks slices damage in case of losses in digital transmission channel or disk injury scratches on DVD Different suppression methods are used to remove all these artifacts from video. See also Image denoising Video processing Category Noise reduction Category Video Category Video processing Category Video signal ar ms Penyahhingaran video ... more details
This is a list of people with reduplicated names. Reduplication, in linguistics , is a process by which the root or stem of a word, or part of it, is repeated. Alternative terms include cloning, doubling, duplication, and repetition. Reduplication has a grammatical function in some languages, such as plurality or intensification. It is also used to derivation linguistics derive new words. The process of anthroponymy , or naming people, is frequently creative, and provides examples of this. Reduplication in human names is sometimes used with hypocorism s, i.e., informal short versions of names. It is commonly used this way in French language French , e.g., the French names French name Louise given name Louise becomes Loulou disambiguation Loulou as a diminutive . The nicknames and fictional characters below include other examples. People with reduplicated surnames Jacques Roger Booh Booh born 1938 Ruben Boumtje Boumtje born 1978 Eric Djemba Djemba born 1981 Lomana LuaLua born 1980 House of Kamehameha 19th century People with reduplicated personal names Reduplicated in the original language He Pingping born 1988 Li Lili born Qian Zhenzhen, 1915 2005 Lily Li born 1950 Yo Yo Ma born 1955 Sa Dingding born 1983 Lang Lang born 1982 Not reduplicated in the original language Wang Zhizhi born 1977 People with reduplicated nicknames or stage names BeBe & CeCe Winans born 1962, 1964 CeCe Peniston borm 1969 Chi Chi LaRue born 1959 Juan Chi Chi Rodr guez born 1935 Fei Fei Hong Kong actress, 1945 2008 Flavor Flav American rapper, born 1959 JoJo singer JoJo American singer, born 1990 Jos Jos Mexican singer, born 1948 Lisa Lisa ref name coup Lulu singer Lulu , born 1948 May May ref name coup Marky Mark Miou Miou French actress, born 1950 Rye Rye Sylvain Sylvain born 1951 Zsa Zsa Gabor born 1917 People with the same personal name and family name American people ... species References reflist Category Lists of people by name feature Reduplicated Category Reduplication ... more details
Refimprove date January 2010 Prenoun is the term for adjective like prefixes that attach to nouns in Algonquian languages and the Korean Language . see the M hlbauer, section 2.2 Algonquian Languages For example, in N hiyaw win Plains Cree language Plains Cree , the term for cat is min s , with the addition of the prenoun w piski white , the term w piski min s means white cat M hlbauer, section 2.2, from example 17 , and with the prenoun misi big , it becomes misi min s with the meaning big cat . M hlbauer, section 2.2, example 18 Prenouns can also be attached to verbs, in which case they are referred to by the term preverb M hlbauer, section 2.2 misi m csow , s he eats a lot M hlbauer, section 2.2, example 18 Korean Language In the Korean Language, pre nouns are used to modify pronoun s, numeral s, and noun s. They are different than adjective s in Korean. While adjectives may be conjugated in Korean, pre nouns cannot. As well pre nouns modify whereas adjectives simply indicate the state of an object. An example of pre noun usage is in this sentence class wikitable style text align center width 400px border 1 . He delicious meat likes In this sentence the word delicious is a pre noun. It is not conjugated and modifies the object of the sentence. Compared with the following sentence class wikitable style text align center width 400px border 1 . This meat delicious Delicious is conjugated and becomes an adjective. This is used to indicate the current state of the object. ref cite book title Essential Grammar for Korean as a second Language last Lee first Chul Young authorlink coauthors year 2004 publisher location isbn page pages 19 21 url http brskl.org resources upload 2009 8 28 KoreanGrammarTextbook.pdf accessdate 3 January 2010 ref References reflist M hlbauer, Jeff, Affix Reduplication in N hiyaw win Plains Cree http www.linguistics.ubc.ca People Jeff AffixRedMuehlbauer.pdf Category Grammar it Prenome ... more details
Benign nephrosclerosis is a term used to describe the renal changes occurring in the setting of benign hypertension , which is always associated with hyaline arteriolosclerosis . Morphology The kidneys appear symmetrically Atrophy atrophic , each weighing 110 130 grams. The kidneys have a surface of diffuse, fine granularity that resembles grain leather. Microscopically, the basic anatomic change consists of hyaline thickening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles hyaline arteriolosclerosis . Under a microscope, this appears as a homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening at the expense of the vessel Lumen anatomy lumina , with loss of underlying cellular detail. The narrowing of the lumen restricts blood flow, resulting in ischemia . All structures of the kidney show ischemic atrophy. In advanced cases of benign nephrosclerosis the Glomerulus glomerular tufts may become globally sclerosed. Diffuse tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are present. Often there is a scant interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. The larger blood vessels interlobar and arcuate arteries show reduplication of internal elastic lamina along with fibrous thickening of the media fibroelastic hyperplasia and the subintima. Clinical Course Benign nephrosclerosis alone hardly ever causes severe damage to the kidney, except in susceptible populations, such as African Americans, where it may lead to uremia and death. However, all persons with this disease usually show some functional impairment, such as loss of concentration or a variably diminished Glomerular filtration rate GFR . A mild degree of proteinuria is a frequent finding. ref name isbn0 8089 2366 8 cite book author Robbins, Stanley L. Kumar, Vinay authorlink editor others title Robbins basic pathology edition language publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2007 origyear pages quote isbn 0 8089 2366 8 oclc doi url accessdate ref References reflist Category Kidney diseases Category Cardiovascular diseases ... more details
Image The United Nations Building.jpg thumb right 250px United Nations Building in New York Um Shmum Hebrew , where um is the Hebrew acronymic pronunciation for U.N. , and the Shm reduplication shm prefix signifies contempt or irony is a phrase coined by David Ben Gurion on 29 March 1955 during a debate within his cabinet, as a scorning utterance towards the United Nations and an expression that reflects, even as to date, the way many Israelis feel about the institution. In that very same debate, he also famously said, What matters is not what the Gentile s will say, but what the Jew s will do. fact date November 2010 . The original expression was uttered after Moshe Sharett responded to Ben Gurion saying that there was a need to drive the Egyptians out of Gaza due to the Palestinian fedayeen s attacks from there. Moshe Sharett claimed that the U.N should be treated with respect, since without it, the state of Israel would not have been established to which Ben Gurion replied, Only the daring of the Jews founded this country, not the resolutions of the U.N. fact date November 2010 . Ben Gurion viewed the UN as heavily biased against Israel, as have many other Israeli politicians over the decades, including current Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu , who referred to the UN as a theater of absurd and a place of darkness for my country in his 2011 UN speech. ref http www.dispatch.co.za 1998 03 26 foreign ISRAEL.HTM Israel savages UN , Dispatch Online website ref In 1998, Kofi Annan quoted this phrase while visiting the Knesset Israeli Parliament , and made a rebutting pun himself by saying that in the world that we live in today, without the UM we will all have klum . Klum is part of expressions that mean nothing in Hebrew. ref http mwcnews.net focus letters to editors 13648 netanyahu un.html Full Transcript Netanyahu s 2011 UN Speech , MWC News Website ref See also Israel, Palestine, and the United Nations Joe Shmoe Culture of Israel References reflist Categ ... more details
go and went , which are forms of the same verb yet differ in form. ReduplicationReduplication is frequently used in Niuean morphology to derive different nouns. Reduplication is the process ... morpheme reduplication indicating a plural verb is molemole to have passed by, to be gone from mole to have passed by, to be gone an example of a whole morpheme reduplication indicating a frequentative ... reduplication are gagau to bite from gau to chew first part of the syllable reduplicated , gegele ... to be very soft, to be very weak from mol to be soft, to be weak last syllable reduplicated . Reduplication ... to break used with a plural object , from faka , ma , and a Reduplication reduplicated lipi to break ... more details
used are reduplication and compounding. The verbal or non verbal function of a morphological ... may be inflected as a verb by means of suffixation, prefixation and reduplication. Animates Animates ... da k , meaning grab at something, steady something with hand, catch with hand . Stem Reduplication Stem reduplication signifies different types of distributiveness, meaning that the action affects many individuals or creates many distributed results. There are four types in Eastern Pomo reduplication of the root alone, r reduplication of the root plus a manner suffix, r reduplication of an instrumental prefix plus a root, R reduplication of an instrumental prefix, root and manner suffix ... is determined by the number of morphemes involved in the reduplication. For example, in the first type of reduplication, only the root is copied, and only its meaning is affected. In the second ... more details
colspan 2 3rd ngai diaru diato di ReduplicationReduplication can be either leftward sa salaga or rightward salaga laga . There is no point in distinguishing partial and total reduplication, since at most ... kinds of reduplication Rightward reduplication singular border 0 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 style border collapse collapse udi noka noka ripe banana tamoata bia bia the big man Leftward reduplication ... ben sc 1sg.obj sing for me Adjectives Most adjectives are derived by reduplication from a verb ... more details
unstressed. ReduplicationReduplication in Tiriy affects verb s regularly and also noun s and adverbial ... reduplicative patterns, termed internal and external reduplication. External reduplication is a regular ... turn it into a VV sequence . center class wikitable Base Gloss Reduplication Gloss wekarama I gave ... reduplication affects the interior of a word. In most cases, it can be seen as affecting the stem prior ... column . In many, but not all, cases, internal reduplication may result from the simplification of external reduplication impo imponoosewa impo mponoosewa . Some examples from Carlin 2004 support this hypothesis. center class wikitable Base Gloss Reduplication Gloss im ponoo ... more details
Reduplication Onomatopoeia Japanese sound symbolism References Ameka, Felix Kofi 2001 Ideophones ... Reduplication and the status of ideophones in Yoruba. Journal of West African Languages 19, 1, 15 34 ... more details
of the Hebrew Language in ... 1996. Synchronically, it might appear to result from reduplication ... explained as mere reduplication is Israeli gakhlil t fire fly, glow fly, Lampyris . This coinage ... that gakhlil t includes a reduplication of the third radical of g l. This is incidentally how ... more details
used are clisis, reduplication, ablaut, compounding, suppletion, order and the most common one is affixation ... ways to mark the plural with the suffix ma t laaki ma women and by full or partial reduplication p w ... notions such as the distribution of action and the iteration of action which is expressed by the reduplication ... more details
may be shown through reduplication , usually partial tatablo or tablo tablo tables , dendeno ... and the feminine prefix, etc. The latter forms use reduplication for plurality alali they masc. , lalai ... more details
Distributives are formed by prefixing sag plus redupication of the first CV light reduplication ... sumag and CV reduplication of the first syllable of the cardinal form. In addition, to the cardinal ... than what the root number or aggregate specifies. It is formed by reduplicating the CVC heavy reduplication ... more details
saw demonstrate the linguistic process called reduplication , where a word or syllable is doubled, often with a different vowel. Reduplication is typical of words that indicate repeated activity, such as riding ... more details
that had retained the reduplication inherited from the Proto Indo European perfect aspect. In Old ... to turn sezn I turned s an to sow sez I sowed Originally, all class 7 verbs showed this reduplication ... more details
end in a unicode e vowel, such as unicode c n na coyote which has the stem unicode c ne . Reduplication Several noun stem have reduplication reduplicated stem material appearing between the stem ... may be symbolized as unicode V where V represents the reduplication of any vowel that occurs ... ne corn Further details about the phonology of the reduplication are found in Taos phonology Reduplicative patterning Taos phonology Reduplicative vowel patterning . The reduplication occurs in all four ... and class II singular . The following examples show the patterning of reduplication and number suffixes ... c liyo na small reduplication small unicode c liyo n small no reduplication small Class I bat unicode na small reduplication small unicode nem small reduplication small Class I son unicode y wola n small no reduplication small unicode y wola ne small reduplication small Class II skirt unicode y nem small reduplication small unicode y ne small reduplication small Class II song unicode kw x ci na small reduplication small unicode kw x ci ne small reduplication small Class III bracelet unicode m sotu na small reduplication small unicode m sotu ne small no reduplication ... more details
grammar The perfect involves reduplication of the beginning of the stem see below . The perfect active ... an irregular verb in ou akou , akous , kousa, ak koa, hear Perfect with Attic reduplication ..., rkhth n rule . Note regular use of augment for reduplication in perfect due to initial vowel ... with Attic reduplication, irregular second perfect . Likewise are declined synagomai gather , eksag ..., reisth n cause to lean, prop press hard . Semi deponent, with middle perfect Attic reduplication ... with middle future. Root aorist. Irregular reduplication with augment. Suffix s in parts V and VI ..., , go away, result . Prefix precedes augment and reduplication. Final vowel of prefix elided ... lab l b . Irregular reduplication. Likewise are declined syllamban conceive , Present an suffix ... future. Second aorist. Ablaut pet pt pt . Irregular long vowel in present reduplication. Irregular ... of contracted future. Athematic verbs These verbs have reduplication in the present, ablaut between ..., unexpected reduplication and or augment, etc. They usually represent compilations of semantically ... more details
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