Refimprove date December 2009 Referencedesign refers to a technical blueprint of a system that is intended for others to copy. It contains the essential elements of the system however, Third party developer third parties may enhance or modify the design as required. ref cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t reference design&i 50334,00.asp publisher PC Magazine Encyclopedia accessdate 20 December 2011 title Definition referencedesign ref ReferenceDesign Packages enable a fast track to market thereby cutting costs and reducing risk in the customer s integration project. Reference designs enable customers to shorten their time to market. In this modern competitive world shortening the design cycle and speeding up the time to market is the major challenge faced by Original equipment manufacturer s OEMs . The main purpose of referencedesign is to support companies in development of next generation products using latest technologies. The reference product is proof of the platform concept and is usually targeted for specific applications. As the predominant customer for reference designs are OEM s, many reference designs are created by technology component vendors, whether hardware or software, as a means to increase the likelihood that their product will be designed into the OEM s product, giving them a competitive advantage. Examples NanoBook , a referencedesign of a miniature laptop Open source hardware also Category Open hardware RONJA , a free and open telecommunication technology free Internet VIA OpenBook , a free and open referencedesign of a laptop References Reflist Use dmy dates date December 2011 DEFAULTSORT ReferenceDesign Category Electronics manufacturing Electronics stub sv Referensdesign ... more details
File ReferenceMissionSequenceVersion3.0.gif thumb DesignReference Mission 3.0 File Mars manned mission NASA V5.jpg thumb DesignReference Mission 5.0 DesignReference Mission refers to a NASA designed mission to go to Mars . It is a reference baseline study for a manned mission to Mars , and not an actual mission program. NASA DesignReference Mission 1.0 NASA DesignReference Mission 2.0 NASA DesignReference Mission 3.0 NASA DesignReference Mission 4.0 NASA DesignReference Mission 5.0 SIA ... more details
No footnotes date February 2011 cleanup date April 2008 File Mars designreference mission 3.jpg thumb Artist concept of a Mars habitat File ReferenceMissionSequenceVersion3.0.gif thumb Overview of the Reference ... Artist concept of a Mars sample return mission NASA DesignReference Mission 3.0 was a NASA study for a human ... mars mission plans in the 20th century External links NASA DesignReference Mission http ares.jsc.nasa.gov ... 19980218778 1998218778.pdf NASA Report, Mars DesignReference Mission 3 http www.astronautix.com craft dession3.htm DesignReference Mission 3.0 Astronautix http ston.jsc.nasa.gov collections ..., David B., Michael B. Duke, and Barney B. Roberts, Mars Exploration Strategies A ReferenceDesign ... Spacecraft DesignReference Library DEFAULTSORT Nasa DesignReference Mission 3.0 Category Spaceflight ... formulated a Reference Mission addressing human exploration of Mars. The plan describes the first .... The architecture for the Mars Reference Mission builds on previous work, principally ... of propellants derived from the Martian atmosphere. The primary purpose of the Reference Mission ..., mission, and system levels. As the report of the Reference Mission Version 3.0 states From the work of the original Reference Mission Version 1.0 , the strategy for the human exploration ... 3.0 , two launches from the Earth were eliminated. The net result is a current Version 3.0 Reference Mission which requires an injected mass of approximately one half that of the 1993 94 Reference ... HumanExplore Exploration EXLibrary docs MarsRef contents.htm Human Exploration of Mars A The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team, 1997, NASA JSC Exploration Office Mars Reference ... Addendum Update to Human Exploration of Mars The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team, 1998, NASA JSC Exploration Office Mars Reference Mission DRM 3.0 http ares.jsc.nasa.gov HumanExplore Exploration EXLibrary DOCS EIC036.HTML A Mission Design for International Manned Mars ... more details
In engineering a referencedesign is often used during the pre production phase of design development to test design features against original specifications. Arts In Art , a reference is an item from ...Refimprove date April 2010 pp move indef Reference is a relation between objects in which one object ... object refers is called the referent of the first object. The term reference is used in many spheres ... hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Etymology The word reference is derived from ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables a program to directly access the particular data item. Most programming language s support some form of reference. The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used to identify ... or researchers. Library and information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow quick access to essential information about ... more details
A reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and computer configuration configuration , and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits and networks. Normally, several types of reference circuits are defined, with different configurations, because Telecommunication communications are required over a wide range of distances. Another type of reference circuit shows how to configure integrated circuits into function blocks, which Analog Devices provides for electrical design engineers. Analog Devices Circuits from the Lab reference circuits are fully tested and come with the schematics, evaluation boards, and device drivers necessary for system integration. A group of related reference circuits is also called a reference system . References FS1037C MS188 See also netlist SPICE Category Electronic circuits ... more details
pp semi small yes For the 1970s music group Design UK band Refimprove date July 2008 File All Saints ... Comfort Tiffany . The building structure and decorations are both examples of design. File PL IIIcut.gif thumb 150px right Design, when applied to fashion , includes considering aesthetics as well as function in the final form. Design as a noun informally refers to a plan drawing plan or convention ... drawing , business process , circuit diagram s and Pattern sewing sewing patterns while to design ... browse design Dictionary.com esp. meanings 1 5 and 7 8 and at http www.askoxford.com concise oed design?view uk AskOxford esp. verbs . ref No generally accepted definition of design exists, ref Ralph, P. and Wand, Y. 2009 . A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept. In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop ... different connotations in different fields see Design Disciplines design disciplines below . However, one can also design by directly constructing an object as in pottery , engineering , management , cowboy coding and graphic design . More formally design has been defined as follows. noun a specification ..., satisfying a set of requirement s, subject to constraints verb, transitive to create a design, in an Environment ... for a formal definition of the design concept. In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop LNBIP 14 , pp. 103 136. Springer Verlag, p. 109 DOI 10.1007 978 3 540 92966 6 6 . ref Another definition for design is a roadmap or a strategic ..., safety and economic constraints in achieving that objective. ref Don Kumaragamage, Y. 2011 . Design ..., and primitives are the elements from which the design object is composed. With such a broad denotation ... toward the subject see Philosophies and studies of design Philosophies and studies of design ... professionally in one of the various design areas, usually also specifying which area is being dealt ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Design Type Studio Artist Into the Moat Cover Designcover.jpg Released March 8, 2005 Recorded October 2004 Genre Mathcore br Metalcore br Deathcore Length Label Metal Blade Records Producer Last album Means By Which The End Is Justified EP Means By Which The End Is Justified br 2003 This album The Design br 2005 Next album The Campaign album The Campaign br March 19, 2009 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r730514 pure url yes link The Design is the first full length album by mathcore metalcore band Into the Moat . It was released in 2005 on Metal Blade Records . Track listing Century II 1 54 Empty Shell 3 40 Dead Before I Stray 2 41 Guardian 3 01 The Inexorable 3 12 Fortitudine 2 49 Beyond Treachery 5 04 None Shall Pass 3 09 Prologue... 7 24 DEFAULTSORT Design, The Category 2005 albums 2000s metalcore album stub ... more details
Infobox Film name By Design director Claude Jutra writer Claude Jutra br Joe Wiesenfeld br David Eames starring Sara Botsford br Patty Duke Astin br Clare Coulter br Saul Rubinek released flagicon Canada 1982 By Design is a Canadian film directed by Claude Jutra and was released in 1982. It stars Sara Botsford and Patty Duke Astin . Synopsis Angie Sara Botsford , and Helen Patty Duke Astin , are in love and they live and work together they design women s clothes and run their own fashion business in Vancouver . Helen wants to be a mother. Angie loves Helen and if Helen can t feel fulfilled without a child she is willing for them to become parents. Criticism The film was favourably reviewed by the critic Pauline Kael in The New Yorker a buoyant, quirky sex comedy..the director takes a look around the whole modern supermarket of sex. By Design takes in the bars and beach houses, fast food restaurants and discos, and the sexual patterns of those who inhabit them..Jutra has a light understated approach to farce. His sensibility suggests a mingling of Jacques Tati Tati and Fran ois Truffaut Truffaut ..The scenes are quick and they re dippy, but with a pensive, melancholy underlay. ref Pauline Kael reprinted in Taking It All In p.421 424 ref Patty Duke Astin received a Genie Award nomination for best foreign actress. References reflist Category Canadian films Category 1982 films Category Canadian drama films Category Films set in British Columbia Category Films directed by Claude Jutra ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A reference table or table of reference may mean a set of references that an author may have cited or gained inspiration from whilst writing an article, similar to a bibliography . It can also mean an Table information information table that is used as a quick and easy reference for things that are difficult to remember such as comparing Imperial unit imperial with SI metric measurements. In the context of database design a reference table is a table into which an enumeration enumerated set of possible values of a certain field data type is divested. For example, in a relational model relational database model of a warehouse the entity Item may have a field called status with a predefined set of values such as sold , reserved , out of stock . In a purely designed database these values would be divested into an extra entity or Reference Table called status in order to achieve database normalisation . The entity status in this case has no true representative in the real world but rather would an exceptional case where the attribute of a certain database entity is divested into its own table. The advantage of doing this is that internal functionality and optional conditions within the database and the software which utilizes it are easier to modify and extend on that particular aspect. Establishing an enterprise wide view of reference tables is called master data management . DEFAULTSORT Reference Table Category Data management Publish stub ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 A reference antenna is an Antenna radio antenna with known performance. It is normally used to calibrate other systems. Reference antennas are built with particular care taken to make them simple, robust and repeatable. In a common usage scenario a reference antenna would be used as a transfer standard. First the reference antenna s performance is measured using high accuracy measurement facility. This test may be done using an Electromagnetic Anechoic chamber or another type of Antenna Test Range see Antenna Measurements . The antenna is then measured using a second antenna test facility. The results from the two are compared, the comparison can reveal the accuracy of the second test facility. It can also be used to calibrate the second facility. Sometimes rather than measure the performance of the reference antenna theoretical methods are used. The antenna may be simulated using electromagnetic simulation, or its properties derived from formulae based on electromagnetic theory. These methods are only useful if the materials and dimensions of the antenna can be characterised very well, and the mathematics of the simulation or formulae used is known to be accurate. Normally the parameter of interest is antenna gain . In this case the reference antenna is built to have a high degree of repeatability in its radiation pattern and boresight gain. A common practice is to measure the boresight gain of a reference antenna across its operational frequency band. Other parameters are sometimes of interest though, such as antenna Electrical efficiency efficiency . Common reference antennas are Horn antenna Horns , Dipole antenna dipoles , Monopole antenna monopoles and Biconical antenna Biconicals . These types are chosen because they are mechanically simple and quite electrically simple. Mechanical simplicity makes building repeatable antennas easier. Electrical simplicity makes design easier and allows use of design formulae that are known to be accurate ... more details
About the computer operating system component broadcast reference monitor Broadcast reference monitor audio reference monitor Studio monitor In operating system s architecture a reference monitor concept defines a set of design requirements on a reference validation mechanism, which enforces an access control policy over subjects e.g., processes and users ability to perform operations e.g., read and write on objects e.g., files and sockets on a system. The properties of a reference monitor are The reference validation mechanism must always be invoked complete mediation . Without this property, it is possible for an attacker to bypass the mechanism and violate the security policy. The reference validation mechanism must be tamperproof tamperproof . Without this property, an attacker can undermine the mechanism itself so that the security policy is not correctly enforced. The reference validation mechanism must be small enough to be subject to analysis and tests, the completeness of which can be assured verifiable . Without this property, the mechanism might be flawed in such a way that the policy is not enforced. For example, Windows 3.1x Windows 3.x and 9x operating systems were not built with a reference monitor, whereas the Windows NT line, which also includes Windows 2000 and Windows XP , was designed to contain a reference monitor, ref http www.microsoft.com resources documentation ... it was intended to provide. The claim is that a reference validation mechanism that satisfies the reference monitor concept will correctly enforce a system s access control policy, as it must be invoked ... analysis and testing to verify correctness. The abstract model of a reference monitor has been widely .... E. 1999 . The Reference Monitor Concept as a Unifying Principle in Computer Security Education. IN PROCEEDINGS ... Security ref the reference monitor concept was introduced by James Anderson in an influential ... must enforce the reference monitor concept. References references See also Security kernel Category ... more details
A reference model in systems engineering systems , enterprise engineering enterprise , and software engineering .... A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions to system components, as long as it represents a complete set. This frame of reference can then be used to communicate ideas clearly among members of the same community. Reference models are often ... Standards a reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships ... supporting that environment. A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non specialist. A reference ... different implementations. ref cite web title OASIS SOA Reference Model url http www.oasis open.org ... of concepts rolled up into that of a reference model. Each of these concepts is important Abstract a reference model is abstract. The things described by a reference model are not actual ... of the reference model. One must understand the concept of a wall in order to build a house that has walls. Entities and relationships A reference model contains both entities things that exist and relationships ... a reference model. Within an environment A reference model does not attempt to describe all things. A reference model is used to clarify things within an environment or a problem space. To be useful, a reference model should include a clear description of the problem that it solves, and the concerns of the stakeholders who need to see the problem get solved. Technology agnostic A reference ... computing environment. A reference model is a mechanism for understanding the problems faced, not the solutions ... value to the practitioner. Note That does not preclude the development of a reference model that describes ... applications. The uses of a reference model There are many uses for a reference model. One .... When done well, a standard can make use of design patterns that support key qualities of software ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Digital reference or virtual reference is a service by which a library reference service is conducted online, and the reference transaction is a computer mediated communication . It is the remote, computer mediated delivery of reference information provided by library professionals to users who cannot access or do not want face to face communication. Virtual reference service is most often an extension of a library s existing reference service program. The word reference ..., answering questions, and otherwise fulfilling users information needs. Reference work often but not always involves using reference work s, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc. This form of reference work expands reference services from the physical reference desk to a virtual reference desk ... virtual reference services may involve multiple terms used for the same definition. ref cite journal last Pace first A. title Virtual Reference What s in a Name? journal Computers in Libraries ..., computer mediated reference services is virtual reference , with the secondary non preferred term digital reference having gone out of use in recent years. Chat reference is often used interchangeably with virtual reference, although it represents only one aspect of virtual reference. Virtual reference ... i.e., texting and email . Here, synchronous virtual reference refers to any real time computer mediated communication between patron and information professional. Asynchronous virtual reference is all ... book last Kern first M.K. title Virtual Reference Best Practices Tailoring Services to Your Library place Chicago publisher ALA year 2009 ref History The earliest digital reference services were launched ... adopter libraries launched digital reference services for two main reasons to extend the hours that questions could be submitted to the reference desk, and to explore the potential of campus wide ... to mid 1990s, digital reference services began to appear that were not affiliated with any library ... more details
Reference date may mean Reference date United States business cycles See Epoch reference date for information on dates used as reference points for calendars and time standards disambig ... more details
A reference dimension is a dimension on an engineering drawing provided for information only. ref name WikiSymbols Citation title Engineering drawing abbreviations and symbols url http en.wikipedia.org wiki Engineering drawing abbreviations and symbols . ref Reference dimensions are provided for a variety of reasons and are often an accumulation of other dimensions that are defined elsewhere ref name orau Citation last Sheaffer first M. K. last2 Thomas first2 G. R. last3 Dann first3 R. K. last4 Russell first4 E. W. title Engineering Drawings for 10 CFR Part 71 Package Approvals date May 1998 pages 11 12 url http www.orau.org documents ivhp health physics 5502.pdf accessdate 2011 06 25 . ref e.g. on the drawing or other related documentation . These dimensions may also be used for convenience to identify a single dimension that is specified elsewhere e.g. on a different drawing sheet . Reference dimensions are not intended to be used directly to define the geometry of an object. Reference dimensions do not normally govern manufacturing operations such as machining in any way and, therefore, do not typically include a dimensional tolerance though a tolerance may be provided if such information is deemed helpful . Consequently, reference dimensions are also not subject to dimensional inspection under normal circumstances. ref name WikiSymbols ref name orau Prior to use of modern Computer Aided Design CAD software, reference dimensions were traditionally indicated on a drawing by the abbreviation REF ref name WikiSymbols written adjacent to the dimension typically to the right or underneath the dimension . However, with the assistance of modern CAD software, the abbreviation REF has often been replaced with the use of parenthesis around the dimension. ref name WikiSymbols ref ... mm REF . Although both of these methods of denoting a reference dimension are accepted and still in use ... denotation method whenever reference dimensions are automatically created by the software. See also ... more details
Reference frame may refer to Frame of reference , in physics Reference frame video , frames of a compressed video that are used to define future frames disambig ... more details
Point of reference is the intentional use of one thing to indicate something else. It may refer to Reference point General usage Frame of reference Physics usage disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 In computer programming , a strong reference is a normal Reference computer science reference that protects the referred object from collection by a garbage collection computer science garbage collector . The term is used to distinguish the reference from weak reference s. Memory management navbox a Category Programming constructs Category Memory management compu lang stub ... more details
voltage reference LM317 References references External links http www.maxim ic.com appnotes.cfm appnote number 719 CMP WP 37 Understanding Voltage Reference Topologies and Specifications http www.national.com rap Application 0,1570,24,00.html The Design of Band Gap Reference Circuits Trials and Tribulations ...Refimprove date November 2010 A voltage reference is an electronic device that produces a fixed constant voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations, temperature changes, and the passage of time. Voltage references are used in power supply voltage regulator s, analog to digital converter s and digital to analog converter s, and myriad other measurement and control systems. Voltage references vary widely in performance a regulator for a computer power supply may only hold its value to within a few per cent of the nominal value, whereas laboratory voltage standards have precisions and stability measured in parts per million . In metrology The earliest voltage references or standards were wet chemical cells such as the Clark cell and Weston cell , which are still used in some laboratory and calibration applications. Laboratory grade Zener diode secondary solid state voltage standards used in metrology can be constructed with a drift of about 1 part per million per year. ref Manfred Kochsiek, Michael Gl ser, Handbook of Metrology , Wiley VCH, 2010 ISBN 3527406662 ... reference. This voltage ranges from 0.3 V for germanium diodes up to about 3 volts for certain ... frequently used to provide a reference voltage of moderate stability and accuracy, useful for many .... The most common voltage reference circuit used in integrated circuits is the bandgap voltage reference . A bandgap based reference commonly just called a bandgap uses analog circuits to add a multiple ... 2009 How To Choose A Voltage Reference Brendan Whelan, Linear Technology Corporation DEFAULTSORT Voltage Reference Category Semiconductors Category Vacuum tubes de Referenzspannungsquelle ja ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 A phantom reference is one of the strengths or levels of non strong reference strong reference defined in the Java programming language Java programming language the others being weak reference weak and soft reference soft . ref cite web title Package java.lang.ref url http docs.oracle.com javase 7 docs api java lang ref package summary.html work Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 API Specification publisher Oracle accessdate 12 December 2011 ref An object is phantomly referenced after it has been finalizer finalized , but before its allocated memory has been reclaimed. See also Weak reference Soft reference Circular reference References Reflist Category Programming constructs Category Memory management compu lang stub cs Phantom reference ... more details
Reference state is the intentional use of one thing to indicate something else. It may refer to Reference point General usage Standard state Chemistry usage disambig ... more details
of reference in physics , may refer to a coordinate system or Cartesian coordinate system set of axes ... in it, or it may refer to an observational reference frame tied to the state of motion of an Observer special relativity observer . It may also refer to both an observational reference frame and an attached coordinate system as a unit. Different aspects of frame of reference The need to distinguish between the various meanings of frame of reference has led to a variety of terms. For example, sometimes the type of coordinate system is attached as a modifier, as in Cartesian frame of reference . Sometimes the state of motion is emphasized, as in Rotating reference frame rotating frame of reference ... frame of reference . Sometimes frames are distinguished by the scale of their observations, as in macroscopic and microscopic frames of reference . ref name macroscopic The distinction between macroscopic ... MicroAnalytix . ref In this article the term observational frame of reference is used when emphasis ... or observational apparatus. In this sense, an observational frame of reference allows study of the effect ... related to space and time. It seems useful to divorce the various aspects of a reference frame for the discussion below. We therefore take observational frames of reference, coordinate systems, and observational ... frame or non inertial frame of reference is a physical concept related to state of motion ... frame of reference can choose to employ any coordinate system Cartesian, polar, curvilinear, generalized, to describe observations made from that frame of reference. A change in the choice of this coordinate ... in the observer s observational frame of reference. This viewpoint can be found elsewhere as well ... books?id H3xIED8ctfUC&pg PA9&dq physical 22frame of reference 22 isbn 3540414436 year 2001 publisher Springer ref Cquote We first introduce the notion of reference frame , itself related to the idea of observer the reference frame is, in some sense, the Euclidean space carried by the observer ... more details
A soft reference is one of the strengths or levels of non strong reference strong reference defined in the Java programming language Java programming language , the others being weak reference weak and phantom reference phantom . The Garbage collection computer science garbage collector will always collect weakly referenced objects, but will only collect softly referenced objects when its algorithms decide that memory is low enough to warrant it. Soft and weak references provide two quasi priorities for non strongly referenced objects. Soft references may be used, for example, when writing a cache computing cache weakly referenced objects may disappear too quickly to make the cache useful. See also Weak reference Phantom reference Circular reference External links http www.pawlan.com monica articles refobjs Java developer article Reference Objects and Garbage Collection http weblogs.java.net blog enicholas archive 2006 05 understanding w.html Understanding Weak References Category Data types Category Memory management compu lang stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 The Reference 54 is a model of alto saxophone alto and tenor saxophone s, and part of the Selmer ReferenceReference series by musical instrument manufacturing company The Selmer Company Selmer . ref Cite web url http www.kesslermusic.com SelmerLeblanc referencesax.htm title Selmer Reference 54 & 36 Series Saxophones accessdate 17 May 2009 ref See also The Selmer Company References Reflist Woodwind instrument stub Category Musical instrument manufacturing companies Category Saxophones ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A reference collection is a collecting collection of objects maintained for the purpose of study and authentication. Reference collections are generally large undertakings maintained by institutions instead of having a single representative of each object, they will typically have multiples, so as to illustrate variations and, sometimes, provide samples for comparisons. For human created objects such as postage stamp s or coin s, a good reference collection will also include an assortment of carefully labelled fakes and forgeries. Since the purpose is study rather than personal gratification or display, a reference collection values damaged objects as much as the pristine in fact, organizations maintaining reference collections will encourage members to donate their damaged or poor condition items to the collection. In biology , reference collections, such as herbarium herbaria are an important sort of information about variations of populations within a species. They are also the repository of holotype s used as the official definition of species. In philately , reference collections are critical to expertization , since the characteristics differentiating authentic stamps from reprints, fakes, and forgeries are often too subtle to be described verbally. DEFAULTSORT Reference Collection Category Collecting ... more details
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