A referencedose is the United States Environmental Protection Agency s maximum acceptable oral Dose biochemistry dose of a toxic substance. Reference doses are most commonly determined for pesticide s. The EPA defines an oral referencedose abbreviated RfD as blockquote A n estimate, with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude , of a daily oral exposure to the human population including sensitive subgroups that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. ref http www.epa.gov economics children basic info glossary.htm r EPA Glossary ref blockquote Regulatory Status Unlike National Ambient Air Quality Standards , RfDs are not enforceable standards. Instead, the EPA uses RfDs as risk assessment benchmarks and tries to set other regulations so that people are not exposed to chemicals in amounts that exceed RfDs. According to the EPA, a n ... endosulfan red.pdf Reregistration Eliligibility Decision for Endosulfan ref Types of RfDs Reference doses are chemical specific, i.e. the EPA determines a unique referencedose for every substance ... substance. Reference doses are specific to dietary exposure. When assessing inhalation exposure, EPA uses Reference Concentrations, RfC s , instead of RfDs. Note that RfDs apply only to non ... of the substance in question, and the largest dose at which no effects are observed is identified. This dose level is called the No observable effect level, or NOEL. To account for the fact that humans ... of a NOEL. If adverse effects are observed at all dose levels tested, then the smallest dose tested ... to be 0.005 mg kg day based on a study in which male rats were administered a one time dose of chlorpyrifos ... dose levels tested, the lowest of which was 1.5 mg kg. This level was thus identified at the lowest ... dose or PAD. For chlorpyrifos, the acute PAD or aPAD is thus 5 10 sup 4 sup mg kg day, and it applies ... for 2 years. Cholinesterase inhibition was observed at all dose levels tested, and a NOAEL of 0.03 ... more details
Referencedose , the United States Environmental Protection Agency s maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance Media and Music Dose album Dose album , a 1998 album by the jam band Gov t Mule Dose magazine , a free daily Canadian magazine Dose song , a song by the band Filter Dosage album Dosage album , the fourth studio album by the band Collective Soul People Gerd Dose 1942 2010 , professor ...wiktionary Dose Dosis dosage doses dosis Dose means quantity in the fields of nutrition , medicine , and toxicology . Dosage is a synonym for the term dose. Particular uses in this context include Dose biochemistry , the quantity of something that may be eaten by or administered to an organism, or that an organism may be exposed to Overdose , intaking more than your reqired dose. Absorbed dose , an amount of radiation received Defined daily dose , a World Health Organization statistical measure of drug consumption Dosage form , a mixture of active and inactive components used to administer a medication Dose profile , taken by a radiation detector in order to characterise the radiation beams from medical linear accelerators Dosing , the process of administering a measured amount of a medicine or chemical to an inanimate object or non human animal Effective dose pharmacology , the amount of a substance required to produce an effect on a predefined percentage of a population Equivalent dose , a measure of radiation dosage to tissue Maximum tolerated dose , the highest dose of a radiological or pharmacological treatment that will produce the desired effect without unacceptable toxicity Median lethal dose , is the dose of a toxic substance or radiation required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration Optimal Biological Dose , the quantity of a radiological ... , a town in Germany Other Uses Dose or Dosage may also refer to A measured quantity of sugar, wine, and sometimes ... Dose disambiguation NOTOC disambiguation de Dose Begriffskl rung fr Dose nl Dose ja ru ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 pp move indef Reference is a relation between objects in which one object ... object refers is called the referent of the first object. The term reference is used in many spheres ... hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Etymology The word reference is derived from ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables a program to directly access the particular data item. Most programming language s support some form of reference. The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used to identify ... or researchers. Library and information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow quick access to essential information about .... Psychology In terms of mental processing, a self reference is used in psychology to establish ... own frames of reference in a greater state of immediate awareness. However, it can laso lead ... more details
Up the Dose may refer to Up the Dose Skrape album Up the Dose Skrape album Up the Dose The Mentors album Up the Dose The Mentors album disambig ... more details
Double Dose may refer to Double Dose Hot Tuna album Double Dose Hot Tuna album , 1978 Double Dose Tela album Double Dose Tela album , 2002 Double Dose Ultimate Hits , a 2011 album by Poison Double Dose Superman The Animated Series See also A Double Dose , a 2004 album by Great White disambiguation ... more details
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of Effective dose radiation safety effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population. Collective dose is usually measured in units of person R ntgen equivalent man rem or person sievert s, or man rem or man sievert. References Reflist http www.euronuclear.org info encyclopedia collectivedose.htm European Nuclear Society Glossary http www.hps.org publicinformation ate q525.html Health Physics Society See also Radioactivity Radiation poisoning Ionizing radiation Total effective dose equivalent Deep dose equivalent Cumulative dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent Radiation Category Radioactivity Category Radiation health effects nuclear stub fr Dose collective ja zh ... more details
From MoS DAB use ONE LINK per entry, SHORT descriptions. AVOID piping links, external links, redlinks with little potential, full sentences, and references wiktionary Effective dose may refer to Effective dose pharmacology , a dose of pharmacologic agent which will have a therapeutic Effective dose radiation safety , an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non uniform radiation dose has on a human Effective dose radiology , an expected incidental radiation dose to part of the body or tissue Biologically effective dose , the effective dose of radiation or a drug that must be delivered to a target organ or tissue to have a desired therapeutic effect disambig ... more details
Tolerable dose may refer to Maximum tolerated dose before death Tolerable upper intake levels , maximal recommended dietary intake not to have harmful effects disambig ... more details
A unit dose is the amount of a medication administered to a patient in a single dose. Unit dose packaging is the packaging of a single dose in a nonreusable container. It is increasingly used in hospital s, nursing home s, etc. Medications in unit dose packaging are easily identifiable and can be returned to the pharmacy if the medication is discontinued. http www.fda.gov ora compliance ref cpg cpgdrg cpg430 100.html Category Packaging Category Pharmacy es Dosis unitaria ... more details
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, or to the whole body, over a period of time. References Reflist http www.nrc.gov reading rm basic ref glossary cumulative dose.html USNRC Glossary See also Radioactivity Radiation poisoning Collective dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent Radiation Category Radioactivity Category Radiation health effects nuclear stub ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 In External Beam Radiotherapy , transverse and longitudinal dose measurements are taken by a radiation detector in order to characterise the radiation beams from medical linear accelerators . Typically, an ionisation chamber and water phantom are used to create these radiation dose profiles. Water is used due to its tissue equivalence. Image dose profile 15MV.gif Central Axis Dose profile for 15MV photon beam incident on water phantom. Here the linear accelerator collimation projects a 1x1 cm2 field at isocentre i.e. 100 cm SSD Transverse dose measurements are performed in the x crossplane or y inplane directions perpendicular to the radiation beam, and at a given depth z in the phantom. These are known dose profiles. Dose measurements taken along the z direction create radiation dose distribution known as a depth dose curve. See also Dosimetry Percentage depth dose curve Category Cancer treatments Category Radiation Category Radiation oncology Category Medical physics de Querprofil Strahlentherapie ... more details
merge from Defined daily dose date January 2012 A maintenance dose is a type of drug therapy in which the dosing dose of a drug is given at a regular dosing interval on a repetitive basis. Continuing the maintenance dose for about 4 to 5 half life half lives t sub sub of the drug will approximate the pharmacokinetics steady state level. ref cite book last1 Houglum first1 Joel authorlink1 last2 Harrelson first2 Gary title Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers url http books.google.com books?id wbkoeZuwqjwC accessdate 2012 01 26 type year 2010 publisher SLACK Incorporated isbn 1556429010 page 51 ref One or more doses higher than the maintenance dose can be given together at the beginning of therapy with a loading dose . ref name urlCp vs time iv infusion with loading dose cite web url http www.chm.davidson.edu erstevens iv 20load 20Cp 20v 20t iv 20load 20Cp 20v 20t.html title Cp vs time iv infusion with loading dose work accessdate ref A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are Clearance medicine eliminated from the body relatively slowly. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long time for the amount of the drug in the body to reach that level. Calculating the maintenance dose Three variables are used to calculate the maintenance dose C sub p sub desired peak concentration of drug CL Clearance medicine clearance of drug in body F bioavailability The required maintenance dose may then be calculated as math mbox Maintenance dose frac C p CL F math For an intravenously administered drug, the bioavailability F will equal 1, since the drug is directly introduced to the bloodstream. If the patient requires an oral dose, bioavailability will be less than 1 depending upon absorption, first pass metabolism etc. , requiring a larger loading dose. See also Therapeutic index References reflist Pharmacology Category ... more details
Dose concentration is the measure of the ratio of the mass physics mass of the drug to the volume that contains it, often measured in units of mole chemistry mole s m sup 3 sup . DEFAULTSORT Dose Concentration Category Pharmacology Category Toxicology med toxic stub Pharmacology stub ... more details
Absorbed dose also known as total ionizing dose , TID is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation per unit mass. It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, which may be measured as joules per kilogram and represented by the equivalent SI unit, Gray unit gray Gy , or the antiquated Centimetre gram second system of units CGS unit, rad unit rad . Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha particle alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose . The risk of stochastic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the Effective dose radiation safety effective dose , which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related SI unit for equivalent dose, the sievert , would be used. See also Specific absorption rate Equivalent dose External links http www.ornl.gov info reports 1982 3445603573381.pdf Specific Gamma Ray Dose Constants for Nuclides Important to Dosimetry and Radiological Assessment , Laurie M. Unger and D. K . Trubey, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, May 1982 contains gamma ray dose constants in tissue for approximately 500 radionuclides. Category Physical quantities Category Units of radiation dose Category Radiobiology be x old bs Apsorbirana doza ca Dosi absorbida cs Absorbovan d vka de Energiedosis et Kiirgusdoos es Dosis absorbida eo Sorbita dozo fa fr Dose absorb e hr Apsorbirana doza it Dose assorbita mk nl Geabsorbeerde dosis ja no Absorbert dose nn Absorbert dose pl Dawka poch oni ta pt Dose absorvida ... more details
The equivalent absorbed radiation dose , usually shortened to equivalent dose , is a computed average ... a less fundamental quantity than the total radiation energy absorbed per mass the absorbed dose , but is a more ... quantity called Effective dose radiation safety effective dose can be calculated see article for more ... of radiation to different parts of the body, if any. Equivalent dose is dimensional analysis ... atomic nucleus nuclei 20 The equivalent dose cannot be measured directly. The dose for each tissue ... with a sensor to the equivalent dose , which is to the extent that the estimation of the Q or RBE is accurate ... s, alpha particle s etc. To obtain the equivalent dose H sub T sub for a given mix of radiation types ... energy dose R in the mix. To obtain the average equivalent dose H sub R sub for a given combination ... T , R sub over all T , with the weight of each dose being proportional to the mass of tissue T present in the combination. In order to obtain an Effective dose radiation safety effective dose also known as effective dose equivalent for radiation given to only part of the body, the equivalent doses ... dose radiation safety effective dose for this calculation. Units The SI unit of measure for equivalent dose is the sievert , defined as the dose of absorbed radiation that has the same biological effect as a dose of one joule of gamma ray s absorbed in one kilogram of tissue. In the United States ..., one may use the equivalent dose received per unit of time spent in it, usually measured in sievert ... unit Gray unit Banana equivalent dose Counts per minute Curie Becquerel Roentgen unit Roentgen equivalent ... Dose equivalent glossary of the European Nuclear Society Category Physical quantities Category Units of radiation dose Category Radiobiology ar cs D vkov ekvivalent de quivalentdosis es Dosis equivalente eo Ekvivalenta dozo fa fr Dose quivalente hr Ekvivalentna doza is Geisla lag it Dose equivalente mk nl Equivalente dosis ja pl R wnowa nik dawki poch oni tej ... more details
Merge Bolus medicine date November 2011 A loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose . ref name urlCp vs time iv infusion with loading dose cite web url http www.chm.davidson.edu erstevens iv 20load 20Cp 20v 20t iv 20load 20Cp 20v 20t.html title Cp vs time iv infusion with loading dose format work accessdate ref A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long time for the amount of the drug in the body to reach that level. Drugs which may be started with an initial loading dose include digoxin , teicoplanin , voriconazole and procainamide . Phenytoin for acute status epilepticus should also be given with an initial loading dose, co administered with a benzodiazepine , to immediately stabilize neuronal membranes and electrical activity during a seizure. Worked example For an example, one might consider the hypothetical drug foosporin . Suppose it has a long Biological half life lifetime in the body , and only ten percent of it is cleared ... the total amount in the body is exactly one gram. So, the maintenance dose of foosporin is 100 milligrams ... such as this, a doctor might prescribe a loading dose of one gram to be taken on the first day ... forth. Calculating the loading dose Four variables are used to calculate the loading dose C sub p ... S salt fraction The required loading dose may then be calculated as math mbox Loading dose frac ... the drug is directly introduced to the bloodstream. If the patient requires an oral dose, bioavailability ... loading dose. Sample values and equations DoseConcentrationClearance References reflist Category Pharmacology pharma stub Pharmacology pt Dose de ataque ... more details
Dose dumping is a phenomenon of drug metabolism in which environmental factors can cause the premature and exaggerated release of a medication drug . This can greatly increase the concentration of a drug in the body and thereby produce Adverse effect medicine adverse effects or even drug induced toxicity . ref http www.chestjournal.org cgi content abstract 87 6 758 Food induced dose dumping from a once a day theophylline product as a cause of theophylline toxicity , a landmark 1985 study on dose dumping observed when theophylline was taken with fatty meals. ref Dose dumping is most commonly seen in drugs taken by mouth and digested in the gastrointestinal tract . Around the same time patients take their medication, they can also ingest other substances like fatty meals or Ethanol alcohol that increase drug delivery . The substances may act on the drug s capsule pharmacy capsule to speed up drug release, or they may stimulate the body s absorptive surfaces to increase the rate of drug uptake. In general, Pharmaceutical company drug companies try to avoid drugs with significant dose dumping effects. Such drugs are prone to problems and are often pulled from the market. Such was the case with the pain medication Palladone Once Daily formulation due to its dose dumping effects when taken with alcohol. ref http www.webmd.com pain management news 20050714 palladone pain drug pulled off market Palladone Pain Drug Pulled Off the Market as reported by WebMD in July 2005. ref References references Category Pharmacokinetics pharma stub ... more details
Infobox prepared food name Davanagere Benne Dose image Image Bennedose.jpg 300px caption alternate name Davanagere butter Dose country India region Davangere creator course served main ingredient Rice , butter variations calories other Benne Dose lang kn is a type of Dosa which traces its origin from the city of Davangere in Karnataka . Benne Dose in English language means Butter Dosa . The type of Dosa made up by just the addition of Butter while making Normal Dosa .It is similar to masala or set dosa but smaller in size,made out of Rice Batter cooking batter and lots of butter and is served with liberal helpings of butter sprinkled on it.This makes the dish enticing in both Flavour flavour and Fragrance fragrance . Benne Khali dose br Benne Open Dose br Benne Masala Dose br are some of the variants of the Benne Dosa. Today Benne Dose is almost synonymous with the city of Davangere and has found its own well deserved place in the menu cards of all well known restaurants in Karnataka.It has also found its distinct place in the cuisine of the Indian Diaspora in abroad. There are also restaurants in Singapore and USA that serve this specialty dish of Davangere. ref http www.aayisrecipes.com 2011 02 06 davanagere benne dosa ref ref http simpleindianfood.blogspot.com 2007 09 davangere benne dosa.html Preparation ref ref http cuisineindia.wordpress.com 2010 08 27 benne dosa butter dosa ref References reflist Indian Dishes Indian bread Flatbreads bread Category Karnataka cuisine Category Indian breads Category Unleavened breads India food stub Kar stub kn , ... more details
about a measure of medication or chemical exposure Dose disambiguation A dose is a quantity of something chemical , physical, or biological that may impact an organism biologically the greater the quantity, the larger the dose. In nutrition , the term is usually applied to how much of a specific nutrient is in a person s diet or in a particular food, meal, or dietary supplement . In medicine , the term is usually applied to the quantity of a drug or other agent administered for therapeutic purposes. In toxicology dose may refer to the amount of a harmful agent such as a poison , carcinogen , mutagen , or teratogen , to which an organism is exposed. Chemicals are the most common things for which doses are measured, but there are others, such as radiation exposure. For humans, most doses of micronutrients and medications are measured in milligrams mg , but some are measured in microgram s because of their potency. Nonmedicinal poisons span the measurement scale some poisons are so dangerous ..., even Water intoxication water is toxic when consumed in large enough quantities. Effects are dose dependent See also The dose makes the poison Dosage quantity the size of each dose determines the strength ... and toxins. Time Duration of exposure, that is, the period of time over which the dose was received ... exposure to a drug, while a large immediate dose could be deadly . The Drug delivery route by which a dose is exposed to, may affect the outcome, because some medications have different effects depending ... disease and promoting overall health. Calculation of dose Calculating drug dosages for humans ... by various laws or organizational usage. These include LD50 Median lethal dose , a dose that will kill 50 of an exposed population NOEL No Observed Effect Level, the highest dose known to show no effect NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level, the highest dose known to show no adverse effects PEL Personal ... Dosi ko io Dozo id Dosis lt Doz ja pl Dawka pt Dose ro Doz ru sl Odmerek sv ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Dose Type studio Artist Gov t Mule Cover Dose cover.jpg Released February 24, 1998 Recorded Genre Southern rock br Blues rock Length Label Volcano Entertainment Volcano Producer Michael Barbiero Last album Live from Roseland Ballroom br 1996 This album Dose br 1998 Next album Live... With a Little Help from Our Friends br 1999 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 4 5 ref cite web url http www.allmusic.com album r333154 title Dose Gov t Mule & 124 AllMusic first Cub last Koda work allmusic.com year 2011 last update accessdate 6 August 2011 ref rev2 rev2Score Dose is the second studio album released by Gov t Mule . It is a much darker record than Gov t Mule s self titled debut album. The songs Thelonius Beck and Birth of the Mule were tributes to jazz musicians Thelonious Monk and Miles Davis , respectively. Track listing All songs by Warren Haynes unless otherwise noted. Blind Man in the Dark 6 47 Thorazine Shuffle Haynes Abts 6 46 Thelonius Beck 3 33 Game Face 7 55 Towering Fool Haynes Abts 6 22 Birth of the Mule Haynes Woody Abts 6 41 John the Revelator song John the Revelator traditional 3 49 She Said, She Said Lennon McCartney 6 57 Larger Than Life 5 13 Raven Black Night 5 29 I Shall Return 5 40 Personnel Warren Haynes vocals, guitar , percussion instrument percussion Matt Abts Drum kit drums , percussion Allen Woody bass guitar bass , mandolin Michael Barbiero production, tambourine on John the Revelator References Reflist Category Gov t Mule albums Category 1998 albums fr Dose album it Dose album ... more details
A lethal dose LD is an indication of the lethality of a given substance or type of radiation . Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the lethal dose represents a dose usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight at which a given percentage of subjects will die. The LD may be based on the standard person concept, a theoretical individual that has perfectly normal characteristics, and thus not apply to all sub populations. Lethal doses are usually expressed as median lethal dose LD50 , the point where 50 of test subjects exposed would die, in the units of mg kg body weight. For gases and aerosols, lethal concentration mg m or ppm, parts per million is the analogous concept, although this also depends on the duration of exposure, which has to be included in the definition. The lowest known lethal dose, derived from an individual case of poisoning, is abbreviated LCLo . LD values for humans are best estimated by extrapolating results from human cell culture s. One outdated form of extrapolation involves measuring LD on animals like mice or dogs, converting to dosage per kilogram of biomass, and extrapolating to human norms. The degree of error from animal extrapolated LD values is very large. The biology of test animals differs in important aspects to that of humans. For instance, mouse tissue is approximately fifty times less responsive than human tissue to the venom of the Sydney funnel web spider . The square cube law also complicates the scaling relationships involved. Researchers are now shifting away from animal based LD measurements. The U.S. ... accessdate 2011 10 29 ref See also Lowest published lethal dose Toxicology References reflist 30em DEFAULTSORT Lethal Dose Category Medical emergencies Category Toxicology cs Smrteln d vka de Letale Dosis es Dosis letal fr Dose l tale lt Mirtinoji doz ja nds D dlich Dosis pl Dawka miertelna pt Dose letal ro Doz letal sl Smrtni odmerek sr sv Letal dos ur zh ... more details
italic title Dose is a daily Canadian news website and former daily print magazine . Dose was a mixture of standalone features and coverage of daily news, sometimes from an irreverent perspective. Each daily issue had a theme, and the top margins of every page usually included trivia items related to the theme. History Dose magazine was launched on April 4, 2005, and was distributed in five major Canadian cities Toronto , Vancouver , Calgary , Edmonton , and Ottawa . Different news articles from the five cities are still featured on the website. The magazine hoped to earn revenue through advertising and selling mobile content via the website and was aimed at the lucrative demographic of 18 to 34 year olds. The website targets this market too. Dose was published by Noah Godfrey , son of CanWest board of directors member Paul Godfrey . The content team included editor in chief, Pema Hegan and creative director, Jaspal Riyait . The magazine was the product of Canwest Mediaworks Publications Inc. originally the Calgary Herald Group , which was in turn part of the same corporate conglomerate, Canwest , that publishes the National Post , among many other newspapers in Canada, including the Montreal Gazette and the Ottawa Citizen . Canwest also controls the Global Television Network in Canada. Known for its artistic covers, Dose magazine won design awards at Communication Arts , Society for News Design , Society of Illustrators and the Canadian National Magazine Awards . On May 17, 2006, Canwest discontinued publication of the print edition of Dose , but indicated that the magazine s online presence and selling of mobile content would continue. On July 14, 2010, Canwest completed the sale of its publishing division, which includes Dose , to the new company Postmedia Network . ref ... Dose Postmedia Category Canadian news magazines Category National newspapers published in Canada Category ... in 2005 Category Publications disestablished in 2006 news mag stub webzine stub tr Dose dergi ... more details
In medicine, a booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier dose. After initial immunization , a booster injection or booster dose is a re exposure to the immunizing antigen . It is intended to increase immunity against that antigen back to protective levels after it has been shown to have decreased or after a specified period. For example, tetanus shot boosters are often recommended every 10 years. ref Citation publisher Mayo Clinic date 2006 09 21 accessdate 2008 07 17 title Tetanus Prevention url http www.mayoclinic.com health tetanus DS00227 DSECTION prevention ref If a patient receives a booster dose, but already has a high level of antibody, then a reaction called an Arthus reaction could develop, a localized form of Type III hypersensitivity , induced by fixation of complement by preformed circulating antibodies. In severe cases, the degree of complement fixation can be so substantial that it induces local tissue necrosis . ref Cite book title Remington the science and practice of pharmacy author University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, David B. Troy, Joseph Price Remington, Paul Beringer year 2005 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 0781746736 ref See also DPT vaccine References Reflist Category Vaccination he ja sl Po ivitveni odmerek ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Derby s dose was a form of torture used in Jamaica to punish slavery slaves who attempted to escape. According to Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book Outliers book Outliers , The runaway would be beaten, and salt pickle, lime juice, and bird pepper would be rubbed into his or her open wounds. Another slave would defecate into the mouth of the miscreant, who would then be gagged for four to five hours. ref name Gladwell cite book last Gladwell first Malcolm authorlink Malcolm Gladwell year 2008 title Outliers book Outliers The Story of Success publisher Little, Brown and Company page 282 location New York, NY isbn 978 0 316 01792 3 ref The punishment was invented by Thomas Thistlewood , a plantation owner, and named for the slave, Derby, who was made to defecation defecate on the victim. ref name race cite book last1 Tate first1 Thad W. last2 Jordan first2 Winthrop D. last3 Skemp first3 Sheila L. year 1987 title Race and Family in the Colonial South Essays publisher University Press of Mississippi page 74 url http books.google.com books?id y9F2AAAAMAAJ&q 22derby 27s dose 22&dq 22derby 27s dose 22&ei 3D iSbG4PIuiyAS4kIyMAg&client firefox a&pgis 1 accessdate February 23, 2009 ref References reflist Jamaica stub Category Feces Category Slavery Category Torture ... more details
unreferenced date April 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name A Double Dose Type compilation Artist Great White band Great White Cover DoubleGW.jpg Released 2004 Recorded Genre Hard Rock Length Label Deadline Cleopatra Records Cleopatra Producer Reviews Last album Thank You...Goodnight br 2002 This album A Double Dose br 2004 Next album Rock Me The Best of Great White br 2006 A Double Dose is a compilation album released by the United States American hard rock band Great White in 2004. The album combines the band s two cover albums Recover Great White album Recover and Great Zeppelin A Tribute to Led Zeppelin . Track listing Disc one In the Light Living Loving Maid She s Just a Woman Ramble On Since I ve Been Loving You No Quarter Tangerine Going to California Thank You D yer Mak er All My Love Immigrant Song When the Levee Breaks The Rover Stairway to Heaven Disc two Love Removal Machine Again and Again Ready for Love Bitches and Other Women medley Bitch It s Only Rock and Roll Women Tangled Up in Blue Burning House of Love Ain t No Way to Treat a Lady Sin City No Matter What Fire and Water Down to the Doctor Lady Love Great White DEFAULTSORT Double Dose, A Category Great White compilation albums Category Double compilation albums Category 2004 compilation albums Category Cleopatra Records albums 2000s hard rock album stub ... more details
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